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Taxonomy of the Subgenus Ocypus Leach (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylinini) and Three New Species from China

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Taxonomy of the Subgenus Ocypus Leach (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylinini) and Three New Species from China Zootaxa 4312 (2): 293–310 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) http://www.mapress.com/j/zt/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2017 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4312.2.5 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:A167FBBF-CEEF-4BEC-88B4-CBB4238195E2 Taxonomy of the subgenus Ocypus Leach (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylinini) and three new species from China LIANG HE1 & HONG-ZHANG ZHOU2,3 1Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Rd., Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, P. R. China 2University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Rd., Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China 3Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Three new species of the subgenus Ocypus s. str. of the genus Ocypus Leach, 1819 are described from South China: Ocy- pus (s. str.) liui sp. nov., Ocypus (s. str.) aglaosemanticus sp. nov. and Ocypus (s. str.) pterosemanticus sp. nov. Line draw- ings and color illustrations of adults and genitalia of the new species, as well as of Ocypus (s. str.) rhoetus Smetana, 2007 and Ocypus (s. str.) weisei Harold, 1877 are given. A key to Chinese species of the subgenus Ocypus Leach, 1819 is pro- vided. Key words: Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Staphylinina, Ocypus, new species, China Introduction The genus Ocypus Leach, 1819 is a remarkable rove beetle group with large-sized and robust species and is attracting greater attention of coleopterists and taxonomists (Herman, 2001; Schülke & Smetana, 2015). As an early-erected genus-group taxon, Ocypus was treated as a subgenus of the genus Staphylinus L. for a long time (cf. Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914; Cameron, 1932; Scheerpeltz, 1933); its history of taxonomy and classification were thus nested with Staphylinus L. and some other closely related groups (Smetana & Davies, 2000; Herman, 2001). The modern classification of the subgenus Ocypus s. str., as well as the whole genus Ocypus Leach, 1819, was established in the excellent taxonomic work by Smetana and Davies (2000) and the improvement thereafter (e.g. Smetana, 2007, 2011), as was compiled in Herman (2001), Smetana (2005) and Schülke & Smetana (2015). In this classification, the genus Ocypus includes the following four subgenera, namely Ocypus s. str., Angulephallus Khachikov, 2005, Matidus Motschulsky, 1860, and Pseudocypus Mulsant & Rey, 1876. Our study is here concentrating on the Chinese fauna of the subgenus Ocypus s. str. According to Smetana and Davies (2000), 16 species were included in the subgenus Ocypus s. str. Some others were reported thereafter (Smetana, 2007, 2011). The world fauna of the subgenus Ocypus s. str. currently includes 21 species, with seven of them occurring in the territory of China. Here we describe three new species from China: Ocypus (s. str.) liui sp. nov. Ocypus (s. str.) aglaosemanticus sp. nov. and Ocypus (s. str.) pterosemanticus sp. nov., increasing the number of Chinese species to ten. All Chinese species are included in the key to species, and color photos and line drawings are provided for the new species reported here. Material and methods Dried specimens were placed in hot water at 70°C for about five hours to soften the beetle body structures. Abdominal segments VIII–X and the genitalia were then dissected with insect pins. The paramere in most Ocypus beetles was usually strongly sclerotized, so it was kept in 10% KOH solution for five minutes to lighten the color for subsequent observation and photography. The dissected parts were finally glued back to the mounting cards for Accepted by A. Brunke: 6 Jul. 2017; published: 29 Aug. 2017 293 further study. Observation, dissection and measurements were performed under a stereo microscope (Zeiss Stemi 2000-C). Images of adults and genitalia were captured with an AxioCam MRc 5 camera attached to a Zeiss Axio Zoom.V16 Fluorescence Stereo Zoom Microscope, and photomontage was performed in Zen 2012 (blue edition) imaging software. Inkscape V0.91 was used to make the line drawings. Measurements are average values calculated from five available specimens; if the number of available specimens was less than five, then all the specimens were measured. Most specimens used in the study are deposited in the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IZ-CAS), and a few were from a private collection of Mr. Bin Liu (CBL). The following abbreviations are used: CL longitudinal diameter of eye; EL greatest length of elytra (from the humeral angle to the most distal margin of elytra); ELS length of elytra (measured along the suture from the apex of scutellum to the posterior margin); EW combined width of both elytra (elytra closed along suture); HL greatest length of head (measured from the frontal margin of head to the posterior angle of head, labrum and mouthparts not included); HW greatest width of head, including eyes; PO length of post-ocular region; PL greatest length of pronotum; PW greatest width of pronotum. Taxonomy Subgenus Ocypus Leach, 1819 Leach, 1819: 172 (species included: cyaneus); Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 374 (subgenus of Staphylinus; authorship as Stephens, 1832; world catalog); Cameron, 1932: 180 (subgenus of Staphylinus); Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1381 (subgenus of Staphylinus, catalog supplement); Shibata, 1973: 62 (checklist of species of Taiwan); Coiffait, 1974: 420 (key to species of the western Palearctic Region); Shibata, 1984: 87 (checklist of species of Japan); Smetana and Davies, 2000: 21, 31, 42 (characters; checklist of species of north temperate region); Herman, 2001: 3355 (world catalog); Smetana, 2004: 674 (Catalog of Palaearctic Region); Smetana, 2007: 443 (key to species of China); Schülke & Smetana, 2015: 1089 (Catalog of Palaearctic Region, including the synonyms Nudabemus and Xanthocypus). Type species: Staphylinus cyaneus Paykull, 1789, fixed by original designation and monotypy. Syn.: Goerius Westwood, 1827: 58. Type species: Staphylinus olens O. Müller, 1764 by monotypy. Isopterum Gistel, 1856: 388. Type species: Staphylinus cyaneus Paykull, 1789, fixed by subsequent designation by Blackwelder, 1952: 2015. Nudabemus Coiffait, 1982b: 74. Type species Nudabemus caerulescens Coiffait, 1982, fixed by original designation. Xanthocypus J. Müller, 1925d: 40. Type species Ocypus weisei Harold, 1877. The species of the subgenus Ocypus s. str. can be easily distinguished from those of other subgenera of the genus Ocypus by the following characteristics: last segment of maxillary palpi asetose; that of labial palpi setose, usually short, with truncate apex; body size relatively large (more than 15 mm), body color usually totally black; palpifer usually with three setae on apical portion; eyes small and tempora relatively long; genal seta at least four puncture diameters away from posterior margin of eye; sternite 9 of male genital segment with tapered basal portion rather short and wide. In the current taxonomy (Smetana and Davies, 2000; Herman, 2001; Smetana 2007; Schülke & Smetana, 2015), the subgenus Ocypus s. str. includes the synonyms Goerius Westwood, 1827, Isopterum Gistel, 1856, Nudabemus Coiffait, 1982, and Xanthocypus J. Müller, 1925. The taxonomic position of the name Xanthocypus was once challenged if it should be maintained within the subgenus Ocypus s. str. (Hayashi, 1993; Smetana 2007: “tentatively set aside as a possible junior synonym of Agelosus Sharp, 1889”), but this was not confirmed by later publications (Smetana, 2009; Schülke & Smetana, 2015). We therefore maintained it within the subgenus Ocypus s. str. and included here two Chinese species: Ocypus miwai (Bernhauer, 1943) and Ocypus weisei Harold, 1877. 294 · Zootaxa 4312 (2) © 2017 Magnolia Press HE & ZHOU Key to species of the subgenus Ocypus s. str. from China (Improved based on Smetana, 2007) 1. Visible tergites 4 and 5 with yellow tomentose pubescence . 2 - Visible tergites 4 and 5 without yellow tomentose pubescence . 3 2. Dorsal surface of head covered with yellow tomentose pubescence . Ocypus (s. str.) weisei Harold, 1877 - Dorsal surface of head not covered with yellow tomentose pubescence . Ocypus (s. str.) miwai (Bernhauer, 1943) 3. Apical portion of median lobe simple in ventral view, finger like, not gradually narrowed toward apex (Figs. 1-2 F, 2-2 F, 3-2 F) . 4 - Apical portion of median lobe not finger like in ventral view . 6 4. Head narrow and elongate, only slightly wider than long (ratio<1.10) (Fig. 1-1 A); paramere without sensory peg setae (Figs. 1-1 D, 1-2 G) . Ocypus (s. str.) liui sp. nov. - Head distinctly wider than long (ratio>1.20) . 5 5. Aedeagus shaped as in Figs. 3-1 B-C, 3-2 B-D; paramere reaching apex of median lobe . Ocypus (s. str.) pterosemanticus sp. nov. - Aedeagus shaped as in Figs. 2-1 B-C, 2-2 B-D; paramere not reaching apex of median lobe . Ocypus (s. str.) aglaosemanticus sp. nov. 6. Aedeagus with apical portion of median lobe relatively wide, and paramere gradually narrowed towards apex; apical portion of paramere not covering either side of apical portion of median lobe in ventral view (Smetana, 2011, Fig. 8) . Ocypus (s. str.) puetzi Smetana, 2011 - Apical portions of paramere dilated into lancet-shape, or covers left side of apical portion of median lobe. 7 7. Legs uniformly rufobrunneous. Apical portion of both median lobe and paramere dilated into lancet-shape (Smetana, 2007, Fig. 3). Aedeagus as in Smetana, 2007, Figs. 3, 4 . Ocypus (s. str.) umbro Smetana, 2007 - Legs predominantly dark. Apical portions of both median lobe and paramere not dilated into lancet-shape in ventral view . 8 8. Sensory peg setae on underside of paramere moderately numerous, mostly situated on apical portion of paramere, only a few situated on lateral margins (Smetana, 2007, Fig. 13). Aedeagus as in Smetana, 2007, Figs. 11-13. .Ocypus (s. str.) zopyrus Smetana, 2007 - Underside of paramere with numerous sensory peg setae, extending along lateral margins of paramere.. 9 9. Apical portion of paramere relatively narrow; groups of sensory peg setae on left and right margins rather close to each other (Smetana, 2007, Fig.
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