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The Prevalence of Post-Traumatic Study Chen M, et al., J Pract Prof Nurs 2021, 5: 022 DOI: 10.24966/PPN-5681/100022 HSOA Journal of Practical and Professional Nursing Short Review Version, which was used to investigate the extent of PTSD in this The Prevalence of Post-Traumatic study. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22. Results: This cross-sectional study included a total of 142 front-line Stress Disorder (PTSD) among nurses. The mean (SD) total score of PTSD was 35.81(14.42). The prevalence of PTSD was 35.21%. In the classification of age, nurses Emergency Front-Line Nurse with 20-30-yearold had the maximum frequency (50.00%), and the score of PTSD among older was higher than younger. A large scale during the COVID-19 Outbreak: of front-line nurses in this study (81.69%,n=116) acquired bachelor’s degree. Different job title also show the difference PTSD score during A Cross Sectional Study in the COVID-19 outbreak. Besides, in the classification of job title, the Wuhan, China intermediate nurse has the highest PTSD score (35.81±14.42). Conclusion: The result of this study indicates the prevalence of PTSD among front-line nurses during the acute phase of the Chen M1*, Sun H1, Tian Yu2*, Liu L3* COVID-19 outbreak. Therefore, some supportive and effective strategies are indeed to be taken among front-line nurses, in order 1Department of Nursing, Zhong Nan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, to prevent and manage this disorder effectively, which probably can China release their stress and improve their performance. 2Department of Emergency, Zhong Nan Hospital of Wuhan University, Keywords: Front-line nurses; Post-traumatic stress disorders; The Wuhan, China COVID-19 3Department of Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy of Head and Neck, Zhong Nan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China Introduction The outbreak of a novel corona virus (COVID-19) in Wuhan is Abstract bring in rapidly evolving situation at the end of 2019 ,which was Background: A novel corona virus in Wuhan has broken in China parallels with the 2003 outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome during a short period of time. Faced with this situation, front-line (SARS) caused by another corona virus with confirmed infection healthcare workers were exposed to stress heavily. Post-traumatic in China [1]. By Apr 5, 2020, there were 82966 confirmed cases stress disorder (PTSD) is one of the anxiety disorders which occurs of the COVID-19 in China [2]. Wuhan, with population of over in response of facing outbreak events and accidents accompanied by ten million in the affected area, had 50008 people got infected and fears, frustration and terror. The aim of this study was to investigate 2570 people lost their life in this epidemic till Apr 5, 2020. Many the prevalence of PTSD among emergency front-line nurses going healthcare workers also lost their life in this disaster. Local residents through the COVID-19 break. have been comparing the situation to “the end of the world”, hospitals Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, all participants are overwhelmed and there were concerns about medical supplies were front-line nurses working in Emergency Department of shortages [3]. “Panic in Wuhan” is a common refrain [4] .Individuals ZhongNan Hospital of Wuhan University and 142 front-line nurses severely exposed to disasters, both residents and nurses and they were included through census method. The participant responded to experienced both physical sufferings and great psychological distress questionnaire online individually via phone and data were collected with the increasing number of infected cases and deaths at the first after questionnaire completed. The questionnaire consists of 2 parts, breaking stage. As we know, accidents, particularly artificial disasters, one part capture demographics, like ages, education level, and may develop PTSD or other mental disorders [5,6] . Fear and anxiety gender. While the second part was PTSD Checklist -Civilian (PCL-C) usually appear immediately after the disaster and disappear within a short period of time, but the depression and psychophysical *Corresponding author: Chen M, Department of Nursing, ZhongNan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China, Tel: +027 67812888; Email: cmx0825@ symptoms persist for a longer period of time [7]. When healthcare outlook.com workers were taking care of COVID-19 patients, they not only had intense pressure from their workload, but also experienced stigma, Citation: Chen M, Sun H, Tian Yu, Liu L (2021) The Prevalence of Post-Trau- matic Stress Disorder (PTSD) among Emergency Front-Line Nurse during the fear, and frustration. Front-line nurses in emergency are vulnerable to COVID-19 Outbreak: A Cross Sectional Study in Wuhan, China. J Pract Prof the emotional impact of corona virus in this framework [8]. Nurs 4: 022. PTSD is an anxiety disorder which occurs in response to Received: January 27, 2021; Accepted: January 29, 2021; Published: Febru- ary 05, 2021 experiencing accidents and events accompanied by fear, frustration, and terror [9-12]. Some studies indicated that PTSD can develop Copyright: © 2021 Chen M, et al. This is an open-access article distributed un- in those who witness disastrous events in the workplace not only der the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unre- stricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original this affected person [13-18]. Considering the special situation and author and source are credited. complexity of COVID-19, which are associated with unpredictable Citation: Chen M, Sun H, Tian Yu, Liu L (2021) The Prevalence of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) among Emergency Front-Line Nurse during the COVID-19 Outbreak: A Cross Sectional Study in Wuhan, China. J Pract Prof Nurs 4: 022. • Page 2 of 4 • infections and taking care of critically patients and witnessing the this study (81.69%, n=116) acquired bachelor’s degree. Female nurse death of patients, who were infected, create highly stressful conditions consist heavily part of the population (90.14%) and the mean age of for front-line nurses who are directly in contact with patients. This women was 32.77 years (SD=7.19). And only 38 participants (26.76%) can cause development of job-related psychological problems such mentioned experience of disasters in their past work experiences. In as PTSD symptoms [19-21]. The impact of this epidemic on front- this study, the mean (SD) total score of PTSD was 35.81(14.42) in line nurses’ mental health has few been studied. There is also an front-line nurse. The prevalence of PTSD was 35.21%.The score urgent need to understand the possible psychological impacts of the was 35.89 (14.22) and 35.14 (16.74) in female and male, which does COVID-19.Thus the aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence not show significantly difference. The mean score in aged over 40 of PTSD among healthcare workers going through the infectious years old was 40.37, which higher than others (p-value=0.012). In disease. the classification of job title, intermediate nurse got the highest score (41.00) than other titles (p-value=0.033). Methods Participant and questionnaire Demographic PTSD score, N (%) F P Information mean (SD) All front-line nurses in this cross-sectional study are provided by the Age range, y ≤29 71(50.00) 32.27(13.21) 4.569 0.012 Emergency Department of Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 30-39 52(36.36) 34.00(14.27) and 150 questionnaire were distribute totally to those nurses who went through the COVID-19. Finally, 142 questionnaires (94.67%) met the ≥40 19(13.38) 35.81(14.42) criteria. Every participant completed questionnaires online by their Gender Male 14(9.86) 35.14(16.74) 0.033 0.856 own phone and data were collected after questionnaires completed. Female 128(90.14) 35.89(14.22) Besides, researchers interviewed each participant and explained the Martial status Single 63(44.37) 37.86(15.30) 1.51 0.131 purpose, significance, and relevant instructions before administering Married 75(52.82) 33.35(13.17) the questionnaire. Every participant in this project signed a detailed Other 4(2.81) 49.57(12.55) Educational Level Polytechnic informed consent form. Further, in order to help participants confide in 25(17.61) 37.36(13.75) 0.349 0.556 the study, they were requested not to write their personal information School and name on the questionnaires. The questionnaire includes two parts. College 117(82.39) 35.48(14.59) The first part is consisted of demographic characteristics such as age, Working, y ≤5 34(23.94) 32.29(13.68) 3.054 0.05 educational level, job title, working hours per day, marital status, 10-Jun 46(32.39) 34.00(14.27) and work experience， experience of disasters. The second part is ≥11 62(43.66) 35.81(14.42) PCL-C which was utilized in this study to investigate the prevalence Job title Registered nurse 23(16.20) 32.26(14.04) 2.989 0.033 of PTSD. Primary nurse 71(50.00) 33.65(13.29) Instrument Intermediate nurse 38(26.76) 41.00(15.64) Deputy senior 10(7.04) 39.60(14.42) PTSD was evaluated in our population using a Chinese-language Working time,h <6 17(11.97) 38.59(14.95) 2.653 0.074 version of the PTSD Checklist - Civilian Version (PCL-C). The PCL-C 8-Jun 80(56.34) 33.39(13.62) includes 17 items that reflect Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of >8 45(31.69) 39.07(15.09) Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) criteria [22]. Participants were asked Disaster experience Yes 38(26.72) 36.89(13.89) 0.292 0.59 about how bothered they were by each item over the COVID-19 break No 104(73.24) 35.41(14.65) time on a 5-point Like scale with regard to their most significant life Table 1: Demographic characteristics of front-line nurses and total scores for event stressor.
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