Designing a Load Balanced and Highly Available Service Platform

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Designing a Load Balanced and Highly Available Service Platform Examensarbete LITH-ITN-MT-EX--05/058--SE Utformning av en lastbalanserad och högtillgänglig tjänsteplattform Mattias Andersson 2005-11-16 Department of Science and Technology Institutionen för teknik och naturvetenskap Linköpings Universitet Linköpings Universitet SE-601 74 Norrköping, Sweden 601 74 Norrköping LITH-ITN-MT-EX--05/058--SE Utformning av en lastbalanserad och högtillgänglig tjänsteplattform Examensarbete utfört i Medieteknik vid Linköpings Tekniska Högskola, Campus Norrköping Mattias Andersson Handledare Magnus Runesson Examinator Di Yuan Norrköping 2005-11-16 Datum Avdelning, Institution Date Division, Department Institutionen för teknik och naturvetenskap 2005-11-16 Department of Science and Technology Språk Rapporttyp ISBN Language Report category _____________________________________________________ x Svenska/Swedish Examensarbete ISRN LITH-ITN-MT-EX--05/058--SE Engelska/English B-uppsats _________________________________________________________________ C-uppsats Serietitel och serienummer ISSN x D-uppsats Title of series, numbering ___________________________________ _ ________________ _ ________________ URL för elektronisk version Titel Title Utformning av en lastbalanserad och högtillgänglig tjänsteplattform Författare Author Mattias Andersson Sammanfattning Abstract Sveriges meteorologiska och hydrologiska institut (SMHI) har flertalet varningstjänster som via Internet levererar prognoser till myndigheter, som exempelvis räddningsverket (SRV), och allmänhet där det ställs extra höga krav på tillgänglighet. I strävan att öka driftsäkerheten är man på SMHI intresserade av att införa lastbalansering av olika kritiska tjänster. Man ser flertalet fördelar med en sådan lösning, bland annat ökad driftsäkerhet, minskad känslighet för belastningstoppar, ökade möjligheter till service och underhåll av systemen samt ett mindre behov av akutinsatser från systemadministratör. Detta examensarbete har inom SMHI resulterat i ökad förståelsen för olika lastbalanseringsteknikers möjligheter och begränsningar. Vidare har det gett rekommendationer vad gäller införskaffande av lastbalanseringsprodukter samt tagit fram en lösning för enkel serverlastbalansering som skall kunna integreras med SMHI-Linux (SMHI:s standardiserade Linuxplattform med en definierad uppsättning applikationer och verktyg). Den framarbetade lösningen har på prov implementerats tillsammans med den nya webbplattform som är under framtagande. För att undersöka detta systems prestanda, skalbarhet och robusthet har det genomförts ett antal tester. Nyckelord Keyword lastbalansering, högtillgänglighet, lvs, heartbeat Upphovsrätt Detta dokument hålls tillgängligt på Internet – eller dess framtida ersättare – under en längre tid från publiceringsdatum under förutsättning att inga extra- ordinära omständigheter uppstår. Tillgång till dokumentet innebär tillstånd för var och en att läsa, ladda ner, skriva ut enstaka kopior för enskilt bruk och att använda det oförändrat för ickekommersiell forskning och för undervisning. Överföring av upphovsrätten vid en senare tidpunkt kan inte upphäva detta tillstånd. All annan användning av dokumentet kräver upphovsmannens medgivande. För att garantera äktheten, säkerheten och tillgängligheten finns det lösningar av teknisk och administrativ art. Upphovsmannens ideella rätt innefattar rätt att bli nämnd som upphovsman i den omfattning som god sed kräver vid användning av dokumentet på ovan beskrivna sätt samt skydd mot att dokumentet ändras eller presenteras i sådan form eller i sådant sammanhang som är kränkande för upphovsmannens litterära eller konstnärliga anseende eller egenart. För ytterligare information om Linköping University Electronic Press se förlagets hemsida http://www.ep.liu.se/ Copyright The publishers will keep this document online on the Internet - or its possible replacement - for a considerable time from the date of publication barring exceptional circumstances. The online availability of the document implies a permanent permission for anyone to read, to download, to print out single copies for your own use and to use it unchanged for any non-commercial research and educational purpose. Subsequent transfers of copyright cannot revoke this permission. All other uses of the document are conditional on the consent of the copyright owner. The publisher has taken technical and administrative measures to assure authenticity, security and accessibility. According to intellectual property law the author has the right to be mentioned when his/her work is accessed as described above and to be protected against infringement. For additional information about the Linköping University Electronic Press and its procedures for publication and for assurance of document integrity, please refer to its WWW home page: http://www.ep.liu.se/ © Mattias Andersson Utformning av en lastbalanserad och högtillgänglig tjänsteplattform Mattias Andersson Linköping Universitet [email protected] Sammanfattning Sveriges meteorologiska och hydrologiska institut (SMHI) har flertalet varningstjänster som via Internet levererar prognoser till myndigheter, som exempelvis räddningsverket (SRV), och allmänhet där det ställs extra höga krav på tillgänglighet. I strävan att öka driftsäkerheten är man på SMHI intresserade av att införa lastbalansering av olika kritiska tjänster. Man ser flertalet fördelar med en sådan lösning, bland annat ökad driftsäkerhet, minskad känslighet för belastningstoppar, ökade möjligheter till service och underhåll av systemen samt ett mindre behov av akutinsatser från systemadministratör. Detta examensarbete har inom SMHI resulterat i ökad förståelsen för olika lastbalanseringsteknikers möjligheter och begränsningar. Vidare har det gett rekommendationer vad gäller införskaffande av lastbalanseringsprodukter samt tagit fram en lösning för enkel serverlastbalansering som skall kunna integreras med SMHI-Linux (SMHI:s standardiserade Linuxplattform med en definierad uppsättning applikationer och verktyg). Den framarbetade lösningen har på prov implementerats tillsammans med den nya webbplattform som är under framtagande. För att undersöka detta systems prestanda, skalbarhet och robusthet har det genomförts ett antal tester. I Abstract The Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI) have a variety of weather monitoring services that issue warnings and forecasts via the Internet. These services are used by authorities such as The Swedish Rescue Services Agency (SRSA). The services are also offered to the public or anyone that has use for them. In their strive to raise the reliability of their services, SMHI investigate several load balancing options for their most critical services. Many advantages come in hand with such a solution - higher availability, better handling of excessive load and increased level of service and maintenance for all systems, thus lowering the need for emergency response from the system administrator. The purpose of this master thesis is to raise the knowledge of load balancing systems within SMHI. This includes explaining different load balancing techniques and their pros and cons, give recommendations on investment in such products and to give a solution for easy-to-use server load balancing integration with SMHI-Linux (a Linux platform standardized for SMHI with a defined set of applications and tools). The recommended load balancing solution has been implemented on a test basis together with a new web based platform, which is still under development. In order to investigate system performance, scalability and robustness several tests have been conducted. II Förord Efter fyra års studier utgör examensarbetet en övergång från teori till praktik. Inom detta examensarbete har jag fått prova mina kunskaper inom flera olika områden, inte minst datakommunikation och systemutveckling/administration som ligger mig varmt om hjärtat. Detta var möjligt tack vare Tomas Karlssons engagemang som förde mig samman med min uppdragsgivare. Tack Tomas! Examensarbetet har utförts vid Sveriges Meteorologiska och Hydrologiska Institut, SMHI. Under arbetets gång har Magnus Runesson, min handledare på SMHI, varit en helt ovärderlig resurs. Tack för all hjälp och ditt stöd Magnus. Jag vill även passa på att tacka alla på IT-avdelningen och ITi i synnerhet för Ert förtroende och alla uppmuntrande ord på vägen. Ni har gjort min tid hos Er mycket trivsam och lärorik. Ett speciellt tack vill jag även ge till Tom Langborg och Rafael Urrutia för de många intressanta diskussioner vi haft. Avslutningsvis vill jag tacka min examinator Di Yuan och Niclas Andersson, min handledare på Nationellt Superdatorcentrum, för att ni ägnat värdefull tid åt mitt examensarbete. Sist men inte minst ett stort tack till mina vänner för Ert ständiga stöd. TACK! Mattias Andersson Oktober 2005 III Innehållsförteckning 1 INLEDNING................................................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 SYFTE ........................................................................................................................................................ 1 1.2 RAPPORTENS MÅLGRUPP OCH STRUKTUR .................................................................................................. 1 1.3 SVERIGES METEOROLOGISKA OCH HYDROLOGISKA INSTITUT.................................................................... 1 1.3.1 ELIN...............................................................................................................................................
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