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Sea-Surface Temperature Observations, January, 1932

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Sea-Surface Temperature Observations, January, 1932 34 MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW JANUARY,1932 TABLE1.-Averages, departures, and extremes of atmospheric pressure Off the California coast fresh to strong gales occurred at sea level, North Pacific Ocean and adjacent waters, January, 1939. at selected stations on the 11th to 14th and on the 19th) durin southward __ __ - incursions of the Aleutian LOW, or westwar 8 expansions Depar- to the coast of extensive LOWS over the United States. ture Statlona pressure from 3ighest Date Lowest Date In the Gulf of Tehuantepec northers of fresh gale force iormal were encountered on the 9th and 27th, and of moderate .~~_- ___ - - __ gale force on the 20th and 21st. I Inches Inch Inches Inchce Point Barrow 1 2.. .....-_______..I 30.17 +o. 09 30.80 6 29.20 12 Conditions at Honolulu.-The prevailing wind at Hono- Dutch Harhor 1_.___...________._ I 29.78 +o. 20 30.34 ' 10 28.82 21 Et. Paul 1________.._-_-_-________I 29.73 +o. 10 sa 18 9 28.14 28 lulu was from the east, with a maximum velocity of 28 Kodiak 1_____________.________~--! 29.75 +a 16 30.62 30 28.98 9 miles from the same direction on the 11th. This January Juneau '_____________.___________ 29.81 -0.07 30.69 30 29.03 5 TetOOnh Island 2 b--- . -.-.---____I 30.64 +a 08 30.67 22 29. 34 12 was the warmest there since 1889. Ban Francisco 3 8 _________________1 30.16 +a 05 30.49 17 28.68 31 Meeatlan 1 8 _.._.________________28.97 -0.05 30.04 8 28. 90 (1 Fog.-From the 3d until the loth fog formed over a Honolulu 2 ____.___.________._____30.01 +o. 01 30.15 26 28.80 31 Midway Island 1________.__..____ 28.94 -0. 08 30.36 23 L9. 40 14 considerably region between 160' west longitude and the Quam 1_____________.._._._..----I 29.84 -a 08 29.96 20 28.68 '4 American coast, 30' and 50' north latitude, and on a few h.lanila __ -.. ~ .! 28.95 -a ai 30.08 10 29.86 (3 Nahala .____________........-.-.I 3a23 +O. 15 30.40 I1 30. M 31 scattered days thereafter. Chichishinii~1.. __._ 30.12 +o. 11 30.44 21 29. eo 1 Nemuro 1 3 _.__~__.._.____-...__..I 28.99 . - - - - - -. 30.48 20 29.62 3 Haze.-"Very heavy haze due to volcanic dust from - - - Acatenango and Fuego that settle on the ship and sur- 1 DAtn based on 1 d.ully observatlon only with departures computed from liest H\uI- able normals related to time of observatlod. rounding waters," was reported by the American stearn- A m. and p. m. ohservations. ship Knoxville Oity, while in the Gulf of Tehuantepec on 8 For 24 to 29 days, with mising dates distributed over the mouth. 4 Aud on other dates the 21st. Similar observances were made by other ves- 8 Corrected to 24-hour mean. sels crossing the gulf on the 22d and 23d. Cyclones and gales.-General cyclonic activity slackenccl on the North Pacific during January, 1932, as compared SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE OBSERVATIONS, JANUARY. with that of the preceding month. The result was R 1932 lessened number of stormy days, and of days with gale\ of the higher wind velocities (11 to 12). Among the By GILEYSLOCUM many storm reports contributed by seamen, R consider- A change in the general plan of presenting sea-surface able percentage of the wh!e showed gales thtit did not temperature data is initiated in this issue of the REVIEW. exceed force 8. The iiioiith as a whole niust be wnsidcrccl During the calendar year 1931 the REVIEWcarried data fairly stormy, however, and it may be noted that galm for 1930, the material appearing in the issues dated a were almost as frequent on the central and soutllern trans- year after the months in which the observations were PacXc routes as they were along the northern, which is made. Hereafter the data will be for the current rnonth a rather unusual condition. and year. The dates of greatest storm intensity, as indicated by The method of publishing a year late hnd the advantage reports of masimum-force gales, were those of the 2d-3d, of presenting complete or final figures. The new plan the 13th, and the 20th and 21st. On the 2d-3d a cyclone requires the omission of the relatively few reports which that had moved eastward from northern Japan intensified do qot reach the fles in time to be included. Final until central pressures were about 29 inches, and caused means, embodying all available material will, however, westerly gales of force 11 near 38O N., 155O E. On the be computed and published after the close of each year 13th, in connection with an energetic cyclone that moved in connection with a brief annual summary. into the Aleutian region from the Okhotsk Sea, a gale of force 11 was experienced south of the western Aleutians The disadvantage involved in publishing preliminary On the 20th and 2lst cyclonic conditions, spreading east- values subject to later slight revisions is not vital. Pre- ward, covered a great area in northern mid-ocean, during liminary values will be found to vary ordinarily by not the prevalence of which southeasterly gales of force 11-12 more than three-tenths of a degree from the final figures. were reported near 40° N., 175' W., and 46O N., 160' IT., Continuing discrepancies of this order would doubtless be and gales of lesser force over practically the entire extent significant in the areas from which these values are gath- of the LOW. ered, since the monthly and annual ranges are small, but Gales of force 9 and 10 were fairly frequent duriug such differences as will appear betwren the preliminary several intensifications of the Aleutian cyclone. The and ha1 figures will be in the nature of accidentals and table of gales, however, sufliciently indicates their dis- will therefore be of minor importance for purposes other tribution. than refined correlation computations, for which the cor- About January 10th a LOW with a tropical character- rected annual summaries should be used. istics formed south of Midway Island and spreading An exception in the proposed method o€ publication is rapidly northward, caused fresh north and northeast made in the case of the 1931 data, which have not yet been gales over a considerable stretch of the sea. It early presented in any form. To the gap between 1930 and established contact through B long trough with the LOW 1932, resulting from this change of plan, the data for 1931 over the eastern Aleutians, but it continued active in are presented in the present issue, summarized for the the neighborhood of Midway Island until the 14th, on whole year. The values for December, 1931, necessarily which day the Midway pressure dropped as low as 29.40 remain provisional but they will be revised as soon as inches. The LOW thereafter receded rapidly northward. practicable. Owing to the strength of the Asiatic HIGH, the north- A disadvantage of the plan o€ publishing n year late east monsoon attained the strength of a moderate gale (followed in 1931) was that the data were then too old to on several days, particularly from the 8th to llth, be- be of interest in connection with current weather. It is tween Luzon and the Nansei Islands. primarily to eliminate this disadvantage that the present East of the Hawaiian Islands, locally intensified trades plan, which will place the figures in the hands of the public which reached the force of a fresh gale, occurred on the within 90 days after the close of each month, is inaugu- 8th and from the 20th to 24th. rated. Unauthenticated | Downloaded 10/01/21 09:21 PM UTC JANUARY,[I 932 MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW 35 'I'ABm 1.-Preliminary mean sea-surface temperatures (OF.) in the and the Greater Antilles and outermost Lesser Antilles Caribbean Sea and Straits of Florida, January, 1032 on the north and east. The Mona Passage, the Wind- ward Channel south of 20' N., and the Yucatan Channel Caribbean Sea Straits of Florida west from Cape San Antonio to the eighty-fifth meridian, I I1 I I north on this meridian to 22' N., west to 87' W., and south Depar- Depar- QW- PdOd ture from Change ture from Change to the Yucatan Peninsula, are included. ter Mean 13-year from pre- Mean 13-year from pre- mean aedlng mean cedlng January, 1932, was a warm month in the Caribbean (1920- month (1020- month 1832) 1032) Sea, being the twenty-third consecutive month with a temperature at or above the 13-year mean (1920-1932). OF. OF. OF. OF. I _____________________ 8ao +a6 __________ 77.3 STRAITS OF FLORIDA I1 ___..________________70. ti +az __________ 76.0 I11 __________-____-____-78.6 +ae __________ 787 1V ..................... 70.6 +as __________ '186 The Straits of Florida data refer to the western part Month_______ 79.6 +as -LO 76.6 of the Straits area, that bounded on the east by the eightieth meridian, on the north by the twenty-fifth Table 1 shows the preliminary mean temperatures in parallel, on the west by the eighty-fourth meridian, and the Caribbean Sea and the Straits of Florida for January, on the south by the Cuban coast. 1932. The month of January, 1932, was the warmest January CARIBBEAN SEA of record (1920-1932), being 0.8 above the previous warmest which occurred in 1924 and 1925, in both of The Caribbean Sea is defined as the area included which years the mean January temperature was 75.8' between the American Continents on the south and west in the Straits of Florida.
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