seldom can II man point to t be exact. minute at which hie whole life changed. But. on t.heafternoon of October29, 1947, Edwa rd v Dmytryk.lben thirty-nine a nd earning $25()() es a o woo II week 8S o ne of Hollywood'8 top directors. rang down II curtain o n his own life fa r more d.ramatic than a ny in the t wenty-fo ur pictures he had directed up to thal time. In ten short minutes he a ppeared before t he House Committee on Un-American "--" ommunist? Activities and. having refused .to answer whether he was t.hen o r had ever been II communist. he was excused from the sland a nd promptly cited for By RICHARD ENGLISH contempt. Edward D mytryk was the sevent.h witnCf!8 to defy the commit.tee at t.hose Washington hearings and. with three ot.hers. was to become one of t.he Edward Dmytryk started with nothing, rose to earn $2500 a week as a Hollywood Ten. The Ten were soon to become slightly more famoU8 than the picture industry • movie di rector before he was fOtty. Yet he became a communist. Here itself, their a ppearances at raUies having a ll the hoopla U8ua lly found only at Hollywood premieres. is the case history of what he now knows was his personal tragedy. Now, having served his sentence fo r contempt of Congle3s, Dmytryk iB hack in Hollywood, a mltn with a brilliant past, a clouded present. And a n unknown future. The first. of t he Hollywood Ten to admit. he was ever a communist, Edward Dmytryk, now forty two and Jiving quietly in a small Apar t ment wit.h his wife and nineteen-month-old son, has reached the point. of no return. His aWRrenef!8 of t.hiB is shown in his very tenseness. Five-seven a nd n hU8ky 170 pounds, he is a compact man in a lumberjack shirt and brown trousers, a small cleft in his crun, and the brown ha ir And eyes t hat are part. of hiH Ukrainian dcscent. "Actually," he said, pacing the Roor, " I passed the point. of no return a long time a go. But 1 was a communist.. I joined in t.he spring of 1944 a nd dropped out. of the party late the next fall. And [ never broke completely with them until I was in jail. Though [ was no longer a party member, I stood with t.he T en on my own personal convictions about civil liberties. And when we l08t. I could n't say anything until a fter I had served my time. I wouldn't have wanted it to appear that I was trying to escape any conHequences of my original Ht.and." Upstairs the baby was crying, a nd he looked after , hiB wife, Jean Porter, as she went. up the stairs. A small brown-eyed blonde, her own career as a n actieS8 has been in a rather gray limbo from the day he waa convicted. fo~o r a moment he hesitated, t hen , said soberly, .. Breaking ofT like this takes more courage than going to jail. Then I was carried a long by a tide- a lot of good people felt that. t.he hearings had been aimed more at. blacklist.ing a ll LeftiBts in pic t ures t.han at. investigating party membership. But they didn't. know what they were backing. I learned more about communism in t.he thrceand a ha lf years I was one of the T en than I ever learned when I was actually a party member. And it's no good.
He Lear nC(:1 Aho u t Communis m the Hnrd \VllY
" T HE time has come now when even the fellow traveler mu..st get out. They're like the waxy cap sule that protect.H t.he tubercle-dia80lve that. waxy covering and you could kill tuberculOtliB in no time. And t.hat's what you have to do With communism. I know. I've been there." Grimly, he picked up a. pipe and looked around for tobacco. Then, quietly, "I know now t.hat you can't a id a communist front in any way without hurting your own count.ry. The H iss conviction, the Judith Coplon trial. they all show that no matter bow small a fraction of the part.y is guilty of espionage, the respol18ibility is on the whole party. and a nyone who supports it." The feelings that. make Dmytryk talk now may supply the answer to a question that brut been tear ing Hollywood apart ever since t hose fateful Washington hearings. The day eight. prominent writers and two directors, John Howard Lawson, D alton Trumbo, Albert Maltz, Alvah Bessie. Samuel Ornitz, He rbert B iberman. Dmyt ryk, Adrian Scot.t., Ring Lardner, Jr., and Lester Cole we'lt to jail for contempt of Congl · SB, the picture • bU8ine88 received a black eye from which it. has not yet Jocovered. The public wanted to know what Ed",'urd Ollly tryk ill rort ~' -I ,·,0 yeal'8 o ld . Il i~ ,)as t i.s briUian t , h L ,)ref!ent clouded, his fut ure made a Hollywood communist, and Hollywood lie joi n ed the ComlltunL! t " a rty in the !l pring of 19-1.1, ..- cnt lojail (or contempt of Cougre8 in 1950. couldn't tell them. ~ 1
"There isn't any simple Answer IUJ to what ma kes lieve in, the way you feel about people. It's a U those to whom Eddie feels the clOfIe6t, isn laborer. William, one," Dmylryk said slowly... When I was in the things put together." the youngest, is now a major in the USAF, stationed party I 'd gUC!88 there were perhaps 150 'intellectual' To show you that Dmy lryk's story which I a m in England. communists in t.he picture business. By that I mean telling here may be more than a 8u perficial analY8is While he ia not now 8 member of a ny church. men who work with t.heir heads, the creators. And of what makes a Hollywood communist. I might Dmytryk 's family was Catholic. But any formal tbe ' intellectual ' communis18 don' t run to pattern explain that I have been A motion-picture writer religious training e nded with the death of his mot.her either in actions or in the motives Uwt cause them for fif teen years. Fo r t wo years I was on the exec at t.be age of thirty-three in Northport. Washington, to become commies. The only thing I learned was utive board of the Screen Writers' Guild, having a lead-mining town. Left with four small bo,Y8 on his t his: the BRme ideal8 t.hat take 8 liberal into the been o ne of Il group which defeated the far-Left hand8, his father moved the family to San Franci800, Communist. Party take him right. back out again." elemen18, a nd was the third and last editor of i.he where he became a motonnan. Hia father soon mar Determined not to be rega rded 88 e ither a dope Sc,een Writer Magazine.succeeding Dalton Trumbo r ied a Prot.eetant and moved on to Los Angeles, or a dupe who did not. know what he was doing. a nd Gordon Kahn. who were both called up before where he again wo rked o n 8treetcars. A1tbough be Dmytryk moves resUllAAly around the cluttered the Washington hearings, although only Trumbo leans backward in talking of his father. wbo died • living room of his apartment. There, in a crowded testified. With that bac kground, I k now something in 1946, it is obvious that Eddie had little affectio n room wiLh rice-clot h walls Me his books and jazz of Dmytryk's pa8t a8 well 88 his career. for the man who raised his family on strictly records. the bar bells with which he worka out three Dmytryk's childhood was not A part icularly European ideas. t imes a week, doing 140· pound pre8l..es. Daily happy o ne. He wa f:! born September 4, 1908, in While Dmytryk was in grade school he a nd his Variety and the Hollywood Reporter a re on a coffee Grand Fork8, British Columbia. H isfather, M ichael, brother Arthur became one of ProfCl!AOr Terman's • table, mute reminders of the business in which he was a UkrainiAn truck farmer who worked winters Group. ProfeAAOr T erman, o ne of the developers of WR.8 80 prominent a figure. " It's not just one thing in the locnl copper s melter. Eddie was the 8CCOnd t he Stanford-Binet te81.8 for intelligence, selected t hat gets you interested in communism," he said oldest of four 8On8. Ha rold, the first-born, ia A. what he caUed " tOOO G ifted Children" in 1920. All slowly. " It's where you came from, what you be- 8UCce88ful bU8inessman. Arthur, the third-born and had tl base I.Q. of at {Continuoo on ('Il ~e J47 )
•
, ...... uoooo ..... Be foN' the Un.Aml':rican Acti"ities At Ihe 19'i ill'luiry iulo lIo lly wood communi.! m , a g roup of movie players il upported lite lIollp'iOod I)m~ ' lry k refused 10 sa y if he was a communist. Te n. Aillong I hem .... e re Danny K II~' e, E"e!yn Keyes, June HanJe, Ilumphre,' 11oga.rL and Lauren Uaeall •
••
, ...... no.. _ .... Gary Coop.e r. II ttfriellcll y wi IrH~8 , " tc@ lified Ihat John Ho .... ard LII .... ~u (left), he re I ~in g re mo\'ed from tbe ;Hand for refu8illg to ans .... er ques he had foune! collllIlIIJlis l idelts ill 1I10"ie SCril.l8. lion al lhe congrcel! iolllli inquiry, u ~ uall~' had lhe las t .... ord in dis lHlteli illIlong Hollywocxl Reds . Tin: S,\T UIW \y .: \'t: N I ~G I'OST 147 always had his eye on. " That was trinatiOIl along those lines. "Late thllt WHAT 1939," he said. " 1 got my citizenship, year," he said, "a kid, a reader at the became a director, everything." sLudjo, IiSked me to lecture at the MAKES A HOLLYWOOD Starting with B pictures, Dmytryk's League of American Writers about rise WIlS gradual u ntil, after all!O work cutting. It was t.he first t.i me I hfld COMMUNIST? ing fo r Monogram Ilnd Columbia, he ever talked about a subject t hat I was (Conl il .....: ol r.. o ... I·" I!: ~ : :11 ) moved to RKO and hit the jack pot vitally interested in and, in talking, I with HiUer's Children. His career shot fowld that J had developed new the· least 140 and T erman has charted up then as he made such pictures as ories that were of great. practical ad t.heir progress through life. Later, at Tender Comrad e; Murder, My S weet; vantage to me as a direct.or. Until t.hen t.he Mill Point, West Virginia. Federal Back to Bniaan; Cornered nnd CI'OI!8- t here wasn't any place in Hollywood prison camp. where Dmyt.ryk IM' rved fi re. In eight yenrs and twenty-four where t he profC8Hionals could really get his time, he was to score the highest. pictures, including eleven for RKO together and talk over their trade. I I.Q. ever made at. that. honor camp. olone, his salary had climbed from $250 d idn't know t.hen, just talking about When he was fo urteen Eddie f all a week to $2500 a week. And during culling, that t he league had anything a way from home. Alter a n invesligation 1hat time he had become a communist. to do with communism." YfUlr fro.l t sen. of conditions there, the juvenile author He was a SUCCC88 in the industry of Dmytryk was talking more urgently it.ies paid his room rent. while Eddie his choice, he had an outstanding rep now. " That WflS the first step," he (rtnll cvcrf/tl,inf' worked h ia way through Hollywood utation fo r I!O young a man and he was said, "talking in a private home tonbout High School. Harry C. J ames, a 1.08 making pictures with the social Big ten people. Then the People's EdUC8· on c ur.',! Angeles ma n interested in boys' work, nificance he thought I!O important. On tional Center was formed, and I WflS took an interest. in him and persuaded t he debit side, his first marriage ended asked to take over a class on cutting. Paramount. studios to give Dmytryk a in an unhappy divorce in 1947. And, All kinds of people taugh t there lind job after school. T he six dollars a week regardless of actual party membership, m08t o f them were not commies. But he earned as an errand boy kept him in his a8l!OCiation with communis18 on I did become aware that the PEC was lunch money and clothes. " They made certain grounds continued until last being r un by communists, a nd instead t.hat job for me," he said. " I never September, a nd only now is publicly of being shocked , t t hought they must. forgot. it ." ended. be 'my kind of people. This wns in the Graduating from high school wi~h " I know it doesn't add up," he said 10ve·fCllHl days, and being a communist straigh t A'a, Dmyt ry k pa88ed t.he stlfT slowly, .. but everybody goes into com then d idn't stop you from being nn entrance examinatio ns to Caltech. He munism 8eeking d ifferent things. I American. But at a ny rate, I liked went one year there, making his froah thought this wns t he best country in what I had Been 80 far, both 88 li n numerals in football, basketball, track the world, but that we could still do individual and as a director. I was and baseball . But at the end of his better. I know it sounds u nrealislic thinking about the advancement of freshman year he knew be wanted to nnd is- but 1 WIiS t rying to help peo picture learning as much as I wus make pictures his career instead of the ple 88 I had been hel ped. And you just about politics." field of science, and be went back to can't do it alone, or through charity The third step came early in 19,13, Pa ramount, either. I know how I felt about charity when Dmytryk became part of the At nineteen he became a Hwdio myself. So you decide t.h inJ.,'S have 1.0 H o llywood Writers M obilization. projectionist, and he became a full ~ut be done on a scient.ific basis, so that ' ''rhis, too, wns a communist front, tar at twenty-one. He was well·llked people are really taken care of a U l he though t hat word wasn't in use then. and rega rded AA 80mething of a I ~y lime. So t hen you begin hearing about They wrote skiLB for t.he USO, prop wonder. In 1932 hc ma rried M adeleme systems. With me it was Mll rx ism ." a gandll speeches for the war effort, and Robinson, of Los Angeles, and h.as a By 1942 Dmytryk was widely known again there were scminal"8 o n cuUing, boy, ten, by that youthful marnage. in the movie industry for " wanting to music, such as we'd had at PEC, but At t.he age of thirty-one he became a make honest pictures about people" now on a much larger scale. By now I director at Ptu"amount, the goal he had find was ripe fo r communistic indoc- ba d decided I liked t he way they did things. lind I wanted to know more about communism." In the spring of 1944 Edward !=>mytr,yk j.oined t h~ Communist Party ON or OFF in 30 Seconds J) Just as It dissolved mto the Communist • Political Associntion, a result of Stalin's -Fits Any Male. or officially ending the Comintem. A MoW' Car writer who was 1.0 be one of the Ten made n recruiting pitch lit a home in t he San Fernando Valley fi nd anot.her member of tbe Ten passed around memlJCl"8hip applicatiollH. Dmyt.ryk was AI S. .... ic. S l a l~ .. Auto A«... ory one of three recruits to join t hat night.. SIar•• at POll Palel fro'" f oClory. " This is where it gets rough," he said slowly. "Nowadays, if you admit being an ex-communist, everyone ex pect:8 you to be able to trot out alll10rts • s,torl'lltNn of secret plana and big names bent on • " i~n l c lt:. n high t.reason. But if it was going on • sbop,..n then, it certainly wnsn' l, in t.he neigh YOOI _. _ ...... _ ••1l000i1 \ I borhood groups I attended. In all, I Sl.1'P'1' J.. ... ill ...._ It IN... ___ I •• .te_ ._,.,11 ....w. , ~ , . h l~, ... . aUended seven or eight group meetings M .~. IOf I<>"k_1th of from fifteen to t wenty people, and I 108,", 'lIMA·STlTCH _"' ...... ", they spent mOtit of their time wnmgling _ .. ,.1 u .. It,.. H __"" ~.I .....11, over Lbe new by·laws and things like II..., f .. - ...... , .. ~ ..... I that.. It was all directed on a propa ganda plane. writing apeeches and try· ing to elect candidates favorable to ~~. "'ltt' communism-things like thnt. fltWW ~.~'? " " While I nlso attended a couple o f fraction meetings where they were •••• SI • • ' , J •• 'r. .. ' S •• , '10_ working on local race-prejudice a.ngles. nenO" fr_ T_ L..... Ie ...... St.H_. I was never nsked to do any particular r------______~ 0 • • • DI.... If ...... oII.~ I . I .. ,_ • It, job, largely because I hadn't been fitted into any assignment yet... In 8 "' • ••• _I ....______'11 ,.. , J .. (0) lot of ways I was a bad communist ...... G.r __•' .., SIyI. __', . __ from the start. I began to BUSpect. that the ideals that had first attracted me were going to rema in just that. While ....ADD.I -;" =:=:=:=:=:=:=:=:=:=:=:=== t here was a lot. o f talk about equalities, a"___ _ lhere was damn little action. I tended up I never did pay any dues, t.ho ugh I did make contributions o ut of what money I haPIJCned to have on me whenever the hat was po . ed. But I never went for their 'tithing.'" 148 Tllf: SATUllUAY "~ Vf; NING "OS'I' M .. ~· 19. 1951
The one thing the communists were trying to prove communist infiltration self for taking .. kickbacks" from his always after was to get Hollywood of the picture businesa, Herved nineteen employees. AU Dmytryk knew was members to contribute 10 per cent. of subpoenas on Hollywood Leftista, of that he himself was in trouble. their gross pay and Dmytryk believes whom Dmytryk was one. The com The hearings a bruplly ended with that. Hollywood contributed far more mittee was already highly unpopula r the testimony of only eleven of the money thall nny other group its size in with Hollywood liberals, who feared nineteen " unfriendly wit nesses," the this country. That he never contributed t.hat it:8 real aim was Government cen eleventh witne88, Berthold Brecht, an to thia tithing himself is borne out by sorship of all motion pictures. AJJ swering the sixty-four-dollar question his business manager's records. " Ac Dmytryk said, "A lot of people besides by denying he walJ ever a commie. tua lly," Dmytryk said, " if it. hadn't the commies were anxious to appear Congl( backed up the committee, been for the hearingtt and what. fol before it, if only to challenge it on con finding all ten in contempt of Congles'! lowed, this wouldn' t, bave been a n stitutionaJ grounds." on November 24, 1947. Upset at this The cavemen wrote important. phase of my life. J was al Tbe fonnal bearingg sLarted in Wash publicity, three day'! later the studio ready beginning to doubt their lIin ington on October 20, 1947, complete heads i88ued a joint statement that about their lives cerity. And what really upset me was with all the light:8 a nd microphones they would forthwith discharge any of , By chiseling pictures what the party tried to do to It picture t hat normally make up a Hollywood t he Ten unt il he had acquitted or of m ine." superproduction. The committee bad purged him8elf of contempt and de with their knives. RKO purchased n story that Wall Helected fourteen "friendly witne wIt clared under oath that he Wall not a ultimately released as Cornered, star to appear first.. The " friendly wit communiat. As a result, Dmytryk and • ring Dick Powell. Dmytryk and Adrian nesses," who attempted to show there Scott were promptly fired by RKO un Scott-also one of the Ten-were lUI had been a communist infiltration in der the " morals" clause found in all signed to it 88 the director and pro Hollywood, included such stars as long-term oontract:8. They, in tum, ducer. respectively. The atory was that Gary Cooper and Robert Taylor, and promptly brought civil suits for of a Canadian flier who, benton revenge t.he press had a field day. A number damages against RKO. The suits are for his wife's death, ua.ils the Nazi who of pictures were cited as " examples" still pending. killed 'her to BuenOH Aires. "John of how communist. writers and directors " While 1 knew at least Heven of the Wexley wrote the first script," Dmytryk had tried to slip a loaded me9Bage to Ten were communists," Dmytryk said, said, " and when I saw it I just didn't t he public, but, ironically, Cornered " I stayed with the group becaU8e of like it. While hi8 script was highly Wall never mentioned. my own pei'80nal convictions. I was The job W85 ha rd antifascist, I didn't YO much object. to The charges of the " friendly wit very angry at first, feeling 1 had been took its sentiments as to its wordiDe88 and nesSES" 80 steamed up HoUywood lib wronged as an individual, and 1 went am a yea r generally uncinematic treat.ment.. erals that they rushed right into the along wholeheartedly in the fight. I Before they made "Consequently I 8Uggested to Adrian newspapers themaelve8. This was ac was aIIked to rejoin the party then, but a phrase appear. Scot.t t.hat we put another writer on it. complished by A junket of top stars that I wouldn't do. I wanted to fight on I wanted it made more dramatic and I and writers who, banded together as civil liberties alone." wanted to cut the wordinesa too. He The Committee for the First Amend The Ten's immediate concern was to agreed and a second writer came on ment., chartered a plane and flew back rally public opinion to their side. This and did a bang-up job. I shot the pic to Washington, loudly decrying both was done by the writing of pamphlets, ture, and WI far as 1 was concerned, t.he intent of the hearings and the testi Gordon Kahn's book, Hollywood on that was that.. But meanwhile John mony of the " friendly wiLne' 28." The Trial, organizing appearancea before Wexley had prot.e8ted t.he cred.its on the plena really had a ball then, as Lauren fellow-traveler groups throughout the script, and a Screen Writers' Guild ar Bacsll wrote a feature story for a country, setting up committees to help bitration committee found against Washington paper. prot.e8Ling such an raise money for their defense. and mak Wexley. Now, with thepictureabout to investigation. Danny Kaye made ing a short subject of the Hollywood be released, John Wexley caUed Adrian speeches and Humphrey Bogart, who Ten, showing the men with their fami Scott and insisted that the three of us Wall later to regret publicly the whole lies and at a round-Lable discU88ion. have a meeting regarding the story. thing, contributed his views of the Dmytryk married Jean Porter at that, "The meeting was held at my apart committee. Ellicott City. Maryland, on May 12, Today we write ment. Adrian and I felt of COUr116 that By October 27, 1947, the stage was 1948, and now, Heated beside him on in nothing flat. it W8.8 goin~ to be a last beef about the all set for the dramat.ic appearance of the divan, small and quiet in her gray credit decl8ion. But when Wexley the nineteen " unrriendly witneSS EI'." lounging pajamas, she said, " We were walked in, he had two communiat " We had been holding daily confer already going together when aU this screen wril..er8 with him. They came ences in Washington hotels," Dmytryk trouble started, and J asked Eddie right to the point, charging that by said, "and we had decided each of us about it. He told me he had belonged changing Wexley's script, we had actu was to make up his own mind how to back in 1945, and that while he wasn't ally made a profll8Ciat picture. This an testify. And all of us came to the con a communist any more, he couldn't. gered both Adrian and me. clusion we would refuse to 8I\8wer just walk out on them." Her voice is "Wexley insisted on a Hecond meet certain questions on constitutional light and, in ft way, childlike. "It ing, and this, too, was held at my grounds. On that ballis we relt we could didn't make any difference to me be apartment. This time Wexley arTived then take the committee into court and cause I knew the kind of a guy he really with the two communist writers plus win there. I felt strongly that the First was. But it made a difference to 80me Its LEADFA5T point John Howard Lawson, who was the Amendment protected me on a point of of my friends. They told me 1 should and modern features last word in 8uch matters. We then got privacy." quit going with him, that it would hurt AJbert Maltz-also a member of the But any sympathy that had accrued my career, and when all the headlines . Make all of us fast· Ten - in to argue our side. He did this to the "unfriendly witnessw." because came out, they-weU, 80rt of just dia writing creatures. 80 ably that the meeting ended in a of the hearsay allowed earlier in the appeared." stalemate. All that came of it W88 my hearings was quickly di88ipated, once Although Dmytryk hadeamed$137,- .J THE PE NCIL with Leod(asl disillusionment in 80rn6 important the witne8006 actually took the sta nd. 000 in 1947, he was almost flat broke. const ru ction ... stands up members, and thus·in the party." The Ten went right down the line re He had made an expensive divorce Het under any wriling pressure ... But the reperCU88ions had only fusing, with the exception of Law80n tlement with his first wife and now the lead and wood are unified 8tarted. Maltz felt 80 keenly about the and Dmytryk, even to an8wer whether Government found him $27,000 in tax and connol split. matter he wrote a piece for New they belonged to the &. een Writen' or arrears. Borrowing on his insurance M as82s entitled, WhatShal1 We AJJk of Screen Directors' guilds. Law80n and policies and almost everything elHe, he " TH E PEN CIL with ro unded Writers? Appearing February 12, 1946, Dmytryk answered the question on squared his bills and started looking for edges .. ,put$ comfort in your it defended writers' freedom of thought.. their guild affiliations largely because a job. With his career so abruptly ended hand. For t.his heresy Maltz was promptly it was already a matter of record. in Hollywood, he went to England with taken to task hy the Daily Worker and Dmytryk's brief testimony ended his wife in the summer of 1948. He " TH E PE NCIL w ith qui c!:: on April ?, 1946, he accepted the party when it became apparent he was pur said, " I made expense money and that sweep eraser .. . whisks the discipline, completely recanting in the suing the same line as the other wit was about all hy directing two pictures poper cleon, . . instantly. Worker with an article entitled Mov ne [ [ U. The chairman, J. Parnell there in the next eighteen months. But S])Hd your writing ing Forward. TboiTUlH, prompUy excused Dmytryk going to England W8.8 still the best with The meeting with Maltz Wall late in from the sLand and 1",,"'Ommended that thing J ever did." the fall of 1945. While he retained his he be cited for contempt. Dmytryk'g In England he had no communist Leftist friends, there is no record of his le8timony in the 549-page report sub friend8, a nd be said, .. I was oompletely DIXON participat.ion in the party after that gequently releaeed by the committee is outof that circle of isola tion that forn\8 LE A DFAST time, aside from his name still appear barely three and a half pages. Another around all fellow travelers. I had been ing on various "fronta." During the three pages records the testimony of 80 busy with my career at home that I next two years he was to make three various investigaton as to Dmytryk'8 hadn't realized how I had gradually pictures and, having parted from his communiat-card numbers and hiB mem 86aled mYHeIf off from outside thoughts PENCIL wife, was to fall in love with Jean bership in six communist " front8." and influences. And the people ( met Porter, who had played in one of them. That afternoon, of COUrll6, Dmytryk abroad, Living much closer to commu J __ DI ... Cntol .... eo.. D.. t . I·ll, I....., Clb" 3, N. I , . But in September, 1947, the HoU8e had no idea that J . Parnell Thomas nism than we do, see it more clearly for ea ..., .. ,.' ..1 : 1M..... _ , Coo •• Lt• . , N..... ""'M. 0 ... Un-American ActivitiefJ Committee, would 800n be in a Federal pri80n him- what it really is. One thing that hit me 'I'll E SAT U ItIJ,\ Y ' ·; VF.;\' , 1"'(; " OST
was when Oksana Kosenkina jumped wood communists. All of them were out. of the Soviet collsulate in New trying to 80Ive the contradictions in York rather t.han be sent. back to Rus their thought.s a nd the wily they lived, sin. That really made me think. trying to reconcile themselves to pres Timely TipS by Little Lulu '0 Whe n you're uway, 0, he suid slowly, en t-day conditions. The second thing HOW 00 '{au SCORE ON THESE HELPFUL WAYS TO SAVE? "you reali ...e how much your country that got me was the way the Ten were means to you. I rea lly found that out being tume
1, INSTEAD OF MANY... 2. YOU GET JlJsr ONE .•• ~
3. AND SAIJE WITH KLEeNex
AMERICAS FAVORIf"E nSSlJe ., \ f . lta:tll~ -,> c're 111(t1.;i .. ~ ror It " iN' p it' '';f' "tlot r.. r this S Ullday: ' • ... • n".DU avu",..,.os. • ' . ••n .•.• •• , 0". 150 T ilE SATUI{O,\Y .:" ..: N ING I>OST MIlY 19. 195 1 Trumbo went to jail. Dmytryk. who man." The affida vit, wbile reiterat.ing Quietly, Dmytryk said, " While, like had refused to tour with the Ten in his feelinga t hat be had been right on a ny guy, 1 hope I go back to work o ne their last money-raising campaigns. constitutional grounds , stated his loy of t.hese days, tha t isn' t why I' m talk flew back to Washington and on June nlty to this country and ended with the ing now. 1£ I made a cer tain reputa 29, 1950, had a perfunctory forma] statement that, at the t.ime of the tion, I'm stuck with it, But a guy has t rial. Judge Keech sentenced him to hea rings, he was not a Communist to spea k out now. It's fellows like my gix months in Federal pr i80n and a Party member. self thnt give t he party ita strength and $1000 fine, a nd remanded him to t he Albert. Ma ltz pleaded with him not its camoufla ge. If they' ll WA lk ofT now, District of Columbia jail the same day, to i88ue t.he statement.. " He used the t he rest won' t be hard to handle." where Dmytryk drew a bootlegger RB clincher they always have on ex-ccm· What his future is in the picture in his fim cellmate. munists," Dmytryk said slowly. " He dus try is not yet known, There are The war had just etar1:ed in Korea said, 'People won't believe you a ny th08e who feel that, communist or not, and it waa t.he big eubject of conversa how; they'll t hink tha t if you were he was far too individualistic to have tion among thoae of the Ten in that once a communist you're a lways one, ever had any importance in the party. Washington jail. Walking back and and Hollywood will be as afraid of pub· This checks with available records a nd forth during their exercise periode. t hey lic opinion 8.8 it ever W8.8.' And maybe Omytryk's own story, The more mod· hmwed it over, always inaiating it W8.8 he's right. But 1 had to have it ofT my e rate elements BOOm to feel that he will t be South Koreans who had attacked chest. The only reason I didn't admit bear watchful waiting, a nd that's all. the North Koreans. then that I had ever been a commu Those on the R igh t have a violent. dis "It was utterly insane," D mytryk nist was that. I wanted to wait until I trust fo r a ny ex-ccmmunist a nd are in said. " We were in jail, we had no way had put it aU together in my mind, all sistent such people must. continuously at all of knowing what W8.8 going on, the t.hinga that took me into the party purge theffi8elvee with a steady t' disin_ and yet a judgment favorable to com and back. out again." recting pr0cee8." No one knows what munism and unfavorable to us W 8.8 Released November 15, 1950, after that may be. made right then. This showed me ror serving fOUT months and seventeen In that quiet a par t ment Dmytryk the laat time their cond itio ned think· days ns a result of time ofT for good be t ries to forget t hoae things by working ing; that t here W8.8 no independence of havior, Dmytryk returned to Holly o n a screen play. The phone rings very thoug ht. there couldn't be. I W8.8 really wood to pick up his unknown destiny. seldom, and he said, a bit wryly, through then." H is voice tightened, While only o ne independent producer " That's what bappens when you cut "All that Ruseian peace talk, t.hinga 1 has shown a nervous interest in having yourself off. In breaking clean, a lot of had once believed in, had just been a him direct a picture at 80rne future the people who were closest to you are blind to diaarm t.he Westem world." date, the communista had already gone too. This isn' t like Alcoholics W ith Albert Maltz he was trane started their local smear ca mpaign. At Anonymous. The ex-drunks help each ferred to Mill Point. Prison Camp on Lucey's Restaurant one of them ex other. They know that awful loneliness July 17, 1950. There, where he waa as plained away Omytryk's affidavit, say a man getS- 8O there's a lways t hat signed a job 8.8 a garage clerk in a camp ing, " You know t he inside on that, phone, 8Omebody to call when it gets largely devoted to logging and sawmill don't you? He made a deal wit.h t.he rough. M aybe t.hat's t he answer for a operat.ions, Dmytryk kept getting mad producers that he was to start work at lot of people who are trying to quit, der. " Finally," he said, " when the MGM at $5000 a week the minute he 8Or t. of an Ex-Communists Anony. Chinese entered the war, I swore to a n got o ut, if he would just sign that affi mous." He smiled fa intly, watching his affidavit before Superintendent Thie- davit." wife. " It's an idea, anyway."
235 boxes of communist propa ble for well over haH of its activities, THE KREMLIN'S BILLlON ganda material German officials estima.te. Their con DOLLAR STOOGES 40,000 pounds of coffee trol va ries from direct operation to dis • 3 boxes of Mei88en china tant manipulation. Sometimes t he (Continued (ron> I'pge 29) 5000 pairs of rayon stockings chain of command iy 80 tenuous that 26 optical instruments the man doing t he job doesn't even personnel." The forma a nd the uni know he is working for t.be Politburo. forms, it turned out, were genuine, but Still another va riety of smuggling The growth of the Soviets' contra stolen. Th~oueehold goods were found goes on along the Belgian border, band organi7.a t ion is particularly re to be chocolate and cigarettes, the through Germany's " bo le in the West." markable, since at first, after tbe wa r, drivers Austrian. Then! the city of Aachen lies clO8e to a t he RU88ia ns had li ttle to do with t be After weeks of investigation, the or border that winds through extens ive orgy of illicit trading in ruined Ger ganizers of the fake transport were woodlands. Tens of thousands of pe0- many. Then, the black ma rket was just traced to Soviet-ruled Prague. It al80 ple make a career out of smuggling. a legacy of the war-like the weeds that was found that t hey had worked the They work in C8.n!fuJIy organized bands spread in t he rubble of t.he devastated ONLY OSLAND MAKES DUIAN same stratagem dozena of times be· a nd are often armed a nd protected in cities. THIS TAG IS YOUR PROTECTION fore -only the uniform& had d iffered. military fashion by advance and rear The Gennans' main interest was to SometuDal they had been American. guam.. keep alive by hook or by crook. The oc Coffee is brought over the border in I n tbis region of a few d07.en miles of cupying powers had t.heir hands full. wine barrels, cigaretm in bundles of border country , customs police m~de Na turally, you wont the unri · The new German customs forces were rags, a nd narcotics in hollowed-out re about 40,000 ali sts laBt year - each unarmed, often corrupt and totally in valled color beauty and cleon· ligious books. CaJ'8 have double floors aliest averaging .a.ix pounds of coffee. sufficient in numbers. Above a ll, they ability of Mesland Duron when and trucks 8eCret compartments large "Th08e figuree look fine on paper," one were permitted little authority over you buy plastic upholstered enough to hold a $1000 profit in tea. C'U8loms guard said, "but for every non-German nationala. In September, "Charley With the pound we catch, at least fiJteen pounds furniture. Know for sure thot' That was the era when a whole na White Hairs," a notorious French us." t.io n danced, not around the golden you're gelling Moslond Duron. counterfeiter, WaB al I eeted by the Paris , e~. no t rick of the trade that the calf, but around a packet of cigarettes Ask for "MASLAND DURAN" police. They found millions of marks, smugglers haven't learned. Methods and a handful of colTee. Which visitor nol just "plastic." Also insist on dollars a nd francs stacked up hi~h in differ, and 80 do the smuggle",. But to Frankfort doee not recall tbe official whether they are the small profeeeion. seeing Ihe MOlland Duron lag. biB printing shop, ready to be shipped American ba rter market, the Hand into Germany in the water tank of a alsof Aachen, homelees OP's , membe", lu ng8Zll!.nlrare , whose roaring t rade went It's your positive assurance of locomotive-as other millions bad been of the occupation forces, t he poor on just outside t be American com· upholstery excellence on furni gefIt before. fanatics of the Communist Party or the pound? Gennan housewives brought ture for every room. Shipe, witb their many partitions big. time organize"" tbe result is tbe their va luables to the Zenlrak and reo and multiple bottoms, are the customs ..me . ceived American cigarettes, coffee, inspectors' grief the world over. The Vaat sums of money which should be 808p or candies in return. Two pack "EEl heavy barge traffic on Germany'& many used for t he reconstruction of Germany ages of cigarettes bought a fi ne camera, FOLDER WITH SAMPLI OF MASU.HD DUwt waterwa}'8 supplies an ideal transport go into private pockets. And large worth $100 o r more, and a fine antique ~7ODtI4"! for smugglers. A barge that bad slipped a mounts of vital materiala go to the coffee table could be had for four packs. in £rom tbe Soviet zone at night, but Soviets when they should be available In those days anybody who bad ac WaB detected when fire broke out in its for tbe defense preparations of the cess to American a nd British supplies galley, disgorged a fine hodgepodge of West. Some "independent" smugglers could am888 8; small fortune. And many contraband: have no con nection with the Soviets. did. But they help M cnow by their opera Gradually t.he occupation fOrce8 225 rolls of newsprint for the West tionL tightened their regulations. Allied German communist P:"'''' Though the RU88ians do not COntrol citizens were required to submit to 190 ladies' panties (dark blue) the whole weird world or Germany's customs examination. More tielf-gov 40 pairs of United Statee nylon black market, they are fast inCi E -sing emment was granted to the Germa ns. stocki n~ their boldinga. Tbey are now responsi- Their customs service improved. I ~ I
Then came the Korean conflict-and coffee and cigarettes and of exporting II sudden realization of how valuable antiques, jewelry and other valuables, ATTENTIO contraband runner"8 had become to the the German a uthorities had been per Soviet1J. July, 1950, Kl"IW the formation sistent in demanding stronger Allied .... GAlN ... w .... 'OEO of a Tripartite Customs and Front.ier controls. But the tables are tunling in ''''SHION ... ' .... OEMY GOto MEOAL lnspectorate. The German frontier Germa ny. u'~:d. were increased to 30,000 men. Now it's the Allies who are worried, ALL BOYS! the city of West Berlin was and the Germans who have to be stMt traffic inspection be· prodded. Thus, in November, t he H igh and the Soviet Zone. The Comm~ion had to write to Chancellor of such control had been one of Adenauer expressing "distless about more damaging factor"8 of Ger the subatantinl leak of critical mAnu· underground trade-little WAS factures into the Soviet zone." Another correct un' Inrge amounta of steel alloys warning followed in December. "We other vital materials had pnl!8e - EFFORT! - Mee' the chimps! YtN dOl'l't know Sanfotlan.l.belied .,-Own oIr'""'91+1 - .... til yCH.t 10" hold - "001 . .. 01 "001 • of th ... Utlu, - ~Onte .. t ..,."h hold ,.;'101 Grip n...... - their , i,e. can', Mor. pow.,f.. 1 .h.ink out or fit, b.co .. .. yo .. , lead the field in wrlot h .trol,hI pc .(orm ... ce. _no, c.omp-d. o w ..... you pull, 1+1. low, ti,ht... w."or!iltlou.l "".Ih., £olY to \1M in d ifficult plac.. . M.... Y ..... , in 1+1. hom.--'.ohop or ,Oro;l, • . Jont 10k. hold of ,~ ...... p~ ..... "",-ytd ....1 . 0_ fl , I !)2 T II F. SATUKOAY .:".: NING I'OST 1\1,,), 19. 19:> 1 also discovered that the Soviets' own Germany wns split into four 7.ones in Czech border goes a railroad line con zone offered prime opportunities to en 1945, 83 per cent. of her hoee industry necting Western Europe with C:r.echo gage in black marketing. Before long, fell under Soviet control. As a result, slovakia, Poland and the Balkans. the Soviet-protected racketeers were women's stockings are scarce and ex Twice a day, a train decorated with t he running a side show of their own in the pensive in Western Germany, while Soviet star arrives wi t.h produce from Soviet 7.one. It W8.8 a particularly lu the Soviets have an oversupply of a behind t.he Iron Curtain. J ust. as often crative business-since the Russiana " luxury" they usually frown upon. a couple of trains enter from Western didn't know about. it and there W8.8 no . Now a pair of good rayon hose costs Germany, destination East.. sharing of t.he spoils. one East. mark in t.he Soviet zone Until a few mont.hs ago, the calm of Inevitably, t.he RU88ians discovered that isO.l5 mark in West. money . But a theendlees Bavarian forest W8.8 scarcely shoes t.hat. t.hey were being double-crossed. few miles away in Western Germany, disturbed_ The trains ~me and left On July 3, 1950, the People's Police, in t he same pair sells for ten West marks. quietly. Now and t.hen, a few tourists> a m8.88 raid, seized the black-market Thus a smuggler's t.ruckload of 50,000 would watch 8.8 rail cars carrying what headquarters. They arrcsted all and pairs costs him 7500 and brings him looked like heavy armor plating, rum ,mndry, and carted away V8.8t stores of 500,000 West marks-a tidy profit. in bled East. contraband. any currency. Then, in September, Sergeant Lee, The effects were felt. t.hroughout Of course, there is a limit beyond of t.he 7751st MP Customs Unit, moved Western Europe. Black-market. prices which it doesn't pay t.he RUSRians to into a little room in Fur t.h station. On shot. up like a fever curve. Those pri bring stockings into Western Germany. t.hat day Furth loat its idyllic peace. Style vate smugglere who had survived the Too many stockings would bring the Not. that Sergeant Lee is a noisy man. No . 2233 growing Soviet competition now had black-market pri0e8 down. The same On the contrary. When he says" No," a clear field. Their t rade mushroomed is true for cameras, Mei.ssen china and he says it. quietly. But the one word is into even greater pl"08perity. other Soviet-zone products. LikewiBe, enough to send Czech officials shouting RUBBian n~ ror Western Germany's it. paya t.he RUSRians to restrict. their .. Fa&eist saboteur! " to make the wires black·market supplies must have been shipments of coffee and American hum bet.ween Furth and Bonn, and to urgent, for the People's Police showed cigaret.tes into Germany. bring high American brass in for in an unheard-of leniency toward t.he ar That is where t he " independent" spection. reeted racketeers. The men were re smuggler comes in. H is cut-rate com For Sergeant Lee's "No" means leaBed after a few weeks and set. up in petition has at. t.imes been serious_ But t.hat yet another shipment. of strategic a new and better headquarters on he cannot mat.ch the powerful tech ilupplieA haa failed to get. behind t.he Berlin's Spittelmllrkt. But on Inst nica1 aasi..etance t.he RU88ians can give I ron Curtain. Already his veto has November nineteenth, Gen. Zaiafler their smugglers.. Consequently, he is stopped a complete radio station, t.rain Gometz bad to crack down on his over t.he first to feel t.he pinch of t.be im loads of steel t.ubing, electronic inst.ru enterprising partners again. This time proving Allied and German customs ments, chemical products and arma the break was final. Those who had control. ment steel from reaching Red Prague. been mOtit active in "independent" The German customs force will BOO n In Furth, at le8.8t., t he border is no black-market activities were either ex reach 40,000 men. Telewriters and a longer wide open. Soviet cont raband pelled from the Soviet zone or bundled radio communication system ns well runners have had to move elBewhere. ofT to Soviet. concentration camps. ns motorcycles have been added to Gradually the holes in Germany's M08COw took no more chances. A their equipment.. A drast.ic t.ightening frontier are being plugged. It is uphill new organization W8.8 set up 8.8 part of up of control procedures is directed work. As t he R UBBians find it. ill t he E8.8t German Ministry of Trade. mainly against. the misuse of t ransit ctensingly difficult to obtain criticnl It was made 8.8 watertight a bureauc shipments. supplies, t hey will strive their hardest racy ns possible. On t.he Allied side, too, t.he war to keep the dark channei8 of Germany ft takes two to makeadeal. And witb against. the smugglers is being rought open. Nor will they give up their at out the willlng oo-operation of the Ger with a new detennination. You may tempt. to undermine Western Germany. man public, without their eagernesa to never have heard of Furth-in-t.he But. t.he chanoea are that 9Omet.ime in buy black-market coffee, cigarettes or Foreet in Bavaria or of Sgt.. Bill Lee, 1951 a good many German nigh t. clubs stockings, t.here could have been no or the 7751Bt MP Customs Unit. But. and luxury hotels will have to close black market. The rea90n for this is as t.he t.hree have a very important bear down. When that happens, the Rus simple 88 it. is compelling: smuggled ingon what. is happening on Germany's sians will hnve loet another battle on goods are cheaper than the legally im Ea8tern frontier. Through Furth on the t.he European front.. 'rUt: t:s u ported ones. Coffee, for ilUltance, C06ta tirty-five cents, or 2.30 German marks a pound on t.he world market.. To Hus basic price the West. German government adds customs duties and taxes amount. •• ing to a whacking 370 per cent. By t.he time t.he wholesaler and grocer have taken t heir profit, t.he German ho~ wife bas to pay more t.han fourteen - marks for the pound that. coste 2.30 marks in Amsterdam. That is a pro. hibitive price in a country of coffee drinkers where t.he monthly wage of an industrial worker averages under 300 ilJI HOT ON • mar..... Since the smuggler pays neit.her duty au • nor taxes, he can sell his coffee at eleven or twelve marks and still make a huge profit. The situation is the same ~th tea and cigaret.l:e8. " At the legal price, my husband and ] can't afford more than t.wo cups of ON COMFORT coffee a day," t he wife of a universit.y profenor told me. " By buying on the • You'll go lor their (ustom·like black market we have a few cups extra oppearonce . .. their carefully for Sunday afternoon or if the pro handled details ... their cool, fessor h8.8 to work late at. night. And carefree comforl. Today, os ever, I don't think t.hat. makes me a crimi on outstanding value. Jusl compare nal." American Gentleman . .. and you'll Ot.her inducements to smuggling are weor American Genllemon! provided by t.he wide gap between the exchange rates of t he two German 95 to 95 marks-one iaeued in Western Gel' $10 $12 many and the ot.her in the communist SOME STYUS HI GHER zone. DISTANT I'OIKrS $UCHTLY HItHER The rate bas fluctuated anywbere' Writ. fa Nome 01 NfIOl'til 0.01., around 8even East. to one West mark. " It wouldnol he 80 had ir)'ou could depend 011 As an example of what t.his means, AMERICAN GENTLEMAN DIVISION 'f'm o but I!O m e morlli n g~ the)' run on tim!':," let. us take a look at. the smuggling Craddock-T wry Shoe Corp .• lynchburg, Va. operation in women's stockings. When