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Canadian Food Inspection Agency Home > Plants > Plants with Novel Traits > Applicants > Directive 9408 > Biology Documents > Triticum Turgidum Ssp
Canadian Food Inspection Agency Home > Plants > Plants With Novel Traits > Applicants > Directive 9408 > Biology Documents > Triticum turgidum ssp. durum The Biology of Share this page Triticum turgidum ssp. durum (Durum Wheat) This page is part of the Guidance Document Repository (GDR). Looking for related documents? Search for related documents in the Guidance Document Repository Biology Document BIO200607: A companion document to Directive 9408 (Dir9408), Assessment Criteria for Determining Environmental Safety of Plant with Novel Traits Table of Contents Part A General Information A1. Background A2. Scope Part B The Biology of Triticum turgidum ssp. durum B1. General Description, Cultivation and Use as a Crop Plant B2. Brief Outlook at Breeding, Seed Production and Agronomic Practices for Durum Wheat B3. The Reproductive Biology of Triticum turgidum ssp. durum B4. The Centres of Origin of the Species B5. Cultivated Durum Wheat as a Volunteer Weed Part C The Close Relatives of Triticum turgidum ssp. durum C1. InterSpecies / Genus Hybridization C2. Potential for Introgression of Genes from Triticum turgidum ssp. durum into Relatives C3. Occurrence of Related Species of Triticum turgidum ssp. durum in Canada C4. Summary of the Ecology of Relatives of Triticum turgidum ssp. durum Part D Potential Interactions of Triticum turgidum ssp. durum with Other Life Forms During its Life Cycle Table 1. Examples of potential interactions of Triticum turgidum ssp. durum with other life forms during its life cycle in a natural environment Part E Bibliography Part A General Information A1. Background The Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) is responsible for regulating the field testing of crop plants with novel traits (PNTs) in Canada. -
Cis-Jasmone Induces Arabidopsis Genes That Affect the Chemical
cis-Jasmone induces Arabidopsis genes that affect SPECIAL FEATURE the chemical ecology of multitrophic interactions with aphids and their parasitoids Toby J. A. Bruce, Michaela C. Matthes, Keith Chamberlain, Christine M. Woodcock, Abdul Mohib, Ben Webster, Lesley E. Smart, Michael A. Birkett, John A. Pickett*, and Johnathan A. Napier Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom Edited by Jerrold Meinwald, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, and approved February 12, 2008 (received for review November 5, 2007) It is of adaptive value for a plant to prepare its defenses when a their defense systems accordingly, as suggested by Karban et threat is detected, and certain plant volatiles associated with insect al. (5). damage, such as cis-jasmone (CJ), are known to switch-on defense CJ is released naturally from insect-damaged plants. Cotton metabolism. We used aphid and aphid parasitoid responses to leaves damaged by Spodoptera exigua larvae emit CJ (14), and it Arabidopsis thaliana as a model system for studying gene expres- is systemically released from undamaged leaves (15). Cotton sion and defense chemistry and its impact at different trophic buds damaged by Helicoverpa zea larvae (16) emit CJ, and it is levels. Differential responses to volatiles of induced Arabidopsis also emitted from Nicotiana in response to oral secretions from occurred for specialist and generalist insects: the generalist aphid, Manduca sexta larvae (17) and by maize plants exposed to oral Myzus persicae, was repelled, whereas the specialist, Lipaphis secretions of Spodoptera littoralis (18). Recently, our understand- erysimi, was attracted; the generalist aphid parasitoid Aphidius ing of the biosynthetic pathway that leads to CJ has been ervi was attracted, but the specialist parasitoid Diaeretiella rapae improved (19) by elucidation of a novel pathway from 12-oxo- was not affected. -
Observações Sobre a Ocorrência De Mosca-Negra- Dos-Citros, Aleurocanthus Woglumi Ashby, 1915 (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Aleyrodidae) No Estado Do Amazonas
Observações sobre a ocorrência de Mosca-Negra- dos-Citros, Aleurocanthus woglumi Ashby, 1915 (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Aleyrodidae) no estado do Amazonas Beatriz RONCHI-TELES1, Marcia Reis PENA2, Neliton Marques SILVA3 RESUMO A mosca-negra-dos-citros (Aleurocanthus woglumi Ashby) é uma importante praga dos citros de origem asiática. Foi detectada no Brasil pela primeira vez em Belém-PA em 2001. Este trabalho tem como objetivo registrar a ocorrência de mosca-negra-dos- citros no estado do Amazonas, sua distribuição geográfica e estudos de biologia em condições de laboratório. A mosca-negra encontra-se atualmente disseminada em mais da metade dos municípios paraenses. No Amazonas foi detectada em junho de 2004 em Manaus e atualmente encontra-se disseminada em toda a área urbana deste município, ocorrendo também em Itacoatiara, Rio Preto da Eva e Iranduba. Em observações feitas em condições de laboratório em Manaus-AM, foi verificado que o ciclo de ovo-adulto foi de 71,76±2,07 dias, caracterizando como uma espécie multivoltina. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Amazônia, Praga dos citros, Distribuição, Aleirodídeo. Observation on the occurrence of the citrus blackfly Aleurocanthus woglumi Ashby, 1915 (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Aleyrodidae) in the Amazonas state ABSTRACT The citrus blackflyAleurocanthus woglumi Ashby, pest of citrus in Asian is considered important pest. It was detected for the first time in Belém, PA in 2001. The objective of this work was to report occurrence of the citrus blackfly in Amazon state. Nowadays is found in the majority of the oriental amazon counties. In Manaus, Amazonas was detected in June 2004, actually disseminated in the urban area and in Itacoatiara, Rio Preto da Eva and Iranduba counties. -
Do New Access and Benefit Sharing Procedures Under the Convention on Biological Diversity Threaten the Future of Biological Cont
BioControl DOI 10.1007/s10526-009-9234-9 FORUM PAPER Do new Access and Benefit Sharing procedures under the Convention on Biological Diversity threaten the future of biological control? Matthew J. W. Cock • Joop C. van Lenteren • Jacques Brodeur • Barbara I. P. Barratt • Franz Bigler • Karel Bolckmans • Fernando L. Coˆnsoli • Fabian Haas • Peter G. Mason • Jose´ Roberto P. Parra Received: 25 August 2009 / Accepted: 28 September 2009 Ó International Organization for Biological Control (IOBC) 2009 Abstract Under the Convention on Biological benefits arising from their use need to be established Diversity (CBD) countries have sovereign rights over between involved parties [i.e. Access and Benefit their genetic resources. Agreements governing the Sharing (ABS)]. This also applies to species collected access to these resources and the sharing of the for potential use in biological control. Recent appli- cations of CBD principles have already made it difficult or impossible to collect and export natural Handling Editor: Eric Wajnberg. enemies for biological control research in several countries. If such an approach is widely applied it Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s10526-009-9234-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. M. J. W. Cock (&) K. Bolckmans CABI Europe-Switzerland, Rue des Grillons 1, Koppert B.V., Veilingweg 14, Postbus 155, 2800 Dele´mont, Switzerland 2650 AD Berkel en Rodenrijs, The Netherlands e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] J. C. van Lenteren F. L. Coˆnsoli Á J. R. P. Parra Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, Departamento de Entomologia e Acarologia, P.O. -
Iranian Aphelinidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) © 2013 Akinik Publications Received: 28-06-2013 Shaaban Abd-Rabou*, Hassan Ghahari, Svetlana N
Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2013;1 (4): 116-140 ISSN 2320-7078 Iranian Aphelinidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) JEZS 2013;1 (4): 116-140 © 2013 AkiNik Publications Received: 28-06-2013 Shaaban Abd-Rabou*, Hassan Ghahari, Svetlana N. Myartseva & Enrique Ruíz- Cancino Accepted: 23-07-2013 ABSTRACT Aphelinidae is one of the most important families in biological control of insect pests at a worldwide level. The following catalogue of the Iranian fauna of Aphelinidae includes a list of all genera and species recorded for the country, their distribution in and outside Iran, and known hosts in Iran. In total 138 species from 11 genera (Ablerus, Aphelinus, Aphytis, Coccobius, Coccophagoides, Coccophagus, Encarsia, Eretmocerus, Marietta, Myiocnema, Pteroptrix) are listed as the fauna of Iran. Aphelinus semiflavus Howard, 1908 and Coccophagoides similis (Masi, 1908) are new records for Iran. Key words: Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Aphelinidae, Catalogue. Shaaban Abd-Rabou Plant Protection Research 1. Introduction Institute, Agricultural Research Aphelinid wasps (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Aphelinidae) are important in nature, Center, Dokki-Giza, Egypt. especially in the population regulation of hemipterans on many different plants.These [E-mail: [email protected]] parasitoid wasps are also relevant in the biological control of whiteflies, soft scales and aphids [44] Hassan Ghahari . Studies on this family have been done mainly in relation with pests of fruit crops as citrus Department of Plant Protection, and others. John S. Noyes has published an Interactive On-line Catalogue [78] which includes Shahre Rey Branch, Islamic Azad up-to-date published information on the taxonomy, distribution and hosts records for the University, Tehran, Iran. Chalcidoidea known throughout the world, including more than 1300 described species in 34 [E-mail: [email protected]] genera at world level. -
Global Transcriptome Analysis of Orange Wheat Blossom Midge, Sitodiplosis Mosellana
Global Transcriptome Analysis of Orange Wheat Blossom Midge, Sitodiplosis mosellana (Gehin) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) to Identify Candidate Transcripts Regulating Diapause Zhong-Jun Gong, Yu-Qing Wu*, Jin Miao, Yun Duan, Yue-Li Jiang, Tong Li Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Control of Henan Province, Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management of the Southern of North China, Ministry of Agriculture of the People’s Republic of China, Zhengzhou, China Abstract Background: Many insects enter a developmental arrest (diapause) that allows them to survive harsh seasonal conditions. Despite the well-established ecological significance of diapause, the molecular basis of this crucial adaptation remains largely unresolved. Sitodiplosis mosellana (Gehin), the orange wheat blossom midge (OWBM), causes serious damage to wheat throughout the northern hemisphere, and sporadic outbreaks occur in the world. Traits related to diapause appear to be important factors contributing to their rapid spread and outbreak. To better understand the diapause mechanisms of OWBM, we sequenced the transcriptome and determined the gene expression profile of this species. Methodology/Principal Findings: In this study, we performed de novo transcriptome analysis using short-read sequencing technology (Illumina) and gene expression analysis with a tag-based digital gene expression (DGE) system. The sequencing results generated 89,117 contigs, and 45,713 unigenes. These unigenes were annotated by Blastx alignment against the NCBI non-redundant (nr), Clusters of orthologous groups (COG), gene orthology (GO), and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) databases. 20,802 unigenes (45.5% of the total) matched with protein in the NCBI nr database. -
Distribution, Hosts and Biology of Diaeretiella Rapae (M'intosh
Pakistan J. Zool., vol. 44(5), pp. 1307-1315, 2012. Distribution, Hosts and Biology of Diaeretiella rapae (M’Intosh) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) in Punjab, Pakistan Imran Bodlah,* Muhammad Naeem and Ata Ul Mohsin Department of Entomology, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Abstract .- Diaeretiella rapae (M’Intosh) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Aphidiinae ) aphid parasitoid is reported from various districts of Punjab Province of Pakistan from a wide range of host aphids and plant associations, including some new evidences. Biological information centered development, life-stages and their micrographes, mating and oviposition, adult lon gevity and food have been discussed. Biology of the parasitoid reared on Myzus persicae aphids in the laboratory at 23±1°C have been discussed. The development cycle from larva to adult was completed in about 11.5 days at 21-23°C. The pre-mating period of males (n=10) varied between 20 and 40 minutes (mean: 28.8 min), however it was longer in females most of which rejected all copulatory attempts at least two hours after emergence . When newly emerged females were confined with males for a period of 12 h, all mated i.e., they produced progeny of both sexes. Copulation time (n = 10 pairs) was between 30 and 60 s (mean: 46.3 s). Oviposition time (n = 10 females) was between 46 and 64 s (mean: 52.6 s). Female lived longer (11.1± 0.16 days) than males (9.4 ± 0.18 days) when offered honey and water. The lifespan of adult females was shorter (10.2 ± 0.05 days) in the presence of host aphids and host plant leaves than only with honey and water. -
Functional Response of Habrobracon Hebetor Say (Hym.: Braconidae) to Mediterranean Flour Moth (Anagasta Kuehniella Zeller), in Response to Pesticides
JOURNAL OF PLANT PROTECTION RESEARCH Vol. 53, No. 4 (2013) DOI: 10.2478/jppr-2013-0059 FUNCTIONAL RESPONSE OF HABROBRACON HEBETOR SAY (HYM.: BRACONIDAE) TO MEDITERRANEAN FLOUR MOTH (ANAGASTA KUEHNIELLA ZELLER), IN RESPONSE TO PESTICIDES Vahid Mahdavi1*, Moosa Saber2 1 Young Researchers Club, Parsabad Moghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Parsabad, 56918-53356, Iran 2 Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, 55181-83111, Iran Received: April 1, 2013 Accepted: October 21, 2013 Abstract: The functional response is a behavioral phenomena defined as the relation between the parasitized host per each parasitoid and host density. This phenomenon can be useful in assessing parasitoid efficiency for the biological control of the host. Parasitoid wasps are most important insects and they play a significant role in the natural control of pests via their parasitism activities. In this study, the effects of diazinon and malathion were evaluated on the functional response of Habrobracon hebetor Say to different densi- ties of last instar larvae of Anagasta kuehniella Zeller. Young adult females (< 24 h old) of the parasitoid were exposed to LC30 values of pesticides. Host densities of 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, and 64 were offered, to treated young females for 24 h in 10 cm Petri dishes. At this point, the parasitism data were recorded. The experiments were conducted in eight replications. The functional response was type Ш in the control and insecticide treatments. Searching efficiency in the control, diazinon and malathion-treated wasps were 0.008±0.002, 0.003±0.002, and 0.004±0.002 h–1, handling times were 1.38±0.1, 7.95±0.91, and 6.4±0.81 h, respectively. -
EFFECT of STORAGE DURATION on the STORED PUPAE of PARASITOID Bracon Hebetor (Say) and ITS IMPACT on PARASITOID QUALITY M
ISSN 0258-7122 (Print), 2408-8293 (Online) Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 41(2): 297-310, June 2016 EFFECT OF STORAGE DURATION ON THE STORED PUPAE OF PARASITOID Bracon hebetor (Say) AND ITS IMPACT ON PARASITOID QUALITY M. S. ALAM1, M. Z. ALAM2, S. N. ALAM3 M. R. U. MIAH4 AND M. I. H. MIAN5 Abstract The ecto-endo larval parasitoid, Bracon hebetor (Say) is an important bio- control agent. Effective storage methods for B. hebetor are essential for raising its success as a commercial bio-control agent against lepidopteran pests. The study was undertaken to determine the effect of storage duration on the pupae of Bracon hebetor in terms of pupal survival, adult emergence, percent parasitism, female and male longevity, female fecundity and sex ratio. Three to four days old pupae were stored for 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 weeks at 4 ± 1oC. The ranges of time for adult emergence from stored pupae, production of total adult, survivability of pupae, parasitism of host larvae by the parasitoid, longevity of adult female and male and fecundity were 63.0 -7.5 days, 6.8-43.8/50 host larvae, 13.0-99.5%, 0.0 -97.5%, 0.00-20.75 days, 0.00-17.25 days and 0.00- 73.00/50 female, respectively. The time of adult emergence and mortality of pupae increased but total number of adult emergence, survivability of pupae, longevity of adult female and male decreased gradually with the progress of storage period of B. hebetor pupae. The prevalence of male was always higher than that of female. -
The Use and Exchange of Biological Control Agents for Food and Agriculture
BACKGROUND STUDY PAPER NO. 47 October 2009 E COMMISSION ON GENETIC RESOURCES FOR FOOD AND AGRICULTURE THE USE AND EXCHANGE OF BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AGENTS FOR FOOD AND AGRICULTURE by Matthew J.W. Cock, Joop C. van Lenteren, Jacques Brodeur, Barbara I.P.Barratt, Franz Bigler, Karel Bolckmans, Fernando L. Cônsoli, Fabian Haas, Peter G. Mason, José Roberto P. Parra 1 This document has been prepared at the request of the Secretariat of the Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture by the Global Commission on Biological Control and Access and Benefit-Sharing of the International Organisation for Biological Control of Noxious Animals and Plants (IOBC), as a contribution to the cross-sectoral theme, Consideration of policies and arrangements for access and benefit-sharing for genetic resources for food and agriculture , which the Commission will consider at its Twelfth Regular Session. The content of this document is entirely the responsibility of the authors, and does not necessarily represent the views of the FAO, or its Members. 1 For affiliation of the authors see Annex 2. BACKGROUND STUDY PAPER NO. 47 i TABLE OF CONTENTS ABOUT THIS PUBLICATION .................................................................................................................1 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ....................................................................................................................2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................4 -
Downloaded from BOLD Or Requested from Other Authors
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Towards a global DNA barcode reference library for quarantine identifcations of lepidopteran Received: 28 November 2018 Accepted: 5 April 2019 stemborers, with an emphasis on Published: xx xx xxxx sugarcane pests Timothy R. C. Lee 1, Stacey J. Anderson2, Lucy T. T. Tran-Nguyen3, Nader Sallam4, Bruno P. Le Ru5,6, Desmond Conlong7,8, Kevin Powell 9, Andrew Ward10 & Andrew Mitchell1 Lepidopteran stemborers are among the most damaging agricultural pests worldwide, able to reduce crop yields by up to 40%. Sugarcane is the world’s most prolifc crop, and several stemborer species from the families Noctuidae, Tortricidae, Crambidae and Pyralidae attack sugarcane. Australia is currently free of the most damaging stemborers, but biosecurity eforts are hampered by the difculty in morphologically distinguishing stemborer species. Here we assess the utility of DNA barcoding in identifying stemborer pest species. We review the current state of the COI barcode sequence library for sugarcane stemborers, assembling a dataset of 1297 sequences from 64 species. Sequences were from specimens collected and identifed in this study, downloaded from BOLD or requested from other authors. We performed species delimitation analyses to assess species diversity and the efectiveness of barcoding in this group. Seven species exhibited <0.03 K2P interspecifc diversity, indicating that diagnostic barcoding will work well in most of the studied taxa. We identifed 24 instances of identifcation errors in the online database, which has hampered unambiguous stemborer identifcation using barcodes. Instances of very high within-species diversity indicate that nuclear markers (e.g. 18S, 28S) and additional morphological data (genitalia dissection of all lineages) are needed to confrm species boundaries. -
Two Native Pupal Parasitoids of Ceratitis Capitata (Diptera, Tephritidae) Found in Spain
Integrated Control in Citrus Fruit Crops IOBC wprs Bulletin Vol. 29(3) 2006 pp. 71 - 74 Two native pupal parasitoids of Ceratitis capitata (Diptera, Tephritidae) found in Spain J.V. Falcó, E. Garzón-Luque, M. Pérez-Hinarejos, I. Tarazona, J. Malagón, F. Beitia Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Unidad Asociada IVIA-CIB, Laboratorio de Entomología, Apartado Oficial, 46113 Montcada, Valencia, Spain Abstract : Searching native parasitoids of Ceratitis capitata is one of the activities carried out in the Valencian Community in plots of citrus and other fruit trees. Adults of two different species of hymenopterous insects have been obtained from medfly puparia reared under laboratory conditions. The pteromalids Spalangia cameroni Perkins and Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae (Rondani) have been identified as idiobiont pupal parasitoids of the Medfly. Key words : Tephritidae, Pteromalidae, Medfly, Ceratitis capitata , native parasitoid, Spalangia cameroni , Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae , Valencian Community. Introduction Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann, 1824) is considered a key pest of stone and citrus fruits in several parts of the world. The medfly has became a cosmopolitan species with a wide range of host plants as a result of its great capacity of dispersion, adaptability and high rate of reproduction The life cycle includes four phases that begin with the egg oviposited under the fruit skin. It continues with the larvae developed inside the pulp of the fruit. The larva of third instar falls down to the soil where it buries and becomes pupa. Adults emerge from the pupae in a few days. In the Valencian Community (East coast of Spain) this insect has became an endemic pest since the 30s, what making necessary to take measures of control to avoid the economic losses caused in the citrus sector.