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Martinus Rorbye'in Oryantalist Resimleri

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Martinus Rorbye'in Oryantalist Resimleri T.C. BURSA ULUDAĞ ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ SANAT TARİHİ ANABİLİM DALI BATI SANATI VE ÇAĞDAŞ SANAT BİLİM DALI MARTINUS RORBYE’IN ORYANTALİST RESİMLERİ (YÜKSEK LİSANS TEZİ) Elif BARAN BURSA 2019 T.C. BURSA ULUDAĞ ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ SANAT TARİHİ ANABİLİM DALI BATI SANATI VE ÇAĞDAŞ SANAT BİLİM DALI MARTINUS RORBYE’IN ORYANTALİST RESİMLERİ (YÜKSEK LİSANS TEZİ) Elif BARAN Danışman: Doç. Dr. Elvan TOPALLI ÖZET Yazar Adı ve Soyadı : Elif BARAN Üniversite : Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Enstitü : Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Anabilim Dalı : Sanat Tarihi Bilim Dalı : Batı Sanatı ve Çağdaş Sanat Tezin Niteliği : Yüksek Lisans Tezi Sayfa Sayısı : xiii + 144 Mezuniyet Tarihi : Tez Danışmanı : Doç. Dr. Elvan TOPALLI MARTINUS RORBYE’IN ORYANTALİST RESİMLERİ 19. yüzyıl Avrupa resim sanatının en önemli ve etkili sanat üsluplarından biri Oryantalizmdir. Oryantalist ressamlar arasında Kuzey Avrupa kökenli olanlar oldukça azdır. Ressam Martinus Rorbye (1803-1848), hem Danimarka Altın Çağı’nın başlıca ressamlarından biridir, hem de Danimarka Oryantalizminin en önemli temsilcisidir. Yaşamı ve sanatı ile yaşadığı dönemi tam olarak yansıttığı gibi birçok yönden öncü konumundadır. Kısa yaşamına rağmen çok gezen ve çok resim yapan Rorbye, 1835-36 yıllarında Doğu yolculuğuna çıkmış; izlenimlerini hem yazılı olarak günlüğüne, hem de görsel olarak resimlerine yansıtmıştır. Birçok Oryantalist ressam gibi yolculuğu sırasında yaptığı eskizlerden yararlanarak daha sonra tablolar üretmiştir. Bunlara bağlı olarak döneminin diğer Oryantalist ressamlarıyla benzerlikler gösterdiği gibi farklılıklar da göstermektedir. Bu tez çalışmasındaki amaç, Martinus Rorbye’ı tanıtmak, Danimarka ve Avrupa sanat tarihi içindeki yerini belirlemek; özelikle Oryantalist eserlerini değerlendirerek Oryantalist resim sanatı açısından önemini vurgulamaktır. Bu yapılırken Türkçe, İngilizce ve Danca olarak hem yazılı, hem görsel kaynaklara ulaşılmaya çalışılmış; kütüphanelerden ve internet kaynaklarından bu bağlamda yararlanılmıştır. Ulaşılabilen yazılı ve görsel kaynaklar paralelinde, Martinus Rorbye’ın hayatı, sanatı ve özellikle Oryantalist eserleri ele alınmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Martinus Rorbye, Danimarka, Oryantalist Resim, İstanbul iv ABSTRACT Name and Surname : Elif BARAN University : Bursa Uludag University Institution : Social Science Instution Field : Art History Branch : Western Art and Contemporary Art Degree Awarded : Master Total Pages : xiii + 144 Graduation Date : Supervisor : Doç. Dr. Elvan TOPALLI MARTINUS RORBYE’S ORIENTALIST PICTURES One of the most significant art styles of the 19th century European painting is Orientalism; whereas there are only few Orientalist painters from Northern Europe. Martinus Rorbye (1803-1848) is one of the most eminent painters of Danish Golden Age; and also the most important character of Danish Orientalism. He is a pioneer of the period with his art and lifestyle. He was both an enthusiastic traveller and prolific painter. Between 1835-1836 he travelled to the East, he recorded his impressions both in his journal and his sketches and paintings. Like many other Orientalist painters, he produced his paintings using the sketches he made while travelling. His paintings cover both similarities and distinctive features with other Orientalist painters’ works. For this thesis Rorbye and his pictures are interpreted, is place in Danish and European art history and especially the importance of his Orientalist works are emphasized by the aid of resources from national and international libraries and archives and also internet, English, Danish and Turkish. Key Words: Martinus Rorbye, Denmark, Orientalist Painting, İstanbul (Constantinople) v ÖNSÖZ Martinus Rorbye’ın Oryantalist Resimleri adlı tezimi hazırlama aşamasında bilgilerini ve görüşlerini benden esirgemeyen, akademisyen olarak her zaman örnek aldığım, değerli hocam, tez danışmanım Doç. Dr. Elvan TOPALLI’ya teşekkürlerin en büyüğünü borç bilirim. Eğitim hayatım boyunca yaptıkları maddi, manevi her türlü destek için canım babam Halim BARAN’a ve canım annem Nazire BARAN’a, bu süreçte bana yol gösteren, benimle birlikte heyecanlanan ve her daim destek olan canım kardeşlerime çok teşekkür ederim. Tez yazım sürecinde, bana manevi anlamda destek olan, hatta daha önce bu süreçten geçmiş olup beni bilgilendiren ve yardım eden, bana inanan yakın arkadaşlarıma canı gönülden teşekkür ederim. Elif BARAN Bursa, 2019 vi İÇİNDEKİLER TEZ ONAY SAYFASI ..................................................................................................... i YÜKSEK LİSANS/DOKTORA İNTİHAL YAZILIM RAPORU ............................. ii YEMİN METNİ ............................................................................................................. iii ÖZET ............................................................................................................................... iv ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................................... v TEŞEKKÜR………………………………………………………………………… İÇİNDEKİLER ............................................................................................................. vii RESİM LİSTESİ ............................................................................................................ ix GİRİŞ ............................................................................................................................... 1 BİRİNCİ BÖLÜM 1800 – 1850 ARASI SİYASİ TARİH 1.1.AVRUPA SİYASİ TARİHİ .................................................................................... 4 1.1.1. Napolyon Bonaparte (1769-1821) .............................................................. 7 1.1.2. 1830 İhtilalleri ........................................................................................... 12 1.1.3. 1848 İhtilalleri ........................................................................................... 13 1.2.DANİMARKA SİYASİ TARİHİ .......................................................................... 16 1.3.OSMANLI SİYASİ TARİHİ ................................................................................ 17 1.3.1. Sultan III. Selim Dönemi .......................................................................... 17 1.3.2. Sultan II. Mahmud Dönemi ...................................................................... 19 1.3.3. Sultan Abdülmecid Dönemi ...................................................................... 24 İKİNCİ BÖLÜM 1800 – 1850 ARASI SANAT ORTAMI 1.1.AVRUPA’DA NEO-KLASİSİZM’DEN ORYANTALİZM’E RESİM SANATI26 1.1.1. Neo – Klasik Resim .................................................................................. 26 1.1.2. Romantik Resim ........................................................................................ 28 1.1.3. Oryantalist Resim ...................................................................................... 31 vii 1.2.DANİMARKA RESİM SANATININ GELİŞİMİ................................................ 40 1.2.1. Danimarka Altın Çağı ................................................................................ 45 1.2.2. Danimarka Oryantalizmi ........................................................................... 53 1.3.OSMANLI İMPARATORLUĞU’NDA YABANCI RESSAMLAR ................... 59 ÜÇÜNCÜ BÖLÜM MARTINUS RORBYE 1.1.HAYATI VE SANATI .......................................................................................... 67 1.2. DOĞU GEZİSİ VE GÜNLÜKLERİNDEN YANSIYANLAR .......................... 70 1.3.ORYANTALİST ESERLERİ ............................................................................... 82 1.3.1.Oryantalist Eskizleri ....................................................................................... 82 1.3.2.Oryantalist Resimleri ...................................................................................... 85 SONUÇ ........................................................................................................................... 89 KAYNAKÇA ................................................................................................................. 95 RESİMLER ................................................................................................................. 104 EKLER ......................................................................................................................... 138 viii RESİM LİSTESİ Resim 1. Constantin Hansen, A Group of Danish Artists Rome /Roma’da Bir Grup Danimarkalı Sanatçı Resim 2. Martinus Rorbye, Udsigt mod Konstantinopel / View of Constantinople / İstanbul Görünümü Resim 3. Martinus Rorbye, Siddende tyrk / Oturan Türk Resim 4. Martinus Rorbye, Skægget mandsportræt, set en face, med turban / Bearded man portrait / Sakallı Adam Portresi Resim 5. Martinus Rorbye, To studier af hoveder og en figurstudie / Two studies of heads and a figure study /İki baş eskizi ve bir figür çalışması Resim 6. Martinus Rorbye, Skægget mandsportræt, trekvart profil mod højre, med fez; Mandsportræt med fezlignende hue / Bearded man portrait, three quarter profile right / Sağdan ¾ profil Sakallı Adam Portresi Resim 7. Martinus Rorbye, Skægget mandsportræt, trekvart profil mod venstre, med turban; Hoved af en orientaler / Bearded male portrait, three-quarter profile to the left, with turban; Head of an Oriental / Soldan ¾ profil Türbanıyla Sakallı Adam Portresi; Oryantal Baş Resim 8. Martinus Rorbye, Man with a fez smoking a pipe / Fesli Adam Nargile İçerken Resim 9. Martinus Rorbye, Piberygende tyrker / Pipe smoking Turk / Pipo
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