System and Method for Computing Mach Number and True Airspeed
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Airspeed Indicator Calibration
TECHNICAL GUIDANCE MATERIAL AIRSPEED INDICATOR CALIBRATION This document explains the process of calibration of the airspeed indicator to generate curves to convert indicated airspeed (IAS) to calibrated airspeed (CAS) and has been compiled as reference material only. i Technical Guidance Material BushCat NOSE-WHEEL AND TAIL-DRAGGER FITTED WITH ROTAX 912UL/ULS ENGINE APPROVED QRH PART NUMBER: BCTG-NT-001-000 AIRCRAFT TYPE: CHEETAH – BUSHCAT* DATE OF ISSUE: 18th JUNE 2018 *Refer to the POH for more information on aircraft type. ii For BushCat Nose Wheel and Tail Dragger LSA Issue Number: Date Published: Notable Changes: -001 18/09/2018 Original Section intentionally left blank. iii Table of Contents 1. BACKGROUND ..................................................................................................................... 1 2. DETERMINATION OF INSTRUMENT ERROR FOR YOUR ASI ................................................ 2 3. GENERATING THE IAS-CAS RELATIONSHIP FOR YOUR AIRCRAFT....................................... 5 4. CORRECT ALIGNMENT OF THE PITOT TUBE ....................................................................... 9 APPENDIX A – ASI INSTRUMENT ERROR SHEET ....................................................................... 11 Table of Figures Figure 1 Arrangement of instrument calibration system .......................................................... 3 Figure 2 IAS instrument error sample ........................................................................................ 7 Figure 3 Sample relationship between -
Sept. 12, 1950 W
Sept. 12, 1950 W. ANGST 2,522,337 MACH METER Filed Dec. 9, 1944 2 Sheets-Sheet. INVENTOR. M/2 2.7aar alwg,57. A77OAMA). Sept. 12, 1950 W. ANGST 2,522,337 MACH METER Filed Dec. 9, 1944 2. Sheets-Sheet 2 N 2 2 %/ NYSASSESSN S2,222,W N N22N \ As I, mtRumaIII-m- III It's EARAs i RNSITIE, 2 72/ INVENTOR, M247 aeawosz. "/m2.ATTORNEY. Patented Sept. 12, 1950 2,522,337 UNITED STATES ; :PATENT OFFICE 2,522,337 MACH METER Walter Angst, Manhasset, N. Y., assignor to Square D Company, Detroit, Mich., a corpora tion of Michigan Application December 9, 1944, Serial No. 567,431 3 Claims. (Cl. 73-182). is 2 This invention relates to a Mach meter for air plurality of posts 8. Upon one of the posts 8 are craft for indicating the ratio of the true airspeed mounted a pair of serially connected aneroid cap of the craft to the speed of sound in the medium sules 9 and upon another of the posts 8 is in which the aircraft is traveling and the object mounted a diaphragm capsuler it. The aneroid of the invention is the provision of an instrument s: capsules 9 are sealed and the interior of the cas-l of this type for indicating the Mach number of an . ing is placed in communication with the static aircraft in fight. opening of a Pitot static tube through an opening The maximum safe Mach number of any air in the casing, not shown. The interior of the dia craft is the value of the ratio of true airspeed to phragm capsule is connected through the tub the speed of sound at which the laminar flow of ing 2 to the Pitot or pressure opening of the Pitot air over the wings fails and shock Waves are en static tube through the opening 3 in the back countered. -
E6bmanual2016.Pdf
® Electronic Flight Computer SPORTY’S E6B ELECTRONIC FLIGHT COMPUTER Sporty’s E6B Flight Computer is designed to perform 24 aviation functions and 20 standard conversions, and includes timer and clock functions. We hope that you enjoy your E6B Flight Computer. Its use has been made easy through direct path menu selection and calculation prompting. As you will soon learn, Sporty’s E6B is one of the most useful and versatile of all aviation computers. Copyright © 2016 by Sportsman’s Market, Inc. Version 13.16A page: 1 CONTENTS BEFORE USING YOUR E6B ...................................................... 3 DISPLAY SCREEN .................................................................... 4 PROMPTS AND LABELS ........................................................... 5 SPECIAL FUNCTION KEYS ....................................................... 7 FUNCTION MENU KEYS ........................................................... 8 ARITHMETIC FUNCTIONS ........................................................ 9 AVIATION FUNCTIONS ............................................................. 9 CONVERSIONS ....................................................................... 10 CLOCK FUNCTION .................................................................. 12 ADDING AND SUBTRACTING TIME ....................................... 13 TIMER FUNCTION ................................................................... 14 HEADING AND GROUND SPEED ........................................... 15 PRESSURE AND DENSITY ALTITUDE ................................... -
Inflight Data Collection N75-14745 Fob Ride Quality
NASA CR-127492 INFLIGHT DATA COLLECTION FOR RIDE QUALITY AND ATMOSPHERIC TURBULENCE RESEARCH Paul W. Kadlec and Roger G. Buckman Continental Air Lines, Inc. Los Angeles, California 90009 (NASA-CR-127492) INFLIGHT DATA COLLECTION N75-14745 FOB RIDE QUALITY AND ATMOSPHERIC TURBULENCE RESEARCH Final Report (Continental Airlines, Inc.) 57 p HC $4.25 CSCL 01C Unclas ..- - ___G3/0 5 05079 December 1974 Prepared for NASA FLIGHT RESEARCH CENTER P.O. Box 273 Edwards, California 93523 1. Report No. 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient's Catalog No. NASA CR-127492 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date INFLIGHT DATA COLLECTION FOR RIDE QUALITY AND December 1974 ATMOSPHERIC TURBULENCE RESEARCH 6. Performing Organization Code 7. Author(s) 8. Performing Organization Report No. Paul W. Kadlec and Roger G. Buckman 10. Work Unit No. 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 504-29-21 Continental Air Lines, Inc. 11. Contract or Grant No. Los Angeles, California 90009 NAS 4-1982 13. Type of Report and Period Covered 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address Contractor Report - Final National Aeronautics and Space Administration 14. Sponsoring Agency Code Washington, D. C., 20546 H-876 15. Supplementary Notes NASA Technical Monitor: Shu W. Gee 16. Abstract In 1971 Continental Air Lines and the National Center for Atmospheric Research originated a joint program to study the genesis and nature of clear air turbulence. With the support of the NASA Flight Research Center, the program was expanded to include an investigation of the effects of atmospheric turbu- lence on passenger ride quality in a large wide-body commercial aircraft. -
Air Data Computer 8EB3AAA1 DESCRIPTION AMETEK Has Designed a Compact, Solid State Air Data Computer for Military Applications
Air Data Computer 8EB3AAA1 DESCRIPTION AMETEK has designed a compact, solid state Air Data Computer for military applications. The Air Data Computer utilizes a digital signal processor for fast calculation and response of air data parameters. Silicon pressure transducers provide the static and Pitot pressure values and are easily replaced without calibration. The AMETEK Air Data Computer incorporates a unique power supply that allows the unit to operate through 5 second power interrupts when at any input voltage in its operating range. This ensures that critical air data parameters reach the cockpit and control systems under a FEATURES wide variety of conditions. 3 The MIL-STD-1553 interface 40 ms update rate Thirteen (13) different air data parameters are provided on the MIL-STD- 3 11-bit reported pressure 1553B interface and are calculated by the internal processor at a 40 ms rate. altitude interface 3 AOA and total temperature An 11-bit reported pressure altitude interface encoded per FAA order inputs 1010.51A is available for Identification Friend or Foe equipment. 3 Low weight: 2.29 lbs. 3 Small size: 6.81” x 6.0” x 2.5” 3 Low power: 1.5 watts 3 DO-178B level A software AEROSPACE & DEFENSE Air Data Computer 8EB3AAA1 SPECIFICATIONS PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS Air Data Parameters Power: DO-160, Section 16 Cat Z or MIL-STD-704A-F • ADC Altitude Rate Output (Hpp or dHp/dt) 5 second power Interruption immunity at any • True Airspeed Output (Vt) input voltage • Calibrated Airspeed Output (Vc) Power Consumption: 1.5 watts • Indicated Airspeed Output (IAS) Operating Temperature: -55°C to +71°C; 1/2 hour at +90°C • Mach Number Output (Mt) Weight: 2.29 lbs. -
Avidyne PFD & MFD Study Guide
Eric Gideon Avidyne Study Guide 1 of 7 General overview 1. Because we often rely on the MFD for navigational information, we need to make sure that the database is current with the most up-to- date information. 2. Diferences between glass and ‘steam gauge’ cockpits • OAT probe is now located on the underside of the left wing • Standby instruments • Airspeed • Attitude indicator • Altimeter • System is all electric – no vacuum system 3. Data sources • AHRS – Attitude Heading Ref- erence System • This computer collects and gives information to the Attitude Indicator and HSI. • Replaces the gyroscopic vacuum system • ADC – Air Data Computer • This computer collects and gives information to the Airspeed, VSI, and Altimeter. • Replaces the pitot/static system • These 2 computers are located in the PFD and make up the ADAHRS – Air Data and Attitude Heading Reference System • System must be aligned before flight • MFD uses external GPS to receive information for the flight display and position. • Probes get engine data directly. 4. Limitations • The PFD and MFD are not interchangeable and cannot share atti- tude or air data. • Don’t shut them down in flight, or AHRS won’t come back. Eric Gideon Avidyne Study Guide 2 of 7 Primary Flight Display (PFD) The Primary Flight Display is a 10.4 inch color LCD, with one knob and four bezel keys per side. Brightness is controlled with the rocker switch at top right. Attitude and air data – the PFD’s upper half 1. % power tape or tachometer 2. Autopilot Annunciation Area – Displays the autopilot annunciations 3. Airspeed Tape – Indicated airspeed with a range of 20-300 kts. -
16.00 Introduction to Aerospace and Design Problem Set #3 AIRCRAFT
16.00 Introduction to Aerospace and Design Problem Set #3 AIRCRAFT PERFORMANCE FLIGHT SIMULATION LAB Note: You may work with one partner while actually flying the flight simulator and collecting data. Your write-up must be done individually. You can do this problem set at home or using one of the simulator computers. There are only a few simulator computers in the lab area, so not leave this problem to the last minute. To save time, please read through this handout completely before coming to the lab to fly the simulator. Objectives At the end of this problem set, you should be able to: • Take off and fly basic maneuvers using the flight simulator, and describe the relationships between the control yoke and the control surface movements on the aircraft. • Describe pitch - airspeed - vertical speed relationships in gliding performance. • Explain the difference between indicated and true airspeed. • Record and plot airspeed and vertical speed data from steady-state flight conditions. • Derive lift and drag coefficients based on empirical aircraft performance data. Discussion In this lab exercise, you will use Microsoft Flight Simulator 2000/2002 to become more familiar with aircraft control and performance. Also, you will use the flight simulator to collect aircraft performance data just as it is done for a real aircraft. From your data you will be able to deduce performance parameters such as the parasite drag coefficient and L/D ratio. Aircraft performance depends on the interplay of several variables: airspeed, power setting from the engine, pitch angle, vertical speed, angle of attack, and flight path angle. -
Digital Air Data Computer Type Ac32
DIGITAL AIR DATA COMPUTER TYPE AC32 GENERAL THOMMEN is a leading manufacturer of Air Data Systems It also supports the Air Data for enhanced safety and aircraft instruments used worldwide on a full range infrastructure capabilities for Transponders and an ICAO aircraft types from helicopters to corporate turbine aircraft encoded altitude output is also available as an option. and commercial airliners. The AC32 measures barometric altitude, airspeed and temperature in the atmosphere with Its power supply is designed for 28 VDC. The low power integrated vibrating cylinder pressure sensors with high consumption of less than 7 Watts and its low weight of only accuracy and stability for both static and pitot ports. 2.2 Ibs (1000 grams) have been optimized for applications in state-of-the-art avionics suites. The extensive Built-in-Test The THOMMEN AC32 Digital Air Data Computer exceeds FAA capability guarantees safe operation. Technical Standard Order (TSO) and accuracy requirements. The computed air data parameters are transmitted via the The AC32 is designed to be modular which allows easy configurable ARINC 429 data bus. There are two ARINC 429 maintenance by the operator thanks to the RS232 transmit channels and two receive channels with which baro maintenance interface. The THOMMEN AC32 can be confi correction can be accomplished also. gured for different applications and has excellent hosting capabilities for supplying data to next generation equipment The AC32 meets the requirements for multiple platforms for without altering the system architecture. TAWS, ACAS/TCAS, EGPWS or FMS systems. For customized versions please contact THOMMEN AIRCRAFT EQUIPMENT AG sales department. -
Computer Aided Diagnosis of Technical Condition of the Swpl-1 Helmet Mounted Flight Parameters Display System
Journal of KONBiN 3(31)2014 ISSN 1895-8281 DOI 10.2478/jok-2014-0025 COMPUTER AIDED DIAGNOSIS OF TECHNICAL CONDITION OF THE SWPL-1 HELMET MOUNTED FLIGHT PARAMETERS DISPLAY SYSTEM KOMPUTEROWE DIAGNOZOWANIE STANU TECHNICZNEGO SYSTEMU NAHEŁMOWEGO WYŚWIETLANIA PARAMETRÓW LOTU SWPL-1 Sławomir Michalak, Jerzy Borowski, Andrzej Szelmanowski Air Force Institute of Technology e-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Abstract: The paper presents selected results of the work carried out at the Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT) in the scope of computer diagnostic tests of the SWPL-1 Cyklop helmet mounted flight parameters display system. This system has been designed in such a way that it warns the pilot of dangerous situations occurring on board the helicopter and threatening the flight safety (WARN) or faults (FAIL), which inform about a failure in given on-board equipment. The SWPL-1 system has been awarded the Prize of the President of the Republic of Poland during the 17. International Defense Industry Exhibition in Kielce. Keywords: flight parameters display systems, test methods Streszczenie: W artykule przedstawiono wybrane wyniki prac realizowanych w Instytucie Technicznym Wojsk Lotniczych (ITWL) w zakresie komputerowych badań diagnostycznych nahełmowego systemu wyświetlania parametrów lotu SWPL-1 Cyklop. System ten został zaprojektowany w taki sposób, aby alarmować pilota o wystąpieniu na pokładzie śmigłowca sytuacji niebezpiecznych, zagrażających bezpieczeństwu lotu (WARN) lub stanów awaryjnych (FAIL), informujących o niesprawności wybranych urządzeń pokładowych. Zbudowany system SWPL-1 otrzymał Nagrodę Prezydenta RP na XVII Międzynarodowym Salonie Przemysłu Obronnego MSPO’2009 w Kielcach. Słowa kluczowe: systemy wyświetlania parametrów lotu, metody badań 73 Computer aided diagnosis of technical condition of the SWPL-1 helmet mounted.. -
FAHRZEUGTECHNIK Studiengang Flugzeugbau
fachhochschule hamburg FACHBEREICH FAHRZEUGTECHNIK Studiengang Flugzeugbau Berliner Tor 5 D - 20099 Hamburg in Zusammenarbeit mit: University of Limerick Department of Mechanical & Aeronautical Engineering Limerick, Ireland Diplomarbeit - Flugzeugbau - Development of an aircraft performance model for the prediction of trip fuel and trip time for a generic twin engine jet transport aircraft Verfasser: Gerold Straubinger Abgabedatum: 15.03.00 Betreuer: Trevor Young, Lecturer 1. Prüfer: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dieter Scholz, MSME 2. Prüfer: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Hans-Jürgen Flüh Fahrzeugtechnik Abstract This report gives an overview of methods for aircraft performance calculations. After explain- ing the necessary background and the International Standard Atmosphere, it deals with a com- plete mission of a generic twin engine jet transport aircraft, including the required reserves of a diversion. Every part of the mission is considered. This includes climb, cruise, descent and hold. Equations for determining significant parameters of all parts are derived and differences between idealized calculations (based on mathematical performance models) and real ones (based on aircraft flight test data) are explained. A computer program has been written as a macro in Lotus 1-2-3, with data obtained during flights. In the main report simple flowcharts are given to illustrate the methods used. The pro- gram results show the required fuel and the time for an airliner of a certain weight performing a mission with a certain range. In the appendix all data and the flowcharts -
Aviation Glossary
AVIATION GLOSSARY 100-hour inspection – A complete inspection of an aircraft operated for hire required after every 100 hours of operation. It is identical to an annual inspection but may be performed by any certified Airframe and Powerplant mechanic. Absolute altitude – The vertical distance of an aircraft above the terrain. AD - See Airworthiness Directive. ADC – See Air Data Computer. ADF - See Automatic Direction Finder. Adverse yaw - A flight condition in which the nose of an aircraft tends to turn away from the intended direction of turn. Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) – A primary FAA publication whose purpose is to instruct airmen about operating in the National Airspace System of the U.S. A/FD – See Airport/Facility Directory. AHRS – See Attitude Heading Reference System. Ailerons – A primary flight control surface mounted on the trailing edge of an airplane wing, near the tip. AIM – See Aeronautical Information Manual. Air data computer (ADC) – The system that receives and processes pitot pressure, static pressure, and temperature to present precise information in the cockpit such as altitude, indicated airspeed, true airspeed, vertical speed, wind direction and velocity, and air temperature. Airfoil – Any surface designed to obtain a useful reaction, or lift, from air passing over it. Airmen’s Meteorological Information (AIRMET) - Issued to advise pilots of significant weather, but describes conditions with lower intensities than SIGMETs. AIRMET – See Airmen’s Meteorological Information. Airport/Facility Directory (A/FD) – An FAA publication containing information on all airports, seaplane bases and heliports open to the public as well as communications data, navigational facilities and some procedures and special notices. -
Unusual Attitudes and the Aerodynamics of Maneuvering Flight Author’S Note to Flightlab Students
Unusual Attitudes and the Aerodynamics of Maneuvering Flight Author’s Note to Flightlab Students The collection of documents assembled here, under the general title “Unusual Attitudes and the Aerodynamics of Maneuvering Flight,” covers a lot of ground. That’s because unusual-attitude training is the perfect occasion for aerodynamics training, and in turn depends on aerodynamics training for success. I don’t expect a pilot new to the subject to absorb everything here in one gulp. That’s not necessary; in fact, it would be beyond the call of duty for most—aspiring test pilots aside. But do give the contents a quick initial pass, if only to get the measure of what’s available and how it’s organized. Your flights will be more productive if you know where to go in the texts for additional background. Before we fly together, I suggest that you read the section called “Axes and Derivatives.” This will introduce you to the concept of the velocity vector and to the basic aircraft response modes. If you pick up a head of steam, go on to read “Two-Dimensional Aerodynamics.” This is mostly about how pressure patterns form over the surface of a wing during the generation of lift, and begins to suggest how changes in those patterns, visible to us through our wing tufts, affect control. If you catch any typos, or statements that you think are either unclear or simply preposterous, please let me know. Thanks. Bill Crawford ii Bill Crawford: WWW.FLIGHTLAB.NET Unusual Attitudes and the Aerodynamics of Maneuvering Flight © Flight Emergency & Advanced Maneuvers Training, Inc.