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Catherine Cesarsky, French Astrophysicist Astrophysics Is An
PROFILE - Catherine Cesarsky, French astrophysicist Astrophysics is an interdisciplinary branch of astronomy which mainly concerns the physics and study of the properties of objects in the universe (e.g. stars, planets, galaxies, interstellar medium), such as their luminosity, density, temperature and chemical composition, their formation and evolution. This field of research is a pillar of Franco-Swedish cooperation since astronomy and astrophysics is the second most important area of joint publications (after physics) between France and Sweden with more than 2,700 publications over the period 2010-2020. Over the years, French and Swedish astronomers have found reasons to cooperate in numerous programmes on the ground and in space, both on stars and their composition and on the interstellar medium, nebulae and galaxies. We had the pleasure of meeting a leading figure in this field and a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences since 2005, Catherine Cesarsky. Read our interview below. You have a doctorate in astronomy from Harvard University, you did a post-doctorate at the California Institute of Technology, one of the largest research centres in astronomy, before returning to France and becoming a researcher in 1974 in the Astrophysics Department of the CEA in Saclay. Today you are President of the international project office for the construction of the world's largest radio telescope, SKA ("Square Kilometer Array"). What led you to take an interest in galaxies and more particularly in the origin and propagation of cosmic rays? These things often happen by chance. I was looking for a thesis supervisor when I was a student at Harvard University and I was lucky enough to meet an astrophysicist and plasma physicist from Princeton at a congress who offered me a summer job on cosmic rays. -
32Nd Saas-Fee Course 2002
IAU Executive Committee P r e s i d e n t V i c e -P r e s i d e n t s Silvia Torres-Peimbert Instituto Astronomia Franco Pacini Catherine J. Cesarsky Dpto di Astronomia UNAM Director General, ESO Apt 70 264 Universitá degli Studi Karl Schwarzschildstr. 2 Largo E. Fermi 5 Mexico DF 04510, Mexico DE 85748 Garching, Tel: 52 5 622 3906 IT 50125 Firenze, Italy Germany Tel: 39 055 27521/2232 Fax: 52 5 616 0653 Tel: 49 893 200 6227 [email protected] Fax: 39 055 22 0039 Fax: 49 893 202 362 [email protected] [email protected] Robert E. Williams P r e s i d e n t -E l e c t STScI Norio Kaifu Homewood Campus Ronald D. Ekers Director General, NAO 3700 San Martin Dr CSIRO, ATNF Osawa, Mitaka US Baltimore MD 21218 Box 76 JP Tokyo 181- 8588, Japan USA AU Epping NSW 1710 Tel: 81 422 34 3650 Tel: 1 410 338 4963 Australia Fax: 81 422 34 3690 Fax: 1 410 338 2617 Tel: 61 2 9372 4300 [email protected] [email protected] Fax: 61 2 9372 4310 [email protected] Nikolay S. Kardashev A d v i s e r s Astro Space Center G e n e r a l S e c r e t a r y Lebedev Physical Institute Robert P. Kraft (Past President) Hans Rickman Academy of Sciences Profsojuznaya ul 84/32 Lick Observatory IAU RU 117810 Moscow University of California 98 bis Blvd Arago Russian Federation US Santa Cruz CA 95064 FR 75014 Paris, France Tel: 7 095 333 2378 USA Tel: 33 1 43 25 8358 Fax: 7 095 333 2378 Fax: 1 831 426 3115 Fax: 33 1 43 25 2616 or 7 095 310 7023 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Johannes Andersen H o m e I n s t i t u t e Kenneth A. -
Sixty Years of Australia in Space
Journal & Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales, vol. 153, part 1, 2020, pp. 46–57. ISSN 0035-9173/20/010046-12 Sixty years of Australia in space Kerrie Dougherty Space Humanities Department, International Space University, Strasbourg, France Email: [email protected] Abstract Australia’s involvement in space activities commenced in 1957, at the beginning of the Space Age, with space tracking and sounding rocket launches at Woomera. By 1960, Australia was considered one of the leading space-active nations and in 1967 became one of the earliest countries to launch its own satellite. Yet by 1980, Australia’s space prominence had dwindled, with the country lacking both a national space agency and a coherent national space policy. Despite attempts in the latter part of the 1980s to develop an Australian space industry, the lack of a coherent and consistent national space policy and an effective co-ordinating body, left Australia constantly “punching below its weight” in global space activities until the Twenty First Century. This paper will briefly examine the often-contradictory history of Australian space activities from 1957 to the announcement of the Australian Space Agency in 2017, providing background and context for the later papers in this issue. Introduction Launchpad: the Woomera or 60,000 years the Indigenous people of Rocket Range FAustralia have looked to the sky, using “If the Woomera Range did not already exist, the stars to determine their location, find the proposal that Australia should engage in their way across the land and mark the a program of civil space research would be passage of the seasons and the best times unrealistic”. -
Neutron Stars: Introduction
Neutron Stars: Introduction Stephen Eikenberry 16 Jan 2018 Original Ideas - I • May 1932: James Chadwick discovers the neutron • People knew that n u clei w ere not protons only (nuclear mass >> mass of protons) • Rutherford coined the name “neutron” to describe them (thought to be p+ e- pairs) • Chadwick identifies discrete particle and shows mass is greater than p+ (by 0.1%) • Heisenberg shows that neutrons are not p+ e- pairs Original Ideas - II • Lev Landau supposedly suggested the existence of neutron stars the night he heard of neutrons • Yakovlev et al (2012) show that he in fact discussed dense stars siiltimilar to a gi ant nucl eus BEFORE neutron discovery; this was immediately adapted to “t“neutron s t”tars” Original Ideas - III • 1934: Walter Baade and Fritz Zwicky suggest that supernova eventtttts may create neutron stars • Why? • Suppg(ernovae have huge (but measured) energies • If NS form from normal stars, then the gravitational binding energy gets released • ESN ~ star … Original Ideas - IV • Late 1930s: Oppenheimer & Volkoff develop first theoretical models and calculations of neutron star structure • WldhWould have con tidbttinued, but WWII intervened (and Oppenheimer was busy with other things ) • And that is how things stood for about 30 years … Little Green Men - I • Cambridge experiment with dipole antennae to map cosmic radio sources • PI: Anthony Hewish; grad students included Jocelyn Bell Little Green Men - II • August 1967: CP 1919 discovered in the radio survey • Nov ember 1967: Bell notices pulsations at P =1.337s -
Global Exploration Roadmap
The Global Exploration Roadmap January 2018 What is New in The Global Exploration Roadmap? This new edition of the Global Exploration robotic space exploration. Refinements in important role in sustainable human space Roadmap reaffirms the interest of 14 space this edition include: exploration. Initially, it supports human and agencies to expand human presence into the robotic lunar exploration in a manner which Solar System, with the surface of Mars as • A summary of the benefits stemming from creates opportunities for multiple sectors to a common driving goal. It reflects a coordi- space exploration. Numerous benefits will advance key goals. nated international effort to prepare for space come from this exciting endeavour. It is • The recognition of the growing private exploration missions beginning with the Inter- important that mission objectives reflect this sector interest in space exploration. national Space Station (ISS) and continuing priority when planning exploration missions. Interest from the private sector is already to the lunar vicinity, the lunar surface, then • The important role of science and knowl- transforming the future of low Earth orbit, on to Mars. The expanded group of agencies edge gain. Open interaction with the creating new opportunities as space agen- demonstrates the growing interest in space international science community helped cies look to expand human presence into exploration and the importance of coopera- identify specific scientific opportunities the Solar System. Growing capability and tion to realise individual and common goals created by the presence of humans and interest from the private sector indicate and objectives. their infrastructure as they explore the Solar a future for collaboration not only among System. -
CSIRO Annual Report 2000-01
CSIRO 2000 - 2001 Annual Report CSIRO Annual Report 2000-2001 www.csiro.au CSIRO – the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation - is one of the largest and most diverse scientific institutions in the world. It has a staff of over 6 000 located at 60 sites throughout Australia. CSIRO is an independent statutory authority constituted and operating under the provisions of the Science and Industry Research Act 1949 and the Commonwealth Authorities and Companies Act 1997. Enquiries Tel 1300 363 400 Email [email protected] Web www.csiro.au csiro annual report 00-01 [i] csiro annual report 00-01 [ii] Letter of Transmittal >> Senator The Honourable Nick Minchin Minister for Industry, Science and Resources Parliament House CANBERRA ACT 2600 We have pleasure in submitting to you, for presentation to Parliament, the fifty-third Annual Report of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation. This report has been prepared in compliance with the requirements of the Science and Industry Research Act 1949 and the Commonwealth Authorities and Companies Act 1997. We commend the Organisation’s achievements to you. D Charles K Allen, AO Geoff G Garrett Chairman of the Board Chief Executive September 2001 letter of transmittal csiro annual report 00-01 [iii] Board resolution >> The 2000-01 CSIRO Annual Report has been approved for presentation to the Minister for Science, Industry and Resources. Signed this 3rd day of September 2001 in accordance with a resolution of the Board Members. D Charles K Allen, AO Geoff G Garrett -
SPACE EXPLORATION SYMPOSIUM (A3) Space Exploration Overview (1)
68th International Astronautical Congress 2017 Paper ID: 36776 oral SPACE EXPLORATION SYMPOSIUM (A3) Space Exploration Overview (1) Author: Dr. Ed Kruzins Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Centre, Australia, [email protected] DEEP SPACE EXPLORATION AND AUSTRALIA'S ROLE THROUGH THE CANBERRA DEEP SPACE COMMUNICATION COMPLEX Abstract For over 5 decades, the Canberra Space Communications Complex (CDSCC) managed by the Com- monwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) has been the leading Australian ground station facility for the US Deep Space Network (DSN). In collaboration with NASA JPL and sister stations in Spain and the USA, CDSCC tracks more than 40 International spacecraft to every planet in the solar system through the robotic science exploration missions of NASA, ESA, JAXA and other international space agencies. From the first Pioneer and Voyager missions to visit the outer planets and fly through the then unchartered Asteroid Belt to the Dawn missions exploration of Vesta and Ceres, to the Spirit, Opportunity and 2012 Curiosity rover landing on the Martian planet, CDSCC has provided a critical node to planetary scientists as they explore deep space. Among the hundreds of successful missions supported, CDSCC was global prime for the Galileo mission as the European Space Agency's Huygens probe descended towards the surface of Saturn's largest moon, Titan. In 2010 CDSCC provided support to the JAXA Hyabusa mission as it re-entered over Australia and in 2015 was a key downlink station for the New Horizons Pluto Charon flyby providing the first ever detailed images of Pluto. This paper will discuss the key role that this NASA-JPL-CSIRO Australian ground station continues to play in robotic solar system exploration, the important science diplomacy achieved and the future place Australia has through CDSCC and the DSN, in manned space flight. -
Embracing Astrobiology
First Words Embracing astrobiology ‘Astrobiology’ is a term popularised in inspiration to us all. I know from 1998 by a decision of the US space agency experience that it is an effective way to NASA to establish the NASA Astrobiology attract good students into science and Institute (NAI). The then Administrator engineering. Aren’t these things we of NASA, Daniel Goldin, declared that should be doing to build a ‘clever country’? “biology will be the science of the 21st To many of us, the only way forward century”. seems to be to build astrobiology, space The NAI was established to promote science and space exploration programs research aimed at gaining a fundamental from the ground up. There has been no understanding of the full potential of living significant Commonwealth Government systems. Its goal is to understand how life action for decades, and constant lobbying begins and evolves, whether life exists has achieved little. In my opinion, the elsewhere in the universe, and what the way to go is to foster and coordinate the Malcolm Walter future holds for life on Earth and beyond. specialist expertise we have, rather than While such broadly interdisciplinary Director, Australian Centre for Astrobiology attempting something grandiose. Biotechnology Research Institute research is not entirely new, the NAI was to Macquarie University NSW 2109 I may be proven wrong, but I do not give it new vigour and new resources. And Tel: (02) 9850 8354 foresee a long-term role for Australia in it has. Fax (02) 9850 8248 launching space vehicles. However, I do E-mail: [email protected] Australia and New Zealand are well-placed Website: http://aca.mq.edu.au see Australian scientists designing and to play a major role in this field. -
Pulsars,Magnetars and Fast Radio Bursts
Pulsars,Magnetars and Fast Radio Bursts: Roger Blandford KIPAC Stanford 30 xi 2017 CPT 1 Charles Messier 30 xi 2017 CPT 2 Sam Okoye discovers compact radio source 30 xi 2017 CPT 3 Franco Pacini predicts Crab Nebula Powered by Neutron Star 30 xi 2017 CPT 4 Jocelyn Bell Discovers Pulsars 30 xi 2017 CPT 5 Neutron Stars •~10 km radius •Giant nucleus; 1057 neutrons •Magnetic field ~ 1012 Gauss •Superfluidity •Superconductivity •Thick crust •Shallow ocean 30 xi 2017 CPT 6 Crab Pulsar 30 xi 2017 CPT to 400 GeV7 ! Millisecond Pulsars • Rapidly spinning pulsars • 1 day -> 1-10 milliseconds! • Fastest 716 Hz F5# • Weak magnetic field • One has planets • Many in globular clusters • Recycled and spun up 30 xi 2017 CPT 8 Binary Pulsars •Hulse-Taylor binary pulsar •Tests of general relativity •Gravitational radiation •Double pulsar •Two pulsars; now just one •Triple pulsar •Principle of Equivalence 30 xi 2017 CPT 9 GW 170817, GBM 170817A – BNS! Binary neutron star 30 xi 2017 CPT 10 combined mass - 2.73-2.78 Msun Validated Conjectures-Discovery Space Cosmography Background Nucleosynthesis Jet formation Nuclear physics Stellar evolution Relativistic shocks GR works Tests of GR SGRB=BNS … Heavy elements Distances g-rays beamed Wave30 xi 2017speed =c CPT 11 Pulsar Timing Array •LIGO gravitational waves •Directly •Wavelengths ~ 1000 km •Timing pulsars •Wavelengths ~ light years 30 xi 2017 CPT 12 Crab Nebula Spectrum TeV Synchrotron Radiation Compton Scattering 30 xi 2017 Radio CPT Gamma Rays 13 Flaring behavior Buehler et al April 2011 Power~1029W Singular -
PHILIP GORDON JUDGE CURRICULUM VITAE March 2015
PHILIP GORDON JUDGE CURRICULUM VITAE March 2015 SUMMARY INFORMATION Occupation NCAR Senior Scientist (equivalent to Full Professor) Current address 3712 Oakwood Drive, Longmont CO 80503 Phone (+1)3037759863 Email [email protected] Homepage http://people.hao.ucar.edu/judge/homepage/ EDUCATION Degrees B.A. (Physics) Oxford University, 1981 D. Phil. (Astrophysics) Oxford University, 1985 Title of D. Phil. Thesis Ultraviolet Spectroscopy of Late-type Giant and Supergiant Stars 1 2 Philip G. Judge-CV September 2015 POST-DEGREE APPOINTMENTS 2012 September-2013 August Sabbatical leave as Visiting Professor, Physics Department, Montana State University, Bozeman MT 2012 July & August Visiting Professor, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Mitaka, Japan 2009-2010 NCAR Science Advisor, serving on NCAR’s Executive Committee 2004-present SeniorScientist,HighAltitudeObservatory,NCAR. 2000-2001 Lecturer,MonashUniversity. 1999-2004 ScientistIII,HighAltitudeObservatory,NCAR. 1995-1999 ScientistII,HighAltitudeObservatory,NCAR. 1994-1996 AdjunctProfessorAPASDepartment, University of Colorado, Boulder. 1992 ResearchFellow,NorwegianResearchCouncil for Science and the Humanities. 1991-1994 ScientistI,HighAltitudeObservatory,NCAR. Jan-Sep1991 VisitingScientist,HighAltitudeObservatory,NCAR. 1988-1990 ResearchAssociate,JILA,UniversityofColorado,Boulder. 1985-1988 ResearchAssistant,DepartmentofTheoreticalPhysics, Oxford University. Philip G. Judge-CV September 2015 3 PROFESSIONAL SERVICE 2013-2014 Organizer, 2014 HAO Solar-Stellar Variability workshop (Prompted -
The Fourteenth Marcel Grossmann Meeting on Recent Developments in Theoretical and Experimental General Relativity, Astrophysics
September 4, 2017 9:39 ws-procs961x669 MG-14 – Proceedings (Part D) D433 page 3372 3372 The renaissance of general relativity in Rome: Main actors, research programs and institutional structures Luisa Bonolis∗ Max Planck Institute for the History of Science, Berlin, Germany ∗E-mail: [email protected] Adele La Rana Sapienza University, Rome, Italy E-mail: [email protected] Roberto Lalli Max Planck Institute for the History of Science, Berlin, Germany E-mail: [email protected] We show that the revitalization of General Relativity (GR) in Rome during the 1960s was mainly shaped by the confluence of two different research programs centered around two authoritative figures: the first was the focusing of former Levi–Civita’s student Carlo Cattaneo on the mathematical problems of GR and the establishment of a research group in Rome; the second was sparked by the return in Italy of the astrophysicist Livio Gratton in 1960. We also argue that the material possibilities for a novel confluence between previously separated fields in the Roman environment was made possible by deep institutional changes and, especially, by the organizational choices and visions of Edoardo Amaldi who was leading the postwar reconstruction of Italian physics. Keywords: General relativity; relativistic astrophysics; Tullio Levi–Civita; Giuseppe Armellini; Enrico Fermi; Carlo Cattaneo; Edoardo Amaldi; Livio Gratton. The First Phase: The interwar period In the late 1960s, General Relativity (GR) definitely returned to the mainstream of physics, coming into focus in connection with major astrophysical discoveries and becoming an internationally visible, highly active field of research. In order to The Fourteenth Marcel Grossmann Meeting Downloaded from www.worldscientific.com better elucidate how this historical process — the so-called Renaissance of GR, as Clifford Will christened it — developed in Rome during the 1960s, it is necessary to put it in relation to the research and teaching of GR in the Roman institutional settings starting from the early 1920s. -
Acquisition Policy and Collection Development in Astronomical Libraries in Italy: Two Test Cases
Library and Information Services in Astronomy III ASP Conference Series, Vol. 153, 1998 U. Grothkopf, H. Andernach, S. Stevens-Rayburn, and M. Gomez (eds.) Acquisition Policy and Collection Development in Astronomical Libraries in Italy: Two Test Cases Antonella Gasperini Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Firenze, Italy Francesca Martines Osservatorio Astronomico di Palermo \G.S.Vaiana", Palermo, Italy Abstract. We have analysed the acquisition policy of two Italian as- tronomical libraries, similar in typology, but geographically distant: the Arcetri Astrophysical Observatory Library, in Florence, and the Palermo Astronomical Observatory Library. 1. Introduction It is very important to organise a correct management of acquisitions in a library and to determine the criteria on which the collection development should depend, especially in subjects like astronomy and astrophysics and related fields, in which there is a continuous updating. We have analysed the situation of two Italian astronomical libraries, similar in typology, but geographically distant: the first one is the library of the Arcetri Astrophysical Observatory, in Florence, and the second one is the library of the Palermo Astronomical Observatory. They are different in size, activity and history. We have focused our attention on the last twenty years, with special emphasis on the period from 1987 to 1997. This choice was due to a radical change in astronomy in the late seventies which therefore influenced astronomical publications. Moreover, the last twenty years have also represented an important phase in the life of the two Observatories, for different reasons. We summarise the characteristics and amount of collections of each of them and identify the specific profiles and needs of their parent institutions and their influence on the acquisition policy.