Belize Harpy Eagle Restoration Program - the Belize Zoo
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Belize—A Last Stronghold for Manatees in the Caribbean
Belize—a last stronghold for manatees in the Caribbean Thomas J. O'Shea and Charles A. 'Lex' Salisbury Belize is a small country but it offers a safe haven for the largest number of manatees in the Caribbean. The authors' survey in 1989 revealed that there has been no apparent decline since the last study in 1977. However, there is no evidence for population growth either and as the Belize economy develops threats from fisheries, human pressure and declining habitat quality will increase. Recommendations are made to ensure that Belize safeguards its manatee populations. Introduction extensive (Figure 1): straight-line distance from the Rio Hondo at the northern border The West Indian manatee Trichechus manatus with Mexico to the Rio Sarstoon at the is listed as endangered by the US Fish and Guatemala boundary is about 290 km. Wildlife Service and as vulnerable to extinc- However, studies reported 10-20 years ago tion by the International Union for suggested that manatee populations may have Conservation of Nature and Natural been high in Belize relative to other Resources (IUCN) (Thornback and Jenkins, Caribbean-bordering countries (Charnock- 1982). A long-lived, slowly reproducing, her- Wilson, 1968, 1970; Charnock-Wilson et al, bivorous marine mammal, the West Indian 1974; Bengtson and Magor, 1979). Despite manatee inhabits coastal waters and slow- Belize's possible importance for manatees, moving rivers of the tropical and subtropical additional status surveys have not been western Atlantic. This species first became attempted there since 1977 (Bengtson and known in Europe from records made in the Magor, 1979). We made aerial counts of mana- Caribbean on the voyages of Christopher tees over selected areas in May 1989, and dis- Columbus (Baughman, 1946). -
Bald Eagles 101 Name ______
Bald Eagles 101 Name __________________________ Go to the Science Spot (http://sciencespot.net/) and click “Kid Zone” to find the link for the “Links for Eagle Days” page! Site: Eagles to the Nest Click “Lesson 1: Bald Eagles 101” and choose “Who Are They?” 1. How many species of eagles are found around the world? _________ 2. The term raptor comes from the Latin word for ________________, which stems from the term “rapture” meaning “____ _________ _____ _________ ________.” 3. Search the page to find the answers to each question. 1st Group - Sea and Fish Eagles (1) How many species belong to this group? ______ (2) Where do they live? _________________________________________________________ (3) What do they like to eat? ____________________________________________________ 2nd Group - Snake Eagles (1) How many species belong to this group? ______ (2) What do they eat? _________________________________________________________ (3) Where can you find these eagles? ___________________________________________ 3rd Group - Harpy Eagles (1) How many species belong to this group? ______ (2) Where do they live? _________________________________________________________ (3) What do they eat? __________________________________________________________ 4th Group - Booted Eagles (1) What do they eat? __________________________________________________________ (2) What one characteristic do all booted eagles have in common? _______________ ___________________________________________________________________________ Identify each eagle by its group using SF for Sea and Fish eagles, S for Snake eagles, H for Harpy eagles, and B for Booted eagles. _____ American Bald Eagle _____ Harpy Eagle _____ Golden Eagle _____ Bateleur _____ Crested Serpent Eagle _____ Steller’s Sea Eagle _____ Black Solitary Eagle _____ Ayres’ Hawk Eagle 4. Where are bald eagles found? ______________________________________________________ 5. Which is larger: a female or male bald eagle? ______________________________________ 6. -
A Multi-Gene Phylogeny of Aquiline Eagles (Aves: Accipitriformes) Reveals Extensive Paraphyly at the Genus Level
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com MOLECULAR SCIENCE•NCE /W\/Q^DIRI DIRECT® PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION ELSEVIER Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 35 (2005) 147-164 www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev A multi-gene phylogeny of aquiline eagles (Aves: Accipitriformes) reveals extensive paraphyly at the genus level Andreas J. Helbig'^*, Annett Kocum'^, Ingrid Seibold^, Michael J. Braun^ '^ Institute of Zoology, University of Greifswald, Vogelwarte Hiddensee, D-18565 Kloster, Germany Department of Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, 4210 Silver Hill Rd., Suitland, MD 20746, USA Received 19 March 2004; revised 21 September 2004 Available online 24 December 2004 Abstract The phylogeny of the tribe Aquilini (eagles with fully feathered tarsi) was investigated using 4.2 kb of DNA sequence of one mito- chondrial (cyt b) and three nuclear loci (RAG-1 coding region, LDH intron 3, and adenylate-kinase intron 5). Phylogenetic signal was highly congruent and complementary between mtDNA and nuclear genes. In addition to single-nucleotide variation, shared deletions in nuclear introns supported one basal and two peripheral clades within the Aquilini. Monophyly of the Aquilini relative to other birds of prey was confirmed. However, all polytypic genera within the tribe, Spizaetus, Aquila, Hieraaetus, turned out to be non-monophyletic. Old World Spizaetus and Stephanoaetus together appear to be the sister group of the rest of the Aquilini. Spiza- stur melanoleucus and Oroaetus isidori axe nested among the New World Spizaetus species and should be merged with that genus. The Old World 'Spizaetus' species should be assigned to the genus Nisaetus (Hodgson, 1836). The sister species of the two spotted eagles (Aquila clanga and Aquila pomarina) is the African Long-crested Eagle (Lophaetus occipitalis). -
Taphonomic Aspects of Crowned Hawk-Eagle Predation on Monkeys
Journal of Human Evolution 44 (2003) 87–105 Taphonomic Aspects of Crowned Hawk-Eagle Predation on Monkeys William J. Sandersa*, Josh Trapania,b, John C. Mitanic a Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan, 1109 Geddes Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1079, USA b Department of Geological Sciences, University of Michigan, 2534 C.C. Little Building, 425 E. University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1063, USA c Department of Anthropology, University of Michigan, 500 South State Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1382, USA Received 24 January 2002; accepted 11 November 2002 Abstract This study provides a taphonomic analysis of prey accumulations of crowned hawk-eagles (Stephanoaetus coronatus) from Ngogo, Kibale National Park, Uganda, collected over 37 months from below nests of two eagle pairs. Crowned hawk-eagles are powerful predators capable of killing animals much larger than themselves, and are significant predators of cercopithecoid monkeys in forest habitats throughout sub-Saharan Africa. At Ngogo, 81% of the individuals in the kill sample are monkeys. Redtail monkeys (Cercopithecus ascanius) are particularly well represented in the sample, making up 66% of monkeys identified to species. Despite an impressive killing apparatus, crowned hawk-eagles are fastidious eaters that inflict far less damage to bone than mammalian predators. Examination of skeletal material from the Ngogo kill sample reveals that crania, hindlimb elements, and scapulae survive predation better than do other bones. Crania of adults are typically complete and accompanied by mandibles, while crania of young individuals are usually dissociated from mandibles and lack basicrania and faces. Long bones are often whole or show minimal damage. Thin bones, such as crania and innominates, are marked by numerous nicks, punctures, and “can-opener” perforations. -
Curiosity Killed the Bird: Arbitrary Hunting of Harpy Eagles Harpia
Cotinga30-080617:Cotinga 6/17/2008 8:11 AM Page 12 Cotinga 30 Curiosity killed the bird: arbitrary hunting of Harpy Eagles Harpia harpyja on an agricultural frontier in southern Brazilian Amazonia Cristiano Trapé Trinca, Stephen F. Ferrari and Alexander C. Lees Received 11 December 2006; final revision accepted 4 October 2007 Cotinga 30 (2008): 12–15 Durante pesquisas ecológicas na fronteira agrícola do norte do Mato Grosso, foram registrados vários casos de abate de harpias Harpia harpyja por caçadores locais, motivados por simples curiosidade ou sua intolerância ao suposto perigo para suas criações domésticas. A caça arbitrária de harpias não parece ser muito freqüente, mas pode ter um impacto relativamente grande sobre as populações locais, considerando sua baixa densidade, e também para o ecossistema, por causa do papel ecológico da espécie, como um predador de topo. Entre as possíveis estratégias mitigadoras, sugere-se utilizar a harpia como espécie bandeira para o desenvolvimento de programas de conservação na região. With adult female body weights of up to 10 kg, The study was conducted in the municipalities Harpy Eagles Harpia harpyja (Fig. 1) are the New of Alta Floresta (09º53’S 56º28’W) and Nova World’s largest raptors, and occur in tropical forests Bandeirantes (09º11’S 61º57’W), in northern Mato from Middle America to northern Argentina4,14,17,22. Grosso, Brazil. Both are typical Amazonian They are relatively sensitive to anthropogenic frontier towns, characterised by immigration from disturbance and are among the first species to southern and eastern Brazil, and ongoing disappear from areas colonised by humans. fragmentation of the original forest cover. -
Estimations Relative to Birds of Prey in Captivity in the United States of America
ESTIMATIONS RELATIVE TO BIRDS OF PREY IN CAPTIVITY IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA by Roger Thacker Department of Animal Laboratories The Ohio State University Columbus, Ohio 43210 Introduction. Counts relating to birds of prey in captivity have been accomplished in some European countries; how- ever, to the knowledge of this author no such information is available in the United States of America. The following paper consistsof data related to this subject collected during 1969-1970 from surveys carried out in many different direc- tions within this country. Methods. In an attempt to obtain as clear a picture as pos- sible, counts were divided into specific areas: Research, Zoo- logical, Falconry, and Pet Holders. It became obvious as the project advanced that in some casesthere was overlap from one area to another; an example of this being a falconer working with a bird both for falconry and research purposes. In some instances such as this, the author has used his own judgment in placing birds in specific categories; in other in- stances received information has been used for this purpose. It has also become clear during this project that a count of "pets" is very difficult to obtain. Lack of interest, non-coop- eration, or no available information from animal sales firms makes the task very difficult, as unfortunately, to obtain a clear dispersal picture it is from such sourcesthat informa- tion must be gleaned. However, data related to the importa- tion of birds' of prey as recorded by the Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife is included, and it is felt some observa- tions can be made from these figures. -
Read Ebook {PDF EPUB} the Last Flight of the Scarlet Macaw One Woman's Fight to Save the World's Most Beautiful Bird by Br the Last Flight of the Scarlet Macaw
Read Ebook {PDF EPUB} The Last Flight of the Scarlet Macaw One Woman's Fight to Save the World's Most Beautiful Bird by Br The Last Flight of the Scarlet Macaw. The world’s #1 eTextbook reader for students. VitalSource is the leading provider of online textbooks and course materials. More than 15 million users have used our Bookshelf platform over the past year to improve their learning experience and outcomes. With anytime, anywhere access and built-in tools like highlighters, flashcards, and study groups, it’s easy to see why so many students are going digital with Bookshelf. titles available from more than 1,000 publishers. customer reviews with an average rating of 9.5. digital pages viewed over the past 12 months. institutions using Bookshelf across 241 countries. The Last Flight of the Scarlet Macaw One Woman's Fight to Save the World's Most Beautiful Bird by Bruce Barcott and Publisher Random House. Save up to 80% by choosing the eTextbook option for ISBN: 9781588368003, 1588368009. The print version of this textbook is ISBN: 9780812973136, 0812973135. The Last Flight of the Scarlet Macaw One Woman's Fight to Save the World's Most Beautiful Bird by Bruce Barcott and Publisher Random House. Save up to 80% by choosing the eTextbook option for ISBN: 9781588368003, 1588368009. The print version of this textbook is ISBN: 9780812973136, 0812973135. Sharon Matola obituary. In 1983, after a wildlife film-making project she was working on fell apart, Sharon Matola found herself in Belize, Central America, with a menagerie of homeless native creatures. -
The Harpy Eagle in Colorado.-- in November,1902, the Followingskit Appearedin One of the Denver Daily Papers (Probablythe Republican)
Vol.1918 XXXV] I GeneralNotes. 77 Accordinglyhe saved only the head and right wing, and on January 8 broughtthem to the writer at Floyd'sIsland in OkefinokeeSwamp. These parts, which were preserved for the U.S. Biological Survey collection, readily establishthe identity of the bird as Melopelia asiatica asiatica. This constitutesapparently the first recordof the speciesin Georgia.-- FaAmc•sHAaPEa, Washington, D.C. The Harpy Eagle in Colorado.-- In November,1902, the followingskit appearedin one of the Denver daily papers (probablythe Republican). "First Harpy eagle found in Colorado- Owner will make his the Only Mounted SpecimenKnown in United States. Pueblo, Colo., Nov. 29.-- (Special). What is thought is the first specimenof the Harpy Eagle ever met with in Colorado has been sent to Capt. W. F. Dortenbach of this city by George H. Cress of Lees, Colo. It measures7 feet, 11 inches, from tip to tip, and 42 inches, from beak to tail. It weighs 30 pounds. 'The bird is of a speciesexceedingly rare. So far as is known there are no mounted specimensin the country. The Smithsonian institute at Washington has several skins. The captain will at once mount the speci- men, and will communicatewith the leadingornithologists of the country." The undersignedsent a letter to Capt. Dortenbach, asking for further data concerningthis newspapernote and receivedthe followingreply:-- "Pueblo, Colo., Feb. 9. 1903. Dr. W. H. Bergtold, 624 14th St., Denver. Dear Sir: Your favor of Feb. 2nd to hand. The Eagle of which you saw a note in the paperssome time agois still in my possession.Its identificationwas by myselfbut I only have CouesKey to North AmericanBirds and as it is quite old it may be somewhatfaulty. -
Possible Scavenging Behavior in Ornate Hawk-Eagle (Spizaetus Ornatus) in Amazonas, Brazil
See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281875353 Possible scavenging behavior in Ornate Hawk-Eagle (Spizaetus ornatus) in Amazonas, Brazil Article in Revista Brasileira de Ornitologia · March 2014 CITATIONS READS 2 174 2 authors: Sam E.I. Jones Leejiah Jonathan Dorward Royal Holloway, University of London University of Oxford 21 PUBLICATIONS 100 CITATIONS 11 PUBLICATIONS 251 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Resolving the links between poverty and rule-breaking in a conservation context View project All content following this page was uploaded by Leejiah Jonathan Dorward on 28 November 2016. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. Revista Brasileira de Ornitologia, 22(1), 27-31 ARTICLE March 2014 Possible scavenging behavior in Ornate Hawk-Eagle (Spizaetus ornatus) in Amazonas, Brazil 1,2 1 Samuel Edmond Idris Jones and Leejiah Jonathon Dorward 1 Department of Life Sciences (Division of Ecology and Evolution), Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, SL5 7PY, United Kingdom 2 Corresponding author: [email protected] (Phone: +44 (0)7795 624669) ABSTRACT: We provide documentation of the first observations of interactions with carrion in the Ornate Hawk-Eagle (Spizaetus ornatus), a species formerly assumed only to prey on live food items. During fieldwork in RESEX Médio-Juruá reserve, in Amazonas, Brazil, in June-August 2009, images were captured by remote camera traps of an Ornate Hawk-Eagle interacting with a cattle femur, indicating possible scavenging behavior. Additionally, apparent investigatory behavior was also recorded in Slate-colored Hawk (Buteogallus schistaceus), a previously unrecorded behavior for the species. -
Status of the Large Forest Eagles of Belize
Birds of Prey Bull. No. 3 (1986) Status of the large Forest Eagles of Belize Jack Clinton-Eitniear INTRODUCTION AND COUNTRY PROFILE Belize (formerly British Honduras) is located in northern Central America, bordered by Mexico on the north and Guatemala to the west and south. It is the second smallest (22,963 km2) country on the western hemisphere mainland. Including territorial waters in the Caribbean Seaj Belize's geographic co-ordinates are Ì5"53' to 18°30' N latitude and 87 15' to 89° 15' W longitude (Hartshorn et al., 1984). According to the Holdridge Life Zone system (Holdridge, 1947) most of Belize falls into the subtropical category. Tropical Moist and Tropical Wet zones do exist in the central and southern coastal areas. In total Belize has ove2r 15,812 km? of closed broadleaf forest (FAO 1978) of which 9,653 km is in permanent forest reserves or unreserved state land. Its 0.125 million inhabitants (Meyers 1980) are concentrated in a few major cities along its four major highways. Five species of eagles or hawk-eagles inhabit Belize with an additional species, Morphnus guianensis, possibly occurring within the country as its presence in nearby Guatemala has been documented (Ellis & Whaley, 1981). The following represents our current knowledge as to the status of Harpyhaliaetus solitarius, Harpia harpyja, Spizastur inelanoleucus, Spizaetus ornatus and Spizaetus tyrannus in BelTze. Black Solitary Eagle (Harpyhaliaetus solitarius) Inhabiting forested mountain slopes from south-eastern Sonora to Chiapas, Mexico, and throughout Central America to Venezuela and Peru (Peterson & Chalif 1973), the species is considered "little known" by Brown (1976) and "insufficiently known" by Meyburg (1986). -
Annual Report
Darwin Initiative Annual Report Important note: To be completed with reference to the Reporting Guidance Notes for Project Leaders – it is expected that this report will be about 10 pages in length, excluding annexes Submission deadline 30 April 2009 Darwin Project Information Project Ref Number 17-012 Project Title Belize large-mammal corridor project Country(ies) Belize UK Contract Holder Institution University of Southampton Host country Partner Institution(s) Panthera, University of Belize, Belize Forest Department Other Partner Institution(s) n/a Darwin Grant Value £173,989 Start/End dates of Project 1st April 2009 to 31st July 2012 Reporting period (1 Apr 200x to 31 1st April 2009 to 31st March 2012, first Annual Report Mar 200y) and annual report number (1,2,3..) Project Leader Name Dr C. Patrick Doncaster Project website http://darwin.defra.gov.uk/project/17012/ http://www.belizewildliferesearch.com/index_files/Page972. htm Author(s) and main contributors, date C. P. Doncaster, B. Harmsen, R. Foster 1. Project Background This project has a three-fold purpose: (i) to plan a workable natural corridor to connect protected areas in Belize; (ii) to implement this into the framework of existing protected areas and zoning plans of Belize; (iii) to establish an in-country tradition of training skills for Belizeans to study their own wildlife. 1 Annual Report 17-012 Belize large-mammal corridor project Fig. 1. Map of Belize showing the area (red) within which the natural corridor route will be identified to link existing protected areas (green). 2 Annual Report 17-012 Belize large-mammal corridor project 2. -
Harpy Eagle Shot a Rare Harpy Eagle, Equipped with a Transmitter Aspart of a Project to Research Habitat Use Discovered the Bird
transmittersinThe Peregrine Whistling-DuckAlert Ftmd'sHarpy Eagle program, TheWest Indian Whistling- wasbeing tracked by biologists Duck has been targeted for viasatellites and computers. conservationefforts by the TheHarpy Eagle is vulnera- RARECenter for tropical con- blebecause of its low repro- servation. The rarest antid in ductionrate, which includes North America was once com- oneof the longest rearing peri- monthroughout the Bahamas odsof any raptor. After the andGreater Antilles. Today it productionof a chick,a Harpy is reducedto small,scattered, maynot attempt to renest for relictpopulations. Efforts at upto threeyears while raising establishingprotection itsyoung. Two-year-old throughoutitsdozen-nation Harpies,such as the one killed, rangeare underway. The West arestill dependent upon adults IndianWhisding-Duck isthe for food. largestof thewodd's eight whistling-duckspecies. DivingDucks' Delight Therapid and extensive spreadof Zebra Mussels in the GreatLakes region could affect thedistribution of diving ducks,according to a studyon HarpyEagle Shot elanNational Guard troops Lake Erie in Ontario. The A rareHarpy Eagle, equipped discoveredthe bird being invasionof theEuropean mol- witha transmitteraspart of a skinnedby individuals who lusk,presumably brought to projectto research habitat use nowface charges under a new NorthAmerica in shipballast of thepowerful raptor species, environmental law in that water,has caught the eye of was shot in the mountains of country.The eagle, one of five worriedbiologists concerned Venezuelarecendy.