Introduction

Operating Systems

prof. dr Aleksandar Jevremovic

This presentation is available for tree for personal and public use, in it‘s complete, original, and unmodified form. Literature

http://os-book.com/OS10/index.html

2/20 Contents

► Basics of operating systems

► Boot process

► Kernel

► User interface

► Special purpose operating systems

► Operating systems development

3/20 Compter systems structure

4/20 Computer system‘s starting process

► BIOS / UEFI

► Bootstrap, bootstrap loader, boot loader – LILO, GRUB, loadlin, NTLDR

► Kernel

► Devices (drivers)

► Services

► User interface

► Multiboot

5/20 Kernel

► A program that executes all the time on the computer

► By strict definition: operating system = kernel

6/20 Kernel types

► Monolite

► Microkernel

► Hybrid

7/20 User interface

► Embedded systems (no user interface)

► Console (alpha numeric)

► Graphical

► Web

► Voice

► Combined

8/20 Console user interface

BASH (Bourne-Again SHell), Linux

9/20 Graphical user interface

Window Maker, Линукс

10/20 Web-based user interface - RouterOS

11/20 Voice user interface

► Usually combined (e.g. voice input, graphical output, etc.)

► Can be personalized

► Limitations: – commands interpretation errors – noisy environments – security problems – lanuage/dialect differences

12/20 Special purpose operating systems

► Operating systems for personal computers

► Operating systems for servers

► Operating systems for mobile/smart phones

► Network operating systems

► Real-time operating systems

► Operating systems for smart cards

13/20 Број паралелних корисника и задатака

14/20 Operating systems for personal computers

► РС – DOS – Microsoft Windows (3.11, 95, 98, Ме, Vista, Windows 7) – Linux – FreeBSD, PC-BSD, DesktopBSD – OS/2, BeOS, Haiku OS – Chromium OS

► Apple – NeXTSTEP OS, Darwin, Mac OS X

► SPARC – Sun OS, Solaris, OpenSolaris

15/20 Analytics - 2012 vs 2019

16/20 Operating systems for servers

► Linux based: – Slackware – Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server, CentOS – SUSE® Linux Enterprise Server, openSUSE

► UNIX: – BSD: FreeBSD, OpenBSD, NetBSD – HP-UX, IBM AIX, Solaris

► Microsoft Windows Server 2000 / 2003 / 2008 /2012

17/20 Operating systems for servers

source: netcraft.com

18/20 Operating systems for networking devices

► Cisco – Internetwork Operating System, IOS

► Juniper – JUNOS

► MikroTik – RouterOS (Linux)

19/20 Mobile/smart phones operating systems

► Linux based: – Android – RoMOS – ОпенМоко – Tizen: MeeGo / Moblin / Maemo / Qt Extended – webOS (HP/Palm)

► Apple / iPhone – iOS

► MS Windows based: – Windows CE / Mobile / Phone / RT / 8

► Others: Symbian, PalmOS, BlackBerry OS

20/20