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5 the Socio-Economic Environment Public Disclosure Authorized Government of the Republic of Malawi Ministry of Water Development and Irrigation National Water Development Programme Public Disclosure Authorized Independent Environmental Impact Assessment for the Upgraded Kamuzu Barrage Final Resettlement Action Plan Volume 1: Main Report Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized February 2014 Independent Environmental Impact Assessment for the Upgraded Kamuzu Barrage – Final RAP Volume 1: Main Report Table of Contents ............................................................................................... i Abbreviations ................................................................................................. viii Executive Summary .......................................................................................... x Acknowledgements ..................................................................................... xviii 1 Introduction ............................................................................................... 1 1.1 Project Background ................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Scope and Objectives of the Resettlement Action Plan ............................................2 1.3 Report Layout ............................................................................................................3 2 Project Description ................................................................................... 5 2.1 Location and Justification ..........................................................................................5 2.2 Description of Proposed Works .................................................................................5 2.3 Operation and Maintenance Activities .......................................................................6 2.4 Area of Project Impact ...............................................................................................6 2.5 Project Implementation .............................................................................................. 7 3 Methodology ........................................................................................... 10 3.1 Site Visits .................................................................................................................10 3.2 Literature Review .....................................................................................................10 3.3 Consultation with Stakeholders ...............................................................................10 3.4 Stakeholder Consultation and Participation Methodology .......................................11 3.4.1 Public and Community Meetings ..................................................................12 3.4.2 Individual Consultation .................................................................................12 3.4.3 Focus Group Meetings .................................................................................12 3.4.4 Socio- Economic Survey ..............................................................................13 3.4.5 Compensation and Resettlement Assessment and Survey ......................... 15 3.4.6 Mapping and Database of Affected Persons and Assets ............................. 16 4 Legal and Policy Framework ................................................................. 17 4.1 National Legislation and Practice ............................................................................17 4.1.1 The National Constitution .............................................................................17 4.1.2 National Policies and Acts ............................................................................17 4.1.2.1 Environment Management Act, 1996 and Environmental Impact Assessment Guidelines, 1997 .....................................................17 4.1.2.2 Land Act (1965) ...........................................................................18 4.1.2.3 The Lands Acquisition Act (1971) ............................................... 18 4.1.2.4 The Malawi National Land Policy (2002) ..................................... 18 4.1.2.5 The Employment Act (2000) and Labour Relations Act (1996) .. 19 4.1.2.6 Town and Country Planning Act (1990) ...................................... 19 Independent EIA for the Upgraded Kamuzu Barrage: Final RAP Volume 1, February 2014 i 4.1.2.7 The Monuments and Relics Act (1991) .......................................19 4.1.2.8 The Public Roads Act (1962) ...................................................... 19 4.2 International Standards ............................................................................................19 4.2.1 International Agreements and Conventions .................................................19 4.2.1.1 The Millennium Development Goals ........................................... 20 4.2.1.2 Agenda 21 ...................................................................................20 4.2.2 International Guidelines and Procedures .....................................................21 4.2.2.1 World Bank ..................................................................................21 4.3 Project Policy Principles and Guidelines for Involuntary Resettlement ................... 22 5 The Socio-Economic Environment ....................................................... 25 5.1 Administrative and Geographic Context ..................................................................25 5.1.1 Geographical Context ...................................................................................25 5.1.2 Administrative Context .................................................................................25 5.2 Socio-Economic Profile of Project Area ...................................................................25 5.2.1 Demography .................................................................................................25 5.2.1.1 Population .................................................................................... 25 5.2.1.2 Age and Gender Distribution ....................................................... 26 5.2.1.3 Social Composition ......................................................................27 5.2.1.4 Gender and Educational Attainment ........................................... 30 5.2.2 Settlement ....................................................................................................30 5.2.3 Housing ........................................................................................................32 5.2.4 Household Assets Owned ............................................................................ 33 5.2.5 Basic Household Facilities ...........................................................................34 5.2.6 Infrastructure, Services and Movement Patterns ......................................... 36 5.2.7 Land Use ......................................................................................................38 5.2.8 Livelihoods and Employment .......................................................................43 5.2.9 Impacts of Lakes Malawi and Malombe and Shire River on Households .... 48 5.2.10 Health Profile ................................................................................................50 5.2.10.1 Health Facilities ...........................................................................50 5.2.10.2 Common Diseases ......................................................................51 5.2.11 Cultural Heritage ..........................................................................................52 5.2.12 Key Information from Stakeholder Consultations and Participation ............. 52 6 Potential Impacts .................................................................................... 53 6.1 Overall Project Impacts ............................................................................................53 6.1.1 Positive Impacts ...........................................................................................53 6.1.1.1 Employment Opportunities ..........................................................53 6.1.1.2 Economic Development ..............................................................53 6.1.1.3 Improved Infrastructure and Service Provision ........................... 53 6.1.2 Negative Impacts ..........................................................................................54 6.1.2.1 Construction Areas ......................................................................54 6.1.2.2 Upstream of the Barrage .............................................................55 Independent EIA for the Upgraded Kamuzu Barrage: Final RAP Volume 1, February 2014 ii 6.1.2.3 Downstream of the Barrage ........................................................56 6.2 Scope of Land Acquisition and Resettlement ..........................................................58 6.2.1 Land and Property Impacts ..........................................................................59 6.2.2 Livelihood Impacts ........................................................................................59 6.2.3 Impact on Crops ...........................................................................................62 6.2.4 Impacts on Access to Services ....................................................................62 6.2.5 Poor and Vulnerable Groups and Heritage Items ........................................62 6.2.5.1 Impacts on Poor and Vulnerable Groups ...................................
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