Introduction Operating Systems prof. dr Aleksandar Jevremovic This presentation is available for tree for personal and public use, in it‘s complete, original, and unmodified form. Literature http://os-book.com/OS10/index.html 2/20 Contents ► Basics of operating systems ► Boot process ► Kernel ► User interface ► Special purpose operating systems ► Operating systems development 3/20 Compter systems structure 4/20 Computer system‘s starting process ► BIOS / UEFI ► Bootstrap, bootstrap loader, boot loader – LILO, GRUB, loadlin, NTLDR ► Kernel ► Devices (drivers) ► Services ► User interface ► Multiboot 5/20 Kernel ► A program that executes all the time on the computer ► By strict definition: operating system = kernel 6/20 Kernel types ► Monolite ► Microkernel ► Hybrid 7/20 User interface ► Embedded systems (no user interface) ► Console (alpha numeric) ► Graphical ► Web ► Voice ► Combined 8/20 Console user interface BASH (Bourne-Again SHell), Linux 9/20 Graphical user interface Window Maker, Линукс 10/20 Web-based user interface - RouterOS 11/20 Voice user interface ► Usually combined (e.g. voice input, graphical output, etc.) ► Can be personalized ► Limitations: – commands interpretation errors – noisy environments – security problems – lanuage/dialect differences 12/20 Special purpose operating systems ► Operating systems for personal computers ► Operating systems for servers ► Operating systems for mobile/smart phones ► Network operating systems ► Real-time operating systems ► Operating systems for smart cards 13/20 Број паралелних корисника и задатака 14/20 Operating systems for personal computers ► РС – DOS – Microsoft Windows (3.11, 95, 98, Ме, Vista, Windows 7) – Linux – FreeBSD, PC-BSD, DesktopBSD – OS/2, BeOS, Haiku OS – Chromium OS ► Apple – NeXTSTEP OS, Darwin, Mac OS X ► SPARC – Sun OS, Solaris, OpenSolaris 15/20 Analytics - 2012 vs 2019 16/20 Operating systems for servers ► Linux based: – Slackware – Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server, CentOS – SUSE® Linux Enterprise Server, openSUSE ► UNIX: – BSD: FreeBSD, OpenBSD, NetBSD – HP-UX, IBM AIX, Solaris ► Microsoft Windows Server 2000 / 2003 / 2008 /2012 17/20 Operating systems for servers source: netcraft.com 18/20 Operating systems for networking devices ► Cisco – Internetwork Operating System, IOS ► Juniper – JUNOS ► MikroTik – RouterOS (Linux) 19/20 Mobile/smart phones operating systems ► Linux based: – Android – RoMOS – ОпенМоко – Tizen: MeeGo / Moblin / Maemo / Qt Extended – webOS (HP/Palm) ► Apple / iPhone – iOS ► MS Windows based: – Windows CE / Mobile / Phone / RT / 8 ► Others: Symbian, PalmOS, BlackBerry OS 20/20.