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ZiÐqZ 2018ðÑŽ20 Z”XŠgI [email protected]

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tòZ fyTZg¯™NŠsŽI|gzZáZzä™lˆÅsªX•DƒáZz~¾áZzäÑyZZZg¯ X1 áZzä™oôZgzZ• Ð¹ÌAŠqX@ƒ7~gz¢„*™¢™NŠž•…YªX•DWá¢6Z}AŠyZŽX2 qðÃž•MÈ™NŠVZðŠ}‰X•ë circumstantial evidenceë&X•MYáïò} G3Å G3Å gzZ ( 102:7 )ì„gVqHž ˆÆÚŠªèEG4¨GZÐZuzŠX( 102:5)•ë èEG4¨GZDÐZXì„gV G3Å XÐ™kCò¤Æ™B;dÛŒÆvWX¢ F6]!Šª(56:95)èEG4¨GZhZŠ X•ïŠ]o¿Æ™aywâ gzZÆ™ ]Š„ gîÆ]oÆäÑyZZ X3 Zƒwi*¬Ð\WŽÌ6kZgzZ•f™¢Ì6yWÛŒgzZ6\WŽ •DWáyZZÌvß{zgzZ X4 ng¢Ì6ZwZbgzZ[Â[ˆäƒ{0iˆÆä%ª]yW gzZ(6V1ÂÅyZgzZVz9¬ª)ì X• ë "XìZƒwi*Ì¬Ð\WŽ "žì9Žn™79Ã{kZÆeWkZÐV-œë~wì}÷X5 B™5ÐyZÃ]cWzŠ~uzŠÅyWÛŒë¤Z X¶/ZzÐgZgzZ]ZgÂèYX¸‰ugJØ¶Ôs§ ÐÃ™¹F„:gzZXìY qÃgZuzŠ •DƒùgzZyÃoo(J 20Ð8• eW) ì @Cà¬vZ Ž•Dƒj§FÆä™ÅÑeÆyZ bŠžðŠÃ\WLZ ÝZgŠ~ÒÃÅ¶ŠžðŠÃVzuzŠ™0uÑeÆ™dÛ•Ô¸ŠÔ^Ñ; i§ª |² •ñWá¢6]yWx-gzZvZëž•ëŽ•,Zvß¼ Ð~Vâ¨ZgzZX8•eW ìg}ŠžðŠÃ\WLZ ~ÝZ1•Dƒìg}ŠžðŠÃVßZzyZZgzZvZ {zX9•eWXng7¢{z~ ÅyZvZgzZì~gF~VßŠÆyZX10•eWX(•ìg}ŠùžðŠÃLZž )7™ÅqkZÃyZ1•Dƒ EEE [Z±u*ŠgŠnÆyZX•D™ÒÃÅõ/45E"uÑeh×'™NŠDƒ[x»6gîzz ÅÑe)ìêŠ™{ŠciÃ~gF (¸s1^ÑèYì ~Ì‚ÎÐkZžì¹ŠYn kZÃ%1 ^ÑX•ïŠx*»b&ZÐZ1•D™ŠYgzZ]gZÑX;i§ZuzŠ @Y0ŠY{z }™]!sÜÆwßZ Ì Žž•wßZtÐkZXì@Yƒ»ŠOZ b!gzZì@ƒyv»VÍß Xì wbðZÂëc)• ìg™b&ZÅkZ Âëž•ë ÂƒîÖ#ŠY~}ižì@Y¹ÐyZZ gzZX11•eW ZXng7™ÅkZ1•ìg;ŠYŽ•vß{z ¸Xµz—šX12•eWX(•ìg™ •ëgzZD™g¦s¸z"ÃVßZzäÑyZZ b§ÅV¯¸z"yZÌëHž•ë ÂƒWáyZZZb§ÅVÍß}zuzŠÌ?žì@Y¹ÐyZZ gzZX13•eZ Ìë •ë Â•XÐÝñtZ gzZX14•eWXng7gÅ1•s¸z"¸—"XNWáyZZ ìg™tZèÐyZÂ ë • B‚}gvëž•ë Â•XÐVâ-LZ~!ZZ 1•ñWáyZZ Yk(,j»yZ™}Š„e)ì;g}ŠäƒCŠci~]zŒÅyZ ÃyZgzZì;g™tZèÐyZvZX15•eWX¸ (E •gDƒ{Ze {zž@X(ÇƒèEG4<¼X žì;g :gzZÏƒ7q{ZÃnÆyZ]gˆtÅyZgzZìàhy„Zeá$ÆeZ@äVM •vß{ztX16•eZZ XÏAeZ@ÃyZ„ •ìgƒxzøùÐÝzgÅeZ@ÅwÎgoožwV« {zgzZì@YáðÓÅyZvZÂìêŠ; Ýzgs§ÙC™°vW òŠWqZž‰ì,ZwVÅ yZX17•eW tgzZ•ñ0ZgzZ•fÍÔ•}¾vßtX18•eZZX(ì@YƒÈ9Šª)X•DY•~}ƒ0Z XÐÃW7s§Å„ Zgñ¦ wV~uzŠ~uzŠÅòzøÐÝzgÅeZ@Åoo Å`¤tÂÌ®gzZ`¤Å ð gzZì@ƒÌZƒ0Z~TƒyÃî»lg!~y•Wž‰wV~uzŠcX19•eW •eWXì@yÃVßZzäÑ:yZZb§kZà¬vZÂ•f}ŠVÄZ~Vâ»ÐgeÆ]ñ™ geÐiZzW •f^xŠP{z~ÝzgkZÌQ1 ìCYáâÛŒ ðÓÅV\WÅyZÂìL{zZ Ð®ÅðX20 gŠ‡6qÙCvZgzZ@YáVâzŠðZÛgzZðÓÅ yZÂLevZ¤ZX•DY{g}9™ugÂì@YƒZƒ0ZZ 1 ì tòZÐqÃgzŠ ¬ ÅÚŠÐñzZiIèsÜÃ]!ÙCÅkZ…gzZXì[ÂÅ]cZ@nÆ Ï0i¯ÎÅ*ŠkZÝZgŠu0x¯ ;ìM$ª tÐkZ…X’e9ŠÌÐyZCÑçñO xÓ ÅkZXìŠHwi*yWÛŒZg7~[ZŽÆkZÂ3Š3ZgJ¦…ž¶žâ¬Šäë~BÃ{Î X1 XX•ˆÅyÒ¬gîÆ [ZŽÆY¬Š~gø]cW kZ°’ebŠ™¿~g¯6kZ™yâ9‚ÎÃeWÙCnkZXì[ÂFÑ!Ðµz—ˆyWÛŒèaX2 3âÐwŠ°X3â™™gzZÆ„zg¨6yZñOÅŠNZñ0Zžì@™yÒÌt~ˆà¬vZ 1XÇƒ{GÃÐ ,Š™È−7h×'™|7Ã]cWceWnkZXìYCÌ]!ßÑZz äCZuzŠðÃXìsªZzž,™êŠpXÐ :FX( Æ™c6kZ~:WgzZ¸DY™J]cWPëž•ë ñy¢]|XèG4FC 6ŸËÆ™gXaÎ6kZgzZ *™¸Ì…ÂX¸DZÙCŠ¿¸™J]cWgzZPÐ~*™ÑQˆÆkZ¸ïŠ™qzÑ¿™™b§~g7 ’e $ZuzŠ êŠžðŠ Ì™0CZgzZŠg^{zXìCƒÂ¹yTÅ¬o1Dƒ7ÂðÃ+TñVâzŠÛ•»gzZáZzyZZ VßßZÆ *ŠÐyZž@’e ãƒÆµ—%yTÅyZ ~wŠLZ…X•Dƒvßu*ç¸gzZXì CƒÂyTÅ¬o XnYHƒXÐÑÆyZgzZ¿#Å V7ŠÔe×ÅVJZ ž@ñYHu| ._Æ ~yZžì@™yÒ~{•gÎ „u0x¯yT ~(Ðƒ ÅyZXìYYT6ËË™âiWg!g!ÃyZ1ì ÆyZX( 204•eW)X•Dƒà¡ZÐg0Z1•DY0g7~ VÍß „ÐT@ƒD»ä™'! X’e*ƒegœ»

Surah (chapter) of the like thereof and call your witnesses (supporters and helpers) besides

Allah, if you are truthful. 2-24. But if you do it not, and you can never do it, then fear the Fire (Hell) whose fuel is men and stones, prepared for the disbelievers. Good News for Believers ™aÎÌ»ZbgzZZwªXÏƒ~¸lpÅegZ-ggzZ`ZHHnÆÝñyZÂ ÐNWáyZZ6ÏŠŽñÅvZŽgzZ 'â:c¢yâ]!ÅÑì4BWÏyÃžß™ê 2-25. And give glad tidings to those who believe and do righteous good deeds, that for them will be Gardens under which rivers flow (Paradise). Every time they will be provided with a fruit

therefrom, they will say: "This is what we were provided with before," and they will be given

things in resemblance (i.e. in the same form but different in taste) and they shall have therein

Azwajun Mutahharatun (purified mates or wives), (having no menses, stools, urine, etc.) and

they will abide therein forever. 1 ìêŠ}ŠeZ@Ã¼ÐwVkZ1&7ÌïŠwVÅŽ‰qKgÐKgðÃnÆwVà¬vZ X•!ÎtŽ•Dƒvß,Zt1•DYƒ{Ze¼ 2-26. Verily, Allah is not ashamed to set forth a parable even of a mosquito or so much more

when it is bigger (or less when it is smaller) than it. And as for those who believe, they know

that it is the Truth from their Lord, but as for those who disbelieve, they say: "What did Allah

intend by this parable?" By it He misleads many, and many He guides thereby. And He misleads thereby only those who are Al-Fasiqun (the rebellious, disobedient to Allah). Who are

the losers 2-27. Those who break Allah's Covenant after ratifying it, and sever what Allah has

ordered to be joined (as regards Allah's Religion of Islamic Monotheism, and to practise its

legal laws on the earth and also as regards keeping good relations with kith and kin ), and do

mischief on earth, it is they who are the losers. 8»wZÎgzZqZnÆ yàÅà¬vZ zŠ[ZŽÆVßZÎyZÂ ìg0™7ê»ÏŠŽñÅvZ¤ZÌÐWÎ6VÂ!ÅJ[ZžìØ7wZÎ à¬vZ 2-28.How can you disbelieve in Allah? Seeing that you were dead and He gave you life. Then

He will give you death, then again will bring you to life (on the Day of Resurrection) and then

unto Him you will return. XÇñYW¢»QÂß™g¨6kZXìð¯nÆwEZ~ *ŠkZÆy¨ZqÙCÅ}ižì@ÑŠŠcà¬vZ 2-29. He it is Who created for you all that is on earth. Then He Istawa (rose over) towards the

heaven and made them seven heavens and He is the All-Knower . tòZ $ª žcìŠŽñvZž ß™êÆ™g¨7VÂ!4Z?[Zž•ë¥#ÆkZìn}gø[ZÝZgŠqÃgt yÃÐ~yZXì7ŠŽñžtZuzŠgzZXìŠŽñvZžì;gÈ9Ž{zqZX•BW„zŠsÜk0}gøX7 ~]yWgzZì*ƒ{0i{g!zŠäëˆÆä%gzZìCYƒ9]!ÅÑ¤Z X•f™ê»kZXì4BW‚ ÐNY}gâáZzgïZgzZÐ•g~}GÃáZz+â]!ÅÑÂ cWòcizŠ¼ gzZ[Â[ˆ~ Ï0i :gzZáZz+â]!ÅÑgÂ ì7cizŠ¼ ðÃgzZìCWòß]!ÅÑ¤ZXÐ•gÀZwnÆågzZ „._ÆVßßZ¯ÎÃVâ¨ZÌQnÆ•g%ÆØ<è~ Ï0iÅ*ŠkZèYXÐ•g'Z'áZz +â Â{z7ðÃÂ{GÃCZi~kZ»ÑžìÌtzzÅkZXZƒÑZzÑBW4ÂXfƒÇ}7xg‰„qZXÇ}7xg Xì;g}Š)gZzÐs§ÅvZ sÜ $ZuzŠ &ëQÂ•fyâÃvZë¤ZXX7žcìŠŽñvZžÇƒ*™ê ¬Ð "7ÐWÐkZ ÃyWÛŒX1 {GÃðÃQ Â…â7¤ZXÐ³7ÐWÆ™{ŠZgZ»¿6yWÛŒQgzZ ÐNY0áZzyZZÐ~VÍßÆn XÐNYƒÐ~VßZzä™¬ëèYÇƒ7 ™gzŠ—CZXB™{gtXB™cÐVzuzŠÔB™a^gBÎÌyŠæžì~gz¢nkZ ÂX2 J c•ð¯äy¨ZÌË•D™wEZëŽèq# xÓÅ*Š ?ìyÃ{zÂì&lg!gzZðÃñOÅvZ¤ZXB ?X•ð¯ävZ ;gÈ HvZž •ÚŠbÑŠh×'äëž³7AÐWQÂ Ô•wzeZâZeXìg0™7 êJ[Z ¤ZX3 Ïƒã‚W~äÑyZZž@Xì ² òŠWwzeZâZeX•Mƒ[x»~Ï0i°Z*™êÂ•Dƒä™Ÿ…ÙCxŠÙC~Ï0iž èEG4£gŠcX4 XìêŠÅµZñ XåcC~1976~M%ÔZ ÃzeZgßÃÔgeeä·–1Z ›•›âqZ=i§»yZZ6à¬vZ X5 žð¯¨DqZäkZÂX’e*ƒù{zÂìð¯]Ñ»täTìZ}ðÃ ¤ZžHwZÎÐ\ZZLZäkZ ƒ {z •ˆÅyÒ]ÌŽÅvZ~yWÛŒèYŠƒy›gzZS7[ÂÅØ<èÙCäkZQX’e*ƒ(ZÃZ} X‰._Æ¨ÅkZ ;gYcC}g!ÑÆöZaKZÐZQ~qÃgŒZÐVŒèY’e*WáyZZÃòŠWqZ™VJVŒX5 Xì qÃgåa VYÐZ XìF6ÂgÎZðZ’ZÅJæW~*ŠkZÐiZ%Æ÷ZagzZÑÆöZaÅy¨Z [ZqÃgåa XìˆÅyÒ~VÂgÎ‹Z ,ÅkZåŠÑïÐ¼ ÑXHZaÃy¨ZnÆä™ÙCªÃ\WLZå:Z•ÖqZ~žìyâÛ•» à¬vZ._ ÆÏŠ guqZ ÂìÑZzä™3g ìy×g v† Xì¬»ä™ZatÜZ._ÆÚÅVñ*ÆvZ…._Æ~*™ HZa~C ÅZ}Ãy¨Zžì9ª!XXXÇƒ*3Š™0y×gnÆVz06gzZVzgâYVâ¨Z}uzŠ Ì… iGenesis 1:26

Then God said, "Let us make mankind in our image, in our likeness, so that they may rule over the fish in the sea and the birds in the sky, over the livestock and all the wild animals, and over

all the creatures that move along the ground."Genesis 1:28 ?God blessed them and said to

them, "Be fruitful and increase in number; fill the earth and subdue it. Rule over the fish in the

sea and the birds in the sky and over every living creature that moves on the ground." wV+4ÅkZaXìSeÌZgzgzZìCYÂZ¢ÐqqZ{zìqà~ ]¡ã¨Zžì/ŠZgø à¬vZnÏZhá•X•Te~p„¢ˆÆY•DY7úÆÄcgŠÆq5žìwq¸Ì»Vz(• Ãy¨ZúÆTÇƒxÅZ Z(ÐƒtXÇA™Y¼ sÜgZhŠ»vZX•gD™ÄcgŠ /~g‚žìLg— X’e´ŠÎÏ0i~g‚ ._Æ]â©ZÆkZëž ì56}i™¯&¾yZ²ÔÁÔfîiZcÑCZ…äà¬vZnkZ E-4$ Æã¨Z±gzZÅ«¢ &Åä™ŸgzZXH«{zåD~gz¢ŽnÆ ïH.EAGkZgzZXN`Æ™xOZ» }i ä™ZaÏ0iã¨ZäkZ{z‰]cgz¢ŽnÆägZ¦Ï0iÅy¨ZgzZX~ŠÌ¢ &~gZzZa nÆö Xì[W~yWÆqÃg}uzŠ™f»T‰à™g»¬Ð Ÿ~*Š™wïÐ¼ ÐZÐä™êßnkZåY™ÌŸßB‚Æ9tÂ ~Š~ŠZiWÅŸÐZZ 1 ÃyZÂžƒfe\ZÅ]cZ@«ŽNWÌZ Ï•gQB‚ÆÜ‰zeZ@ðZ}y¯yz»žŠcŠCgzZŠcŠ Ô*™7gZÜZ6ãZ6X*™¿6yZ™yâ Man's Status and Role on Earth

MAN is as vice reagent, because of knowledge and free will given to him by Allah. Satan refuses to accept superiority of man, turns his enemy, gets them out of heavens into the earth,

aims to misguide, all human beings from recognizing ALLAh as the Creator and ascribe

partners to HIM,till the Dooms Day but Allah promises to keep on providing guidance to

mankind.(verses 30 to39) kZž¹äà¬vZ ÂXÇ}Šî]g¸zO~*ŠÂtžÑì{zÂHÙCª6V¤Û•Ã{ŠZgZÆä™Zay¨Zäà¬vZ X7?Vƒ}Y„~ÕÅ 2-30. And (remember) when your Lord said to the angels: "Verily, I am going to place

(mankind) generations after generations on earth." They said: "Will You place therein those who will make mischief therein and shed blood, - while we glorify You with praises and thanks

(Exalted be You above all that they associate with You as partners) and sanctify You." He

(Allah) said: "I know that which you do not know." @ƒD„z 7ZèYXnC:{zŽƒCx*ÆVzqÅ]Ñ» žŠ1< »V¤Û•nÆä™ÙCªzzÅŸKZ ã`*Š™Yäy¨ZkZžðCzzävZAX‰ƒ>~<ºÛ• Â ñŠCäxŠW²ìêŠà¬vZŽì Vƒ;g¯nkZXì HÝq†ŸZ~ D}g!kZ„Ðä™wZÎ »nÙC6kZQ6T Xì @ƒ qzÑ„Ðx*D»Vzq E Xì@ƒ«Ãaã¨ZÙC~^ÅçEG.28EŽ å cŠâÛ•«D»Vñ*xÓÃ ðxŠW]|äà¬vZnÏZXì @Y E Xì@Yƒv~gÅgzZg¯Z•ÐçEG.28ED»kZì@ƒ¢x»ŽÐaT._Æ}iZ0ZgzZwìLZ}÷ ÅDÆYß(gzZ"‚ Ã*Š!fž‰ì©`nÆwzgZÌÃVñ¸à¬vZžì@ƒ»Vñ¸wq¸ x»}uzŠ•M™x»„zì@ƒD»qqZË…ì@ƒwqb§ÅV¤Û•ÌZgøXìZƒOnÆ’g7 ƒ oÃaËÆoÌË nÏZXì@Y5nÆÑm{Ëy¨ZqZÙCžZƒx¥ÐkZÂXM™7 E Xì@WáÙC!ÐZwjâXì@ƒŠŽñ~çEG.28EÆkZXÇá™¼ƒ {zÂ,Šwjâ 2-31. And He taught Adam all the names (of everything) , then He showed them to the angels and said, "Tell Me the names of these if you are truthful." 2-32. They (angels) said: "Glory be to

You, we have no knowledge except what you have taught us. Verily, it is You, the All-Knower, the All-Wise." 2-33. He said: "O Adam! Inform them of their names," and when he had informed them of their names, He said: "Did I not tell you that I know the Ghaib (unseen) in the heavens

and the earth, and I know what you reveal and what you have been concealing?"

Satan refuses to accept Adam's superiority due to self pride and turns into the Enemy of

Mankind and gets them out of Heaven cŠ™gïZä+Z11™äVrZÂz™{>ÃxŠZZžŠ¹ÃV¤Û•6äƒ>ÆV¤Û•gzZk0ÆxŠW~ < 2-34. And (remember) when We said to the angels: "Prostrate yourselves before Adam.". And

they prostrated except Iblis (Satan), he refused and was proud and was one of the disbelievers

(disobedient to Allah). Æy-1XcŠnÆ<ÆyZ¬»äY:dÛŒÆ|gŠqZ1ˆ~Šö;g~¼ Ã ~çÅkZgzZxŠW ZwzZcŠwïÐ¼ 7ZävZÂ‰ƒ>~< Æ~ZŠÎâÛ•gzZ‰dÛŒÆ|gŠ~zÇƒ7¼ ž6}gt cŠ™ÌsçävZgzZà8â°ç6x`Æàz°¬ äxŠWXcŠŸ6}ignÆ ¿ 2-35. And We said: "O Adam! Dwell you and your wife in the Paradise and eat both of you freely

with pleasure and delight of things therein as wherever you will, but come not near this tree or

you both will be of the Zalimun (wrong-doers)."2-36. Then the Shaitan (Satan) made them slip

therefrom (the Paradise), and got them out from that in which they were. We said: "Get you

down, all, with enmity between yourselves. On earth will be a dwelling place for you and an

enjoyment for a time." XcŠ™ÌsçävZgzZà8â°ç6x`Æàz°¬ äxŠW 2-37. Then Adam received from his Lord Words . And his Lord pardoned him (accepted his

repentance). Verily, He is the One Who forgives (accepts repentance), the Most Merciful.

Allah sends Adam and Eve to earth and tells mankind to follow the guidance whenever it

comes ¿6]cZ@yZgzZX Ï•gQ]cZ@ óg’ ˆÆÜ‰zÜ‰z }g!kZìãgZ¦Ï0iù6}ižŠcŠCÃxŠW XÏAZwÐZÇäâ7ŽgzZÇAxÅZÐZÇáyâŽXÇƒ~gz¢*™ 2-38. We said: "Get down all of you from this place (the Paradise), then whenever there comes

to you Guidance from Me, and whoever follows My Guidance, there shall be no fear on them,

nor shall they grieve. 2-39. But those who disbelieve and belie Our Ayat (proofs, evidences,

verses, lessons, signs, revelations, etc.) such are the dwellers of the Fire, they shall abide

therein forever. tòZ z˜Æ~çÅkZgzZxŠW ÝZgŠ6}ikZ ëžXìŒ6bÃc;#ã¨Z òsZÝZgŠqÃgtX1 câÛ•ä~*™ÑnÏZ• ë:{{~q˜ZÅ*ŠÃTXåŠ5 *ŠnÆ¿ ZwÅãâÛ•*7ZÔ• ]cZ@V˜XìCYÈnÆ

Greek religion, Ancient Roman religion, Basque mythology, Finnish paganism, Celtic

polytheism, Germanic paganism, etc.). The Roman Empire officially adopted Christianity in AD

380. yZZ g!g!ÅyZ~T•]cW}g!V-Š· J123•eW qÃg,sÎÐ 40•eWÔqÃg¸a ŠctgzZ ìZƒyÒbŠ™sçg!g!»à¬:4vZgzZ Ô´âÛ•Å]÷ZpY"Ðà¬vZÔV5Ü{°zÔäYQÐ zc{zÆTì+Š»•Z'Z]|„ztž ì;gY¹»äÑyZZ6kZågOZ7Z»TÑ~yWÃV-Š·™Z™ X•‰ñŠ8Š ¿sÜVŒnkZ•ãZzÇ!]cWèaX¶zzÅgïZž7+Š*ðÃ ¸g» `g¦w‚ÄÃV-Š·¬Ð]tÅ~*™Ñžì~gz¢bŠ*Û•ìNnÆK]!~wì}÷ ~¸žì@ƒ"UÐkZXZ77tÛ•ðÃ~V-zgÆ V-Š·1 •`g¦w‚Ä~ 2018`WgzZ¸ XX—$7Ì~V-œ `nÆwzgcx»m{ËÃx¸Ëà¬vZJZ X•6]¡„qZÐV-œÌvßÆu0zyR' ì 1` nÆä™»Ãgz04ÅM%ZÃyZ ~wì }÷Xx¸ì‰Xs$7Ì~V-œtJA© 1Ï}™„]ZfÅvZÌê»6U>¶~gøXìˆƒqZÑ*™½ÃkZ{z~w‚,™vYÐ ’ D{z° Ïìg~zq Yß(gzZ"‚JZ XîYW6k ÅgZŒQëˆÆk °EZ ÇƒAtžì4,Z= XÐÃ07Þ.‡Æ«£~Dy› XñYHIÐäCZbzg{hI*,ZÃVâ›žìÌtÑqZÐäCbzgt~ yWÛŒ gƒÑÅXè‡X Šá•y×°Z†X ÷eg

Usborne Encyclopedia of World History

Prophet Tree Poster in Arabic with age/date refs from Kitab Al Aqidah Ila Salamiyat by

Sheikh Abdurrahman Habnakah Bce=before christian era ( / w‚õg@ 9 Nuh/Noah ðbâ tZ² w‚950 3900bce-2900bce15,000bce-8000bce ŠÑzZÅbâ0 x‚Š¬µ G~^[²!† w‚ 150 2500bce-2200bce Šƒ @7»x‚ ŠVµÆZgzZ{ÅZ~ŠZz yxgŠÆxá•gzZis w‚58 2000bce-1900bce Ô™ X -H# GdÛŒÆyzçEG.24 ]Ãz~¦¯Æ•Z'Z]| Gé5.G7› àÆ gZ w‚175 1861bce-1687bce oß X -H# G~yzçE.G24 lQ ¦Æ™]óÐ Gé5.G7› w‚175 1950bce 1761bce-1686bce •Z'Z l 7ÂgÎZ ðÃ ³•Z yzçE.G24X w‚175X180 1761bce-1581bce tGZ G~yzçEG.24X ¸‰•~^ 1öZa}ys w‚140c147 1900bce1800bce-1653bce [© xÝ~^ w‚110 1610bce-1500bce Š-

[²àÑw‚ 110 1600bce-1500bce? -

¦QgzZ^:ZzQ+æ™v¸ öZaÅ^ w‚120 1436bce-1316bce Ïñ ÅãZxˆÆ]ñÅ]ßY 6•zk w‚122 1439bce-1317bce yzg; g4‘ b§kZX¸ñƒZa¬gZÙD3841'Z'1813¦2028 Ð|W•Z'Z]|Ð[ˆkZXì]æÅ¬ÐöZaÅðö G]|~÷egÆn XBwï]æÆ™¦w‚2018Æ~{ÍŠŽñ~õg@ˆ~Š\ZZ 1813 Abraham born

ca. of BibleResearchTools.Wordpress.com

1850/1750/1700

Abraham & Sarah, Isaac & Ishmael, famine forced Israelites to migrate to Egypt

1800 First Jerusalem city wall built

ca. 1792-1750 Hammurabi

ca. 1750-1200 Hittite empire gzN» Þ.!»Šz!1765 The Tower of Babel 1743 Origin of traditions of the "Abrahamic covenant"

1713 Isaac born; Abraham circumcises himself; Sodom

& Gomorrah destroyed

ca. 1700-1550 Hyksos in Egypt

1677 Isaac prepared as sacrifice; Sarah dies

1653 Jacob born ¶ðƒ¬w‚3656]ÃzÅ•Z'Z]| 1638 Abraham dies ca. 1600-1150 Kassite period (Babylonia)

1590 Isaac blesses Jacob instead of Esau.

ca. 1570-1085 New Kingdom period (Egypt)

1569 Jacob marries Leah 1565 Levi born

1562 Joseph born

1546 Joseph sold into slavery

1533 Isaac dies

1532 Joseph becomes viceroy of Egypt

Compliments 5

1523 Jacob and his family join Joseph in Egypt Ð]ÃzÅ•Z'Z]|ªX¸‰ƒŠ!W™Y ^Ð¦ ¬w‚3541ª 2018¦1523Ð`ZZ ŠÑzZÅyZgzZ[©]| X¸ñƒÎ^ ˆw‚ 115'Z'3541t3656 ca. 1500-1200 Ugaritic texts ¬w‚3470ª 1452 Joseph dies 1429 Egyptian enslavement of the Hebrews begins HqzÑ*¯xÝÃLZuZµäV-^¬w‚3457 'Z'2018¦1429 X¶ˆƒqzÑòÝ„ˆw‚13 sÜÐ]ÃzÅŠ- ]|Xå ‰ƒ*‡6]gˆÔðOZ Ô® ZgfÅ^„¢Ð zzÅ ðŠ-]|X¸ ÷gzZëÑ ¹LZuZµ *¯xÝÃyZ6gîÆ¿ŠggzZ ‰ƒqzÑ*ƒnZg*Ð¼ZÅLZuZµvßò£Æ eÒZ~^ ÐT XñWðÏñ]|„nÆäZrÃX XŠ1™ qzÑ DgzZ„ ( ™0g!¤ÐpÒàâžì;g„Gé5kG$zg»i§»yZ•ìg™Y~oÌ T~Š·ˆÆkZ ÔwzNÏ(ÔwzN àâ sÜÆVÍßÀßõg@ÅyZnkZXñYHwzN ~hLZÃVhÆwC *™ÑXåcŠ™gz$™Z±Ã`g•gzZkzZVXVâzŠž¸D™¸Ì~ÜæXì~7~½Ð VYÑegzZ/i‚ ™0ÔŠÆVâ›t„ÐyŠTXZ7*™íz° 7ZÂÅ~igzsÜÅVz@çiŠÙCˆÆ]óÅ~ [Z4zŠtgzZ¸ ‰0™ÆyZÐzzÅƒ#sÜÆV1²ÌãZkZˆÆìÅyZkZX•ìg™/i‚ BÎ{iZ0ZÐŠZ®ÅyZÔì„g^Ì Persian JewsX Persian Jews or Iranian Jews are Jews historically associated with the Persian Empire, whose successor state

is Iran. Judaism is the second-oldest religion still practiced in Iran. Wikipedia

Israel: 200,000–250,000

Canada: 1,000

Australia: ~740

Iran: 8,756–25,000 7,000 247,269 5,000India ¸ÌV;z[Z‰v¸M%ZtÂ cŠwï™gâÃyZäÓÂH¸sÜÆ]ZŠ¢Æ*`äV-Š·Ì~*` „b§ÅÓsÜÆyZÌeÒZð|yŠËX•‰W~B;ÆyZczgzZ}gZŠZàâÆM%Zž•ìg™ XåH¸äVrZÌ~¦XÏ}™ yZX’e*ƒØ…»X ÐNYƒx¥ bÑŠgzZwßZgzZG•Ð¹ÆxsZ Â,™Ðg¨~åH5_Å{kZ gzZìŠcŠ~8gcuÃyZX•DƒÍÑÌ6´)}gøwßZ¼XÏñYW™Å~È‘Û•~gø~ÝzgÅ XìŠHÌMÑg&Z

qÃgVZv0 ì;g™ÃÅä™wJxsZ ™Zz™ŠcV*!$KZÃV-Š·ÆÜæà¬vZ 2-40. O Children of Israel! Remember My Favour which I bestowed upon you, and fulfill (your

obligations to) My Covenant (with you) so that I fulfill (My Obligations to) your covenant (with

Me), and fear none but Me. 2-41. And believe in what I have sent down (this Qur'an), confirming

that which is with you, and the Injeel , and be not the first to disbelieve therein, and buy not

with My Verses [the Taurat (Torah) and the Injeel (Gospel)] a small price (i.e. getting a small

gain by selling My Verses), and fear Me and Me Alone. Ü1sXwßZòsZ ’eÜ1sgzZ’e*™?6Ì…ŽìI*Ösc^z5Å^Ñ~sžì;gâÛ•yÒ wßZqZtà¬vZ 2-42.And mix not truth with falsehood, nor conceal the truth [i.e. Muhammad Peace be upon him is Allah's Messenger and his qualities are written in your Scriptures, the Taurat (Torah) and

the Injeel (Gospel)] while you know (the truth) .

2-43. And perform As-Salat (Iqamat-as-Salat), and give Zakat, and Irka' (i.e. bow down or

submit yourselves with obedience to Allah) along with Ar-Raki'un. ÈÐkoXwßZòsZ YYc;„ ÐwVÅgZŠ™iZsÜx•» xsZèYX’e*™?6…Ž ìwßZÌÈÐko Xì 2-44. Enjoin you Al-Birr (piety and righteousness and each and every act of obedience to Allah)

on the people and you forget (to practise it) yourselves, while you recite the Scripture [the Taurat (Torah)]! Have you then no sense? vZ~]yWÃX•DƒÂnÆyZVâzŠ tXì¬»ä¯ =gfÃ iúgzZñnÆ ä™ÝqŠæÅvZ @ƒ7¢»YÐ kZgzZ3Zzs§Å 2-45. And seek help in patience and As-Salat (the prayer) and truly it is extremely heavy and

hard except for Al-Khashi'un [i.e. the true believers in Allah - those who obey Allah with full submission, fear much from His Punishment, and believe in His Promise (Paradise, etc.) and in

His Warnings (Hell, etc.)]. 2-46. (They are those) who are certain that they are going to meet

their Lord, and that unto Him they are going to return. tòZ xsZ Âì;g}ŠgZÛŒ~gz¢*ÑyZZ6yZ„B‚Æ&¤Å gZgzZ]ZgÂyWÛŒžì;gYcCtÃV-Š·X1 IZgzZƒÖ:Ã¸ÅäWÆÑ~yW~]ZgÂžì;gZ™Šc„B‚XƒWáyZZnkZXì ½Z'Z+Š„qZ èYDYƒy›Ì[²ÂDWáyZZŠ·¤ZèYX´:áZzä™gïZ„?¬ÐƒŠŽz!Æäƒ[Â X¸ìg™gOZ»Ñ~yW~Š·žåØÃyZ XƒÖÃs„:gzZz™^z5Å^Ñ~kZ„:ÔzŠ•gsZg7Ã sžì;gCwßZ …à¬vZ X2 Vâ› vßèYìY’x•»xsZÐÏZz™ì‡ wVÅgZŠ™CZfžì;gCÌwßZt… à¬vZX3 ¸„XZgø`W X@ƒ7WOÌðÃÐ¶ŠCðYZã!isÜÐ3âÃðCgzZðZ(ÅØ<è„™NŠÃgZŠ™Æ E45_ Xì;gÈ*ƒ:øGð»à¬vZÃÏZXìúâ~ä;ÆxsZ„gZŠ™Zgøžì :g(Z¿ŠggzZ*™ñVCò]gßÅ¿#gzZgïZÆVÍß~äàx•žXì;gCi§»`âŠæ à¬vZX4 ÆvZgzZ3Zzs§Å]yW7ZžìtzzÅkZÂ D™7VâzŠtŽX’eÓâŠæ)gfÆiúgzZ’e*™ X@ƒ 7¢6[Â[ˆ XÂeäƒ„qZ]ZŠNZXMƒ7´)~kZQÂì Ø<è„qZxsZX5 qÃgÙ •gë¤~°tÐzzÏZÔX•B4ÐƒÃLZXìÌ`WgzZì„gx¸÷gzZ•fÐå~Š· ~F'6VÍßåt1•}hð¹~ŠZ®p¤ZgzZXì¹Ìt·ZgzZŠŽZX•BuÑe¹ Ã\WLZgzZ D™wEZnÆw¡ZÆyZñO Åð>ÅVâ¨Zå && ~ŠÅvZgzZ• f™ÝqwzNgzZ ¼Zž•DYwÈqqZ1X•DYƒ~zq6Vñ¸t„)gfÆkZgzZìïá•g!zg»~ŠÎ~XX•Tg GE ¿ŠgZ 1XìC™“ ZŠ'gzZìCƒÅwŠ}(âÀeÒZXìË$™wzç.2± nÆá²¼sÜ6eÒZ Xì;gƒ„(ZB‚ÆV-Š·g!ÙCXQ7{C }Ã¼ZÂìC™ÙCª èYåHÙCª¿Šg:ÓªÚZäVrZž¶Å•w HLZuZ µB‚ÆyúÛ• žåëZ¹wZÎqZn}÷ »x¸ÀßgzZ'x¸F'ÐƒÐg±Z#Ã\ZZLZzzÅkZXåH¿ŠgJ„ÚZÌäx¸ð`~äâi }gø Xìˆ~Š~<ïKZÅV-Š·Xì*™x»sÜÆ]ZŠ¢ÆyZgzZw¡Z 1X¶Å«’g7™}ŠªzŠÅxsZ~äâikZÝZgŠtX~Š¤~=¬»ä~žì@âÛ•à¬vZ Xì@™Zab)nÆyZ„~F'kˆZtgzZìà™¤nÆå ÐZäVrZ 2-47. O Children of Israel! Remember My Favour which I bestowed upon you and that I

preferred you to the 'Alamin (mankind and jinns) (of your time period, in the past). tnÆvÐ½ZÌðÃsÜLZnkZ •DYƒ sÜÆyZ ÀßÐzzÅ w¡Z~Š· ƒìg™ wEZ"wŽnÆ1zgs»Z~*ŠkZž ì;gÑŠŠcà¬vZnkZX•D™O»s»Zå "w¸(ÙC åy¨ZXz™: wEZÌ~*ŠgzZzgeÐvZnkZ XÐÃƒ7wEZ~]yWtÔ {z X•MYAŠ~yÎ0•D™wEZ the apparent haughty sense of being a chosen people, .When Josephs brothers went into

Egypt, they had the best life anyone could imagine. With Pharaohs blessing, Joseph was the de

facto ruler of Egypt. Pharaoh supported the unity of the Hebrews. He gave the best land in

Egypt exclusively to them and let them cultivate their unique way of life—continuously enhancing unity—not only uninterrupted, but with his full support.When Moses came along, he

knew that the only way to save the Hebrews was to pull them out of Egypt, out of the egoism

that was destroying their relations

2-48. And fear a Day (of Judgement) when a person shall not avail another, nor will

intercession be accepted from him nor will compensation be taken from him nor will they be

helped. 7wJxsZgzZZƒ7WZ¼Ì»kZ1Xz™~gZˆ@gîÆt]žì ;gZ™ã;ŠŠcÅäXÐÕÆyúÛ• à¬vZ XH 2-49. And (remember) when We delivered you from Fir'aun's (Pharaoh) people, who were

afflicting you with a horrible torment, killing your sons and sparing your women, and therein

was a mighty trial from your Lord. 2-50. And (remember) when We separated the sea for you and saved you and drowned Fir'aun's

(Pharaoh) people while you were looking (at them, when the sea-water covered them). å cŠ™sç»ävZ1X¸ TgD ™qzÑV*âÛ•g!g!*™wÈÃvZå?žì ;gZ™Šcà¬vZ 2-51. And (remember) when We appointed for Musa (Moses) forty nights, and (in his absence) you took the calf (for worship), and you were Zalimun (polytheists and wrong-doers, etc.). 2-52.

Then after that We forgave you so that you might be grateful. 2-53. And (remember) when We

gave Musa (Moses) the Scripture [the Taurat (Torah)] and the criterion (of right and wrong) so that you may be guided aright. 2-54. And (remember) when Musa (Moses) said to his people: "O my people! Verily, you have wronged yourselves by worshipping the calf. So turn in repentance

to your Creator and kill yourselves (the innocent kill the wrongdoers among you), that will be

better for you with your Lord." Then He accepted your repentance. Truly, He is the One Who

accepts repentance, the Most Merciful. &ZegzZoÑÅäÑyZZ ™NŠÃZ}ñOÅ+âäVrZÂ å*7'âÃV-Š·ˆÆY]ZgÂÃ Ïñ]| XˆàZeªf6yZÐzzÅXìgD™•w5Ð5g@ÎˆÆkZX~Š™ 2-55. And (remember) when you said: "O Musa (Moses)! We shall never believe in you till we

see Allah plainly." But you were seized with a thunderbolt (lightning) while you were looking.

2-56. Then We raised you up after your death, so that you might be grateful.

Allah provides them heavenly food and water in the desert ,without any effort but they

remained ungrateful. Allah sent misery and humiliation as a result of repeated disobedience.

2-57. And We shaded you with clouds and sent down on you Al-Manna and the quails, (saying):

"Eat of the good lawful things We have provided for you," (but they rebelled). And they did not wrong Us but they wronged themselves. 2-58. And (remember) when We said: "Enter this town

(Jerusalem) and eat bountifully therein with pleasure and delight wherever you wish, and enter the gate in prostration (or bowing with humility) and say: 'Forgive us,' and We shall forgive you

your sins and shall increase (reward) for the good-doers."2-59. But those who did wrong

changed the word from that which had been told to them for another, so We sent upon the wrong-doers Rijzan (a punishment) from the heaven because of their rebelling against Allah's

Obedience. (Tafsir At-Tabari, Vol. I, Page 305). tòZ ÐZ„ge»ZwnÏZXìLeRß s§Åä™è%KZñOÅ•g~»e gzZ~gZŠÎâÛ•åy¨ZX1 XìC™ Zƒ{Šci]¡t~VÍßëÑgzZ•f{Šci XìðƒyÒwV+4ÅV-Š·XìYÄgJ¦ ‰6gî{ÃÏñ]|Z ¶~Š™qzÑ46"„ˆyŠ:esÜÆ]•ÐyúÛ•äV-Š·‰X2 Æ7Z[ôZ Xì@Y< s§Å„ZeÅä™è%KZÐeZ@~¢~(y¨Zžì@Yƒ{iZ0ZÐkZX¸ Ã]g¸zO ~ÃÅ~Š!W Ü‰z‘VÎ0X¶ˆƒqzÑQ¶ˆug46"Jw‚kŠˆÆç6l X,Š™qzÑV*âÛ•*ñOÅä™ZŠZ]»vZgzZ‰ wÈ,`'

XVƒLe*™"UÐ¨ÅVßZzÝ.xÅZÞ.â~tX•ñƒÇggZÛŒ'~F'KZ~ŠðG3;XG(X3

At least 201 Jews and people of half- or three-quarters-Jewish ancestry have been awarded X the Nobel Prize,1 accounting for 23% of all individual recipients worldwide between 1901 and

2017, and constituting 37% of all US recipients2 during the same period.3 In the scientific research fields of Chemistry, Economics, Physics, and Physiology/Medicine, the corresponding world and US percentages are 26% and 39%, respectively. Among women laureates in the four research fields, the Jewish percentages (world and US) are 33% and 50%, respectively. Of organizations awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, 21% were founded principally by Jews or by people of half-Jewish descent. Since the turn of the century (i.e., since the year

2000), Jews have been awarded 26% of all Nobel Prizes and 28% of those in the scientific research fields. (Jews currently make up approximately 0.2% of the world's population and 2% of the US population.)

sÜÐZëìZƒH<»I:Ì¼ÐˆyWÛŒäVâ›ëžì*CtÑZ÷Ð¶Š,kZXX4 ž CƒÅïÅwZÎkZsÜäë¤ZXÅ7„ÒÃÅI¼ äënkZgzZX•ìgB[ÂÅØ<è ÔIèÔ±àZzäƒÐ m!$ÅyZ ~V-œ&zŠÔ há•ëÂ¶ðƒVYsÜÚZÆ yZx¸ÅkZgzZ yúÛ• ÐpÒ~„ÔdÔ6f»yZÌ…žVƒLeÜÅ@WÅVâ› Ð~SkZXDY$ÐVØi‚Ï(Ôàâ vZÐ‚fA{zèYXìY™„y›x¬qZsÜÃkZXM™7ÉgIè}gøŽ¶]gz¢Åä™¨£ Xì@™ÒÃÅä™wEZ~Ï0iÃ$ÝqÐkZgzZXì@™ÒÃÅKgzZì k7Ãx¯Æ yZcˆ~Š]iYZÃyZ„:gzZŠH7ïá•~}pIè}uzŠgzZ u0x¯ÌLÃVâ›x¬Ð¬$X5 °ñYÅðZÛ‚Z,jÅVâ›x¬ žì]gz¢ÅÜ‰zX•‰{gúë„ÐzzÅTXìˆÅðZÛ‚Z,jÅ XÏƒe6U>¶~gø qÃgVÂ‚ Xìˆ~Š™~g¤¾gzZªf6yZÐ VEâÛ•*gzZÒÃÅ“uÑeg!g!ÅV-Š· 2-60. And (remember) when Musa (Moses) asked for water for his people, We said: "Strike the

stone with your stick." Then gushed forth therefrom twelve springs. Each (group of) people

knew its own place for water. "Eat and drink of that which Allah has provided and do not act

corruptly, making mischief on the earth." 2-61. And (remember) when you said, "O Musa

(Moses)! We cannot endure one kind of food. So invoke your Lord for us to bring forth for us of

what the earth grows, its herbs, its cucumbers, its Fum (wheat or garlic), its lentils and its

onions." He said, "Would you exchange that which is better for that which is lower? Go you

down to any town and you shall find what you want!" And they were covered with humiliation

and misery, and they drew on themselves the Wrath of Allah. That was because they used to

disbelieve the Ayat (proofs, evidences, verses, lessons, signs, revelations, etc.) of Allah and

killed the Prophets wrongfully. That was because they disobeyed and used to transgress the

bounds (in their disobedience to Allah, i.e. commit crimes and sins).

tòZ ò*$~gø(ÙCÐzzÏZgzZ•‰ƒgë¤~~gFÅò{~gZŠ™Ô°Ô~gZ¦]*ÅvZÔ¡ KÌy›HX1 ì„gƒ qÃgVZ^W wßZ òsZ 4J& }™wqZ(gzZÌ6]yW x-gzZñÑyZZ6vZ ðÃŽÌ{z´ÆyZgzZÌŽÐ~èEG4E5G™ÔVÇ|ÔV-Š· XÇƒ§gzZsp„:yZ gzZÐN0Ð´âLZ `Z»kZÂ 2-62. Verily! Those who believe and those who are Jews and Christians, and Sabians,whoever

believes in Allah and the Last Day and do righteous good deeds shall have their reward with

their Lord, on them shall be no fear, nor shall they grieve . ¸DhÂ}°zGÐvZg!g!~Š· ùžBŠÂ Zƒ¬» %fÆñÇÔ}7*™:¿6x©ZÆvZž@¸ñƒGqzÑä¯ä·g@ÎäV-Š· n:$1XNY$ž•D™wZÎù 2-63. And (O Children of Israel, remember) when We took your covenant and We raised above you the Mount (saying): "Hold fast to that which We have given you, and remember that which is therein so that you may become Al-Muttaqun (the pious - see V.2:2). 2-64. Then after that you

turned away. Had it not been for the Grace and Mercy of Allah upon you, indeed you would have been among the losers. 2-65. And indeed you knew those amongst you who transgressed

in the matter of the Sabbath (i.e. Saturday). We said to them: "Be you monkeys, despised and

rejected." 2-66. So We made this punishment an example to their own and to succeeding

generations and a lesson to those who are Al-Muttaqun (the pious - see V.2:2). 2-67. And

(remember) when Musa (Moses) said to his people: "Verily, Allah commands you that you

slaughter a cow." They said, "Do you make fun of us?" He said, "I take Allah's Refuge from being among Al-Jahilun (the ignorants or the foolish)."2-68. They said, "Call upon your Lord for us that He may make plain to us what it is!" He said, "He says, 'Verily, it is a cow neither too old nor too young, but (it is) between the two conditions', so do what you are commanded." 2-69.

They said, "Call upon your Lord for us to make plain to us its colour." He said, "He says, 'It is a

yellow cow, bright in its colour, pleasing to the beholders.' " 2-70. They said, "Call upon your

Lord for us to make plain to us what it is. Verily to us all cows are alike, And surely, if Allah wills, we will be guided." 2-71. He [Musa (Moses)] said, "He says, 'It is a cow neither trained to

till the soil nor water the fields, sound, having no other colour except bright yellow.'

" They said, "Now you have brought the truth." So they slaughtered it though they were near to

not doing it.

qÃgVZâ C™ƒ{0iä}Š%ÂZƒ¬»ägâÐ}•qZÆñÇkZÂŠ7Z×}g!ÞL‡~RÆO~LZuZµ ‰ƒJgzZwŠÆyZñOÅ“gZŠ3âÛ•{zÌAcŠÌ3ŠÆ™{0i{Š%ävZÂXcŠ 2-72. And (remember) when you killed a man and fell into dispute among yourselves as to the

crime. But Allah brought forth that which you were hiding. 2-73. So We said: "Strike him (the

dead man) with a piece of it (the cow)." Thus Allah brings the dead to life and shows you His

Ayat (proofs, evidences, verses, lessons, signs, revelations, etc.) so that you may understand. LZuZ™m{•Ì~Š·Æ`W ]o»TX• DYƒJ b§ÅßwŠÆyZÐãâÛ•*Åg!g!ÅV-Š· ã=Æ 2-74. Then, after that, your hearts were hardened and became as stones or even worse in hardness. And indeed, there are stones out of which rivers gush forth, and indeed, there are of them (stones) which split asunder so that water flows from them, and indeed, there are of them

(stones) which fall down for fear of Allah. And Allah is not unaware of what you do. wßZòsZ YfÆyZ XÐNWáyZZ6xsZ{zžƒ D™yZÌQ?H™Í¼ƒtžìØ7ÐVâ›à¬vZ X¸ïŠ™spÃx¯ÆvZ ŠŽz!ÆK ~V1ÂÅyZŽÐNÖÌÃ]oÆðÍ7kZ ÅäWÆ9~yWÂtÉX•vßáZzä™è%KZt •‰ñŠ 2-75. Do you (faithful believers) covet that they will believe in your religion inspite of the fact

that a party of them (Jewish rabbis) used to hear the Word of Allah [the Taurat (Torah)], then

they used to change it knowingly after they understood it?. wßZòsZ X¸DÖÐVâ›t1XìZƒ–»äWÆÑ~yW~]ZgÂ 2-76. And when they (Jews) meet those who believe (Muslims), they say, "We believe", but

when they meet one another in private, they say, "Shall you (Jews) tell them (Muslims) what

Allah has revealed to you [Jews, about the description and the qualities of Prophet Muhammad

Peace be upon him , that which are written in the Taurat (Torah)] , that they (Muslims) may

argue with you (Jews) about it before your Lord?" Have you (Jews) then no understanding?

2-77. Know they (Jews) not that Allah knows what they conceal and what they reveal? wßZòsZ •TgD™nÛ•'!6¯Å ]÷ZpKÑ Ì{zÔì–H~[Âž7Ø ÃXÔ~Š·|7yZ ?Xìg™7¸ÌIY}gøH 2-78. And there are among them (Jews) unlettered people, who know not the Book, but they

trust upon false desires and they but guess. wßZòsZ XìÐs§ÅZ}tž•ëÆ™ ~p~[Âvßt ÅÇLZvZgzZƒñÑ™Z•tÐvZžìØ7à¬vZÂÐ•gyŠP~3ëž•ëžìtwìß ZuzŠ Ç}™7~igzsÜ 2-79. Then woe to those who write the Book with their own hands and then say, "This is from

Allah," to purchase with it a little price! Woe to them for what their hands have written and woe

to them for that they earn thereby.

2-80. And they (Jews) say, "The Fire (i.e. Hell-fire on the Day of Resurrection) shall not touch us

but for a few numbered days." Say (O Muhammad Peace be upon him to them): "Have you taken a covenant from Allah, so that Allah will not break His Covenant? Or is it that you say of

Allah what you know not?" 2-81. Yes! Whosoever earns evil and his sin has surrounded him,

they are dwellers of the Fire (i.e. Hell); they will dwell therein forever. 2-82.And those who believe (in the Oneness of Allah - Islamic Monotheism) and do righteous good deeds, they are

dwellers of Paradise, they will dwell therein forever. qÃgVZÎŠ Ð}°zªXH7¿gzZ‰QÐ}°zkZtÆVÍßP ñZÎÂ1Ç» VÂ!PÐV-Š· äà¬vZ Xì~ ]¡ÅyZ*YQ zzÅ¶ŠßF6Ï0i ÅåÅ]yWÃÏ0iÅ*ŠtÝZgŠX76}uzŠ•D™¿6{qZÆ[Âb§Ï ìÐ 2-83. And (remember) when We took a covenant from the Children of Israel, (saying): Worship none but Allah (Alone) and be dutiful and good to parents, and to kindred, and to orphans and

Al-Masakin (the poor), [Tafsir At-Tabari, Vol. 10, Page 158 (Verse 9:60)] and speak good to people [i.e. enjoin righteousness and forbid evil, and say the truth about Muhammad Peace be upon him ], and perform As-Salat (Iqamat-as-Salat), and give Zakat. Then you slid back, except

a few of you, while you are backsliders. (Tafsir Al-Qurtubi, Vol. 2, Page 392). 2-84. And

(remember) when We took your covenant (saying): Shed not the blood of your people, nor turn

out your own people from their dwellings. Then, (this) you ratified and (to this) you bear

witness 2-85. After this, it is you who kill one another and drive out a party of you from their homes, assist (their enemies) against them, in sin and transgression. And if they come to you

as captives, you ransom them, although their expulsion was forbidden to you. Then do you

believe in a part of the Scripture and reject the rest? Then what is the recompense of those who do so among you, except disgrace in the life of this world, and on the Day of Resurrection

they shall be consigned to the most grievous torment. And Allah is not unaware of what you

do. 2-86. Those are they who have bought the life of this world at the price of the Hereafter.

Their torment shall not be lightened nor shall they be helped. qÃgVZðgŠ g4‘ ©!cÂ¶Cƒ7._Æè%ÅyZ ]!ÅyZZ Xðö G]|‰ìgDYÇÑ}uzŠˆÆqZÃV-Š· ìÈÒ6yZävZÐzzÅTX¸ïŠ™OÃÑc¸DYƒ 2-87. And indeed, We gave Musa (Moses) the Book and followed him up with a succession of

Messengers. And We gave 'Iesa (Jesus), the son of Maryam (Mary), clear signs and supported

him with Ruh-ul-Qudus [Jibrael (Gabriel)]. Is it that whenever there came to you a Messenger

with what you yourselves desired not, you grew arrogant? Some, you disbelieved and some,

you killed.2-88. And they say, "Our hearts are wrapped (i.e. do not hear or understand Allah's

Word)." Nay, Allah has cursed them for their disbelief, so little is that which they believe. wßZòsZ Z 1ÇƒÐŠÑzZÅtGZ]|{zž¶yZÃyZ 1Ç}™«!x»ÃyZ™W{zž¸ ~yZÅÑ~yWŠp ~Š· žå*™êäà¬vZtèÑqXcŠ™gïZÐ+â ŠŽz!Æ+TÃyZÐ°# ÂZƒÐŠÑzZÅ³•Z]| ì@¯Ñ~yWÃ¾ 2-89. And when there came to them (the Jews), a Book (this Qur'an) from Allah confirming

what is with them [the Taurat (Torah) and the Injeel (Gospel)], although aforetime they had

invoked Allah (for coming of Muhammad Peace be upon him ) in order to gain victory over

those who disbelieved, then when there came to them that which they had recognised, they

disbelieved in it. So let the Curse of Allah be on the disbelievers. 2-90. How bad is that for

which they have sold their ownselves, that they should disbelieve in that which Allah has revealed (the Qur'an), grudging that Allah should reveal of His Grace unto whom He will of His slaves. So they have drawn on themselves wrath upon wrath. And for the disbelievers, there is

disgracing torment. ìc}g!]ZŠNZÆVÇ|gzZV-Š·ª[ÂIZ~]cWÅÐWÐVŒ ~z*ŠsÜ Ž•bÑŠÔicàW Š„Ð}uzŠqZgzZßƒžì@™ÔÅbÑŠÆyZ à¬:4vZ~T •F6]ZŠ¢ ìˆÅwi*)gfÆ9ÆyZ6yZŽÐNÑyZZ6ÏZsÜÂëžà{]!gzZqZäV-Š·6kZ g4‘ E @ÑŠŠc»7»}ôvZ1XÐ3â7ë{zìZƒwi*Y6~·]|gzZð ö G]çH¸8‰Vz9ÆˆÆyZgzZ ¸‰QÌÐØ<èLZÂ?žì g4‘ gzZ •Z'Z]| ¬Ð yZXÐ3âÃÏZsÜìZƒwi*Ž)gfÆðö G]|6ëž•ë¸Ìð|) g4‘ 7y› ÌÃ•Z'Z]|ð|ÐzzÏZXÐ3â7Ã[ÂÅ~·]|wøÑgzZËˆÆö G]| Þ.‡ÌxsZnÆyZnkZX•B„~Š·ÌÃŠÑzZÅyZgzZ³•Z]|Ð?Š ÏZX•ë~Š·É E xsZsÜØ<å):X²Ç}7'âÌÃ?ŠÅyWÛŒ QÂByâxsZÃØ<èÆð•Z'Z]|¤ZXá7wJ (X7Ø<èðÃá|gzZeŠ·Xì Please note in picture below Sarah the Jewess demands that her Jew husband Abraham have Xsex with her egytian maid hajar.( painting by mathiass stom 1615-1649) ~yWgzZ{i@Ðƒžì@ƒ¸Ì~*ŠXì¬»+âÃ[Â+F{i@)gfÆkZÂñWÑ*ðÃÌZèÑq MZmŠÆVzyXì@ƒ~•¸ì@ƒÌ~`ZzgzÌg¸Ôyâ‡*Z6ž:ìCƒàZz+âÔqZðÃcyâ‡ Ì`WÃ2Z¸äZ6V-œëžXìX¸Ì»}}gøX•‘•Æ]cgz¢gzZ]Ñq6èYì@ƒ~ X•Texg{0i~èâ žì˜Z»Ø

"We believe in what was sent down to us." And they disbelieve in that which came after it,

while it is the truth confirming what is with them. Say (O Muhammad Peace be upon him to

them): "Why then have you killed the Prophets of Allah aforetime, if you indeed have been

believers?" Jews did not really believe in what was given to them by prophet moses and they started worshipping Calf when he went to mount Sinai.2-92. And indeed Musa (Moses) came to

you with clear proofs, yet you worshipped the calf after he left, and you were Zalimun

(polytheists and wrong-doers). 2-93. And (remember) when We took your covenant and We

raised above you the Mount (saying), "Hold firmly to what We have given you and hear (Our

Word). They said, "We have heard and disobeyed." And their hearts absorbed (the worship of) the calf because of their disbelief. Say: "Worst indeed is that which your faith enjoins on you if

you are believers." ÅÏ0ikZ~Š·èYXD™7VYéZpÅä%?Âìn}gvsÜ¼ ¤ZžìH6gîÆ?Š à¬vZ ìLe/Åw‚gZÙDqZÙC •ngéZp{ŠciÐVÍßƒ 2-94. Say to (them): "If the home of the Hereafter with Allah is indeed for you specially and not for others, of mankind, then long for death if you are truthful." 2-95. But they will never long for

it because of what their hands have sent before them (i.e. what they have done). And Allah is

All-Aware of the Zalimun (polytheists and wrong-doers).2-96. And verily, you will find them (the

Jews) the greediest of mankind for life and (even greedier) than those who - ascribe partners to Allah (and do not believe in Resurrection - Magians, pagans, and idolaters, etc.). Everyone of them wishes that he could be given a life of a thousand years. But the grant of such life will not

save him even a little from (due) punishment. And Allah is All-Seer of what they do. tòZ g4‘ ÆƒÅ*™ÑXÐNÑyZZ„6]ZgÂÂëžåcŠ™gïZÐ+â™ÈtÃðö G]|¬äŠ· X1 Ì{zž¸g»nÆ+â]gßkZsÜÃÑ~yWŠ·XcŠ™gïZÐ+âÃÑ~yWÐ?ŠÏZÌä~g»ˆ ƒÐ±ÅtGZ]| •D™~SÅxsZŠpŽÐ~yZX•Ì[ZgzZ¸YxgzZYfÆ~g»gzZŠ·~+âÃ*™ÑX2 X•Dƒy›„zsÜ ž•ë„B‚1•„gŠ xâZ”Vzgež•ës§qZìwq¸Ì»YfÆ´)}gøX3 XMƒ7ª)Xââ}»xâZLZ sÜ qÃgVZðg! wßZòsZ x•»äƒÑ~yW6·]|Ð~ŠÑzZÅð³•ZkZ]| {zèY•ÔŠÆLZƒ]|ëžÑì~Š· Þ.‡*ÑyZZ6~\WnÆyZÐzzÅ°#ªXå’e*Ñ6ËÐ~ŠÑzZÅtGZ]|ÃkZ²ŠW™á Xå7wJ 2-97.Say (O Muhammad Peace be upon him ): "Whoever is an enemy to Jibrael (Gabriel) (let

him die in his fury), for indeed he has brought it (this Qur'an) down to your heart by Allah's

Permission, confirming what came before it [i.e. the Taurat (Torah) and the Injeel (Gospel)] and

guidance and glad tidings for the believers. 2-98. "Whoever is an enemy to Allah, His Angels,

His Messengers, Jibrael (Gabriel) and Mikael (Michael), then verily, Allah is an enemy to the

disbelievers."

2-99. And indeed We have sent down to you manifest Ayat (these Verses of the Qur'an which

inform in detail about the news of the Jews and their secret intentions, etc.), and none disbelieve in them but Fasiqun (those who rebel against Allah's Command).2-100. Is it not (the

case) that every time they make a covenant, some party among them throw it aside? Nay! the

truth is most of them believe not. y›ìtÈ»Tì;g™Ì&¤ÅäƒvZ+YðÆ]ZgÂ‰V1Â«ÔyWÛŒžŠŽz!ÆqkZ Ð+âÆÑ 6žìy‚WZ('zzÅkZX7g»nÆ+â f~Š· ÌQ1•ìgÑyZZÌ6]ZgÂ ÅyZÂ,Š¯ÝqZqZ™»´) žì7 »Yf„6‘Û•}gøwq¸H X¶CYƒ»Ø?ZOŠaÅyZ XÏñYƒ»Ø?ZOŠa y»qZÙC Ð%$Ä ì~gz¢´g status quožì@ƒ¸~Ì‚ÎàZzÄk¯ÝZgŠ H-4J& ²ì@ƒûgZ(ÚÅxZú~ Ä{ŠŽñ »Yf ìCYƒ»’g7îZzgX ì@Y0x£* ~öG‚Î kZ~}ÑçXì@ƒŠ*Z»Ò»cwj ž‰ì‚gwÅŠ*ZqZsÜ+ŠÝ¬ ~ Ì‚ÎàZz]Zz) IègzZBZÑZqªZŠÔ+™zgçgzZkizÆkZÔ{á•Š!~Ì‚ÎàZzÄk¯X7òÝìCYÅ]³sÜÅ +4ÅTX¶]Zz)å~Ì‚ÎÅ ñxZ™/ôgzZ~ *™Ñ²X•D™w¡Z»xZú™ïVzgetÔÉg D±™0fZgzZ„3 ÌQ~`¯ÏZÂŠcUÐ}ÇkZ¸gÑ‚(Æ`¯TžìÅ6z0−{]|wV Xìg 2-101.And when there came to them a Messenger from Allah (i.e. Muhammad Peace be upon him ) confirming what was with them, a party of those who were given the Scripture threw away

the Book of Allah behind their backs as if they did not know! ìc;ÃzŠY„äV-Š· 2-102. They followed what the Shayatin (devils) gave out (falsely of the magic) in the lifetime of

Sulaiman (Solomon). Sulaiman did not disbelieve, but the Shayatin (devils) disbelieved, teaching men magic and such things that came down at Babylon to the two angels, Harut and

Marut, but neither of these two (angels) taught anyone (such things) till they had said, "We are

only for trial, so disbelieve not (by learning this magic from us)." And from these (angels) people learn that by which they cause separation between man and his wife, but they could not

thus harm anyone except by Allah's Leave. And they learn that which harms them and profits

them not. And indeed they knew that the buyers of it (magic) would have no share in the

Hereafter. And how bad indeed was that for which they sold their ownselves, if they but knew.

2-103. And if they had believed, and guarded themselves from evil and kept their duty to Allah,

far better would have been the reward from their Lord, if they but knew! tòZ ÐzzÅ*Z}uzŠgzZÐzzÅ]ZŠ¢~z*ŠÂqZ•‘^z»g~ä™tÃs „YfF{Šci~ Ø

Unzurna (Do make us understand) and hear. And for the disbelievers there is a painful torment.

(See Verse 4:46) wßZòsZ XÌ?~uzŠb§ÏZX¶õZaÅà¬vZZ]tÅ\W ñYÈðYZ¼6\W žTe7WægzZð|gzZ~Š·[ÂIZ X7È0»•e:c•eÆx¸Ë{zXìCFZØgHÅkZ6¾žìõZaÅvZÂt1 2-105. Neither those who disbelieve among the people of the Scripture (Jews and Christians) nor Al-Mushrikun (the disbelievers in the Oneness of Allah, idolaters, polytheists, pagans, etc.)

like that there should be sent down unto you any good from your Lord. But Allah chooses for

His Mercy whom He wills. And Allah is the Owner of Great Bounty. wßZòsZ gŠ‡6qÙCà¬vZèYXì@WáÜkZc4ÐkZ{zÂìêŠ>ÃkZcìêŠ™c™ÃeWËà¬vZZ ~\W ™áÐð•Z'Z]|É ì70Ðq™Å eWËÅ ˆyWÛŒm»eWkZ._}÷Xì 2Z¸B‚ÆÜ‰zÂ ³7ª!gzZ]ZgÂ\WìŠ¹»äÑyZZ6V1ÂxÓ…èYì}g!V1ÂÅ¬Ð Z1G•~Šã‰„qZÃÑÙCžì;gY ¹ÃVÇ|gzZV-Š·tX ì„gCƒkC]gz¢Å%$Ã x¯XìeWt„}g!~pkZgzZì ÌB‚Æ ]úŠÅxsZ¸gzZ ì cW@ƒÌ¬t XìCY~Š<Ñ XìyZZZ÷tXÏ•g¿Þ.‡ nÆJÖ#ª]cWxÓÅu0 2-106. Whatever a Verse (revelation) do We abrogate or cause to be forgotten, We bring a better one or similar to it. Know you not that Allah is able to do all things?2-107. Know you not that it

is Allah to Whom belongs the dominion of the heavens and the earth? And besides Allah you

have neither any Wali (protector or guardian) nor any helper. hâ,ZX¸D¯ä·™b7wZÎÐ9LZnÆä™: ¿6¬Ë {zž•`|7}g!ÆV-Š· ë \ Xì3gwßZ»1yâgzZ‹ªéE5š…ZzéE5š. äà¬vZn}gøì;gYHIÃVâ›Ðpg Ã 2-108. Or do you want to ask your Messenger (Muhammad Peace be upon him ) as Musa

(Moses) was asked before (i.e. show us openly our Lord?) And he who changes Faith for

disbelief, verily, he has gone astray from the right way. wßZòsZ ²X¶&ZegzZ?Š~Š1~(tXNY0ð|ž•TeÌð|gzZ NY0~Š·y›•Te ~Š· yWÛŒèYXÐNY0ÌÖ#ZqZgzZÐNYƒÌCceZ@ÌVâzŠtÂNY0y›VâzŠtžìt| ÆyZsÜ k0ÆVñ¸xÓ{)zVƒzy VÇ| V-Š·²ìx•nÆVâ¨ZÆ*ŠxÓgzZ ~yW»vZ X¸DW9n ž•TeÔÐzzÅŠsÜÔˆÆäƒÙCªsž•Teð|gzZ~Š·[ÂI¹ì;gCà¬vZ ÃyZª@Ñ7¬CZvZJZ ,Š™iZ0ZÃgzZsçÃyZ\WÂX,Š¯ áZzä™gïZ»QˆÆäÑyZZ ~Š·ÐNY¼ {zsÜž•ëð|ÐNY¼ {zsÜ•ë~Š·èY XêŠ¯7ÑZzäÑyZZ g4‘ Ãäƒy›ŠŽz!Æ?ŠkZ„KZð|1X¶~gz¢ã™g(Zá|7ZˆÆ äWÆðö G]|èY7 „YÉgIèQáZz1zg gzZáZzä™{ZeXDYƒy›Âð|ÁiZÁ:gzXìÐzzÅŠŽB7~gz¢ ºÛ•žŠŽz!ÆeZ@ãZzÅvZžì»YfáZzä¯ºÛ•LZ}gøwq¸X•…â]!ÅyZð|èY• [ˆ¦½Zä‘Û• ìbŠ[ˆ! ZäqZÙCžìt?Š~x©ZÆà¬vZX•ñƒñ¯äVrZÔƒ¯: D™7ŸLZ™|7yWÛŒŠp•…â]!ÅyZvßèYXbŠ7 2-109. Many of the people of the Scripture (Jews and Christians) wish that if they could turn you away as disbelievers after you have believed, out of envy from their own selves, even, after the truth (that Muhammad Peace be upon him is Allah's Messenger) has become manifest unto

them. But forgive and overlook, till Allah brings His Command. Verily, Allah is Able to do all

things.2-110. And perform As-Salat (Iqamat-as-Salat), and give Zakat, and whatever of good

(deeds that Allah loves) you send forth for yourselves before you, you shall find it with Allah.

Certainly, Allah is All-Seer of what you do. tòZ ßc9Æ]!Ë…~wq]gß5 ðÃ¤Zž@’eãƒaÎÔDÔ¢}g!VßßZgzZ;#ÅxsZ…X1 XÐÃ™ê„Æ™:iZñÐkZQgzZÐ ,™ç»wßZ¬Âƒ*™ê»äƒ g4‘ ~Š·ö G]|gzZX¶ðƒwi*¬]ZgÂèY•6{Zgßð|gzZ ì6{Zgñ¦„zsÜž• B ~Š· g4‘ VßZz+âÆö G]| ˆ¹XåeŠ·ÌØ<è»yZnkZ¸9„ÆV-Š·gzZ ¸ñƒZa~x¸ åc¯Ø<è{eä He was born and lived as a Jew, and his earliest followers were Jews as well. Christianity

emerged as a separate religion only in the centuries after Jesus' death

Judaism's view of JesusFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Among followers of Judaism, Jesus is viewed as having been the most influential, and

consequently, the most damaging of all false messiahs.[1] However, since the traditional

Jewish belief is that the messiah has not yet come and the Messianic Age is not yet present,

the total rejection of Jesus as either messiah or deity has never been a central issue for

Judaism.Judaism has never accepted any of the claimed fulfillments of prophecy that

Christianity attributes to Jesus. Judaism also forbids the worship of a person as a form of

idolatry, since the central belief of Judaism is the absolute unity and singularity of God

Jewish eschatology holds that the coming of the Messiah will be associated with a specific

series of events that have not yet occurred, including the return of Jews to their homeland and

the rebuilding of The Temple, a Messianic Age of peace[4] and understanding during which

"the knowledge of God" fills the earth."[5] And since Jews believe that none of these events

occurred during the lifetime of Jesus (nor have they occurred afterwards), he was not the

Messiah. g4‘ kZXå’e*Y0ð|ÃV-Š·nkZX¸ñWnÆb&ZÅV-Š·ðö G]| ž•Bð| g4‘ gzZ¸~Š·ðö G]|ž•ëŠ·²X¶7áZzyZZ{zèY7Š·ÐNY~¼ „ð|sÜn »eŠ·ÌÃª!ÃyZ èÑq• D™¿6]ZgÂsÜ7g»nÆ+âÌ Ã[Â5{znkZX¸žsÜ g4‘ Xì¯ˆÆ]ÃzÅðö G]|Ø<è{eá|._ÆyZX’e'âz Xz™7]ožìHyWÛŒ Matthew 15:24Then Jesus said to the woman, "I was sent only to help God's lost sheep--the people of Israel."Matthew 10:6 Go rather to the lost sheep of Israel.The Gospels reveal a Jesus focused on Israel. In fact, his ministry appears to be focused so relentlessly on the Jewish people that many scholars have debated whether Jesus was concerned with outsiders at all. ìêŠ™ãZzwßZ»äY¼ à¬vZ1X 2-111.And they say, "None shall enter Paradise unless he be a Jew or a Christian." These are

their own desires. Say (O Muhammad Peace be upon him ), "Produce your proof if you are

truthful." 2-112. Yes, but whoever submits his face (himself) to Allah (i.e. follows Allah's

Religion of Islamic Monotheism) and he is a Muhsin (good-doer i.e. performs good deeds

totally for Allah's sake only without any show off or to gain praise or fame, etc., and in

accordance with the Sunnah of Allah's Messenger Muhammad Peace be upon him )then his

reward is with his Lord (Allah), on such shall be no fear, nor shall they grieve. [See Tafsir Ibn

Kathir, Vol.1, Page 154]. tòZ 6äƒØ<è{e ~]ZŠ¢~z*ŠCZfsÜ YfÆyZÔŠŽz!Æäƒz»•Z'Z+Š ð|gzZ~Š· èÑqX•D™ZgZÜZ 9ÆkZÔââÃvZžìF6VßßZyZžŽ Çìg„qZÌØ<è»kZÂXìqZ´â»]Ñ»kZZ X1 ÔââZwZbgzZ*ƒ[Â [ˆ»Ï0iÅ*ŠkZ~ ]yWgzZââÃ[ÂgzZ ÙCnkZfƒZÌi ¯ÎÆyZnkZ•DƒZ2»ÆÏ0i~z*ŠÆ(ÙCgzZäâiÙCX2 Ïìg„zÂ½~ŠãÅkZÂñWÑ*Z ~º´gzZ( „qZ1X•MƒZwßZ~z*Š~ <ÑÅÑ 'â¬»kZƒ{á•Š!ÌŽ žì„,ZtXÇ}7'âÃx©ZÆkZÌAñWÌ:¤ZcÏñYW~p~<Ñ1 Å±Xì@Yƒ~gz¢'âÃkZÃ•âÂ}Š™Ì~pÄ¹ZhðcÇ}ŠgegW„zÂñYW§*~vËì@ƒ 0xiÑ'â»kZˆÆäW96ÙCÐwßZkZXì@ƒ~gz¢*CZ×»äZykZÂìCYy}uzŠ™{ÒZ Xì@ƒÁq{ŠŽñ {zèYì@Y X’e*ÑyZZÌ6Ñ~yW}gø ÃVÇ|gzZV-Š·ÐwßZÏZX3 ²ìŠ5™¯wÎgnÆ*ŠxÓÃ\WžVY’e*™wJxsZÌÃØ

Messenger comes, the matter will be judged between them with justice, and they will not be

wronged. (Qur'ân 10:47)

And verily, We have sent among every Ummah (community, nation) a Messenger (proclaiming):

"Worship Allah (Alone), and avoid (or keep away from) Taghut (all false deities, etc. i.e., do not

worship Taghut besides Allah)." Then of them were some whom Allah guided and of them were

some upon whom the straying was justified. So travel through the land and see what was the

end of those who denied (the truth). (Qur'ân 16:36) X¶µ„6½ÅÑË ÌÌ‚ÎÅyZžì@ƒÙCªÐ^g7gÅkZåŠnÆV~gŠ0ð|qZ~ t!f The Kapauku Papuans Of West Guinea

The Kapauku have an interesting world view. If we have to compare their religion versus Islam, the difference is very little. Regarding the Creator of the universe, the Kapauku believe:

The universe itself and all existence was Ebijata, "designed by Ugatame", the Creator

On the nature of Ugatame, the Creator:

Ugatame is omniscient, omnipotent and omnipresent, credited with the creation of all things and with having determined all events. Strangely enough, however, he is not believed to exist himself. When I questioned this contention, a Kapauku defended skillfully by a question: "But how can he exist when he created all the existence?" Obviously Ugatame is beyond existence, because to Kapauku all that exists must be of phenomenonal nature; one must be able to see, hear, smell, taste or feel it. But the Creator is beyond this phenomenal dimension, because of the simple reason that He created it. because He is so to speak, in the fifth dimension and is not of phenomenal nature, He is able to be omnipresent."[2]

An interesting argument between a Kapauku and a Christian Missionary:

"... a Kapauku is basically logical; he refuses to accept dogmas that either oppose clear empirical evidence or that contradict his commonsense or logic. On this subject an incident in the year 1955 was illuminating to me. A very old man from the mapia region, supported by his two sons, managed to come to see me in the Kamu valley. As he explained to me, his main purpose in coming was a problem he wanted to have clarified before he died. The problem concerned the white man. He could not understand how it is possible that the white man could be so clever and ingenious in designing such amazing contrivances as aeroplanes (which the old man could see flying over his valley), guns, medicines, clothes, and steel tools, and at the same time could be so primitive and illogical in his religion. "How can you think," he argued,

"that a man can sin and can have a free will, and at the same time believe that your God is omnipotent, that He created the world and determined all the happenings? If He determined all that happens, and (therefore) also the bad deeds, how can a man be held responsible? Why, if he is omnipotent, did the Creator have to change himself into a man to allow himself to be killed (crucified) when it would have been enough for him just to order men to behave?" The notion that anything can be absolutely bad or good was quite incomprehensible to him.

Furthermore, the Christian notion of man resembling God in appearance appeared to him as utterly primitive (tabe-tabe, meaning stupid).[5]

It is quite surprising that a tribe from stone age could argue so rationally and logically with a

Christian Missionary on the aspect of God. We Muslims also use the same arguments when it comes to the concept of God. And of course, when the Kapauku heard that the God became man they called the concept "primitive" and "tabe-tabe" (stupid). Well, "polemics" against

Christianity started in the stone age itself, Muslims are not to be blamed for that!!!

Lastly, now where is this Ugatame, their supreme god, residing? Waiting for the shock:

In the view of Kamu Kapauku the world is a flat block of stone and soil that is surrounded with water and extends indefinitely into the depth thus providing no room for an underworld. Above the earth is a solid bowl of blue sky that limits the known world at the horizon. During the day the sun travels from east to west on the inside of the inverted bowl of sky and thus provides light. In the evening it slips under the edge of the bowl and travels above it from west to east.

Because the bowl of the sky is solid, it shields the earth from sun's rays, thus bringing night. an empirical support for this theory according to my informants, is provided by the stars. They are thought to be perforations in the solid sky, through which the rays of the returning sun penetrate at night. In the morning the sun emerges in the east under the canopy of the sky, thus making a new day. Beyond the solid bowl of sky exists another world that may be similar to ours, the abode of Ugatame, the Creator."[6] nkZìCYƒÁc»w~z*ŠÅyZÐ+âÃÄÆÑ66nÆYfÆ Ø<èÆÑÙC1ÔX6 ìCƒ]!Å àßZ"gzZßžŽX•DY0Ø<è6ÐzzÅ¡gzZŠV-gzZD™7Mõ{z qÃgVZðŠa ¹!gzZ•9„ëžM™7êtVŒënkZXì*™yŠÆÖ#ªävZê»]ZŠNZ X wßZòsZ ðZÆ*ŠkZnkZXNÑÃVzuzŠƒgzZì}âCÃ„LZqZÙCÉ }â7]!ÅËÌðÃèYXß}g‚ ~+Šžìyâ‡ »à¬vZ èYXñYÅ:ÒÃÅäZë4Š'igzZñYH“ ZŠ'ÃqZÙCžì~gz¢nÆ (256X2)ìŠcŠ™ç» {ZgßgzZ9èY74Š'i Ã{gÐxZgWëž@’eãƒgzZXìCƒÍÑÌ~´)ÆxsZ]!¸X•DƒA~VZgzÔCZfG• ì1Jät™žŽ nJ7t[²gzZyZkZ Ì[Z1`™Š!'à~(~(FëÐ#Š ”Û:gz sp{o4Š'iÇ}7„*™“ ZŠ'Ã}uzŠqZž¸¼™ YˆÆk w‚Mg@ÎÌÁz6gzZ´Å YY7»zgA »ÝcØ<èc*Zz™ The Thirty Years' War was a 17th-century religious conflict fought primarily in central Europe. X ... The war lasted from 1618 to 1648, starting as a battle among the Catholic and Protestant states that formed the Holy Roman Empire. ÅZ}„VâzŠèÑq•76{Zg9~Š·ž•ëð|gzZ76{Zg9ð|ž•ë~Š·ŠŽz!ÆwßZkZ ƒ yZÂX¸ìg™46"ŽvßÆ[²ª7Ø¼ÃX•ëÌvß{z b§ÅVâzŠyZX•_7[Â ’e*™È*±~:WÃyZ~*ŠÂXì*™êä à¬:4vZyŠÆÖ#ªtßyÃgzZì9yÃ~ *ŠgzZXÐNY~3ºÛ•¹!ÇñY~¼ Ý»yZsÜžìH¸qZÙC~ YfÆ´) }gø ’e*™È*±~*ŠnkZXÐ,™„yŠÆÖ#ªà¬:4vZÌê»yZÂX•TgëÛ•»Ã}uzŠqZ~ 2-113.The Jews said that the Christians follow nothing (i.e. are not on the right religion); and

the Christians said that the Jews follow nothing (i.e. are not on the right religion); though they both recite the Scripture. Like unto their word, said (the pagans) who know not. Allah will judge

between them on the Day of Resurrection about that wherein they have been differing. XìCƒZb6XìCƒ]Š„Å„gÇŠz6~VƒÇ]Š„ÅØÅà¬vZ ÌŽ „ÐzzÅ]Ã%ZÆ]ZŠNZyZ (~uzŠà¬vZèYìnÆVƒÇ]Š„ÅØ

mentioned much (i.e. prayers and invocations, etc.) in Allah's Mosques and strive for their

ruin? It was not fitting that such should themselves enter them (Allah's Mosques) except in

fear. For them there is disgrace in this world, and they will have a great torment in the

Hereafter. ŠŽñ(ÙCvZÂX •D™]Š„Æ™ì{z s§Tì@ƒ‚qZ» Ø<èÙCžì@âÛ•h×'à¬vZVŒ !¾‡Ñ alð|X•D™cg»v¢ LZs§Å•zk~Š·Xs§Å[fc,™ìs§Åtæìeì »al² ì@ƒs§Åtæcg»V±™gzZìCYðÎ B‚ÆZg-Š ÅtæÇ Å{Çy!ÛŒ gzZì@ƒ |$²•D™]Š„Æ™cgs§ÅtænÆY7Å `gÎ ÌzyXXì@ƒs§Å[få{iZzgŠ½ZŠ CYÅ]Š„™NŠs§Å`gÎ Ì~Ö#|$Xì@ƒs§Å[fì»|$gzZB‚ÆgZ-Š¹æ" Åì» XìH™f»„[fgzZtæäà¬vZnÏZXì 2-115.And to Allah belong the east and the west, so wherever you turn yourselves or your

faces there is the Face of Allah (and He is High above, over His Throne). Surely! Allah is

All-Sufficient for His creatures' needs, All-Knowing. XwßZòsZ ìLe*™ qðÃ{zZ gzZð¯]Ñ»täÏZìxõ ~~gZŠÎâÛ•ÅkZ —ÙCgzZì´â»]Ñ»xÓvZ ìCYƒq{zgzZYƒžìHsÜÂ g4‘ . •VÓÃÆv¹¸ëÐzzÏZÌ[²X•ëÃðö G]|ð|²•ë g»vZÃÛi]|~Š· 2-116. And they (Jews, Christians and pagans) say: Allah has begotten a son (children or offspring). Glory be to Him (Exalted be He above all that they associate with Him). Nay, to Him belongs all that is in the heavens and on earth, and all surrender with obedience (in worship) to

Him. 2-117. The Originator of the heavens and the earth. When He decrees a matter, He only

says to it : "Be!" - and it is. BŠ÷egÐ]ZgÂ The Book of Ezra is a book of the Hebrew Bible; which formerly included the Book of Nehemiah in a single book, commonly distinguished in scholarship as Ezra–Nehemiah. The two became separated with the first printed rabbinic bibles of the early 16th century, following late medieval Latin Christian tradition.[1] Its subject is the Return to Zion following the close of the

Babylonian captivity, and it is divided into two parts, the first telling the story of the first return of exiles in the first year of Cyrus the Great (538 BC) and the completion and dedication of the

new Temple in Jerusalem in the sixth year of Darius I (515 BC), the second telling of the

subsequent mission of Ezra to Jerusalem and his struggle to purify the Jews from marriage

with non-Jews. Together with the Book of Nehemiah, it represents the final chapter in the

historical narrative of the Hebrew Bible.[2]

Ezra is written to fit a schematic pattern in which the God of Israel inspires a king of Persia to

commission a leader from the Jewish community to carry out a mission; three successive leaders carry out three such missions, the first rebuilding the Temple, the second purifying the

Jewish community, and the third sealing the holy city itself behind a wall. (This last mission, that of Nehemiah, is not part of the Book of Ezra.) The theological program of the book explains the many problems its chronological structure presents.[3] It probably appeared in its earliest

version around 399 BC, and continued to be revised and edited for several centuries before

being accepted as scriptural in the early Christian era.[4] Qëž@&ã¶ðÃc@™]!™ Wz'zgŠp vZž¸D™&ZeÐ ~*™Ñ„b§ÅV-Š·Ìz$[² Æ~9ÃgZŠu[²}(ÆBZÑZgzZ÷Z Ëž¹Âä‰ÉX ìÂZ(*ÑyZZ6T¸ªXNWáyZZ X•BhCZ*™ãZx„vß BZÑZ÷Z~oÙCÌ`WXìOVYÃ\WXO7VYn .2-118. And those who have no knowledge say: "Why does not Allah speak to us (face to face)

or why does not a sign come to us?" So said the people before them words of similar import.

Their hearts are alike, We have indeed made plain the signs for people who believe with

certainty. 2-119. Verily, We have sent you (O Muhammad Peace be upon him ) with the truth

(Islam), a bringer of glad tidings (for those who believe in what you brought, that they will enter

Paradise) and a warner (for those who disbelieve in what you brought, they will enter the

Hell-fire). And you will not be asked about the dwellers of the blazing Fire. XwßZòsZ ð|1lp{zÂNYƒ~Š·XNYƒ:ð|c~Š·\W JZ fƒ7lpLÐ\W ð|gzZ~Š· ÂìˆïÃVâ›ŽìeZ@ÅvZÂ]!9ÂXYH7lpLÃƒXnZg*~Š·lp{zÂNYƒð|¤ZnZg* ðÃ{z´ÆkZgzZìZ}»ƒ „zèYXì]z¢Åä™lpÃvZÉ7]gz¢Å+â]!ÅËÐ~yZQ XYƒ7‡WgzZ .2-120.Never will the Jews nor the Christians be pleased with you (O Muhammad Peace be

upon him ) till you follow their religion. Say: "Verily, the Guidance of Allah (i.e. Islamic

Monotheism) that is the (only) Guidance. And if you (O Muhammad Peace be upon him ) were to

follow their (Jews and Christians) desires after what you have received of Knowledge (i.e. the

Qur'an), then you would have against Allah neither any Wali (protector or guardian) nor any

helper. 2-121. Those (who embraced Islam from Bani Israel) to whom We gave the Book [the

Taurat (Torah)] [or those (Muhammad's Peace be upon him companions) to whom We have given the Book (the Qur'an)] recite it (i.e. obey its orders and follow its teachings) as it should be recited (i.e. followed), they are the ones that believe therein. And whoso disbelieves in it (the

Qur'an), those are they who are the losers. (Tafsir Al-Qurtubi. Vol. 2, Page 95). qÃg VZðgG 2-122. O Children of Israel! Remember My Favour which I bestowed upon you and that I

preferred you to the 'Alamin (mankind and jinns) (of your time-period, in the past). 2-123. And

fear the Day (of Judgement) when no person shall avail another, nor shall compensation be

accepted from him, nor shall intercession be of use to him, nor shall they be helped.

X•bÑŠëZ¹ J141Ð124]cW VŒ Ø<èÌ»•Z'Z]|žŽìxsZØ<èÝZX•7Ø

Commands, which he fulfilled. He (Allah) said (to him), "Verily, I am going to make you a leader

(Prophet) of mankind." [Ibrahim (Abraham)] said, "And of my offspring (to make leaders)."

(Allah) said, "My Covenant (Prophethood, etc.) includes not Zalimun (polytheists and

wrong-doers)." 2-125. And (remember) when We made the House (the Ka'bah at Makkah) a

place of resort for mankind and a place of safety. And take you (people) the Maqam (place) of

Ibrahim (Abraham) [or the stone on which Ibrahim (Abraham) stood while he was building the Ka'bah] as a place of prayer (for some of your prayers, e.g. two Rak'at after the Tawaf of the

Ka'bah at Makkah), and We commanded Ibrahim (Abraham) and Isma'il (Ishmael) that they

should purify My House (the Ka'bah at Makkah) for those who are circumambulating it, or staying (I'tikaf), or bowing or prostrating themselves (there, in prayer). 2-126. And (remember)

when Ibrahim (Abraham) said, "My Lord, make this city (Makkah) a place of security and

provide its people with fruits, such of them as believe in Allah and the Last Day." He (Allah) answered: "As for him who disbelieves, I shall leave him in contentment for a while, then I shall

compel him to the torment of the Fire, and worst indeed is that destination!"2-127. And

(remember) when Ibrahim (Abraham) and (his son) Isma'il (Ishmael) were raising the

foundations of the House (the Ka'bah at Makkah), (saying), "Our Lord! Accept (this service)

from us. Verily! You are the All-Hearer, the All-Knower." 2-128. "Our Lord! And make us

submissive unto You and of our offspring a nation submissive unto You, and show us our

Manasik (all the ceremonies of pilgrimage - Hajj and 'Umrah, etc.), and accept our repentance.

Truly, You are the One Who accepts repentance, the Most Merciful.

1896 BC Xì~gz¢,ÅŠÑzZÅð•Z'Z]|nÆK'!Å]cW‹Z •Z']| Ð~çqZ ÅyZ ìLZuZx*ZgzŠ»X [© dÆyZgzZ tGZ ÐyZ {g‚ ~ç « „Ð~yZ XðBLZuZµŠÑzZÅyœ{g!yZXdkŠÐV-ç&¹! }c0gzZŠ-]| g4‘ X¸ðö G]|{−Zz *%]| gzZ Ïñ]| ñƒÑ~yW qZsÜ ~±ÅyZ ³•Z ÐyZ {`;O~^Å{g‚~ç ~uzŠ dÆyZgzZ{`;nkZÂ ¶g»yZgZ,» ~g7ˆÆ\!ž‰Sey{−ZzÅyZÂ ñƒZa ðtGZ Z ._ÆF!XŠcŠŸº´iZgŠgzŠÆlÃ in accordance with Sarah's proclamation, "this boy will not be an heir with my son Isaac"

(Genesis 21:10-12) ÅyZŽ '9 ÌÐ~³•Zµžžâ¬ŠäVrZÂ¸ìguyÅ~Z ³•ZgzZ•Z'Z]| }gøŽcWÑqZsÜ~yZ ðƒŠ!W~lŽ³•Zµ Xì [ZŽ»¬ŠÏZ÷ZaÅ~*™ÑX}™ðÉg Ìy!iÅ ³•Z ]| X¶~Š™qzÑ46"~ˆ1¸„6•Z'Z+ŠÌvßÆl Â X¸Ñ~yW ì+7 °»~ãçgzZpÖZÆy!i!²gzZy!iãZ‡~Š·nkZ ¶ ãZ‡ TìgDWÑg@ÎÐ„ŠÑzZÅðtGZ µ „ÐzzÅVEâÛ•*g@ÎÅyZgz¸Ð ±ÅðtGZ ~Š· g4‘ „Ð±ÅyZªtGZµÌÑ~yWb§Å¬ž¸Æ™ÎyZ~Š·XnÏZ X•ïá•Ìðö G]|~ XìCƒ~VÇ¸ŠZiR åŽ¶#ŠãZ0{ãZ6tªX‰ƒÔŠÆyZ~Š· Â¯Ð³•Zµ{z1Çƒ @å¹ nÆäWhggzŠ}ä{−ZzÅtGZ]| Ã{−ZzÅ³•Z]| Zž’e´gŠc… ]ÐtXåŠcŠgZÛŒvßÆZgŠÁÐzzÅVâÃ³•Z]|ªXfâ:zÐ ŠÑzZÅyZŠÑzZÐOÅyZž Xì„g^Ì`WgzZX¶„g¹±gŠ± Xå;g^¨£ ãZ0{» ä™Ýq~F'6}uzŠqZ „+ZÌ~Ö; ´gzZðZ´Ì ~V1² kZÂM™7¨£ë»äƒÑkZ1 åH¨£~]!ÙC»yZäëž¹ä61ZÂZƒZaÑ~ Ö;´Z ÅKÃõ{ÎZ „ÐÂgÎZ&ƒZ¤àkZX•Ñ-Z{zžìØ=p¤Zóââ7Ñ ÌLÃ~·~n Zƒi{zZƒs%Z6~g7~g»ZgzZ+`'¬6ÄÜ„ ˆÆ]ÃzÅ\WXìCYW~™]!Â,™ÒÃ ´gzZÖ;´ Ð“ÑÆy¢]|ÆðZ´1 Š[Šïç~ÄÜÅ/gzZ–1Z]|1HæäÖ;´Â ¬ ÐpÒÆØ<ègzZ Xì~7~½ÐVlÅ:W õg@òsZ„ÐT ìgñgziQ#ŠãZ6ÅðZ ƒ sÜÆVâ›ÐAtÐzzÅT ‰ñŠ™íz°ÂXVcigzsÜÅ}@çg!g!~ÜæäV-Š· Ì6RÅ Vl[ZˆÆxªÆLZuZX¸ñZZ7i!ÐVØi‚ 1n™:k ÌLÐpÒY¯gzZ‰ ¯ŠãÌÃØ<èžìtÑ»™tX‰•g~gYJ~œqZ Vl°~ Vâ›gzZVÇ|QgzZ•ñW ~z*ŠÅVƒÉgIècÏ(úÆkZ1ìSgC™[ZyÃ]©Žì|qZtgzZ•ìgD±îpI.6Xy¨Z™ XìCƒk Å]ZŠ¢ ðƒöZaÅ~*™Ñ„~ËÆqJÅY¬ŠkZXŸ9qZ~³•ZµžY¬ŠÅð³•ZgzZð•Z'Z 2-129. "Our Lord! Send amongst them a Messenger of their own (and indeed Allah answered

their invocation by sending Muhammad Peace be upon him ), who shall recite unto them Your

Verses and instruct them in the Book (this Qur'an) and Al-Hikmah (full knowledge of the Islamic laws and jurisprudence or wisdom or Prophethood, etc.), and sanctify them. Verily! You are the

All-Mighty, the All-Wise." qÃgVZsÎ ¸y›Ì •Z'Z]| 2-130.And who turns away from the religion of Ibrahim (Abraham) (i.e. Islamic Monotheism)

except him who befools himself? Truly, We chose him in this world and verily, in the Hereafter he will be among the righteous. 2-131.When his Lord said to him, "Submit (i.e. be a Muslim)!"

He said, "I have submitted myself (as a Muslim) to the Lord of the 'Alamin (mankind, jinns and

all that exists)." ÅÃ¸Ü‰zD%ÃVÇ¸ÆyZgzZŠ- VœLZätGZ0[©]|gzZÃVœLZ äð•Z'Z]| y›ƒ {zžì;g™&¤à¬vZÂX’exgy›ÃLZuZµxÓªX*%6„Ø<èÆxsZÌ?ž¶ wqZ}gv._ÆkZ 7cƒ D%6xsZ ?žì;gÈÐ V-Š·gzZXÇA7Z`Z» wqZÆyZgzZ}% X7c¸y›{zžÇñYY77Ð?gzZXÇA`» 2-132. And this (submission to Allah, Islam) was enjoined by Ibrahim (Abraham) upon his sons and by Ya'qub (Jacob), (saying),"O my sons! Allah has chosen for you the (true) religion, then

die not except in the Faith of Islam (as Muslims - Islamic Monotheism)."

2-133. Orwere you witnesses when death approached Ya'qub (Jacob)? When he said unto his

sons, "What will you worship after me?" They said, "We shall worship your Ilah (God - Allah),

the Ilah (God) of your fathers, Ibrahim (Abraham), Isma'il (Ishmael), Ishaque (Isaac), One Ilah

(God), and to Him we submit (in Islam)." XwßZòsZ X¸D™Hvg)}gvžÇñYY77ÐVÓgzZXìgZŠ)fÅwqZLZ±ÙCgzZòŠWÙCž 9._Æ]ÑqÆäâiLZÃ±ÙCgzZX’e *ƒwEZ~]5çVâzŠ~z*ŠgzZ´ŠŽìwßZ ëZ¹t QÂfƒiZ0ZWZ6VhÆ`W]tgzZ]uZzÆèâ¤ZX’e*ƒŸ»»]ZŠ¢Æ yZtÂeä™Ÿ Çƒ*ƒ{Š[ZŽÃvZnÆVhLZäqZÙC²ÇƒWOb§~'Ì`W 2-134. That was a nation who has passed away. They shall receive the reward of what they

earned and you of what you earn. And you will not be asked of what they used to do. ÐƒCceZ@„Ð¿6xsZ+ŠÆ•Z'ZžXì;gYHãZz ÃVÇ|gzZV-Š·~ÝzgÅwßZ‰ñŠ6zZ ÆyZgzZ[©Ô³•ZÔtGZc¸•Z'Z6TìcWÆá xsZ+Š„z{zèYXÇƒ~gz¢„'âÃÑÆ`WgzZ g4‘ ~Š·{ŠŽñ1X¸6xsZƒèYsZe7tÛ•ðÃ~yZy›žtgzZX¸Ñƒ}uzŠgzZ ðö GÔðÏñÔd{g! g4‘ Ã+ŠÆYfVâzŠÂ…â7ÃV-Š·ð|gzZ…â7Ãðö G~Š·èYì7xsZ{z•ë+ŠÃTð|gzZ XfƒCceZ@°ÂByâÃkZ•ng¢6T\Wì@âÛ•à¬vZnkZXByâùy› 2-135.And they say, "Be Jews or Christians, then you will be guided." Say (to them, O

Muhammad Peace be upon him ), "Nay, (We follow) only the religion of Ibrahim (Abraham),

Hanifa [Islamic Monotheism, i.e. to worship none but Allah (Alone)], and he was not of Al-Mushrikun (those who worshipped others along with Allah - see V.2:105)."

2-136. Say (O Muslims), "We believe in Allah and that which has been sent down to us and that

which has been sent down to Ibrahim (Abraham), Isma'il (Ishmael), Ishaque (Isaac), Ya'qub

(Jacob), and to Al-Asbat [the twelve sons of Ya'qub (Jacob)], and that which has been given to

Musa (Moses) and 'Iesa (Jesus), and that which has been given to the Prophets from their Lord.

We make no distinction between any of them, and to Him we have submitted (in Islam)." . wßZòsZ XÇƒ~¿#„zÂäâ:Ž XÇñYkCceZ@„zÇƒ6Z•Æ *™Ñ ÌŽ[Z gzZ]Š„ÅvZëÂnÆwqZLZ[ÂIZgzZ•gZŠ)fnÆwqZLZëÂXìqZ!Z »VÇ|gzZV-Š· XÐ•gD™~gZŠÎâÛ• 2-137. So if they believe in the like of that which you believe, then they are rightly guided, but if they turn away, then they are only in opposition. So Allah will suffice you against them. And He

is the All-Hearer, the All-Knower.

2-138. [Our Sibghah (religion) is] the Sibghah (Religion) of Allah (Islam) and which Sibghah

(religion) can be better than Allah's? And we are His worshippers. [Tafsir Ibn Kathir.] 2-139. Say

(O Muhammad Peace be upon him to the Jews and Christians), "Dispute you with us about

Allah while He is our Lord and your Lord? And we are to be rewarded for our deeds and you for

your deeds. And we are sincere to Him in worship and obedience (i.e. we worship Him Alone

and none else, and we obey His Orders)."

XwßZòsZ ?ŠÅäƒßÆVÇ| gzZV-Š·._ÆvZ ?XåØ<èH»Vœ{g!ÆyZgzZ[©ÔtGZÔ³•ZÔ•Z'Zžâ7wZÎÐVÇ|gzZV-Š· tXìYƒcåHØ<è»yZQÂX•`g¦¬ÐØ

he who conceals the testimony [i.e. to believe in Prophet Muhammad Peace be upon him when

he comes, written in their Books. (See Verse 7:157)] he has from Allah? And Allah is not

unaware of what you do." wßZòsZ ‰™wqZgzZŸÌŽ vg)Ž Æ ¬Ð ëžì@ƒÍÑÌ6±ÙCÅVâ› [Z ÝZgŠwßZ¸ Vƒ:Za ´)c~i!‘Û•ž@Ð,™Ÿ™aÎŠp}g!+Š`WëgzZXfƒŠp{z7{Š[ZŽnÆyZë • èâcgZÜZ6VhßÆèâX,™ŠpŸ6ëž’e…QÂXÏƒ{Š[ZŽ„Šp±ÙCÐ~ënÆkZÂ X,™Ÿ6žì4fƒgÇ{kÂÐ,ŠäƒiZ0ZWZ6VhÆ`WÃ]tÆ ’eã™7® ¤ZÅ]!ßÅyZ1’e*™gz¢{Š.ZÐVÍg)Ì…žìÀÌwßZtÐkZ ÃX•M™V™~wqZgzZaÎgzZ•Dƒy¨ZÌvg)èY’eã0eZ@l*ZeÐwÎggzZvZÉ ÎÙCžìcâÛ• ä~*™ÑnÏZXÐ$™tQÂÐ,™¿6yZ%G

earned, and you of what you earn. And you will not be asked of what they used to do. ì@ƒqzÑ[æÐVâ› gzZVƒz$ÔV1²J283Ð142•]cWgzZì@Yƒ»[æÐ[ÂIZ VŒ E E GšG3{$ èatX•ngmÐÏ0i¯ÎgzZ]ŠNZžyZžŽÐNYGyÒwßZgzZèG45 Ô]â©Z6 ~T fƒLg8ŠÆyZÂ•DƒãZz

qÃg ª{g0ZuzŠ qÃgVZƒ,X{•{gÎ X~pÅ‚;wßZ òsZ ¬»ä™cg»iús§Å~:{~lÐ"7iús§Å•zk ž@•gDàÃ *ŠxÓx•»vZžìˆƒZ¬~gZŠ)f~(¹6Vâ›ƒ nÆJÖ#ª„B‚ÆkZ »xsZÃyZäëžfƒ{ZÍ6Vñ¸ ›y*ÅäâiLZëgzZ ìcŠàx•…äkZžÇƒ{ZÍÑZgø6ë G -ÍE5" E ÷GQgzZZŠpxsZ¬žì]gz¢ Åä™g¨6kZ…Xìg™7¿6kZÐV-œë1XåcŠàxé›G34X »šFgzZ½ZgøXNYƒŠzöJVâ›sÜž:’e*™x»»]úŠÃ VÇ){ŠciÃ Yx}gøX,™ Xì‡âw;gzzZ6gîå xÂZg‚ 2-142. The fools (pagans, hypocrites, and Jews) among the people will say, "What has turned

them (Muslims) from their Qiblah [prayer direction (towards Jerusalem)] to which they were

used to face in prayer."Say, (O Muhammad ) "To Allah belong both, east and the west. He

guides whom He wills to a Straight Way." 2-143. Thus We have made you [true Muslims - real believers of Islamic Monotheism, true followers of Prophet Muhammad and his Sunnah (legal

ways)], a Wasat (just) (and the best) nation, that you be witnesses over mankind and the

Messenger (Muhammad ) be a witness over you. And We made the Qiblah (prayer direction

towards Jerusalem) which you used to face, only to test those who followed the Messenger

(Muhammad ) from those who would turn on their heels (i.e. disobey the Messenger). Indeed it was great (heavy) except for those whom Allah guided. And Allah would never make your faith

(prayers) to be lost (i.e. your prayers offered towards Jerusalem). Truly, Allah is full of kindness, the Most Merciful towards mankind. 2-144. Verily! We have seen the turning of your

(Muhammad's ) face towards the heaven. Surely, We shall turn you to a Qiblah (prayer

direction) that shall please you, so turn your face in the direction of Al-Masjid- al-Haram (at

Makkah). And wheresoever you people are, turn your faces (in prayer) in that direction.

Certainly, the people who were given the Scriptures (i.e. Jews and the Christians) know well

that, that (your turning towards the direction of the Ka'bah at Makkah in prayers) is the truth

from their Lord. And Allah is not unaware of what they do. XñY™x» š_~ä™wJxsZÐäƒ ‚žœ kZhá•žì@tÕÅä¯‚Ã•zkÆVâ› XcŠ¯‚Ã~:{._ÆéZpÅ\Wä à¬vZÂ Zƒ7"UWñtZ 1 2-145. And even if you were to bring to the people of the Scripture (Jews and Christians) all the

Ayat (proofs, evidences, verses, lessons, signs, revelations, etc.), they would not follow your

Qiblah (prayer direction), nor are you going to follow their Qiblah (prayer direction). And they will not follow each other's Qiblah (prayer direction). Verily, if you follow their desires after that which you have received of knowledge (from Allah), then indeed you will be one of the Zalimun

(polytheists, wrong-doers, etc.).

Jews and Christians recognized Prophet Muhammad, pbuh, but Concealed this information. wßZòsZ DÖÐVÍß q

or the Ka'bah at Makkah) as they recongise their sons. But verily, a party of them conceal the

truth while they know it - [i.e. the qualities of Muhammad which are written in the Taurat

(Torah) and the Injeel (Gospel)]. 2-147. (This is) the truth from your Lord. So be you not one of

those who doubt. qÃg ZuzŠX{g0ZuzŠ qÃgVƒgVZX{•{gÎ 2-148. For every nation there is a direction to which they face (in their prayers). So hasten towards all that is good. Wheresoever you may be, Allah will bring you together (on the Day of

Resurrection). Truly, Allah is Able to do all things. 2-149. And from wheresoever you start forth

(for prayers), turn your face in the direction of Al-Masjid-al-Haram (at Makkah), that is indeed

the truth from your Lord. And Allah is not unaware of what you do. 2-150. And from wheresoever you start forth (for prayers), turn your face in the direction of Al-Masjid-al-Haram

(at Makkah), and wheresoever you are, turn your faces towards, it (when you pray) so that men

may have no argument against you except those of them that are wrong-doers, so fear them

not, but fear Me! - And so that I may complete My Blessings on you and that you may be

guided. ª]zˆÅ]cW)fÆTcŠŸ9„Ðx¸ÅyZ~V1²Æ™wJ¬ŠÅ³•ZgzZ•Z'Z]|äà¬vZ $ ]!_tÃÑªÑÉHgzZå:ØÃèšE²»X*2,q{z X½Åä™ŸŸ ªÕÔ½ÅyWÛŒ ÔV X¸!ZÛ•geÅä™u0Ð 2-151. Similarly (to complete My Blessings on you) We have sent among you a Messenger

(Muhammad ) of your own, reciting to you Our Verses (the Qur'an) and sanctifying you, and

teaching you the Book (the Qur'an) and the Hikmah (i.e. Sunnah, Islamic laws and Fiqh -

jurisprudence), and teaching you that which you used not to know. wßZòsZ ðÃÌZžcŠCÌwßZtgzZXìI~gZ¦]*gzZì¬»äƒgZ¦]»vZ ÃVâ›ÆJÖ#ªgzZ V1² ðÃ¯4gzZy‚WÐkZ»YÐvZXÇ}™Šc»Zg¯{zzŠ™qzÑ*™ŠcÃÃvZ¬ Â}™ŠcÃkZ à¬vZžìe Y7„ƒ 2-152.Therefore remember Me (by praying, glorifying, etc.). I will remember you, and be

grateful to Me (for My countless Favours on you) and never be ungrateful to Me. qÃg ZŠX{g0ZuzŠ qÃgVZÞZX{•{gÎ wßZòsZ »äƒk0~kZÂƒyJZ ÌZ Xì@™

As-Sabirin (the patient ones, etc.).2-154. And say not of those who are killed in the Way of

Allah, "They are dead." Nay, they are living, but you perceive (it) not.2-155. And certainly, We

shall test you with something of fear, hunger, loss of wealth, lives and fruits, but give glad

tidings to As-Sabirin (the patient ones, etc.).2-156. Who, when afflicted with calamity, say:

"Truly! To Allah we belong and truly, to Him we shall return."2-157. They are those on whom are the Salawat (i.e. blessings, etc.) (i.e. who are blessed and will be forgiven) from their Lord,

and (they are those who) receive His Mercy, and it is they who are the guided-ones. •ãZz¹]cWX• ñŠ8ŠLgnkZXì™f»2Z¸ZJyWÆ]gÎ ÐˆÆ158!eW •CYW~™Zg¯ ²zgÆ {/gzZe 2-158. Verily! As-Safa and Al-Marwah (two mountains in Makkah) are of the Symbols of Allah.

So it is not a sin on him who perform Hajj or 'Umrah (pilgrimage) of the House (the Ka'bah at

Makkah) to perform the going (Tawaf) between them (As-Safa and Al-Marwah). And whoever does good voluntarily, then verily, Allah is All-Recogniser, All-Knower. 2-159. Verily, those who

conceal the clear proofs, evidences and the guidance, which We have sent down, after We have made it clear for the people in the Book, they are the ones cursed by Allah and cursed by the cursers. 2-160. Except those who repent and do righteous deeds, and openly declare (the

truth which they concealed). These, I will accept their repentance. And I am the One Who

accepts repentance, the Most Merciful. XÏƒ7»LZwÅyZ •DY%„~¬ªqgzZDÑ7yZZ ÌÜ‰zD% gzZDÑ7yZZ½Ï0iŽ 2-161. Verily, those who disbelieve, and die while they are disbelievers, it is they on whom is

the Curse of Allah and of the angels and of mankind, combined.2-162. They will abide therein

(under the curse in Hell), their punishment will neither be lightened, nor will they be reprieved.

2-163. And your Ilah (God) is One Ilah (God - Allah), La ilaha illa Huwa (there is none who has

the right to be worshipped but He), the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful qÃgåaX{g0ZuzŠ qÃgVZ•X{•{gÎ 8nÆyTÅà¬vZ .2-164.Verily! In the creation of the heavens and the earth, and in the alternation of night and

day, and the ships which sail through the sea with that which is of use to mankind, and the water (rain) which Allah sends down from the sky and makes the earth alive therewith after its

death, and the moving (living) creatures of all kinds that He has scattered therein, and in the

veering of winds and clouds which are held between the sky and the earth, are indeed Ayat

(proofs, evidences, signs, etc.) for people of understanding.

Those who take others as RIVALS to Allah, will be disappointed as they will disown their

followers on Day of Judgement, saying we ourselves are under assessment by Allah ,so we

cannot save you XìI® ¤ZgzZ›S0ZÅVâ¨Z~ãâÛ•*Åà¬vZXwßZòsZ S0ZÅ V-g@a¯ÎgzZVÍßÏ(gzZ •f™¿™™Ðs§ÅvZgzZsÃ]!ÙCÅVzMVzc~*ŠvßŽ XyÒ»kZ ÇƒH•»yZ •D™{kcx`6ìÆyZ~® ¤Z ?Ôìg™7¸ÌëH 2-165. And of mankind are some who take (for worship) others besides Allah as rivals (to

Allah). They love them as they love Allah. But those who believe, love Allah more (than

anything else). If only, those who do wrong could see, when they will see the torment, that all

power belongs to Allah and that Allah is Severe in punishment. 2-166. When those who were followed, disown (declare themselves innocent of) those who followed (them), and they see the torment, then all their relations will be cut off from them. 2-167. And those who followed will

say: "If only we had one more chance to return (to the worldly life), we would disown (declare

ourselves as innocent from) them as they have disowned (declared themselves as innocent

from) us." Thus Allah will show them their deeds as regrets for them. And they will never get

out of the Fire.

qÃgVZv0X{g0ZuzŠ qÃgVZåZ X{•{gÎ

]iYZÅuZgZp u0gzZw'sÜ 2-168. O mankind! Eat of that which is lawful and good on the earth, and follow not the

footsteps of Shaitan (Satan). Verily, he is to you an open enemy. 2-169. [Shaitan (Satan)]

commands you only what is evil and Fahsha (sinful), and that you should say against Allah

what you know not. ì¬»ä™¿A Ñ9¤Z™™aÎgzZsXƒx*Z(HìeìIÇS0Z ÌÅËXwßZòsZ S0ZXìCƒ{Šyv{zèÑq•D™gZÜZ6ä™¿6ÔZ6x6Ô`ZzgzÌgÅZŠZŠ\!åñOÅðCåvß X•b§ÅVzgâYvß,ZìIJ Ç ìgZz™7 gZÜZ6ÇS0ZÌëH 2-170.When it is said to them: "Follow what Allah has sent down." They say: "Nay! We shall follow what we found our fathers following." (Would they do that!) Even though their fathers did

not understand anything nor were they guided? 2-171. And the example of those who disbelieve, is as that of him who shouts to the (flock of sheep) that hears nothing but calls and

cries. (They are) deaf, dumb and blind. So they do not understand.

Lawful and forbidden foods wßZòsZ ì]iYZ}g!ä3qN nÆäXÏ0igzZìI*3HH 2172. O you who believe (in the Oneness of Allah - Islamic Monotheism)! Eat of the lawful

things that We have provided you with, and be grateful to Allah, if it is indeed He Whom you

worship. 2-173.He has forbidden you only the Maytatah (dead animals), and blood, and the

flesh of swine, and that which is slaughtered as a scrifice for others than Allah (or has been slaughtered for idols, etc., on which Allah's Name has not been mentioned while slaughtering).

But if one is forced by necessity without wilful disobedience nor transgressing due limits, then

there is no sin on him. Truly, Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful. ZwÅyZ •DÖá$Æwâ'!Å [ÂÅvZŽ 2-174. Verily, those who conceal what Allah has sent down of the Book, and purchase a small gain therewith (of worldly things), they eat into their bellies nothing but fire. Allah will not speak

to them on the Day of Resurrection, nor purify them, and theirs will be a painful torment. 2-175.

Those are they who have purchased error at the price of Guidance, and torment at the price of

Forgiveness. So how bold they are (for evil deeds which will push them) to the Fire. 2-176.

That is because Allah has sent down the Book (the Qur'an) in truth. And verily, those who

disputed as regards the Book are far away in opposition. qÃgÙX{g0ZuzŠ qÃgVZ™!X{•{gÎ

•'!ÅnHH 2-177. It is not Al-Birr (piety, righteousness, and each and every act of obedience to Allah, etc.)

that you turn your faces towards east and (or) west (in prayers); but Al-Birr is (the quality of)

the one who believes in Allah, the Last Day, the Angels, the Book, the Prophets and gives his

wealth, in spite of love for it, to the kinsfolk, to the orphans, and to Al-Masakin (the poor), and

to the wayfarer, and to those who ask, and to set slaves free, performs As-Salat

(Iqamat-as-Salat), and gives the Zakat, and who fulfill their covenant when they make it, and

who are As-Sabirin (the patient ones, etc.) in extreme poverty and ailment (disease) and at the

time of fighting (during the battles). Such are the people of the truth and they are Al-Muttaqun

(pious - see V.2:2). 2Z¸ÆkŸ 2-178. O you who believe! Al-Qisas (the Law of Equality in punishment) is prescribed for you in case of murder: the free for the free, the slave for the slave, and the female for the female. But if

the killer is forgiven by the brother (or the relatives, etc.) of the killed against blood money,

then adhering to it with fairness and payment of the blood money, to the heir should be made

in fairness. This is an alleviation and a mercy from your Lord. So after this whoever

transgresses the limits (i.e. kills the killer after taking the blood money), he shall have a painful torment. 2-179. And there is (a saving of) life for you in Al-Qisas (the Law of Equality in

punishment), O men of understanding, that you may become Al-Muttaqun (the pious - see

V.2:2). yâ‡ òsZ» ó*¤z~k’ ìe*ƒŠŽñ)*¤z~k’Ü‰zÙCk0Æy›ÙC._ÆguXìnÛ•*™¤z 2-180. It is prescribed for you, when death approaches any of you, if he leaves wealth, that he

make a bequest to parents and next of kin, according to reasonable manners. (This is) a duty

upon Al-Muttaqun (the pious - see V.2:2). 2-181. Then whoever changes the bequest after

hearing it, the sin shall be on those who make the change. Truly, Allah is All-Hearer,

All-Knower. 2-182. But he who fears from a testator some unjust act or wrong-doing, and

thereupon he makes peace between the parties concerned, there shall be no sin on him.

Certainly, Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful. qÃgVZÂ‚X{g0ZuzŠ JG" qÃgVZðiG45 X{•{gÎ ]â©ZÆ}izg 2-183. O you who believe! Observing As-Saum (the fasting) is prescribed for you as it was

prescribed for those before you, that you may become Al-Muttaqun (the pious - see

V.2:2).2-184. [Observing Saum (fasts)] for a fixed number of days, but if any of you is ill or on a journey, the same number (should be made up) from other days. And as for those who can fast

with difficulty, (e.g. an old man, etc.), they have (a choice either to fast or) to feed a Miskin

(poor person) (for every day). But whoever does good of his own accord, it is better for him.

And that you fast, it is better for you if only you know. 2-185. The month of Ramadan in which

was revealed the Qur'an, a guidance for mankind and clear proofs for the guidance and the

criterion (between right and wrong). So whoever of you sights (the crescent on the first night

of) the month (of Ramadan i.e. is present at his home), he must observe Saum (fasts) that month, and whoever is ill or on a journey, the same number [of days which one did not observe

Saum (fasts) must be made up] from other days. Allah intends for you ease, and He does not

want to make things difficult for you. (He wants that you) must complete the same number (of

days), and that you must magnify Allah [i.e. to say Takbir (Allahu-Akbar; Allah is the Most

Great) on seeing the crescent of the months of Ramadan and Shawwal] for having guided you

so that you may be grateful to Him. wßZòsZ Xì@ƒdÛŒÆ}ÈÙC{zžVYìùŠpÃY¬ŠÅ}ÈÙCà¬vZ 2-186.And when My slaves ask you (O Muhammad ) concerning Me, then (answer them), I am indeed near (to them by My Knowledge). I respond to the invocations of the supplicant when he

calls on Me (without any mediator or intercessor). So let them obey Me and believe in Me, so

that they may be led aright. 2Z¸Æ"ÛŒÅ~çVx~VâŠÆ}izg 2-187. It is made lawful for you to have sexual relations with your wives on the night of

As-Saum (the fasts). They are Libas [i.e. body cover, or screen, or Sakan, (i.e. you enjoy the

pleasure of living with her - as in Verse 7:189) Tafsir At-Tabari], for you and you are the same for them. Allah knows that you used to deceive yourselves, so He turned to you (accepted your

repentance) and forgave you. So now have sexual relations with them and seek that which

Allah has ordained for you (offspring), and eat and drink until the white thread (light) of dawn

appears to you distinct from the black thread (darkness of night), then complete your Saum

(fast) till the nightfall. And do not have sexual relations with them (your wives) while you are in

I'tikaf (i.e. confining oneself in a mosque for prayers and invocations leaving the worldly activities) in the mosques. These are the limits (set) by Allah, so approach them not. Thus does

Allah make clear His Ayat (proofs, evidences, lessons, signs, revelations, verses, laws, legal and illegal things, Allah's set limits, orders, etc.) to mankind that they may become Al-Muttaqun

(the pious - see V.2:2). ìIï Ô]Øg Ôï6j§mY*6!àâÅ Ë 2-188. And eat up not one another's property unjustly (in any illegal way e.g. stealing, robbing,

deceiving, etc.), nor give bribery to the rulers (judges before presenting your cases) that you

may knowingly eat up a part of the property of others sinfully. qÃgVZ^WX{g0ZuzŠ qÃgVZ•a X{•{gÎ XìnÆgrÆVâ¨ZgzZ‹oIè xÂ»Ü‰zF60ec time counting system òsZ »0e²ëXìáÐ`gÎxÂ»VÈñXì@ƒÐ0e [ˆ» VâŠÆ¹²ì@ƒç»]ZgyŠÐ`gÎ D™{Šci·qZˆw‚&ÙCÐäƒF60eƒgsäZ6Æ*ŠnkZìNgyŠkŠÐw‚Æ`gÎw‚ ¬yŠ kŠw‚ÙC yŠÆegzZVzizgÐTìLg„»¹{g!w‚òsZ1ñYƒ'Z'Æw‚Æ`gÎž@¸ èYn¯7gròsZ~R'ëžì]!Å¬$~(X~V-ŠuLgzZ•Dƒ~Vñ¤LtÂ•Dƒ Y0gr°ÂB™t·Z™¯Šgœ!ˆÌðÃë²•^6ä™qzÑ·™NŠ0esÜ xZ™Yf Xìgr~‡ÌgrìXìF60eÌ[Zgr~Š·Xì 2-189.They ask you (O Muhammad ) about the new moons. Say: These are signs to mark fixed

periods of time for mankind and for the pilgrimage. It is not Al-Birr (piety, righteousness, etc.)

that you enter the houses from the back but Al-Birr (is the quality of the one) who fears Allah.

So enter houses through their proper doors, and fear Allah that you may be successful. 2Z¸ÆŠ˜ 2-190. And fight in the Way of Allah those who fight you, but transgress not the limits. Truly,

Allah likes not the transgressors. [This Verse is the first one that was revealed in connection

with Jihad, but it was supplemented by another (V.9:36)]. 2-191. And kill them wherever you find them, and turn them out from where they have turned you out. And Al-Fitnah is worse than

killing. And fight not with them at Al-Masjid-al-Haram (the sanctuary at Makkah), unless they

(first) fight you there. But if they attack you, then kill them. Such is the recompense of the

disbelievers. 2-192. But if they cease, then Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful. 2-193.And

fight them until there is no more Fitnah (disbelief and worshipping of others along with Allah)

and (all and every kind of) worship is for Allah (Alone). But if they cease, let there be no

transgression except against Az-Zalimun (the polytheists, and wrong-doers, etc.) 2-194. The

sacred month is for the sacred month, and for the prohibited things, there is the Law of

Equality (Qisas). Then whoever transgresses the prohibition against you, you transgress

likewise against him. And fear Allah, and know that Allah is with Al-Muttaqun (the pious - see

V.2:2) . 2-195. And spend in the Cause of Allah (i.e. Jihad of all kinds, etc.) and do not throw yourselves into destruction (by not spending your wealth in the Cause of Allah), and do good.

Truly, Allah loves Al-Muhsinun (the good-doers). 2Z¸Æ e 196. And perform properly (i.e. all the ceremonies according to the ways of Prophet Muhammad

), the Hajj and 'Umrah (i.e. the pilgrimage to Makkah) for Allah. But if you are prevented (from

completing them), sacrifice a Hady (animal, i.e. a sheep, a cow, or a camel, etc.) such as you

can afford, and do not shave your heads until the Hady reaches the place of sacrifice. And

whosoever of you is ill or has an ailment in his scalp (necessitating shaving), he must pay a

Fidyah (ransom) of either observing Saum (fasts) (three days) or giving Sadaqah (charity - feeding six poor persons) or offering sacrifice (one sheep). Then if you are in safety and

whosoever performs the 'Umrah in the months of Hajj, before (performing) the Hajj, (i.e.

Hajj-at-Tamattu' and Al-Qiran), he must slaughter a Hady such as he can afford, but if he cannot

afford it, he should observe Saum (fasts) three days during the Hajj and seven days after his

return (to his home), making ten days in all. This is for him whose family is not present at

Al-Masjid-al-Haram (i.e. non-resident of Makkah). And fear Allah much and know that Allah is

Severe in punishment. qÃgVZzâX{g0ZuzŠ qÃgVZÒ X{•{gÎ 2-197. The Hajj (pilgrimage) is (in) the well-known (lunar year) months (i.e. the 10th month, the

11th month and the first ten days of the 12th month of the Islamic calendar, i.e. two months and

ten days). So whosoever intends to perform Hajj therein by assuming Ihram), then he should

not have sexual relations (with his wife), nor commit sin, nor dispute unjustly during the Hajj.

And whatever good you do, (be sure) Allah knows it. And take a provision (with you) for the

journey, but the best provision is At-Taqwa (piety, righteousness, etc.). So fear Me, O men of

understanding! 2-198. There is no sin on you if you seek the Bounty of your Lord (during

pilgrimage by trading, etc.). Then when you leave 'Arafat, remember Allah (by glorifying His

Praises, i.e. prayers and invocations, etc.) at the Mash'ar-il-Haram. And remember Him (by

invoking Allah for all good, etc.) as He has guided you, and verily, you were, before, of those who were astray.2-199. Then depart from the place whence all the people depart and ask Allah

for His Forgiveness. Truly, Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Most-Merciful. 2-200. So when you have accomplished your Manasik [(i.e. Ihram, Tawaf of the Ka'bah and As-Safa and Al-Marwah), stay

at 'Arafat, Muzdalifah and Mina, Ramy of Jamarat, (stoning of the specified pillars in Mina) slaughtering of Hady (animal, etc.)]. Remember Allah as you remember your forefathers or with

a far more remembrance. But of mankind there are some who say: "Our Lord! Give us (Your

Bounties) in this world!" and for such there will be no portion in the Hereafter. wßZòsZ kÅ]yZZÃ*ŠèYì«6wqZiZÆ*Šõ»]yWèY ~ˆ»]yWgzZì¬¬»`âõ»*Š… XìŠcŠgZÛŒ 2-201.And of them there are some who say: "Our Lord! Give us in this world that which is good

and in the Hereafter that which is good, and save us from the torment of the Fire!" 2-202. For them there will be alloted a share for what they have earned. And Allah is Swift at reckoning.

2-203. And remember Allah during the appointed Days. But whosoever hastens to leave in two days, there is no sin on him and whosoever stays on, there is no sin on him, if his aim is to do

good and obey Allah (fear Him), and know that you will surely be gathered unto Him. Ðg0Z1•D™{ZegzZ•ïŠžðŠÆ™WOÐVÂ!)ÃVÍßžŽ ì~}g!Æg7Ï(gzZIèyZt XìÂzgÐZ°ÂñZgeÐvZðÃZ gzZX• DƒáZzä;ŠYgzZáZzä™w¡Z 2-204.And of mankind there is he whose speech may please you (O Muhammad ), in this

worldly life, and he calls Allah to witness as to that which is in his heart, yet he is the most quarrelsome of the opponents.2-205. And when he turns away (from you "O Muhammad "), his effort in the land is to make mischief therein and to destroy the crops and the cattle, and Allah

likes not mischief.2-206. And when it is said to him, "Fear Allah", he is led by arrogance to

(more) crime. So enough for him is Hell, and worst indeed is that place to rest!2-207. And of

mankind is he who would sell himself, seeking the Pleasure of Allah. And Allah is full of

Kindness to (His) slaves. *â:¼gzZ 1yâ¼ž7t’e*ƒ¿Zg7Zg76xsZ 2-208. O you who believe! Enter perfectly in Islam (by obeying all the rules and regulations of the Islamic religion) and follow not the footsteps of Shaitan (Satan). Verily! He is to you a plain enemy.2-209. Then if you slide back after the clear signs (Prophet Muhammad and this Qur'an,

and Islam) have come to you, then know that Allah is All-Mighty, All-Wise.2-2-2-210. Do they then wait for anything other than that Allah should come to them in the shadows of the clouds

and the angels? (Then) the case would be already judged. And to Allah return all matters (for

decision). qÃgVZÎŠX{g0ZuzŠ qÃgVZŸ X{•{gÎ 2-211. Ask the Children of Israel how many clear Ayat (proofs, evidences, verses, lessons, signs, revelations, etc.) We gave them. And whoever changes Allah's Favour after it had come

to him, [e.g. renounces the Religion of Allah (Islam) and accepts Kufr (disbelief),] then surely,

Allah is Severe in punishment.2-212. Beautified is the life of this world for those who

disbelieve, and they mock at those who believe. But those who obey Allah's Orders and keep

away from what He has forbidden, will be above them on the Day of Resurrection. And Allah

gives (of His Bounty, Blessings, Favours, Honours, etc. on the Day of Resurrection) to whom He wills without limit. •ïŠßFÃ•g}hZ6Ø<èLZLZVYvßÆØ

and with them He sent the Scripture in truth to judge between people in matters wherein they

differed. And only those to whom (the Scripture) was given differed concerning it after clear

proofs had come unto them through hatred, one to another. Then Allah by His Leave guided

those who believed to the truth of that wherein they differed. And Allah guides whom He wills

to a Straight Path. ìC7ã™ZŠZ7ÅqÙC.CYï7~j¼ 2-214. Or think you that you will enter Paradise without such (trials) as came to those who

passed away before you? They were afflicted with severe poverty and ailments and were so

shaken that even the Messenger and those who believed along with him said, "When (will

come) the Help of Allah?" Yes! Certainly, the Help of Allah is near! wßZÆä™ay… 2-215. They ask you (O Muhammad ) what they should spend. Say: Whatever you spend of

good must be for parents and kindred and orphans and Al-Masakin (the poor) and the

wayfarers, and whatever you do of good deeds, truly, Allah knows it well. x©ZÆŠ˜ 2-216;Jihad (holy fighting in Allah's Cause) is ordained for you (Muslims) though you dislike it,

and it may be that you dislike a thing which is good for you and that you like a thing which is

bad for you. Allah knows but you do not know. qÃgVZƒgŠX{g0ZuzŠ qÃgVZ™* X{•{gÎ 2-217. They ask you concerning fighting in the Sacred Months (i.e. 1st, 7th, 11th and 12th months of the Islamic calendar). Say, "Fighting therein is a great (transgression) but a greater

(transgression) with Allah is to prevent mankind from following the Way of Allah, to disbelieve

in Him, to prevent access to Al-Masjid-al-Haram (at Makkah), and to drive out its inhabitants,

and Al-Fitnah is worse than killing. And they will never cease fighting you until they turn you back from your religion (Islamic Monotheism) if they can. And whosoever of you turns back

from his religion and dies as a disbeliever, then his deeds will be lost in this life and in the

Hereafter, and they will be the dwellers of the Fire. They will abide therein forever." 2-218.

Verily, those who have believed, and those who have emigrated (for Allah's Religion) and have

striven hard in the Way of Allah, all these hope for Allah's Mercy. And Allah is Oft-Forgiving,

Most-Mercifu ]â©Z}g!]‡œÔ[ZÑ 2-219. They ask you (O Muhammad ) concerning alcoholic drink and gambling. Say: "In them is a great sin, and (some) benefit for men, but the sin of them is greater than their benefit." And

they ask you what they ought to spend. Say: "That which is beyond your needs." Thus Allah makes clear to you His Laws in order that you may give thought."2-220. In (to) this worldly life

and in the Hereafter. And they ask you concerning orphans. Say: "The best thing is to work

honestly in their property, and if you mix your affairs with theirs, then they are your brothers.

And Allah knows him who means mischief (e.g. to swallow their property) from him who means

good (e.g. to save their property). And if Allah had wished, He could have put you into

difficulties. Truly, Allah is All-Mighty, All-Wise." x©ZÆ"ÛŒgzZ~Šá• 2-221. And do not marry Al-Mushrikat (idolatresses, etc.) till they believe (worship Allah Alone).

And indeed a slave woman who believes is better than a (free) Mushrikah (idolatress, etc.),

even though she pleases you. And give not (your daughters) in marriage to Al-Mushrikun till

they believe (in Allah Alone) and verily, a believing slave is better than a (free) Mushrik

(idolater, etc.), even though he pleases you. Those (Al-Mushrikun) invite you to the Fire, but

Allah invites (you) to Paradise and Forgiveness by His Leave, and makes His Ayat (proofs, evidences, verses, lessons, signs, revelations, etc.) clear to mankind that they may remember. qÃgVZƒg!X{g0ZuzŠ qÃgVZ™VZ X{•{gÎ 2-222. They ask you concerning menstruation. Say: that is an Adha (a harmful thing for a husband to have a sexual intercourse with his wife while she is having her menses), therefore

keep away from women during menses and go not unto them till they have purified (from menses and have taken a bath). And when they have purified themselves, then go in unto them

as Allah has ordained for you (go in unto them in any manner as long as it is in their vagina).

Truly, Allah loves those who turn unto Him in repentance and loves those who purify themselves (by taking a bath and cleaning and washing thoroughly their private parts, bodies,

for their prayers, etc.).2-223. Your wives are a tilth for you, so go to your tilth (have sexual relations with your wives in any manner as long as it is in the vagina and not in the anus), when

or how you will, and send (good deeds, or ask Allah to bestow upon you pious offspring)

before you for your ownselves. And fear Allah, and know that you are to meet Him (in the

Hereafter), and give good tidings to the believers (O Muhammad ). ]â©ZÆn 2-224. And make not Allah's (Name) an excuse in your oaths against your doing good and acting piously, and making peace among mankind. And Allah is All-Hearer, All-Knower (i.e. do

not swear much and if you have sworn against doing something good then give an expiation

for the oath and do good).2-225. Allah will not call you to account for that which is

unintentional in your oaths, but He will call you to account for that which your hearts have earned. And Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Most-Forbearing.2-226. Those who take an oath not to have sexual relation with their wives must wait four months, then if they return (change their idea in this period), verily, Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful.2-227. And if they decide upon divorce,

then Allah is All-Hearer, All-Knower. x©ZÆVÂgú Cct: 2-228. And divorced women shall wait (as regards their marriage) for three menstrual periods, and it is not lawful for them to conceal what Allah has created in their wombs, if they believe in

Allah and the Last Day. And their husbands have the better right to take them back in that

period, if they wish for reconciliation. And they (women) have rights (over their husbands as

regards living expenses, etc.) similar (to those of their husbands) over them (as regards

obedience and respect, etc.) to what is reasonable, but men have a degree (of responsibility)

over them. And Allah is All-Mighty, All-Wise. qÃgVZð¾X{g0ZuzŠ GE qÃgZðiG45"Z X{•{gÎ XwßZòsZ ìiŠzŠt:žì@âÛ•à¬vZ t:t:Ðy!ig!Xž7mðÃÐ]!kZ »kZXì ÷ezŠÆ¶Št:iŠ zŠ~½Ï0iÈ»kZX ƒ[Å÷eqZ1ìY™qŽg J¬&ˆÆTXÏƒt:„qZ¾ìè%g!ÎXì@™wEZÂ» 6{ŠZgZÔÒÃÅwsrÅVâZ0{VâzŠ6TÔ*™ÙCª{ŠZgZ»t:~TXìg»i§Zg7qZ»÷eqZXÇ wEZ:¤ZÔªœÅä™qŽgJ¬&Ôxg„~ykÆkZ»~çÔbŠt:qZt‚ÆVƒZÍˆÆgZÜZ Å qZÂì©Ì™qŽg¤ZX•ïá•ƒ ç»]âOZÆ V”Ô+ŠèEG4ÓG5âÔ*ƒµZzt:ˆÆ¬&Â}™ ˆž²¼ Æt:«¤Zb§ÏZXì@Y{g¹!÷eqZ»t:qŽgÞ.‡~Ï0i†[Z1™wEZ ÷e XÇa„÷eqZÌAì©™wEZ ªœÅbï ˆÆkZ•M|7www.askallah.com.pkV‚dz~÷Ô?6vÅ!'Ô[Â~÷6qçñkZ V™¹~ZßäZ6}gø”ìÌ]otgzZì@ƒiZ0ZWZ6‚Åu0x¯×ÀßùžÐBNŠŠp\W XìábÛ•gzZhZgø*™9ÃT • twice, after that, either you retain her on reasonable terms or release X 2-229. The divorce is her with kindness. And it is not lawful for you (men) to take back (from your wives) any of your

Mahr (bridal money given by the husband to his wife at the time of marriage) which you have

given them, except when both parties fear that they would be unable to keep the limits ordained by Allah (e.g. to deal with each other on a fair basis). Then if you fear that they would

not be able to keep the limits ordained by Allah, then there is no sin on either of them if she gives back (the Mahr or a part of it) for her Al-Khul' (divorce). These are the limits ordained by

Allah, so do not transgress them. And whoever transgresses the limits ordained by Allah, then

such are the Zalimun (wrong-doers, etc.). 2-230. And if he has divorced her (the third time),

then she is not lawful unto him thereafter until she has married another husband. Then, if the

other husband divorces her, it is no sin on both of them that they reunite, provided they feel

that they can keep the limits ordained by Allah. These are the limits of Allah, which He makes plain for the people who have knowledge.2-231. And when you have divorced women and they have fulfilled the term of their prescribed period, either take them back on reasonable basis or set them free on reasonable basis. But do not take them back to hurt them, and whoever does

that, then he has wronged himself. And treat not the Verses (Laws) of Allah as a jest, but

remember Allah's Favours on you (i.e. Islam), and that which He has sent down to you of the

Book (i.e. the Qur'an) and Al-Hikmah (the Prophet's Sunnah - legal ways - Islamic jurisprudence, etc.) whereby He instructs you. And fear Allah, and know that Allah is All-Aware

of everything. qÃgVZðŠa X{g0ZuzŠ qÃgVZVZß X{•{gÎ 2-232. And when you have divorced women and they have fulfilled the term of their prescribed

period, do not prevent them from marrying their (former) husbands, if they mutually agree on reasonable basis. This (instruction) is an admonition for him among you who believes in Allah

and the Last Day. That is more virtuous and purer for you. Allah knows and you know not.2-233. The mothers shall give suck to their children for two whole years, (that is) for those

(parents) who desire to complete the term of suckling, but the father of the child shall bear the

cost of the mother's food and clothing on a reasonable basis. No person shall have a burden

laid on him greater than he can bear. No mother shall be treated unfairly on account of her child, nor father on account of his child. And on the (father's) heir is incumbent the like of that

(which was incumbent on the father). If they both decide on weaning, by mutual consent, and

after due consultation, there is no sin on them. And if you decide on a foster suckling-mother

for your children, there is no sin on you, provided you pay (the mother) what you agreed (to

give her) on reasonable basis. And fear Allah and know that Allah is All-Seer of what you do.2-234. And those of you who die and leave wives behind them, they (the wives) shall wait (as regards their marriage) for four months and ten days, then when they have fulfilled their term,

there is no sin on you if they (the wives) dispose of themselves in a just and honourable manner (i.e. they can marry). And Allah is Well-Acquainted with what you do.2-235. And there is no sin on you if you make a hint of betrothal or conceal it in yourself, Allah knows that you will

remember them, but do not make a promise of contract with them in secret except that you speak an honourable saying according to the Islamic law (e.g. you can say to her, "If one finds

a wife like you, he will be happy"). And do not consummate the marriage until the term

prescribed is fulfilled. And know that Allah knows what is in your minds, so fear Him. And

know that Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Most Forbearing. qÃgZƒgGX{g0ZuzŠ qÃgVZÚZ X{•{gÎ 2-236. There is no sin on you, if you divorce women while yet you have not touched (had sexual relation with) them, nor appointed unto them their Mahr (bridal money given by the husband to his wife at the time of marriage). But bestow on them ( a suitable gift), the rich according to his

means, and the poor according to his means, a gift of reasonable amount is a duty on the

doers of good.2-237. And if you divorce them before you have touched (had a sexual relation

with) them, and you have appointed unto them the Mahr (bridal money given by the husbands to his wife at the time of marriage), then pay half of that (Mahr), unless they (the women) agree to forego it, or he (the husband), in whose hands is the marriage tie, agrees to forego and give her full appointed Mahr. And to forego and give (her the full Mahr) is nearer to At-Taqwa (piety, right-eousness, etc.). And do not forget liberality between yourselves. Truly, Allah is All-Seer of

what you do. «™Åiú 2-238. Guard strictly (five obligatory) As-Salawat (the prayers) especially the middle Salat (i.e.

the best prayer - 'Asr). And stand before Allah with obedience [and do not speak to others

during the Salat (prayers)].2-239. And if you fear (an enemy), perfrom Salat (pray) on foot or

riding. And when you are in safety, offer the Salat (prayer) in the manner He has taught you,

which you knew not (before). t£Æ{çgzZh 2-240. And those of you who die and leave behind wives should bequeath for their wives a

year's maintenance and residence without turning them out, but if they (wives) leave, there is

no sin on you for that which they do of themselves, provided it is honourable (e.g. lawful

marriage). And Allah is All-Mighty, All-Wise. [The order of this Verse has been cancelled

(abrogated) by Verse 4:12].2-241. And for divorced women, maintenance (should be provided)

on reasonable (scale). This is a duty on Al-Muttaqun (the pious - see V.2:2).2-242. Thus Allah

makes clear His Ayat (Laws) to you, in order that you may understand. qÃgyZÛÎX{g0ZuzŠ qÃgVZ™!X{•{gÎ 2-243. Did you (O Muhammad ) not think of those who went forth from their homes in

thousands, fearing death? Allah said to them, "Die". And then He restored them to life. Truly,

Allah is full of Bounty to mankind, but most men thank not.2-244. And fight in the Way of Allah

and know that Allah is All-Hearer, All-Knower.2-245. Who is he that will lend to Allah a goodly loan so that He may multiply it to him many times? And it is Allah that decreases or increases

(your provisions), and unto Him you shall return. ì@2tòZÐ¹ÐwVqZÅV-Š·à¬vZ œk Æ™OÃ]ßY »ŠƒzZŠ]|~’g7Å ]ß¤]| Ã™±ÐÔŠ~{ZgÅvZëž@,™gH{á•Š!ZgøÃËžÅ„ ZpgŠÐÑÆÜ‰zLZäV-Š· 2-246. Have you not thought about the group of the Children of Israel after (the time of) Musa

(Moses)? When they said to a Prophet of theirs, "Appoint for us a king and we will fight in Allah's Way." He said, "Would you then refrain from fighting, if fighting was prescribed for you?" They said, "Why should we not fight in Allah's Way while we have been driven out of our

homes and our children (families have been taken as captives)?" But when fighting was

ordered for them, they turned away, all except a few of them. And Allah is All-Aware of the

Zalimun (polytheists and wrong-doers).

Âìd¾¹ÂtìY0{á•Š!Zgøùtž¹äBZÑZÂcŠ™gHg7Ãð]ß¤ ]| äÑÆV-Š·Z »Ö#Ó„ÐåBZÑZÂXìHŠ×'*{á•Š!ÐZävZžtgzZì~ŠÜ‰¤ãKgzZDÐZävZž¹äÑ Xì„gC™ætŸZ 2-247. And their Prophet (Samuel) said to them, "Indeed Allah has appointed Talut (Saul) as a king over you." They said, "How can he be a king over us when we are better fitted than him for

the kingdom, and he has not been given enough wealth." He said: "Verily, Allah has chosen him above you and has increased him abundantly in knowledge and stature. And Allah grants

His Kingdom to whom He wills. And Allah is All-Sufficient for His creatures' needs,

All-Knower."2-248. And their Prophet (Samuel) said to them: Verily! The sign of His Kingdom is

that there shall come to you At-Tabut (a wooden box), wherein is Sakinah (peace and reassurance) from your Lord and a remnant of that which Musa (Moses) and Harun (Aaron) left

behind, carried by the angels. Verily, in this is a sign for you if you are indeed believers. qÃgyZƒ, X{g0ZuzŠ JG" qÃg yZðiG45 X{•{gÎ 2-249. Then when Talut (Saul) set out with the army, he said: "Verily! Allah will try you by a river. So whoever drinks thereof, he is not of me, and whoever tastes it not, he is of me, except him who takes (thereof) in the hollow of his hand." Yet, they drank thereof, all, except a few of

them. So when he had crossed it (the river), he and those who believed with him, they said:

"We have no power this day against Jalut (Goliath) and his hosts." But those who knew with certainty that they were to meet their Lord, said: "How often a small group overcame a mighty

host by Allah's Leave?" And Allah is with As-Sabirin (the patient ones, etc.). wßZòsZ ì@ÑŠ]• „)gfÆx¸~uzŠcòŠW}uzŠÐ x¸~'còŠW}'qZ à¬vZ 2-250. And when they advanced to meet Jalut (Goliath) and his forces, they invoked: "Our Lord!

Pour forth on us patience and make us victorious over the disbelieving people." 2-251. So they routed them by Allah's Leave and Dawud (David) killed Jalut (Goliath), and Allah

gave him [Dawud (David)] the kingdom [after the death of Talut (Saul) and Samuel] and

Al-Hikmah (Prophethood), and taught him of that which He willed. And if Allah did not check one set of people by means of another, the earth would indeed be full of mischief. But Allah is

full of Bounty to the 'Alamin (mankind, jinns and all that exists).

2-252.These are the Verses of Allah, We recite them to you (O Muhammad ) in truth, and

surely, you are one of the Messengers (of Allah). {g0ZŠ qÃgª {g0ZŠ GE qÃgVZðiG45a" X{•{gÎ 2-253. Those Messengers! We preferred some to others; to some of them Allah spoke (directly);

others He raised to degrees (of honour); and to 'Iesa (Jesus), the son of Maryam (Mary), We

gave clear proofs and evidences, and supported him with Ruh-ul-Qudus [Jibrael (Gabriel)]. If

Allah had willed, succeeding generations would not have fought against each other, after clear

Verses of Allah had come to them, but they differed - some of them believed and others disbelieved. If Allah had willed, they would not have fought against one another, but Allah does

what He likes. qÃgZuzŠ {g0ZŠ qÃgVZbX{•{gÎ •DƒÝª„áZz+â:]!sÜX,™ayÐtigñŠÆkZžì@™Ãà¬vZ 2-254. O you who believe! Spend of that with which We have provided for you, before a Day

comes when there will be no bargaining, nor friendship, nor intercession. And it is the

disbelievers who are the Zalimun (wrong-doers, etc.). ÏÆZeWX; yTÅ]ÌÅà¬vZ •ˆ~Š~eW‹ZPXìˆ ˆÅ6(ZyTÅ]ÌÅà¬:4vZ „:gzZ’ ÐZ„:XÔÑZzpg ì‡åÔÑZz6g{0iåX7ëÑÆ]Š„ðÃ{z´ÆTì{zvZ" 255X2 „zXY™7Ìlg\ðÃÐkZ %Æ]iYZÅkZXì!ÅkZ{zì~}igzZVâ•W¼ŽXìCWózZ Ð~DÆkZ%Æ]iYZgzZ}ŠZgZÆkZgzZXÇƒH~V˜ŒZgzZÇƒH~*ŠkZB‚Æ ]‡‘žì}Y ƒ „zgzZXCƒ7Ì^zÝðÃD` ƒtÐZXì”6y•WgzZ}iÏ™cl²»kZXY™7ÝqðÃ "ìÌxgzZ™zZÐ 2-255. Allah! La ilaha illa Huwa (none has the right to be worshipped but He), the Ever Living, the One Who sustains and protects all that exists. Neither slumber, nor sleep overtake Him. To

Him belongs whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on earth. Who is he that can intercede

with Him except with His Permission? He knows what happens to them (His creatures) in this world, and what will happen to them in the Hereafter . And they will never compass anything of His Knowledge except that which He wills. His Kursi extends over the heavens and the earth,

and He feels no fatigue in guarding and preserving them. And He is the Most High, the Most

Great. [This Verse 2:255 is called Ayat-ul-Kursi.] wßZòsZ 74Š'iðÃ~+Š t -GŸ XìŠcŠ™cú Ð5Zgß3Zg÷ èY ùƒ „vZgzZXY^g 7LžŽì1ñZg–o¢„¹äkZÂì@ÑyZZ6vZÆ™gïZÐ]¨¤Ž Xì@Wá~ÝzgÐ}ƒ0Z7Z{zX•D™ŠOZ6kZŽì‡Wƒõ»yZ„vZXì8ŠgzZ Because right and wrong paths have been made distinct by quran

2-256. There is no compulsion in religion. Verily, the Right Path has become distinct from the

wrong path. Whoever disbelieves in Taghut and believes in Allah, then he has grasped the

most trustworthy handhold that will never break. And Allah is All-Hearer, All-Knower.2-2-257.

Allah is the Wali (Protector or Guardian) of those who believe. He brings them out from

darkness into light. But as for those who disbelieve, their Auliya (supporters and helpers) are

Taghut [false deities and false leaders, etc.], they bring them out from light into darkness.

Those are the dwellers of the Fire, and they will abide therein forever. qÃgZŠ {g0ZŠ qÃgVZoX{•{gÎ Šc3Š{ÙCb¿»äƒ{0iÐ{Š% Ã ð•Z'Z]| 2-258. Have you not looked at him who disputed with Ibrahim (Abraham) about his Lord (Allah),

because Allah had given him the kingdom? When Ibrahim (Abraham) said (to him): "My Lord

(Allah) is He Who gives life and causes death." He said, "I give life and cause death." Ibrahim

(Abraham) said, "Verily! Allah causes the sun to rise from the east; then cause it you to rise

from the west." So the disbeliever was utterly defeated. And Allah guides not the people, who are Zalimun (wrong-doers, etc.).2-259. Or like the one who passed by a town and it had tumbled over its roofs. He said: "Oh! How will Allah ever bring it to life after its death?" So Allah caused him to die for a hundred years, then raised him up (again). He said: "How long did you remain

(dead)?" He (the man) said: "(Perhaps) I remained (dead) a day or part of a day". He said: "Nay, you have remained (dead) for a hundred years, look at your food and your drink, they show no change; and look at your donkey! And thus We have made of you a sign for the people. Look at

the bones, how We bring them together and clothe them with flesh". When this was clearly shown to him, he said, "I know (now) that Allah is Able to do all things."2-260. And (remember)

when Ibrahim (Abraham) said, "My Lord! Show me how You give life to the dead." He (Allah) said: "Do you not believe?" He [Ibrahim (Abraham)] said: "Yes (I believe), but to be stronger in

Faith." He said: "Take four birds, then cause them to incline towards you (then slaughter them, cut them into pieces), and then put a portion of them on every hill, and call them, they will come

to you in haste. And know that Allah is All-Mighty, All-Wise." qÃgåa {g0ZŠ qÃgVZ¯X{•{gÎ BVÅkZgzZ]Zí‘œ 2-261. The likeness of those who spend their wealth in the Way of Allah, is as the likeness of a

grain (of corn); it grows seven ears, and each ear has a hundred grains. Allah gives manifold

increase to whom He pleases. And Allah is All-Sufficient for His creatures' needs,

All-Knower.2-262. Those who spend their wealth in the Cause of Allah, and do not follow up

their gifts with reminders of their generosity or with injury, their reward is with their Lord. On them shall be no fear, nor shall they grieve.2-263. Kind words and forgiving of faults are better

than Sadaqah (charity) followed by injury. And Allah is Rich (Free of all wants) and He is

Most-Forbearing.2-264. O you who believe! Do not render in vain your Sadaqah (charity) by

reminders of your generosity or by injury, like him who spends his wealth to be seen of men,

and he does not believe in Allah, nor in the Last Day. His likeness is the likeness of a smooth rock on which is a little dust; on it falls heavy rain which leaves it bare. They are not able to do anything with what they have earned. And Allah does not guide the disbelieving people.2-265.

And the likeness of those who spend their wealth seeking Allah's Pleasure while they in their ownselves are sure and certain that Allah will reward them (for their spending in His Cause), is

the likeness of a garden on a height; heavy rain falls on it and it doubles its yield of harvest.

And if it does not receive heavy rain, light rain suffices it. And Allah is All-Seer of (knows well)

what you do.2-266. Would any of you wish to have a garden with date-palms and vines, with

rivers flowing underneath, and all kinds of fruits for him therein, while he is striken with old age, and his children are weak (not able to look after themselves), then it is struck with a fiery whirlwind, so that it is burnt? Thus does Allah make clear His Ayat (proofs, evidences, verses)

to you that you may give thought. qÃgVZv0{g0ZŠ qÃgVZßhZX{•{gÎ wßZòsZ ì¬»¶Š,qhZ~{ZgÅvZ ¹á$Æ]‡œgzZ°çvZ²XìmZe~‚f'!egzZXìmZŠge»äƒd¾ y-Ð]Zí‘œ ì@™{°z»¶Š{Šci 2-267.O you who believe! Spend of the good things which you have (legally) earned, and of

that which We have produced from the earth for you, and do not aim at that which is bad to spend from it, (though) you would not accept it save if you close your eyes and tolerate therein.

And know that Allah is Rich (Free of all wants), and Worthy of all praise.2-268. Shaitan (Satan)

threatens you with poverty and orders you to commit Fahsha (evil deeds, illegal sexual intercourse, sins etc.); whereas Allah promises you Forgiveness from Himself and Bounty, and

Allah is All-Sufficient for His creatures' needs, All-Knower.2-269. He grants Hikmah to whom He

pleases, and he, to whom Hikmah is granted, is indeed granted abundant good. But none

remember (will receive admonition) except men of understanding.2-270. And whatever you

spend for spendings (e.g., in Sadaqah - charity, etc. for Allah's Cause) or whatever vow you

make, be sure Allah knows it all. And for the Zalimun (wrong-doers, etc.) there are no

helpers.2-271. If you disclose your Sadaqat (alms-giving), it is well, but if you conceal it, and give it to the poor, that is better for you. (Allah) will forgive you some of your sins. And Allah is

Well-Acquainted with what you do.2-272. Not upon you (Muhammad ) is their guidance, but

Allah guides whom He wills. And whatever you spend in good, it is for yourselves, when you

spend not except seeking Allah's Countenance. And whatever you spend in good, it will be repaid to you in full, and you shall not be wronged.2-273. (Charity is) for Fuqara (the poor), who

in Allah's Cause are restricted (from travel), and cannot move about in the land (for trade or

work). The one who knows them not, thinks that they are rich because of their modesty. You

may know them by their mark, they do not beg of people at all. And whatever you spend in

good, surely Allah knows it well. qÃgÙ{g0ZŠ GH( qÃg VZðiG45ŸZX{•{gÎ 2-274. Those who spend their wealth (in Allah's Cause) by night and day, in secret and in public, they shall have their reward with their Lord. On them shall be no fear, nor shall they

grieve. ìêŠ¬»¶Š]‡œà¬vZXìIbŠhŠÎ 2-275. Those who eat Riba (usury) will not stand (on the Day of Resurrection) except like the

standing of a person beaten by Shaitan (Satan) leading him to insanity. That is because they

say: "Trading is only like Riba (usury)," whereas Allah has permitted trading and forbidden

Riba (usury). So whosoever receives an admonition from his Lord and stops eating Riba

(usury) shall not be punished for the past; his case is for Allah (to judge); but whoever returns

[to Riba (usury)], such are the dwellers of the Fire - they will abide therein.2-276. Allah will destroy Riba (usury) and will give increase for Sadaqat (deeds of charity, alms, etc.) And Allah

likes not the disbelievers, sinners.2-277. Truly those who believe, and do deeds of

righteousness, and perform As-Salat (Iqamat-as-Salat), and give Zakat, they will have their

reward with their Lord. On them shall be no fear, nor shall they grieve.2-278. O you who

believe! Be afraid of Allah and give up what remains (due to you) from Riba (usury) (from now

onward), if you are (really) believers.2-279. And if you do not do it, then take a notice of war

from Allah and His Messenger but if you repent, you shall have your capital sums. Deal not

unjustly (by asking more than your capital sums), and you shall not be dealt with unjustly (by

receiving less than your capital sums).

bŠªœÃgZ¡ÛŒ 2-280. And if the debtor is in a hard time (has no money), then grant him time till it is easy for

him to repay, but if you remit it by way of charity, that is better for you if you did but

know.2-281. And be afraid of the Day when you shall be brought back to Allah. Then every

person shall be paid what he earned, and they shall not be dealt with unjustly. qÃgVZÂ‚{g0ZŠ qÃgVZû}Z X{•{gÎ wâ Ð ¶Š¦gÌ~+ŠALgä´˜!fXìgã‚W~ä™ì‡„ZÍž@ì¬»™]5çàâ ÝZgŠXìgW7s§Åä™¿6eWkZÌÌZy›1Xìˆƒ~k’!òâ»ZgzZXìcŠ¯y‚W*™:Zz E45_ XË$W7™Å]cZZÜyZÅyWÛŒÐä™ä ïGFÒ&zeøG¯Î 282. O you who believe! When you contract a debt for a fixed period, write it down. Let a scribe write it down in justice between you. Let not the scribe refuse to write as Allah has taught him, so let him write. Let him (the debtor) who incurs the liability dictate, and he must fear Allah, his Lord, and diminish not anything of what he owes. But if the debtor is of poor understanding, or

weak, or is unable himself to dictate, then let his guardian dictate in justice. And get two

witnesses out of your own men. And if there are not two men (available), then a man and two

women, such as you agree for witnesses, so that if one of them (two women) errs, the other

can remind her. And the witnesses should not refuse when they are called on (for evidence).

You should not become weary to write it (your contract), whether it be small or big, for its fixed

term, that is more just with Allah; more solid as evidence, and more convenient to prevent

doubts among yourselves, save when it is a present trade which you carry out on the spot

among yourselves, then there is no sin on you if you do not write it down. But take witnesses whenever you make a commercial contract. Let neither scribe nor witness suffer any harm, but

if you do (such harm), it would be wickedness in you. So be afraid of Allah; and Allah teaches you. And Allah is the All-Knower of each and everything.2-283. And if you are on a journey and

cannot find a scribe, then let there be a pledge taken (mortgaging); then if one of you entrust

the other, let the one who is entrusted discharge his trust (faithfully), and let him be afraid of

Allah, his Lord. And conceal not the evidence for he, who hides it, surely his heart is sinful.

And Allah is All-Knower of what you do. qÃgVZ^W {g0ZŠ qÃg VZûe X{•{gÎ XìF6VßßZgzZ]ZŠNZgzZ;#òsZ qÃg~yW X284eW ì´â»kZà¬vZì ~Vâ•WgzZì~}i¼Ž Çá[ˆ»kZvZXƒÖcz™ÙCªìeÔì¼Ž~wŠ}gv Ç}ŠZwÇìeÃTgzZÇ}Š™s…ÇìeÃT{zQ ìgŠ‡6qÙCvZ—ð 2-284. To Allah belongs all that is in the heavens and all that is on the earth, and whether you

disclose what is in your own selves or conceal it, Allah will call you to account for it. Then He

forgives whom He wills and punishes whom He wills. And Allah is Able to do all things. 285•eW Ô•ngyZZÌáZzyZZxÓ„B‚ÆyZgzZìðƒwi*Ðs§ÅvZ6kZŽì‚gyZZ~kZ9 ž•ëgzZX6Vz9xÓÆkZgzZÔ6V1ÂÅkZÔ6V¤Û•ÆkZÔ6vZì‚gyZZ qZÙC sZe7tÛ•ðÃ~}uzŠqZ~ Vz9xÓÆkZë ìRßäës§„~¾ gzZ[g}gø}Z}Š™ sç …ÂXà™® ¤ZäëgzZ‹äëž•ëgzZ 2-285. . The Messenger (Muhammad ) believes in what has been sent down to him from his

Lord, and (so do) the believers. Each one believes in Allah, His Angels, His Books, and His

Messengers. They say, "We make no distinction between one another of His Messengers" - and

they say, "We hear, and we obey. (We seek) Your Forgiveness, our Lord, and to You is the

return (of all)." 286•eW mZe 7ú1{ŠciÐÜ‰¤ÅkZÃy¨ZËà¬vZ ìHäkZ¿YZŽì@0`Z»qkZ{zgzZ ì@™ {z ¿Z'Ž ì@0Zw6qkZ{zgzZ Ô$™tcNYwÈë¤ZÂX[g}gø }ZÂ ÔåÑZe6VßZz¬ÐëäÂŽwZe:ú1{z6ëgzZ Ôƒ:È~ëÅäVZÆTwZe:ú1(Z6ëgzZ ì‡WZgø„ÂÔ™ 3g6ëgzZÔ}Šj gzZÔ}Š™sç… X}Šì6,”…gzZ 2-286. Allah burdens not a person beyond his scope. He gets reward for that (good) which he has earned, and he is punished for that (evil) which he has earned. " Our Lord! Punish us not if

we forget or fall into error, our Lord! Lay not on us a burden like that which You did lay on those before us (Jews and Christians); our Lord! Put not on us a burden greater than we have

strength to bear. Pardon us and grant us Forgiveness. Have mercy on us. You are our Maula

(Patron, Suppor-ter and Protector, etc.) and give us victory over the disbelieving people."

BASIC BELIEFS CONTAINED IN ABOVE THREE VERSES

1-ALL THINGS BELONG TO ALLAH.

2-ALLAH WILL CALL TO ACCOUNT EVERYONE FOR OPEN OR SECRET ACTIONS or

INTENTIONS.

3-HE CAN PUNISH OR FORGIVE ANYONE AT HIS WILL.

4-THE HOLPY PROPHET BELIEVES IN WHAT HAS BEEB SENT TO HIM BY ALLAH.

5- ALL BELIEVERS ALSO BELIEVE IN WHAT THE PROPHET BELIEVES IN. 6- EACH ONE BLIEVES IN ;-

ALLAH,HIS ANGELS,HIS BOOKS,AND ALL HIS MESSENGERS.

7- NO DISTINCTION IS MADE BETWEEN ALL PROPETS.

8- ALL BELIEVERS ARE to IMMEDIATELY OBEY WHEN THEY HEAR ORDERS OF ALLAH.

9- ALL BELIEVERS ASK FORGIVENESS ONLY FROM ALLAH.

10- ALL WILL RETURN TO ALLAH.

11- Allah burdens not a person beyond his scope or STRENGTH.

12- EVERYONE WILL get reward for that (good) which he has earned, and he is punished for

that (evil) which he has earned.

13- BEST WORDS AND MANNER OF ASKING FORGIVENESS FROM ALLAH ARE CONTAINED

IN LAST PART OF VERSE 286. ð!Z ìcŠx*»•Z66U>¶Ãx»Æ¶Š8ŠzŠgZÃu0x¯ä~ XìˆÅ~St„~ÝzgÅyZgzZF{ZgÄgŠqZta}÷

Âƒ;g™ÝqDaÆä™{0iÃxsZ{zžñ M~ªqkZ]ñÃ¿TLLXžcâÛ•ä~*™wÎg :gu xâZÔx‰ZY§Z÷eg)Ô(”0ZÔògZŠ)óXó ÇƒtÛ•»ZgŠqZsÜyxgŠÆYmZgzZÆkZgzZ~¼ (43™ÔwzZ¢ÔàZç [ZNÃVñŠ MgeÐä™wZÎqZžakZz™;gy7}g!ÆDX•wZÎVºÅkZì:Z•DLL :gu wzZ¢ÔàZçxâZÔx‰ZY§Z÷egXh1Z)óóXì@™›ÐyZŽgzZÃáZzGÔÃÝ¬ÔÃb‚ìM (43™Ô ÆD{zžìƒ oaÆÝ¬:gzZìglñ{ŠŽz!Æ6LZ{zž7ƒ oaÆIYqZLL :gu (43™ÔwzZ¢ÔàZçxâZÔx‰ZY§Z÷eg)óóXh1ZÔ”0ZÔtzŠ%0ZÔãZdXìggŠŽz! (ã]ZX12491 £Zµ )XƒgDÎÐZÂƒìgÎ|gŠqZ?gzZÑäƒ0'Ö#ª¤Z :gu ¼ ÃÏ0iÅ*ŠJ]ñžVƒìgÈŽM7„ƒpÖZðÃ]gzpgzZ4ÐpÖZÆgukZ~wì}÷ XƒgD™ÒÃ~ä¯ }7ã™:œQnÆDÆ\WÃVzuzŠ ž@ì Ë$0Ðä™¥ /ŠgzZDCZ ÐVzuzŠ¼ Ï0it Seek knowledge from the Cradle to the Grave” ? Anonymous, Al-Hadith: Sayings of the Prophet Muhamad

"And they shall say had we but listened or used reason, we would not be among the inmates of the burning fire." (Quran, 67:10)

"Are those who have knowledge and those who have no knowledge alike? Only the men of understanding are mindful. " (Quran, 39:9)Seek knowledge "even though it be in China."

"The acquisition of knowledge is compulsory for every Muslim, whether male or female.

"The ink of the scholar is more sacred than the blood of the martyr."

"Seek knowledge from the cradle to the grave."

"God has revealed to me, 'Whoever walks in the pursuit of knowledge I facilitate for him the way to heaven.'

"The best form of worship is the pursuit of knowledge."

•tínÆÆZgX}™{Ç Wgz¢ÐñZgKZ=Âñ7ÃkZÌŽžìlgZ¦~÷ [email protected]

tel Pakistan 92 51 5571398

92 345 5366081

Canada 416 494 4980 ZiÐqZ 2018ðÑŽ20 Z”XŠgI Xe O¶Z»8Š~‹ZÆˆyWÛŒ}÷ ìŠŽñ~ñz¢â6V‚+z~÷Ìt Introduction

Whenever one sits in a Pakistani families' gathering abroad, the discussion will invariably include how to safe guard our children from the ill effects of western culture. One hears many suggestions but very few come up with any workable idea or take practical steps. I felt that their concern was genuine.

. This project is a proof that 'Necessity is the mother of invention". It all started when my daughter rang me up from Canada, saying that they had started studying Quran with translation but they are finding it difficult to connect ayat and Ruku'.I thought that their problem was genuine and a solution needs to be found. The present tafseers or commentaries are too voluminous, that's why people don't read them. Therefore, the solution lies somewhere in between the translations without commentary and big commentaries.

I asked Allah's help to give me the idea and the solution. The help came in the form of an idea as requested.

THE IDEAS COME FROM ALLAH ALONE.

HE CHOOSES WHO TO GIVE AN IDEA AND WHEN

TO GIVE IT.

IT IS NEVER ACHIVEMENT OF AN INDIVIDUAL.

BECAUSE ALLAH SAYS IN QURAN;-

2-255 "He knows what happens to them (His creatures) in this world, and what will happen to them in the Hereafter.

And they will never encompass anything of His Knowledge except that which He wills. " Ma Sha Allah, La Quwwat IllaBillah.

La Haulawa La quwwataillabillah.

By the blessing and guidance of Allah, I thought of and developed a system by adding the headings to the main idea in a set of Verses, which explains the main idea or message contained in the verses, and, thus, makes the referred verses easy to understand. I sincerely hope it will help the parents to teach Quran in their homes .This will also increase socialization in the family and the love bond.

But I feel the real problems are different. It lies in our centuries old thought process. Muslims have gotten into the cultural habit of reciting Quran's Arabic text for sawab or reward only as they believe by reading Arabic text they earn ten rewards per each Arabic letter in a wordm and thus never feel the necessity to read Urdu or English translation.

The second associated big problem is that they think that reading only the translation will not entitle them to the above quoted sawab, which is not correct thinking. As a result, we all adults and our children in western countries also still follow the same thinking habit pattern and because of this erroneous mind set, all our lives remain ignorant of what Allah expects from us. This is certainly an erroneous thought as evident from the hadith given below;

Hadith Abu Huraira (Ra) narrated: Prophet of Allah (saw) said,

One hour meditation or pondering is better than 60 years of Nafal Ibadah.

Hazrat Muhammad (saw) found Allah (Swt) by continuing meditation for 15 years in Hira Cave.

Holy prophet was asked what was the nature of his Ibadat in Hira Cave before he was bestowed prophet hood,. He replied, Meditation about God and drawing lessons from others' experiences.

Therefore it is meditating, pondering and thinking about Allah and his Messages constitutes the best Ibadat, which will fetch more reward than just ten rewards per Arabic letter. because without knowing the meaning of Arabic text, we cannot know the Message, and will not be able to act on it which is the main aim of Quran. The following references will clear the wrong thoughts further In Holy Quran Allah says: They are wise those who remember (meditate) Allah while standing, sitting, and lying on their sides, and ponder or meditate over the creation of the heavens and the earth. (Sura Al-Imran).

How the knowledge is lost

Holy Prophet described the loss of knowledge in this hadith

Imaam Ahmed narrates that; the Messenger,(saw), said;'something' and then he said,

'That would happen when knowledge is lost. One of the Sahabah (IbnLubaid) said, 'O

Messenger of Allah, how can knowledge be lost when we have studied Qur'an, we are teaching it to our children and our children will teach it to theirs?'

The Messenger said, 'Woe to you! I thought you were one of the most learned men of Madinah.

Can't you see the Jews and Christians are not benefiting even though they have their scriptures (Torah and Injeel) right with them.'

Similarly, Hazrat Ibn Abbas explained the following ayat as such

"Some of them are illiterate ('Ummiyyun), knowing nothing of the Book but wishful thinking.

They only speculate." [Al-Baqara, 2:78].

The explainationby'Ibn Abbas and Qatadah of the word 'ummiyyoon' (illiterate) as meaning,

"They do not understand the meaning of the book. They learn it, they memorize it, and they recite it without understanding it. The meaning of 'illiterate' in this verse does not mean that they cannot read or write. They read it, memorize it and teach it yet they don't understand what the book is talking about. They are saticfied by only reciting it.

Abu Darda (ra) said,

"Whenever the time comes when you will decorate your mosques and your mushafs, that is the time when you will be destroyed because that is an indication you are favouring symbols over substance."

"Groups of people will emerge from my Ummah who will drink the Qur'an as they drink milk." (Tabarani)

In commenting on this hadith, Al-Munawi says in his Fayd al-Qadir: "…

That is, they will raise their voices with their tongues without contemplating and reflecting on its meanings and pondering over its rulings; instead it (i.e. the Qur'an) passes over their tongues as milk which they drink passes over them quickly."

The fact is that Qur'an is our guide, our ideology, our remedy, our inspiration and our intercessor on the Day of Judgement, but we have ignored it for centuries

. Our situation is discribed by Allah in Quran,

Will they not then ponder the Qur'an or are there locks upon their hearts?"

SURA Muhammad, ayat 24

"And indeed, We have made the Qur'an easy to understand and remember; Then is there any that will remember (or receive admonition)?"

Sura #54 Al-Qamar, ayat-40

OPINIONS ABOUT TIME WE SHOULD TAKE TO RECITE/STUDY QURAN.

These relate to Arabs whose mother tongue is Arabic

Hadith; who finished Quran in less than three days, he did not understand a word of it.

Imam Abu Hanifa;.

Who read two full Quran in one year, he did his duty.

( One Quran in six months, that amounts to about three raku per day)

Imam Ghizali;

Don't fool yourself by rejoicing on counting how many Quran have you recited. Pondering over one ayat the whole night is better than reciting two full Quran in one night.

THEN WHAT SHOULD WE DO? Give yourself a reason or Purpose for studying Quran and ask yourself, "Why am I 1.

reading this text?" Is it only for sawab/reward per letter, or understanding the message with a

purpose to adopt your life according to it, or show off your knowledge etc.

We must decide consciously that pondering over meaning of Ayat brings more sawab 2.

than merely reciting it.

Intentions determine the amount of sawab, not the quantity. 3.

Whenever we are reciting the Qur'an, we should not get fixed on quantity of but we 4. should aim to read less but focus on thinking about what we are reciting and how to absorb the lessons learnt in our individual and social life .

The more we read the more opportunity we have to ponder over the words of Allah. And 5. get closer to him by living by the Qur'an and applying its rulings in our lives.

We must decide to first read Arabic text and then read meanings and then think what 6. does Allah wants to convey.

Study it as a student, have pen and notebook by your side, make notes, ask questions, 7. find answers. Donot be satisfied till you have learnt.

Hadith; a good question is half the knowledge. (kanzul ummal)

Imam Ibn Qayyam;

Key to acquiring knowledge is asking questions

After reading three or four verses stop and ask yourself whether or not you understand the meanings of the ayat. Ask yourself as many questions as you can think of and prepare to answer them

Ask guidance from Allah, and it will come. 8.

Once the Message is understood, then decide how to act on it and change our habit 9. patterns accordingly. Renaissance of Islam starts with Renaissance of each Muslim individual. Set it as the goal for

studying Quran, as per this hadith

Allah's Messenger said, "He whom death overtakes while he is engaged in acquiring 10. knowledge with a view to reviving Islam with the help of it, there will be one degree between him and the Prophets in Paradise."

[At-Tirmidhi Hadith 249. Narrated by Al-Hasan al-Basri by Darimi] 11.

Allah,swt, made me realize that if children and their parents study Allah' messages given 12. in the holy Quran, directly through translation in English, Urdu or in their mother tongues, on regular basis, and maintain regular contact with God, they will certainly be able to ward off evil thoughts, because one of the tricks of Satan, described in Quran, is that he makes people forget their relation with God. Through daily reading the translation, after reciting the Arabic text, will they be remain under the protection of Allah every day.

My feedback tells me that this appears to be a workable idea, but certainly needs to be improved further by the religious leaders or scholars. My job and duty is to share the IDEA. All parents can also contribute to expand the basic idea themselves.

I am thankful to Allah, Subhana hu wa ta'ala, for giving me the idea and strength to complete it as well.

Wa Ma taufiqiIllaBillah

IMTIAZ ALI

Rawalpindi, 5-December,2010

Updated, 25 June,2015-

8 Ramadhan,1436AH

Update 13 July 2018

Dr Musharraf Hussain of Nottingham Uk has written a new translation with headings like I have

done, and has gotten it approved from AL azhar Egypt and was inaugurated on 2 May 2018.

This proved my idea is from Allah and is a practical and desireable method.

Alhamdolillah Rabbil Alameen for this blessing for giving me the idea.

http://www.bbc.co.uk/thepassion/articles/jesus_the_jew.shtml By Ed Kessler

One of the certain facts about Jesus was that he was a Jew. He was a child of Jewish parents,

brought up in a Jewish home and reared among Jewish traditions. Throughout his life, Jesus

lived among Jews and his followers were Jews.

No other Jew in history has rivalled Jesus in the magnitude of his influence. The words and

deeds of Jesus the Jew have been, and are, an inspiration to countless millions of men and

women. Strange, is it not, that Jews have given little attention to the life and teaching of this

outstanding Jew? Yet, this is true because the Christian followers of Jesus came to cherish

beliefs about his life that no Jew could hold.

When the Church persecuted Jews in an effort to convert them, Jewish indifference to Jesus

turned to hostility. It is a sad fact of history that the followers of this great Jew have brought much suffering upon the Jewish people, so that for centuries it was very hard for any Jew even

to think of Jesus without difficulty. Up until recently, most Jews have chosen not to think of

him at all.

Now we are witnessing a significant change and although Jewish indifference to Jesus has not

by any means disappeared, the signs are encouraging.

Jesus and his family would have been observant of Torah, paid tithes, kept the Sabbath, circumcised their males, attended synagogue, observed purity laws in relation to childbirth and

menstruation, kept the dietary code - one could go on. While the Gospels record disputes

about Jesus' interpretation of a few of these, the notion of a Christian Jesus, who did not live

by Torah or only by its ethical values, does not fit historical reality.

There is no official Jewish view of Jesus but in one respect Jews are agreed in their attitude

towards Jesus. Jews reject the tremendous claim, which is made for Jesus by his Christian followers - that Jesus is the Lord Christ, God Incarnate, the very Son of God the Father. On that belief, Jews and Christians must continue to respectfully differ. Jews believe that all share the divine spirit and are stamped with the divine image and no person - not even the greatest of all

people - can possess the perfection of God. No one can be God's equal.

Jesus lived his life not as a Christian but as a Jew, obedient (with very few exceptions) to

Torah. Yet within a few years after his death, the Jewish followers of Jesus espoused a rather

different kind of religion from that followed by most Jews.

Judaism, like Islam after it, is strongly rooted in religious law; Christianity ceased to be so.

Judaism, also like Islam, has a strong belief in the unity of God; Christianity came to place such great store in Jesus and subsequently in the doctrine of the Trinity that it has seemed to many other monotheists to be, in essence, a refined form of polytheism. Gradually, Christian religion came to look less like an authentic, even if eccentric, form of Judaism, and more like a

completely different religion.

During the Second Temple period, there were many internal arguments about what it meant to be Jewish. Did religious law permit one to acquiesce in Roman occupation, or to fight it? How

did the law reconcile justice and mercy? These must have been common debates, which one

can see mirrored in the gospels' accounts of Jesus' disputes with contemporary religious

leaders.

We cannot be certain of Jesus' views, for the gospels are a highly interpretative genre of literature, coloured by their contributors' and editors' reflections on events that had happened

40 and more years before, in the light of the momentous events that had occurred in the intervening years. Even so, his attitude towards dietary laws recorded in Mark's gospel shows

little interest in the minutiae of what they require that Jews eat and drink. This unusual

interpretation eventually became common for Christians: certainly the food laws gradually

became a thing of the past, as accounts in Acts and the Pauline letters illustrate. Moreover,

although Jesus' message of the kingdom of God was clearly within mainstream Jewish

tradition, the Christological references about him and his meaning are less so.

The belief that Jesus was God is an impossibility for Jewish thought. But not so the belief that

Jesus claimed to be the Messiah. Several Jews have in the course of 2000 years, claimed to be the Messiah - sent by God to inaugurate God's kingdom on earth. Simon Bar Kochba in 132 CE

and Shabbetai Zvi in 1665 CE are two examples among many. But the association of Messiah

with terms like Son of Man and Son of God, which developed a profusion of meanings, soon led to exalted claims for Jesus that few Jews felt able to follow. Even within the New Testament

this is so; by the time of the full-blown Trinitarianism of the 4th century creeds this gap was

unbridgeably wide.

Jesus was put to death by the Romans on the charge that he claimed to be the Messiah. Jesus made it clear to Peter that he regarded himself as the Messiah (Mark 8:29) as he did to the High

Priest (Mark 14:62). Some Jews accepted Jesus as Messiah, believing that he would redeem

them from the bitter yoke of Rome and bring the messianic age. When Jesus rode into

Jerusalem he was acclaimed, "blessed is the Kingdom that comes, the kingdom of our father

David" (Mark 11:10). Other Jews rejected the claim.

The charge against Jesus on the cross and his mockery as 'King of the Jews', his execution

between two villains, the appearance of the royal messianic motifs - these all suggest that Pilate faced a man charged with sedition. Jesus was not crucified because he denied his

Jewishness, abandoned the Scriptures, or disowned his people. He remained a Jew, Jesus of

Nazareth, the Jew from Galilee and was executed for political rather than religious reasons.

To claim to be the Messiah, if it was an offence against Judaism at all, was certainly not (as the

Gospels contend) an offence against Jewish law for which Jesus could have been put to death.

The Gospels say that Jesus' claim to be the Messiah was blasphemy, but in Jewish law,

blasphemy was to curse God using God's sacred name. Jesus did nothing of the sort. For

Jews, history has shown that Jesus was not the long-awaited Messiah, for Jews were not delivered from the yoke of Roman bondage and the Golden Age did not come. However, some

Jews have suggested that Jesus was following in the footsteps of the biblical prophets (cf.

Mark 6:15, Matt 21:11).

"What commandment is the first of all?" he was asked. Jesus answered as any Jew: "the first is: Hear O Israel the Lord our God, the Lord is One. And you shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, with all your soul and with all your might. The second is this: You shall love your

neighbour as yourself. There is no other commandment greater than these." (Mark 12:28-31).

Every Jew will recognise in Jesus' answer the Shema, a Jewish declaration of faith, which is

recited at every Jewish service, day and night. The famous command of Lev. 19:18 is also a

fundamental precept of Judaism.

It was in his attitude towards the Torah that Jesus seems to have departed from the Judaism of

his time. In their teaching, the rabbis would state, "thus says the Torah." Jesus showed

independence by standing above the Torah and speaking as one "having authority". (Mark

1:22) He dared to base his teachings on "I say to you" and it was this daring which brought him

into conflict with contemporary Judaism.

It is highly improbable that Jesus told his followers to ignore the Torah; rather, he emphasized

that "the kingdom of God is within you" (Luke 17:21) i.e., follow the deepest instinct for truth

and love in your heart for therein, not through Torah, lies salvation. This was a courageous message; one which made some Jews unbounded in their devotion to him and others to regard

him as a heretic.

Geza Vermes and Ed Sanders are two scholars who in recent years have drawn wide attention among Christians to Jesus' Jewish origins, though Christians earlier in the 20th century (R. T.

Herford, George Foot Moore) had also explored this trend, which has now become widespread

and crucial within Jesus studies. At least until the 1970s, it was common for New Testament

scholars to portray Jesus as a kind of prototype exponent of idealism. Many betrayed an instinctive antisemitism. They depicted Judaism at the time of Jesus as 'late Judaism'

(Spätjudentum), as if Jewish religion had ended with the destruction of the Temple in 70 CE, or

should have. This position was based on the conviction that post-exilic Judaism had ossified

and betrayed the prophetic faith of Israel. It contends that Jesus stands outside such a

hardened, legalistic religion, a stranger to it, condemning the scribes and the Pharisees who

were the fathers of Rabbinic Judaism and who have thus misled modern Judaism into

perpetuating this sterile, legalistic religion.

Jesus was a Jew, not an alien intruder in 1st-century Palestine. Whatever else he was, he was

a reformer of Jewish beliefs, not an indiscriminate faultfinder of them. For Jews, the

significance of Jesus must be in his life rather than his death, a life of faith in God. For Jews,

not Jesus but God alone is Lord. Yet an increasing number of Jews are proud that Jesus was

born, lived and died a Jew.

BBC R&E - Judaism "

BBC R&E - Jesus through Jewish eyes "

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Who Killed Jesus?

ANCIENT/MEDIEVAL JEWISH HISTORY

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Jesus is the central figure of Christianity, believed by Christians to be the messiah, the son of

God and the second person in the Trinity.

But what do Jews believe about Jesus?

For some Jews, the name alone is nearly synonymous with pogroms and Crusades, "

charges of deicide and centuries of Christian anti-Semitism.

Other Jews, recently, have come to regard him as a Jewish teacher. This does not mean, "

however, that they believe, as Christians do, that he was raised from the dead or was the

messiah.

While many people now regard Jesus as the founder of Christianity, it is important to note that he did not intend to establish a new religion, at least according to the earliest sources, and he

never used the term "Christian." He was born and lived as a Jew, and his earliest followers

were Jews as well. Christianity emerged as a separate religion only in the centuries after

Jesus' death.

Who Was Jesus?

Virtually all of what is known about the historical Jesus comes from the four New Testament

Gospels - Matthew, Mark, Luke and John - which scholars believe were written several decades

after Jesus' death.

While there is no archaeological or other physical evidence for his existence, most scholars

agree that Jesus did exist and that he was born sometime in the decade before the Common

Era and crucified sometime between 26-36 CE (the years when the Roman governor, Pontius

Pilate, ruled Judea).

He lived at a time when the Roman Empire ruled what is now Israel and sectarianism was rife,

with major tensions among Jews not only over how much to cooperate with the Romans but also how to interpret Torah . It was also, for some, a restive time when displeasure with Roman

policies, as well as with the Temple high priests, bred hopes for a messianic redeemer who

would throw off the foreign occupiers and restore Jewish sovereignty in the Land of Israel.

Illustration depicting Jesus fishing in the Sea of Galilee with some of his followers. (From "At

Home' by Grace Stebbing, published by John F Shaw & Co)

Was Jesus the Messiah?

The question "was Jesus the messiah?" requires a prior question: "What is the definition of

messiah?" The Prophets (Nevi'im), who wrote hundreds of years before Jesus' birth,

envisioned a messianic age as as a period of universal peace, in which war and hunger are

eradicated, and humanity accepts God's sovereignty. By the first century, the view developed that the messianic age would witness a general resurrection of the dead, the in-gathering of all

the Jews, including the 10 lost tribes, to the land of Israel, a final judgment and universal

peace.

Some Jews expected the messiah to be a descendant of King David (based on an interpretation of God's promise to David in 2 Samuel 7 of an eternal kingdom). The Dead Sea Scrolls speak of

two messiahs: one a military leader and the other a priest. Still other Jews expected the

prophet Elijah, or the angel Michael, or Enoch, or any number of other figures to usher in the

messianic age.

Stories in the Gospels about Jesus healing the sick, raising the dead, and proclaiming the imminence of the kingdom of heaven suggest that his followers regarded him as appointed by

God to bring about the messianic age.

More than 1,000 years after Jesus' crucifixion, the medieval sage Maimonides (also known as

Rambam) laid out in his Mishneh Torah specific things Jews believe the messiah must

accomplish in order to confirm his identity - among them restoring the kingdom of David to its

former glory, achieving victory in battle against Israel's enemies, rebuilding the temple (which

the Romans destroyed in 70 CE) and ingathering the exiles to the land of Israel. "And if he's not successful with this, or if he is killed, it's known that he is not the one that was promised by the

Torah," Maimonides wrote.

What About Jews for Jesus?

Jews for Jesus is one branch of a wider movement called Messianic Jews. Members of this

movement are not accepted as Jewish by the broader Jewish community, even though some

adherents may have been born Jewish and their ritual life includes Jewish practices. While an

individual Jew could accept Jesus as the messiah and technically remain Jewish - rejection of

any core Jewish belief or practice does not negate one's Jewishness - the beliefs of messianic

Jews are theologically incompatible with Judaism.

Did the Jews Kill Jesus?

No. Jesus was executed by the Romans. Crucifixion was a Roman form of execution, not a

Jewish one.

For most of Christian history, Jews were held responsible for the death of Jesus. This is

because the New Testament tends to place the blame specifically on the Temple leadership

and more generally on Jewish people. According to the Gospels, the Roman governor Pontius

Pilate was reluctant to execute Jesus but was egged on by bloodthirsty Jews - a scene

famously captured in Mel Gibson's controversial 2004 film "The Passion of the Christ."

According to the Gospel of Matthew, after Pilate washes his hands and declares himself

innocent of Jesus' death, "all the people" (i.e., all the Jews in Jerusalem) respond, "His blood

be on us and on our children" (Matthew 27:25).

This "blood cry" and other verses were used to justify centuries of Christian prejudice against

Jews. In 1965, the Vatican promulgated a document called "Nostra Aetate" (Latin for "In Our

Time") which stated that Jews in general should not be held responsible for the death of Jesus.

This text paved the way for a historic rapprochement between Jews and Catholics. Several

Protestant denominations across the globe subsequently adopted similar statements.

A mosaic in Jerusalem's Evangelical Lutheran Church of Ascension depicting Jesus' crucifixion. (iStock)

Why Was Jesus Killed?

Some have suggested that Jesus was a political rebel who sought the restoration of Jewish sovereignty and was executed by the Romans for sedition - an argument put forth in two recent works: Reza Aslan's Zealot and Shmuley Boteach's Kosher Jesus. However, this thesis is not

widely accepted by New Testament scholars. Had Rome regarded Jesus as the leader of a

band of revolutionaries, it would have rounded up his followers as well. Nor is there any evidence in the New Testament to suggest that Jesus and his followers were zealots interested

in an armed rebellion against Rome. More likely is the hypothesis that Romans viewed Jesus

as a threat to the peace and killed him because he was gaining adherents who saw him as a

messianic figure.

Did Jesus Reject Judaism?

Some have interpreted certain verses in the Gospels as rejections of Jewish belief and

practice. In the Gospel of Mark, for example, Jesus is said to have declared forbidden foods

"clean" - a verse commonly understood as a rejection of kosher dietary laws - but this is Mark's

extrapolation and not necessarily Jesus' intention. Jesus and his earliest Jewish followers

continued to follow Jewish law.

The New Testament also include numerous verses testifying to Jesus as equal to God and as divine - a belief hard to reconcile with Judaism's insistence on God's oneness. However, some

Jews at the time found the idea that the divine could take on human form compatible with their tradition. Others might have regarded Jesus as an angel, such as the "Angel of the Lord" who

appears in Genesis 16, Genesis 22, Exodus 3 (in the burning bush) and elsewhere.

Are There Jewish Texts that Reference Jesus?

Yes. The first-century Jewish historian Josephus mentions Jesus, although the major

reference in his Antiquities of the Jews appears to have been edited and augmented by

Christian scribes. There are a few references in the Talmud to "Yeshu," which many authorities

understand as referring to Jesus.

The Talmud tractate Sanhedrin originally recorded that Yeshu the Nazarene was hung on the

eve of Passover for the crime of leading Jews astray. This reference was excised from later

versions of the Talmud, most likely because of its use by Christians as a pretext for

persecution.

In the medieval period, a work called Toledot Yeshu presented an alternative history of Jesus

that rejects cardinal Christian beliefs. The work, which is not part of the canon of rabbinic literature, is not widely known.

Maimonides, in his Mishneh Torah, describes Jesus as the failed messiah foreseen by the

prophet Daniel. Rather than redeeming Israel, Maimonides writes, Jesus caused Jews to be

killed and exiled, changed the Torah and led the world to worship a false God.

Special thanks to Amy-Jill Levine, University Professor of New Testament and Jewish Studies

at Vanderbilt Divinity School and College of Arts and Sciences, for her assistance with this

article.

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ANCIENT/MEDIEVAL JEWISH HISTORY

Who Killed Jesus?

From the Gospels to Nostra Aetate, how Jews were accused of deicide.

BY MARTIN I. LOCKSHIN

Who Killed the JESUS

https://www.myjewishlearning.com/article/who-killed-jesus/

In 1965, as part of the Vatican II council, the Catholic Church published a long-anticipated

declaration entitled Nostra Aetate, offering a new approach to the question of Jewish

responsibility for the crucifixion of Jesus. The document argued that modern-day Jews could

not be held accountable for Jesus' crucifixion and that not all Jews alive at the time of the

crucifixion were guilty of the crime. This was a remarkable step forward in the history of

Christian attitudes toward Jews, as Jewish blame for Jesus' death has long been a linchpin of

Christian anti-Semitism.

Nevertheless, many Jews were disappointed. They had hoped that the Church might say that

the Jews had in fact played no role in Jesus' death.

Jews Lacked A Motive for Killing Jesus

Indeed, according to most historians, it would be more logical to blame the Romans for Jesus'

death. Crucifixion was a customary punishment among Romans, not Jews. At the time of

Jesus' death, the Romans were imposing a harsh and brutal occupation on the Land of Israel, and the Jews were occasionally unruly. The Romans would have had reason to want to silence

Jesus, who had been called by some of his followers "King of the Jews," and was known as a

Jewish upstart miracle worker.

Jews, on the other hand, lacked a motive for killing Jesus. The different factions of the Jewish community at the time - Pharisees, Sadducees, Essenes, and others - had many disagreements with one another, but that did not lead any of the groups to arrange the execution of the other

allegedly heretical groups' leaders. It is therefore unlikely they would have targeted Jesus.

READ: The Land of Israel Under Roman Rule

But the belief that Jews killed Jesus has been found in Christian foundational literature from

the earliest days of the Jesus movement, and would not be easily abandoned just because of

historians' arguments.

The New Testament Account

This 1896 cartoon plays on the myth that Jews killed Jesus, in this case substituting Uncle

Sam for Jesus. (Wikimedia Commons)

In the letters of Paul, which are regarded by historians to be the oldest works of the New

Testament (written 10 to 20 years after Jesus' death), Paul mentions, almost in passing, "the

Jews who killed the Lord, Jesus" (I Thessalonians 2:14-15). While probably not central to

Paul's understanding of Jesus' life and death, the idea that the Jews bear primary

responsibility for the death of Jesus figures more prominently in the four gospels, Matthew,

Mark, Luke, and John, which have slightly different accounts of Jesus' life.

Matthew, the best-known gospel, describes the unfair trial of Jesus arranged and presided over by the Jewish high priest who scours the land to find anybody who would testify against Jesus.

Eventually, the high priest concludes that Jesus is guilty of blasphemy and asks the Jewish council what the penalty should be. "They answered, 'He deserves death.' Then they spat in his

face and struck him" (Matthew 26:57-68). Matthew's description of Jesus' suffering and death

on the cross (referred to by Christians as Jesus' "passion") has becomes the basis for many

books, plays, and musical compositions over the years, and is prominent in Christian liturgy,

particularly for Easter.

All four gospels suggest either implicitly or explicitly that because the Jews were not allowed

to punish other Jews who were guilty of blasphemy, they had to prevail on the reluctant

Romans to kill Jesus. Pontius Pilate, the Roman governor of Judea, is described as basically

sympathetic to Jesus but unable to withstand the pressure from the Jews who demanded

Jesus' execution. This idea is expressed most clearly in the gospel of John: "Pilate said, 'Take

him yourselves and judge him according to your own law.' The Jews replied, 'We are not

permitted to put anyone to death'" (18:31).

In the most controversial verse in all the passion narratives, the assembled members of the

Jewish community tell Pilate, "His blood be on us and on our children" (Matthew 27:25). This is

the source for the Christian belief that later generations of Jews are also guilty of deicide, the crime of killing God.

Church Fathers and Thereafter

An 1845 etching depicting King Herod and Pontius Pilate shaking hands. (F.A. Ludy via

Wellcome Images/Wikimedia Commons)

In the writings of the Church Fathers, the authoritative Christian theologians after the New

Testament period, this accusation appears with even more clarity and force. One of the Church

Fathers, Justin Martyr (middle of the second century), explains to his Jewish interlocutor why the Jews have suffered exile and the destruction of their Temple: these "tribulations were justly

imposed on you since you have murdered the Just One" (Dialogue with Trypho, chapter 16).

READ: Jewish-Christian Relations in the Early Centuries

Throughout classical and medieval times this theme is found in Christian literature and drama.

For example, in a 12th-century religious drama, entitled "The Mystery of Adam," the biblical

King Solomon addresses the Jews, prophesying that they will eventually kill the son of God.

Here is a rhyming English translation from the original Norman French and Latin:

This saying shall be verified

When God's own Son for us hath died

The masters of the law [i.e. the Pharisees or rabbis] 'twill be

That slay him most unlawfully;

Against all justice, all belief,

They'll crucify Him, like a thief.

But they will lose their lordly seat,

Who envy him, and all entreat.

Low down they'll come from a great height,

Well may they mourn their mournful plight.

(Translation from Frank Talmage's Disputation and Dialogue)

Even into modern times, passion plays - large outdoor theatrical productions that portray the

end of Jesus' life, often with a cast of hundreds - have continued to perpetuate this idea.

In the Talmud

Interestingly, the idea that the Jews killed Jesus is also found in Jewish religious literature. In tractate Sanhedrin of the Babylonian Talmud, on folio 43a, a beraita (a teaching from before the year 200 C.E.) asserts that Jesus was put to death by a Jewish court for the crimes of sorcery

and sedition. (In standard texts of the Talmud from Eastern Europe - or in American texts that simply copied from them - there is a blank space towards the bottom of that folio, because the potentially offensive text was removed. The censorship may have been internal - for self-protection - or it may have been imposed on the Jews by the Christian authorities. In many new editions of the Talmud this passage has been restored.) The Talmud's claim there that the

event took place on the eve of Passover is consistent with the chronology in the gospel of

John. In the talmudic account, the Romans played no role in his death.

In Jewish folk literature, such as the popular scurrilous Jewish biography of Jesus, Toledot

Yeshu (which may be as old as the fourth century), responsibility for the death of Jesus is also

assigned to the Jews. It is likely that until at least the 19th century, Jews in Christian Europe

believed that their ancestors had killed Jesus.

From the first to the 19th centuries, the level of tension between Jews and Christians was such that both groups found the claim that the Jews killed Jesus to be believable. Thankfully, in our

world it is heard less frequently. But we should not be surprised if it persists among people

who take the stories of the New Testament (or of the Talmud) as reliable historical sources.

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Judaism's view of Jesus

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Among followers of Judaism, Jesus is viewed as having been the most influential, and

consequently, the most damaging of all false messiahs.[1] However, since the traditional

Jewish belief is that the messiah has not yet come and the Messianic Age is not yet present,

the total rejection of Jesus as either messiah or deity has never been a central issue for

Judaism.

Judaism has never accepted any of the claimed fulfillments of prophecy that Christianity

attributes to Jesus. Judaism also forbids the worship of a person as a form of idolatry, since

the central belief of Judaism is the absolute unity and singularity of God.[2][3] Jewish

eschatology holds that the coming of the Messiah will be associated with a specific series of

events that have not yet occurred, including the return of Jews to their homeland and the

rebuilding of The Temple, a Messianic Age of peace[4] and understanding during which "the

knowledge of God" fills the earth."[5] And since Jews believe that none of these events

occurred during the lifetime of Jesus (nor have they occurred afterwards), he was not the

Messiah.

Traditional views of Jesus have been mostly negative (see: Toledot Yeshu), an account that portrays Jesus as an impostor, although in the Middle Ages Judah Halevi and Maimonides

viewed Jesus as an important preparatory figure for a future universal ethical monotheism of

the Messianic Age. Some modern Jewish thinkers have sympathetically speculated that the historical Jesus may have been closer to Judaism than either the Gospels or traditional Jewish accounts would indicate, starting in the 18th century with the Orthodox Jacob Emden and the

reformer Moses Mendelssohn. This view is still espoused by some.

Contents

[hide]

1Background "

1.1Jewish theology o

1.1.1Oneness and indivisibility of God "

1.1.2God is not corporeal "

2Jesus as the Jewish Messiah "

2.1Prophecy and Jesus o

2.2Jesus and salvation o

3Jesus in the rabbinical literature "

3.1The Talmud o

3.2Toledot Yeshu o

4Maimonides "

4.1Epistle to Yemen o

5Positive historical reevaluations "

6See also "

7Notes and references "

8External links "

Background[edit]

Main article: Christianity and Judaism

Woodcut carved by Johann von Armssheim (1483). Portrays a disputation between Christian

and Jewish scholars

The belief that Jesus is God, the Son of God, or a person of the Trinity, is incompatible with

Jewish theology. Jews believe Jesus of Nazareth did not fulfill messianic prophecies that

establish the criteria for the coming of the messiah.[6] Judaism rejects Jesus as God, Divine

Being, intermediary between humans and God, messiah or holy. Belief in the Trinity is also held to be incompatible with Judaism, as are a number of other tenets of Christianity.

Jewish theology[edit]

Oneness and indivisibility of God[edit]

See also: God in Judaism, Shema Yisrael, and Shituf

In Judaism, the idea of God as a duality or trinity is heretical - it is even considered by some

polytheistic.[7] According to Judaic beliefs, the Torah rules out a trinitarian God in

Deuteronomy (6:4): "Hear Israel, the Lord is our God, the Lord is one."

Judaism teaches that it is heretical for any man to claim to be God, part of God, or the literal

son of God. The Jerusalem Talmud (Ta'anit 2:1) states explicitly: "if a man claims to be God, he

is a liar."

In his book A History of the Jews, Paul Johnson describes the schism between Jews and

Christians caused by a divergence from this principle:

To the question, Was Jesus God or man?, the Christians therefore answered: both. After 70

AD, their answer was unanimous and increasingly emphatic. This made a complete breach with

Judaism inevitable.[8]

In the 12th century, the preeminent Jewish scholar Maimonides codified core principles of

Modern Judaism, writing "[God], the Cause of all, is one. This does not mean one as in one of a

pair, nor one like a species (which encompasses many individuals), nor one as in an object

that is made up of many elements, nor as a single simple object that is infinitely divisible.

Rather, God is a unity unlike any other possible unity."[9]

Some Orthodox Jewish scholars note that the common poetic Jewish expression, "Our Father

in Heaven", was used literally by Jesus to refer to God as "his Father in Heaven" (cf. Lord's

Prayer).[10]

God is not corporeal[edit]

Maimonides' thirteen principles of faith includes the concept that God has no body and that

physical concepts do not apply to Him.[11][12] In the "Yigdal" prayer, found towards the

beginning of the Jewish prayer books used in synagogues around the world, it states "He has

no semblance of a body nor is He corporeal". It is a central tenet of Judaism that God does not

have any physical characteristics;[13] that God's essence cannot be fathomed.[14][15][16][17]

Jesus as the Jewish Messiah[edit]

Main articles: Messiah and Messiah in Judaism

Judaism's idea of the messiah differs substantially from the Christian idea of the Messiah. In

Orthodox Judaism, the messiah's task is to bring in the Messianic Age, a one-time event, and a presumed messiah who is killed before completing the task (i.e. compelling all of Israel to walk

in the way of Torah, repairing the breaches in observance, fighting the wars of God, building

the Temple in its place, gathering in the dispersed exiles of Israel) is not the messiah.

Maimonides states,

But if he did not succeed in all this or was killed, he is definitely not the Moshiach promised in

the Torah... and God only appointed him in order to test the masses.[18]

Jews believe that the messiah will fulfill the messianic prophecies of the prophets Isaiah and

Ezekiel.[19][20][21][22] According to Isaiah, the messiah will be a paternal descendant of King

David.[23] He is expected to return the Jews to their homeland and rebuild the Temple, reign as

King, and usher in an era of peace[4] and understanding where "the knowledge of God" fills the

earth,[5] leading the nations to "end up recognizing the wrongs they did Israel".[24] Ezekiel

states the messiah will redeem the Jews.[25]

The Jewish view of Jesus is influenced by the fact that Jesus lived while the Second Temple was standing, and not while the Jews were exiled. He never reigned as King, and there was no

subsequent era of peace or great knowledge. Jesus died without completing or even accomplishing part of any of the messianic tasks, instead promising a Second Coming. Rather

than being redeemed, the Jews were subsequently exiled from Israel, and the temple was

destroyed years later not rebuilt. These discrepancies were noted by Jewish scholars who were contemporaries of Jesus, as later pointed out by Nahmanides, who in 1263 observed that

Jesus was rejected as the messiah by the rabbis of his time.[26]

Moreover, Judaism sees Christian claims that Jesus is the textual messiah of the Hebrew Bible

as being based on mistranslations,[27][28] with the idea that Jesus did not fulfill any of the

Jewish Messiah qualifications.[29]

As for the synoptic Jesus' relationship with Jewish law, E.P. Sanders argues that "The

Synoptic Jesus lived as a law-abiding Jew" and that "What he wanted, what he said, and what he did, finally led to his execution, but to think of the conflict being determined by differences

over various points of the law is to misconceive it."[30]

Prophecy and Jesus[edit]

Main articles: Prophet and False prophet

According to the Torah (Deuteronomy 13:1-5 and 18:18-22), the criteria for a person to be

considered a prophet or speak for God in Judaism are that he must follow the God of Israel

(and no other god); he must not describe God differently from how he is known to be from

Scripture; he must not advocate change to God's word or state that God has changed his mind and wishes things that contradict his already-stated eternal word.[31] There is no concept of

the Messiah "fulfilling the law" to free the Israelites from their duty to maintain the mitzvot in

Judaism, as is understood in much of Christianity or Messianic Judaism.

There are two types of "false prophet" recognized in the Hebrew Bible: the one who claims to be a prophet in the name of idolatry, and the one who claims to be a prophet in the name of the

God of Israel, but declares that any word or commandment (mitzvah) which God has said no

longer applies, or makes false statements in the name of God.[32] As traditional Judaism believes that God's word is true eternally, one who claims to speak in God's name but diverges

in any way from what God himself has said, logically cannot be inspired by divine authority.

Deuteronomy 13:1 states simply, "Be careful to observe only that which I enjoin upon you;

neither add to it nor take away from it."[33][34][35]

Even if someone who appears to be a prophet can perform supernatural acts or signs, no

prophet or dreamer can contradict the laws already stated in the Bible.[36][37] Thus, any

divergence espoused by Jesus from the tenets of biblical Judaism would disqualify him from being considered a prophet in Judaism. This was the view adopted by Jesus' contemporaries, as according to rabbinical tradition as stated in the Talmud (Sotah 48b) "when Malachi died the

Prophecy departed from Israel." As Malachi lived centuries before Jesus it is clear that the

rabbis of Talmudic times did not view Jesus as a divinely inspired prophet. Furthermore, the

Bible itself includes an example of a prophet who could speak directly with God and could

work miracles but was "evil",[38] in the form of Balaam.

Jesus and salvation[edit]