RESEARCH ARTICLE Early-Stage Induction of SWI/SNF Mutations during Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinogenesis Hidetsugu Nakazato1,2,3, Hideyuki Takeshima1, Takayoshi Kishino1, Emi Kubo1, Naoko Hattori1, Takeshi Nakajima4, Satoshi Yamashita1, Hiroyasu Igaki2, Yuji Tachimori2, Yukio Kuniyoshi3, Toshikazu Ushijima1* 1 Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan, 2 Esophageal Surgery Division, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan, 3 Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan, 4 Endoscopy Division, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan *
[email protected] Abstract OPEN ACCESS Citation: Nakazato H, Takeshima H, Kishino T, Kubo The SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex is frequently inactivated by somatic mutations E, Hattori N, Nakajima T, et al. (2016) Early-Stage of its various components in various types of cancers, and also by aberrant DNA methyla- Induction of SWI/SNF Mutations during Esophageal tion. However, its somatic mutations and aberrant methylation in esophageal squamous Squamous Cell Carcinogenesis. PLoS ONE 11(1): cell carcinomas (ESCCs) have not been fully analyzed. In this study, we aimed to clarify in e0147372. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0147372 ESCC, what components of the SWI/SNF complex have somatic mutations and aberrant Editor: Ajay Goel, Baylor University Medical Center, methylation, and when somatic mutations of the SWI/SNF complex occur. Deep sequenc- UNITED STATES ing of components of the SWI/SNF complex using a bench-top next generation sequencer Received: November 13, 2015 revealed that eight of 92 ESCCs (8.7%) had 11 somatic mutations of 7 genes, ARID1A, Accepted: January 4, 2016 ARID2, ATRX, PBRM1, SMARCA4, SMARCAL1, and SMARCC1.