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Olympia High School Media Center Reference Guide MLA 7
Works Cited
MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers. 7th ed. New York: The Modern Language Association, 2009.
Olympia High School English Department. Personal Interview. 10 Dec. 2009.
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Table of Contents
Contents BOOKS ...... 3 Textbooks ...... 5 Magazines ...... 5 Article from bimonthly periodical ...... 5 Article from weekly or biweekly periodical ...... 6 Unsigned article ...... 6 Newspapers ...... 6 Signed article in daily paper ...... 6 Unsigned article in quarterly paper ...... 6 Letter to the editor ...... 6 Pamphlet ...... 6 Government Publication ...... 6 Interview ...... 6 E-Mail...... 7 Internet...... 8 Florida Choices Planner ...... 8 GaleNet ...... 9 Occupational Outlook Handbook Online ...... 9 Entire Internet Website ...... 10 Personal Home Page ...... 10 SIRS ...... 10 Britannica Online /English Version ...... 11 Digital File (PDF, Microsoft Word, MP3) ...... 11 CD-ROM or DVD-ROM (Not musical or video) ...... 12 Television or Radio Program ...... 12 DVD (Movie), Videocassette, Laser disc, Slide Program, Film, Filmstrip ...... 13 Song or Spoken-Word Recording (CD, LP, Audiocassette) ...... 13 Performance (play, opera, ballet, concert) ...... 14 Musical Composition or Score ...... 14 Painting, Sculpture, or Photograph ...... 14 Map, Chart, Cartoon, Comic Strip, Advertisement, Address, Reading, or Speech . 14
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BOOKS
Major Components: Person/s of Responsibility (Author/s or Editor/s) Title Information (Edition, Volume Number, etc.) Publication information: (City, Publisher, most recent copyright date)
Book by a single author Barth, Edna. Holly, Reindeer, and Colored Lights. New York: Clarion Books, 1971. Print.
Book with no author or editor (Do not use Anonymous.) Encyclopedia of Virginia. New York: Somerset, 1993. Print.
Book by two authors Gillgud, John, and John Miller. Acting Shakespeare. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1991. Print.
Book by three authors Hirsch, E. D., Jr., Joseph F. Kett, and James Trefil. The Dictionary of Cultural Literacy: What Every American Needs to Know. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1988. Print.
Book with four or more authors Shephard, Alan, Deke Slayton, Jay Barbee, and Howard Benedict. Moon Shot: The Inside Story of America’s Race to the Moon. Atlanta: Turner Publishing, Inc., 1994. Print.
OR Shephard, Alan, et al. Moon Shot: The Inside Story of America’s Race to the Moon. Atlanta: Turner Publishing, Inc., 1994. Print. **Note: “et al” = “and others”.
Book with an editor Stevens, John D., ed. Sharks. New York: Checkmark Books, 1999. Print.
Book with several editors Polking, Kirk, Joan Bloss, and Colleen Cannon, eds. Writer’s Encyclopedia. Cincinnati: Writer’s Digest Books, 1983. Print.
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Book by a corporate author (A corporate author may be a commission, an association, a committee, or any other group whose individual members are not identified on the title page. Omit any initial article such as “A, An, The”.) American Medical Association. The American Medical Association Encyclopedia of Medicine. Ed. Charles B. Clayman. New York: Random, 1996. Print. Work in an anthology (Source within a Source) Dove, Rita. “The Original Ballerina.” The Norton Anthology of African-American Literature. Eds. Henry Louis Gates, Jr., and Nellie Y. McKay. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 1997. 85-95. Print. Multivolume work with a single author Doyle, Arthur Conan. The Oxford Sherlock Holmes. Ed. Owen Dudley Edwards. Vol. 8. New York: Oxford UP, 1993. Print. Multivolume work with an editor (signed and unsigned articles) Anderson, Paul. “Susan Ashton.” Contemporary Musicians. Ed. Brian Escamilla. Vol. 17. Detroit: Gale Research, 1997. Print. Article in a well-known or commonly used reference book such as an encyclopedia, dictionary( unabridged and abridged), thesaurus, atlas, etc. (signed and unsigned articles) Busch, A. J. “Citadel.” The World Book Encyclopedia. 2006. Print.
“Noon.” The Oxford English Dictionary. 2nd ed. 2003. Print.
“Azimuthal Equidistant Projection.” Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary. 10th ed. 2001. Print.
“Duty.” Def. 5c. Webster’s New Twentieth Century Dictionary of the English Language Unabridged. 2nd ed. 2008. Print.
“Duty.” Bartlett’s Roget’s Thesaurus. 2009. Print.
National Geographic Atlas of the World. 7th ed. 1999. Print. Article in a less well-known reference book such as an encyclopedia, dictionary, etc. (signed and unsigned articles)
Le Patourel, John. “Normans and Normandy.” Dictionary of the Middle Ages. Ed. Joseph R. Strayer. Vol. 3. New York: Scribner’s, 1987. Print.
Strong, James, LL.D., S.T.D. The New Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1996. Print. 5
Edition of a book Grauer, Robert T., and Gretchen Marx. Essentials of the Internet. 2nd ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1997. Print.
Translated work Sagan, Francoise. Sunlight on Cold Water. Trans. Joanna Kilmartin. Harmondsworth, Middlesex, England: Penguin, 1978. Print. **Note: Example of foreign country as place of publication.
Religious Works The Holy Bible. New York: New American Library, 1962. Print. Revised Standard Version.
Holy Qur'an. Trans. M. H. Shakir. Elmhurst, NY: Tahrike Tarsile Qur'an, n.d. Print.
Gale Print Series (Source within a Source) Oates, Joyce Carol. “Emily Bronte.” Nineteenth-Century Literary Criticism. Eds. Cherie D. Abbey and Janet Mullane. Vol. 16. Detroit: Gale Research Company, 1987. Print.
An Introduction, a Preface, a Foreward, or an Afterword
Borges, Jorge Lewis. Foreward. Selected Poems. By Upton Sinclair. New York: Signet, 1990. v-ix. Print.
Textbooks Bulliet, Richard W., et al. The Earth and Its Peoples. 3rd ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2005. Print.
Millay, Edna St. Vincent. “Recuerdo.” Elements of Literature. Fifth Course. Florida Edition. Austin: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2003. Print. Magazines
Article from monthly periodical LaRoe, Lisa Moore. “LaSalle’s Last Voyage.” National Geographic. May 1997: 72-83. Print. Article from bimonthly periodical Thwaites, Tim, et al. “Everything You Always Wanted to Know about Kangaroos.” International Wildlife. Sept.-Oct. 1997: 34-43. Print.
** Note (“et al” = “and others”) 6
Article from weekly or biweekly periodical Plagens, Peter, and Roy Sawhill. “Throw Out the Brushes: Commercial Artists Are Going Digital.” Newsweek. Sept. 1, 1997: 75-77. Print.
Unsigned article “Active Traveler Directory.” Outside. July 1997: 149-157. Print.
Newspapers
Signed article in daily paper Varma, Kavita. “Footnotes in Electronic Age.” USA Today. 7 Feb. 1996: D7. Print.
Unsigned article in quarterly paper “Saving the Indiana Bat.” The Indiana Sierran. Winter 1997:4. Print.
Letter to the editor Carlson, Gavin C. Letter. Princeton Post Dispatch. 8 Aug. 1997:28-30. Print.
Pamphlet
American Council on Education. College Teaching as a Career. Washington, D.C.: American Council on Education, 1998. Print.
Government Publication
United States. Cong. House. Hearings. 79th Cong., 1st and 2nd sess. Washington: GPO, 1946. Print. Interview
Wright, Elizabeth. Personal interview. 14 May 2007.
Poussaint, Alvin F. Telephone interview. 10 Dec. 2007.
Wiesel, Elie. Interview by Ted Koppel. Nightline. ABC. WABC, New York. 18 Apr. 2002. Television.
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Writer’s last name, First name. ”Title of message.”(Taken from subject line) Description of message including recipient that includes the recipient (e.g., Message to the author). Date of message. Medium of delivery.
EXAMPLE
Boyle, Anthony T. “Re: Utopia.” Message to Daniel J. Cahill. 21 June 2007. E-mail.
Harner, James L. Message to the author. 20 Aug. 2007. E-mail. (This citation has no subject.)
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Internet
No more URL’s! MLA no longer requires URL’s but encourages writers to provide a URL if the citation information does not easily lead readers to the source.
Author’s Last Name, First Name. “Name of Specific File or Text.” Title of the overall Web site (italicized), if distinct from the file name. Version or edition used. Publisher or sponsor of the site; if not available, use N.p. Date of publication (day, month, and year, as available; if nothing is available, use n.d. Date of access (Day Month Year).
EXAMPLE
Marx, Karl and Frederick Engels. “Manifesto of the Communist Party 1848.” The Communist Manifesto. 5 Nov. 2003. School of Social Sciences, Faculty of Arts at the Australian National University. Web. 29 Jan. 2007.
Quade, Alex. “Elite Team Rescues Troops behind Enemy Lines.” CNN.com. Cable News Network, 19 Mar. 2007. Web. 15 May 2008.
Liu, Alan, ed. Home page. Voice of the Shuttle. Dept. of English, U of California, Santa Barbara, n.d. Web. 15 May 2008.
Florida Choices Planner http://florida.access.bridges.com
Author’s Last Name, First Name (If available). “Article Title.” Database name. Web. Date researcher accessed site (Day Month Year format).
EXAMPLE “Pediatrician.” Choices Planner. Web. 12 Oct. 2009.
Saftner, T.J. and Bridges.com Staff. “English Professor.” Choices Planner. Web. 23 Jan. 2007. 9
GaleNet (Source within a Source) Literature Resource Center
Author’s Last Name, First Name. “Article Title.” Title of printed source. Date of printed source. Database name. Date researcher accessed site (Day Month Year format). (URL NOT necessary.)
EXAMPLE
"Frost, Robert Lee (1874-1963)." Encyclopedia of World Biography. Thomson Gale, 1998. General OneFile. Web. 3 Dec. 2009.
“Rosa Parks.” Contemporary Black Biography. Vol. 1. Literature Resource Center. Web. 12 Dec. 2010.
“Fifteenth Amendment.” Dictionary of American History. Thomson, Gale, 1995. Literature Resource Center. Web. 23 Apr. 2007.
“Nicholas Sparks.” Contemporary Authors. Thomson Gale, 1998. Literature Resource Center. Web. 10 May 2007.
Blereau, Robert P. "Three relatives with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome." Consultant 36.11 (1996): 2459+. General OneFile. Web. 3 Dec. 2009.
Occupational Outlook Handbook Online
“Book Editor.” Occupational Outlook Handbook 2008-09 Edition. 14 April 2007. Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor. Web. 20 Sept. 2009.
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Entire Internet Website
Title of the site. Name of the editor of the site, if given. Date of publication or lastest update, if given. Name of any sponsoring institution or organization if distinct from the Web site title. Web. Date of access.
University of Florida. 25 Nov. 2009. Web. 10 Dec. 2009.
Personal Home Page
Lancashire, Ian. Home page. 28 Feb. 2002. Web. 15 May 2009.
SIRS (Source within a Source)
Author’s Last Name, First Name. “Article Title.” Title of printed source. Date of printed source. SIRS Database Name. Web. Date researcher accessed site.
EXAMPLE
"The Rise of the Gay Dad." The Observer (London, England) 25 Oct. 2009: 24. SIRS Researcher. Web. 3 December 2009.
Petrowski, Thomas D. “Miranda Revisited.” FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin Aug. 2001: 25-32. SIRS Government Reporter. Web. 5 May 2009.
Bork, Robert H. “Thomas More for Our Season.” First Things June-July 1999, p. 17-21. SIRS Renaissance. Web. 24 Mar. 2009.
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Britannica Online /English Version
Britannica Online / Spanish Version
Britannica Online /Annals of America
“King, Martin Luther, Jr." Encyclopædia Britannica. 2007. Encyclopædia Britannica Online School Edition. Web. 5 Apr. 2010.
“Iran." Britannica Book of the Year, 2003. Encyclopædia Britannica Online School Edition. Web. 3 Dec. 2009
Digital File (PDF, Microsoft Word, MP3)
Cortez, Juan. “Border Crossing in Chicano Narrative.” 2007. Microsoft Word file.
Hudson, Jennifer, perf. “And I Am Telling You I’m Not Going.” Dreamgirls: Music from the Motion Picture. Sony BMG, 2006. MP3 file.
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CD-ROM or DVD-ROM (Not musical or video)
1. Author’s name (if given) 2. Article title 3. Name of editor, compiler, or translator (if revelant) 4. Edition, release date/year, or version (if relevant) 5. Place of publication 6. Name of publisher 7. Date of publication 8. Medium of publication consulted
Carter, Ron. “Lord of the Flies.” Masterplots Complete. Hackensack: Salem Press, Inc., 2000. CD-ROM.
The Complete New Yorker. New York: New Yorker, 2005. DVD-ROM. 8 discs.
Television or Radio Program 1. Title of the episode or segment (in quotation marks) 2. Title of the program (italicized) 3. Name of the network (if any) 4. Call letters and city of the local station (if available) 5. Broadcast date 6. Medium of reception (e.g., Radio, Television) (Other pertinent data, such as names of the director, performers, narrator, number of episodes, may be included between the title of the program and/or the network)
EXAMPLE
“Death and Society.” Narr. Joanne Silberner. Weekend Edition Sunday. Natl. Public Radio. WUWM, Milwaukee. 25 Jan. 1998. Radio.
Wadey, Maggie, adapt. “The Buccaneers.” By Edith Wharton. Perf. Mira Sorvino, Alison Elliot , and Carla Gugino. 3 episodes. Masterpiece Theatre. Introd. Russell Baker. PBS. WGBH, Boston. 27 Apr. – 11 May 1997. Television.
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DVD (Movie), Videocassette, Laser disc, Slide Program, Film, Filmstrip
1. Title (Italicized) 2. Producer or Director 3. Other pertinent data, such as names of the performers, narrator, number of episodes, and conductor, may be included between the title and the medium (if given) 4. Original release date (if relevant) 5. Medium 6. Distributor 7. Year of release
EXAMPLE
It’s a Wonderful Life. Dir. Frank Capra. Perf. James Stewart, Donna Reed, Lionel Barrymore. and Thomas Mitchell. RKO, 1946. Film.
Verdi, Giuseppe. Don Carlo. Dir. Franco Zeffirelli. Perf. Luciano Pavarotti and Samuel Ramey. La Scala Orch. and Chorus. Cond. Ricardo Muti. EMI, 1994. Videocassette.
Chor. Choreographer, Choreographed by Cond. Conductor, Conducted by Dir. Director, Directed by Narr. Narrator, Narrated by Perf. Performer, Performed by Prod. Producer, Produced by
Song or Spoken-Word Recording (CD, LP, Audiocassette)
Simon, Paul. “Spirit Voices.” The Rhythm of the Saints. Warner Bros., 1990. CD. Sondheim, Stephen. Passion. Orch. Jonathan Tunick. Perf. Donna Murphy, Jere Shea, and Marin Mazzie. Cond. Paul Gemignani. Angel, 1994. Audiocassette. Whitman, Walt. “America.” In Their Own Voices: A Century of Recorded Poetry. Rhino, 1996. LP.
Gabriel, Peter. “A Different Drum.” Perf. Peter Gabriel. Booklet. Passion. Geffen, 1998. Print. **Note: Example taken from booklet accompanying CD. 14
Performance (play, opera, ballet, concert)
Freni, Mirella, soprano. Fedora. By Umberto Giordano. With Placido Domingo. Cond. Roberto Abbado. Metropolitan Opera. Meteropolitan Opera House, New York. 26 Jan. 2001. Performance. Rigg, Diana, perf. Medea. By Euripides. Trans. Alistair Elliot. Dir. Jonathan Kent. Longacre Theatre, New York. 1987. Performance. Musical Composition or Score
Beethoven, Ludwig van. Symphony No. 8 in F, Op. 93. 1812. New York: Dover, 1989. Scores. Painting, Sculpture, or Photograph
Cassatt, Mary. Mother and Child. Witchita Art Museum. American Painting: 1560-1913. By John Pearce. New York: McGraw, 1964. Slide 22.
Saint Paul’s Cathedral, London. Personal photograph by author. 12 Mar. 1997.
Rembrandt van Rijn. Aristotle Contemplating the Bust of Homer. 1653. Oil on canvas. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.
Perutz, Dolly Hellman. Bird Flying Machine. 1973. Bronze. Central Park, New York.
Map, Chart, Cartoon, Comic Strip, Advertisement, Address, Reading, or Speech
Washington. Map. Chicago: Rand, 2004. Print
Japanese Fundamentals. Chart. New York: Barron, 1999. Print.
Trudeau, Garry. “Doonesbury.” Comic strip. Orlando Sentinel. 23 Sept. 2003: 23. Print.
Air Canada. Advertisement. CNN. 15 May 2001. Television.
Jones, Nancy. “Outstanding Americans.” MLA Convention. Peabody Hotel, Orlando. 2 Mar. 2004. Speech.