SURVEY OF HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
IN THE TOWN OF STOWE, LAMOILLE COUNTY, VERMONT
Prepared by
STATE OF VERMONT AGENCY OF TRANSPORTATION MATERIALS & RESEARCH DIVISION
ENGINEERING GEOLOGY SUBDIVISION
Montpelier, Vermont
March, 1980
State of Vermont ( Agency of Transportation Materials & Research Division March, 1980 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction Page
Acknowledgements 1
History 1
Enclosures 1 - 2
Location 3
County and Town Outline Map of Vermont
Survey of Rock Sources
Procedure for Rock Survey 4
Discussion of Rock and Rock Sources 5 - 5A
Survey of Sand and Gravel Deposits
Procedure for Sand and Gravel Survey 6
Discussion of Sand and Gravel Deposits 7
Summary of Rock Formations in the Town of Stowe 8
Glossary of Selected Geologic Terms 9 - 11
Bibliography 12
Partial Specifications for Highway Construction Materials Appendix I
Stove Granular Data Sheets Table I
Stove Property Owners - Granular Supplement
Stove Property Owners - Rock Supplement
Granular Materials Map Plate I
Rock Materials Map Plate II
4- Page 1
Acknowledgments
This project acknowledges the surf icial geological information obtained
from Professor D. P. Stewart of Miami University, Oxford, Ohio and the bed-
rock information from the Centennial Geologic Nap of Vermont, C. C. Doll.
History
The Materials Survey Project was initiated in 1957 by the Vermont
Department of Highways with the assistance of the Bureau of Public Roads to
compile an inventory of highway construction materials in the State of ,
Vermont. Previously, investigations for highway construction materials were
conducted only as the immediate situation required and only limited areas were surveyed. Since no overall picture of material resources was available, highway contractors or resident engineers were required to locate the mate-
rials for their respective projects and the samples were tested by the
Materials & Research Division. The additional expense of exploration for
construction materials resulted in higher construction costs being paid by
the State. TheNateria1s Survey Project was formed to minimize this factor
by enabling the State and the contractors to use available information on material resources and to project cost estimates. Knowledge of locations
of suitable materials is an important factor in planning highways.
The sources of construction materials are located by this Project
through ground reconnaissance, study of maps and aerial photographs, and
geological and physiographic interpretation. Maps, data sheets and work
sheets furnish information of particular use to contractors and construction
personnel, and should be studied together for maximum benefit.
Enclosures
Included in this report are two surface-geology maps, one defining the
location of tests on bedrock, the other defining the location of tests on Page 2
granular materials. These maps are based on 15-minute or 7-½-minute
quadrangles of the United States Geological Survey enlarged or reduced to
1:31250 or 1" = 2604'. The various rock formations and types are delineated
on the Bedrock Map of the township. This information is obtained from:
Vermont Geological Survey Bulletins, Vermont State Geologist Reports, United
States Geological Survey Bedrock Maps, Centennial Geologic Map of Vermont,
the Surf icial Geologic Map of Vermont and other references.
The granular materials map shows areas of various types of glacial
deposits (outwash, moraines, kames, kame terraces, eskers, etc.) which are
potential sources of gravel and sand. This information was obtained primar-
ily from a survey conducted by Professor D. P. Stewart of Miami University,
Oxford, Ohio, who mapped the glacial features of the State of Vermont during
the summer months from 1956 to 1966. Further information is obtained from
the Soil Survey (Reconnaissance) of Vermont (conducted by the Bureau of
Chemistry and Soils of the United States Department of Agriculture), avail-
able Soil Surveys of individual counties (by the Soil Conservation Service
of the United States Department of Agriculture), Vermont Geological Survey
Bulletins, United States Geological Survey Quadrangles, aerial photographs
and other sources. The location of each test area is represented by a Map
Identification Number.
This report contains data sheets with detailed information on each test
taken in the Granular and Bedrock areas. Data is also used from an active
card file compiled by the Materials & Research Division over a period of years.
Some cards are not used because they are incomplete or have unusable information
on the location of the deposit.
Work sheets containing more detailed information and a field sketch of
the area, and laboratory test results are on file in the Materials & Research
Division of the Agency of Transportation, State of Vermont. Page 3
LOCATION
The Town of Stowe is in the southwest corner of Lamoille County in
the northwest section of north-central Vermont. It is bounded on the northwest corner by Cambridge, the north and northeast by Morristown, the east and southeast by Worcester, the south by Waterbury, the southwest corner by Bolton, and the west by Underhill (see County and Town Outline Nap of
Vermont on the following page).
The western half of Stowe lies in the Green Mountain Physiographic,
and the eastern half of Stowe lies in the Vermont Piedmont Physiographic
Sub-divisions of the New England Upland. The Green Mountains are character - ized by rugged, steep-sided mountainous terrain; whereas, the Central Plateau
Region of the Vermont Piedmont has broad valleys and rounded hills. Elevations
range from 4,120 feet atop Adam's Apple (in the Mount Mansfield State Forest),
to less than 600 feet where the Little River crosses the Waterbury Town
Line. Little River was once known as Waterbury River.
Major drainage is south via Little River into the Waterbury Reservoir,
and east via West Branch Waterbury River into Little River. Secondary drainage is via Ranch and Peterson Brooks into West Branch Waterbury River;
Bahannan, Sterling, Moss Glen, Gold, and Miller Brooks which are all
tributaries to the Little River. Many unnamed small tributaries flow into
the above brooks.
Lake Mansfield (1,150') is the only large body of water in Stowe. A
small part of Sterling Pond (3,008) is in Stowe. There are close to fifty
small, unnamed ponds in town.
C A N A D A
"r..r.r- 7 r 1101(11 1100 / JOLLIII ois.it 1101111 -\•_•_•• ,I! 1 lillY 11(11*00 I IOIPOIO .5 \ ITO lit + ' ,L_---4 T / .S.. ).,bhhbhu1 *I*1l//1T1tYi/ 011/ / ) 1*11101 00(1101 I I 0 / / 000000 to (01011! ?. / / LiO111Il / I I1i1llfl.l 5 / • T5 Ss / 1100100 I III —---J I f.' it 0011301111 / / .5.5cuIILoIoN/ - i071 11 1(1110 jc 4------T i ,111104,, 000 , 1111(100 / S5/ it000iriti k .5 /'•S 11130 00* I10T!1I1( . / , ( au i (0*0(1 / ), 'S c1)( I / 1(11101! woo / f ' 1 • ((01111 4 1(LTI0010 *tuoo ' .. j\.. '\ ss;ti0l*0l (((00100 .5_)5% \\FAIlf1l 11(1 / wiT1it-. / , 0 ,/'•'s .5.5 / /1'l,' I ' S Illlflt SS'_ c t •S. . L / 101000 fc4 S.- I*r10•0lr / 5 ' WILTON '._t / .._ / \c*w,i,ou ' / / 'S'OTt(fl(Ll I P I(loa/J / (III \ / I Still (loll! .. / 1(01(010 / / / '/_S — 00(001 • / / -5-- "1 twt3c1 L + c , (00001(0 / (10000 oou ( / /00101ICI io\ .5 ().4 / ,1L__._.55 ,/ / ((loll -- tiler (. ' STI 00 '0 z - •- 0(000(0 it 100101! I' / •'S.s.j 00101IL( I •SSS_S_ S// IOU .5.5 15lCI*0ll (00(0 I- $0100001 r I 10011 / / ST C(00l..i_.—.I / 1 10(11110 ( '5__ I — .5• \Rl0ll10lI". / * / J 11115010 rlI00Lflu/ UlTl0CTll / Ml101Il(l/ cioit.00 I 7 *111*1! / 001IFELIEs 4 / C :-'----. )-- ç 4 F 000(1000 / _ .5 ' I . / P01(11111 I .o0croo 11 ' 10 0 't. • .5 J .0. I (10101 q. ' I IT01011 ((IlISlIll 101(5 (00(/110510 l / 1(1111 / .5
1*10! 11*1*1 ' * 0100 (IILIos / / 1005110 1 %IIl51111 .5.5.5 110.t/ 10100(1 1*111* /15101* 5 '50 / 111101! I, l(l 010(1 ' / / 11*1101 (" .._.. / 1001110 .555 / 1101000001/(3 c IS_.5 I I ._. - t.5 I __ OS Q '. r—--- 1l001(I(tI I 0011111 _., . 'O __ 1 0 5(lI0 4 ; 11001010 I ll?T01 I (llI*IIL( 1119?5ll \ I{0l0UlL(,, ___L, '5s_j/& / I / / 111011(1 4 I IIL101010 IT--/ 00000 I / /1 --.5 / S•/. •-5 7''s_s._, / 0111101 •4., I / L(IC(5111 I I S 00 I,' ,/ 1110(010 // it .5--- 1(01(1 ,/ / 1111910 -I 011(11 •i*000 /.5.5 01*110 •. .5_5,/ / / 0111(11(1 * S09loI(0(/ / 101110 T 0 0 • / 1101*10 1(110* l0110l10101I ?0015(011 . 'S.__ / (00(1(0 /1 1- .5___ rjo r / / 011(011 RIVER '(Ill 0*11(1101 •jIlI1l.110OlIll00*,/I0l1lI(Il( 5
— I ,'IOIISIOCl/ CS / 11111*0 '001-c T (01(000 COUNTY AND TOWN CLIl(l00l I 5I1(751000 / P1010101 II r lUhl*( I OUTLINE MAP 5(1*15 - -S I OF z I- I 7 0(110 '0..'110000T0'I Il(Ll0C(0l0 00 1011! I I CIOIIISIg VERMONT - t(bTOIO!IIL I_-S- .Il 101001l' (*01(0 j_ I*LlIUll( PIll! UT 11151 ,i • i • 1(1(01 I I- I I I Lf (111110! *I50Tl1 1 11(1111 I 0010(11(1 I I 11(011 •ousu 1 I Pill I I I Ii r5S.( I L4ZL S. 10111101110._t I I 0 — 000011 10l* 1010001*1 (11(101 I 5111911 Ul100051(0 0110111 I I I I
1S/ S ----t----—.___I • I 0111101 1 I *1110111 SIllIll111 rUtUsllottb5bbh15T0 S j 5000101 I /
"i (100(0 SIlF1Sll0Tji*S 0111110 I r — - ---- i I I 0(0(11! (_L___ I 110(10. -- - -r 10101111: 1111(001 I I I 11L1110111 I 011Ll011 J fl(P*RL* IT TIC VERMONT DEPARTMENT OF HIGHWAYS I IS-S fr--a---- HIGHWAY PLANNING OIVISION (bUlL Is : lololui j_ I 11(1(10 : * 0 :bbbbbhb1 I 0lbllU__ — '—I DECEMeER 31,1974 I U A 3 3 A C H U S Page 4
SURVEY OF ROCK SOURCES
Procedure for Rock Survey
The method employed by the project in a survey of possible sources of rock for highway construction is divided into two main stages: office and field investigations.
The office investigation is conducted during the winter months and comprises the mapping and description of rock types perused from many ref- erence sources, as acknowledged in the bibliography. These references differ considerably in dependability due to subsequent developments and studies that have contributed to the obsolescence of a number of reports. The results of samples taken by other individuals are analyzed, and their location is mapped when possible. As complete a correlation as possible is made of the available geological information concerning the area under consideration.
The field investigation is begun by making a cursory survey of the entire town. The information obtained from the preliminary survey, and that from the office investigation, is used to determine where sampling will be concen- trated. When a promising source has been determined by rock type, volume of material, accessibility, adequate exposure and relief, chip samples are taken with a hammer across the strike or trend of the rock, and are submitted to the Materials & Research Division for abrasion testing by the Deval Method
(AASHTO T-3) and the Los Angeles Method (AASHTO T-96). Samples taken by the chip method are often within the weathered zone of the outcrop and thus may give a less satisfactory test result than fresh material from unweathered rock. When the rock is uniform, and the chip samples yield acceptable abrasion test results, the material source is listed in this report as being satisfactory. Page 5
Discussion of Rock and Rock Sources
The information on the Rock Materials Map (Plate II) is simplified.
For a more detailed description of the respective rock formations, see
the Summary of Rock Formations included in this report.
Occasionally, rocks belonging to the same formation and exhibiting
similar characteristics (i.e., color and texture) produce different abrasion
test results owing to differing physical properties or chemical compositions.
Therefore, in no case should satisfactory test results obtained in one area
be construed to mean that the same formation, even in the same area, will
not later produce unsatisfactory materials; this is particularly true of
metamorphic rocks.
Metamorphic rocks of the Green Mountain Sequence underlie the town. The
Hazens Notch Formation gneiss, quartzite, and schist is mapped as underlying
most of Stowe. The Underhill Formation schist outcrops in steep exposures
in the Mount Mansfield State Forest. The Underhill schist has not yielded
satisfactory material in towns where it has been sampled. The Hazens Notch
Formation had no accessible outcrops in town; however, portions of the
Formation yielded acceptable materials in other towns. The eastern quarter
of town is underlain by phyllites and quartzites of the Ottauquechee Formation
(which yielded some acceptable materials in other towns), and schist and
amphibolite of the Stowe Formation. The schist is not acceptable material;
however, the greenstone and aniphibolite have produced usable material in
other towns (see Waterbury Map Identification No. 3).
r Page 5A
Discussion of Rock and Rock Sources (cont.)
Formations in the rest of Stove are covered by glacial drift, alluvium, or heavy woods, or are unavailable due to commercial or residential development.
The formations mapped as underlying Stowe from west-to east are: the
Underhill Formation schist, Hazens Notch Formation gneiss, quartzite, and schist, Ottauquechee Formation phyllite and quartzite, Stowe Formation schist, and the Stowe Formation greenstone and amphibolite; the last two are mapped as alternate zones in the east end of town. Page 6
SURVEY OF SAND AND GRAVEL SOURCES
Procedure for Sand and Gravel Survey
The method used for conducting the survey of possible sources of sand and gravel for highway construction is divided into two main stages: office and field investigations.
The office investigation is conducted during the winter months and comprises the mapping of potentially productive areas from various references..
Of these references, the survey of glacial deposits mapped by Professor
Stewart is particularly helpful when used with soil-type maps, aerial photo- graphs, and United States Geological Survey Quadrangles. The last two are used in the recognition and location of physiographic features indicating glacial deposits, and in the study of drainage patterns. The locations of existing pits are mapped, as are the locations in which samples were taken by other individuals.
The field investigation is begun by making a cursory survey of the en- tire town. All pits, and any areas that show evidence of glacial or fluvial deposition are noted, and later investigated by obtaining samples from pit faces and other exposed surfaces. Test holes in pit floors and extensions are later dug with a backhoe to a depth of approximately 11 feet to obtain material which is submitted to the Materials & Research Division for gradation, sieve analysis and AASHTO T-4 Method stone abrasion test. Page 7
Discussion of Sand and Gravel Deposits
Results of this survey showed that granular deposition in Stowe is generally limited to features between 600' and 1,050' elevation. There is one pit at 1,425', but it is extremely close to depletion. Highway and related construction materials are available, but very limited in Stowe.
The most promising sources of Gravel for Sub-base Item 704.05 are listed with the most favorable first: Map Identification Numbers 5, 6,
10, 11, 14, and a pit at 4.
Areas yielding acceptable Sand Borrow and Cushion Item 703.03 are listed with the most favorable first: Map Identification Numbers 11, 10, and pits at 17 and 15.
Other areas having materials passing highway specification requirements are not listed due to lack of reserves, not being available due to commercial or residential development, or stringent zoning regulations. Page 8
Summary of Rock Formations In The Town Of Stowe
Green Mountain Sequence
Stowe Formation: Quartz-sericite (muscovite-paragonite) - chlorite phyllite and schist; porphyroblasts of albite, garnet, chioritoid, or kyanite are common locally; includes phyllitic graywacke north of Lamoille River. Schist contains abundant segregations of granular white quartz.
Stowe Formation greenstone and amphibolite: Epidote-albite-chlorite rocks contain actinolite and hornblende where more metamorphosed.
Ottauquechee Formation: Black, carbonaceous phyllite or schist containing interbeds of massive quartzite commonly criss-crossed by veins of white quartz; quartzite is dark gray and carbonaceous, light gray, or white; also includes light green quartz-sericite-chlorite phyllite or schist and sericitic quartzite; beds of phyllitic graywacke and feldspar granule conglomerate are north of Lamoille River.
Camels Hump Group
Underhill Formation: Silvery, gray-green, quartz-sericite-albite-chlorite- biotite schist containing abundant lenticular segregations of granular • white quartz; locally quartz-sericite-albite--chlorite phyllite; porphyroblasts of albite, garnet, and magnetite are common and locally very abundant in gneissic facies in axial anticlines of the Green Mountain antic linorium.
Hazens Notch Formation: Interbedded carbonaceous and noncarbonaceous quartz-sericite-albite-chlorite schist; grades to quartzite and gneiss. Page 9
GLOSSARY OF SELECTED GEOLOGIC TERMS
Actinolite - A variety of amphibole occurring in greenish bladed crystals or in masses.
Albite - The light-colored, sodium end-member of the continuous plagioclase feldspar series which is found in alkali rocks. The name is often compounded with the names of rocks containing the mineral.
Amphibolite - A green-to-black, schistose, metamorphic rock consisting mostly of amphibole (i.e., tremolite, actinolite, hornblende, or arfvedsonite).
Anticline - A fold of rock strata that is convex upward, in which the older formations occur toward the center of curvature.
Anticlinorium - A composite fold consisting of connected anticlines and synclines which, grouped together, form an arch. The term applies to relatively large features extending for several miles.
Biotite - A platy, dark silicate mineral commonly known as black mica.
Carbonaceous - Containing carbon.
Chlorite - A group of green, hydrous silicates of aluminum, ferrous iron, and magnesium, which occur as plate-like crystals or scales in metamorphic rocks.
Chloritoid - A brittle member of the mica mineral group.
Drainage basin - A part of the surface of the earth that is occupied by a drainage system, or contributes surface water to that system.
Epidote - A green, calcium-aluminum-iron silicate mineral usually occurring in rocks as formless grains or masses. It is characteristically pistachio-, or yellowish-green.
Facies - The composite nature of sedimentary deposits that reflects the conditions and environments of their origins.
Feldspar - Any of an important group of rock-forming minerals which all have close chemical and physical similarity and which, except for a few special cases, cannot be told apart by ordinary field tests. Feldspars are essentially silicates of alumina and some other base: potash, soda, or lime. Orthoclase and microcline (both 1(20 A120 3 6SiO2) are potash feldspars; Albite (Na20 A1203 6SiO2) is a soda feldspar; and anorthite (CaO A1203 2SiO2) is a lime feldspar. Feldspars make up from 40% to 50% of the earth's crust, and are the most common rock-forming minerals. They commonly alter to kaolinite in the zone of weathering, and under conditions of true metamorphism give rise to other minerals such as sericite.
Fluvial - Pertaining to streams.
Garnet - An important group of minerals in which aluminum, calcium, chromium, ferric and ferrous iron, magnesium, and manganese combine with a silicate. They are commonly deep red, brown, or black, but may be any color except possible blue. Page 10
Gneiss - A metamorphic rock of alternate bands of light minerals (rich in feldspar and quartz), and dark minerals (rich in hornblende and mica).
Graywacke - Dark, hard sandstone having angular grains of quartz and feldspar in a matrix of micas, chlorite, and clay minerals.
Greenstone - A field term for metamorphic rocks so altered that they assume a distinctive color due to the presence of chlorite, epidote, or actinolite. Greenstone is usually derived from dark igneous rocks. Normally tough and hard, it is crushed to form good-to-excellent aggregate.
Hornblende - A common, dark variety of the amphibole group of silicate minerals. It is usually black, dark green, or brown, has a hardness of 5 to 6, a specific gravity of about 3.0, and often occurs in prismatic masses in igneous and metamorphic rocks.
Kyanite - A blue aluminum silicate mineral which occurs as thin-bladed crystals, or crystalline aggregates in metamorphic rocks.
Lenticular - Pertains to a mass of rock or earth that thins out in all directions from the center like a double-convex optical lens.
Magnetite - A magnetic mineral composed of iron ferrate (Fe 304 or FeO Fe20 3 ).
Metamorphic Rocks - Rocks formed from pre-existing rocks altered by pressure, heat, or the infiltration of gases and liquids below the zones of oxidation and cementation. Metamorphic rocks are reconstructed in place while remaining essentially solid.
Muscovite - An important member of the mica group of silicate minerals; known also as white mica, potash mica, or isinglass.
Paragonite - A mica similar in appearance to muscovite but containing sodium instead of potassium.
Phyllite - A fine-grained, metamorphic rock intermediate between the mica schists and slates, into which it may grade. Its cleavage is due to the high content of the potash mica, sericite, which gives the rock a distinctive silvery appearance. Its fracture is intermediate between the rather splintery fissility of schist, and the smooth, even cleavage of slate; however, the rock is not as tough as slate.
Phyllitic - Pertaining to fine-grained, foliated metamorphic rock inter- mediate between the mica schists and slates, into which it may grade. Cleavage is due to the large amount of potash mica, sericite.
Porphyroblasts - Large crystals which have formed in place within the fine- grained matrix of a metamorphic rock. They are produced by heat, pressure, and infiltrating solutions in pre-existing rocks.
Quartz - The most common mineral (Si02). It occurs as hexagonal crystals or amorphous, transparent, translucent, opaque, or variously colored masses due to impurities.
Quartzite - The common, siliceous rock which is the metamorphic equivalent of sandstone. Its quartz grains are so firmly bonded that fractures occur with equal ease across the grains and cementing material. Page 11
Schist - A crystalline, metamorphic rock having secondary foliation or lamination based on the parallelism of platy or needle-like grains which causes a tendency to split along the foliation.
Segregation - The concentration of one or more minerals that have formed together during crystallization of a molten rock in place.
Sericite - A metamorphic mineral very similar to muscovite; it occurs in minute flakes or scales in schists, gneisses, and phyllites. Page 12
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Flint, Richard F. Glacial Geology and the Pleistocene Epoch. New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1947
Heinrich, E. W. Microscopic Petrography. New York: McGraw-Hill Co., Inc., 1956.
Kemp, James F. A Handbook of Rocks. New York: D. Van Nostrand Co., Inc., 1949.
National Academy of Sciences. National Research Council. Highway Research Board. Soil Exploration and Mapping, Highway Research Board Bulletin 28. Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Sciences - National Research Board, 1950.
Pirsson, L. V. Rock and Rock Minerals. New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1949.
Stokes, William L. and Varnes, David J. Glossary of Selected Geologic Terms, Colorado Scientific Society Proceedings, Vol. 16. Denver, Cob.: Colorado Scientific Society, 1955.
U.S. Department of Agriculture. Bureau of Chemistry and Soils. Soils Survey (Reconnaissance) of Vermont, by K. V. Goodman, W. J. Latimer, F. R. Lesh, S. 0. Perkins, and L. R. Smith (1930).
U.S. Department of Interior. Geological Survey. Camels Hump Quadrangle, Vermont, 15 Minute Series (Topographic) (1948).
U.S. Department of Interior. Geological Survey. Hyde Park Quadrangle, Vermont, 15 Minute Series (Topographic) (1953).
U.S. Department of Interior, Geological Survey. Montpelier Quadrangle, Vermont, 15 Minute Series (Topographic) (1921, reprinted 1951).
U.S. Department of Interior. Geological Survey. Mount Mansfield Quadrangle, Vermont, 15 Minute Series (Topographic) (1948).
U.S. Department of Water Resources. Geological Survey. Surf icial Geologç Map of Vermont, edited by Charles G. Doll (1970).
U.S. Department of Water Resources. Geological Survey. The Surf icial Geology and Pleistocene History of Vermont, By David P. Stewart and Paul Mac Clintock, Bulletin No. 31 (1969).
Vermont Development Commission. Geological Survey. Geology of The Mount Mansfield Quadrangle, Vermont, by Robert A. Christman, Bulletin No. 12 (1959).
Vermont Development Department, Geological Survey. Centennial Geologic Map of Vermont, edited by Charles G. Doll (1961)
Vermont Development Department. Geological Survey. The Glacial Geology of Vermont, by David P. Stewart, Bulletin No. 19 (1961).
Vermont Geological Survey. Geo1ov of the Camels Humv Quadrangle. Vermont, - by Robert A. Christman and Donald T. Secor, Jr., Bulletin No. 15 (1961). Appendix I
PARTIAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
Listed below are partial specifications for Highway Construction Materials as they apply to this report at date of publication. For a complete list of specif i- cations see Standard Specifications for Highway and Bridge Construction, approved and adopted by theVermont Department of Highways, March, 1976.
DIVISION 700 - MATERIALS
703.03 SAND BORROW AND CUSHION. Sand borrow shall consist of material reasonably free from silt, loam, clay, or organic matter. It shall be obtained from approved sources and shall meet the requirements of the following table:
TABLE 703.03A - SAND BORROW AND CUSHION
Sieve Percentage by Weight Passing Square Mesh Sieves Designation TOTAL SAMPLE SAND PORTION 2" 100 1½" 90-100 ½" 70-100 No. 4 60-100 100 No. 100 0- 30 No. 200 0- 12
703.05 GRANULAR BORROW. Granular borrow shall be obtained from approved sources, consisting of satisfactorily graded, free.draining, hard, durable stone and coarse sand reasonably free from loam, silt, clay, or organic material.
The Granular Borrow shall meet the requirements of the following table:
TABLE 703.05A - GRANULAR BORROW
Sieve Percentage by Weight Passing Square Mesh Sieves Designation TOTAL SAMPLE SAND PORTION No. 4 20-100 100 No. 200 0- 15
The maximum size stone particles of the Granular Borrow shall not exceed 2/3 of the thickness of the layer being spread.
704.05 GRAVEL FOR SUB-BASE. Gravel for Sub-base shall consist of material reason- ably free from silt, loam, clay, or organic matter. It shall be obtained from approved sources and shall meet the following requirements: Appendix I (con' t.)
(a) Grading. The gravel shall meet the requirements of the following table:
- TABLE 704.05A - GRAVEL FOR SUB-BASE
Sieve Percentage by Weight Passing Square Mesh Sieves Designation TOTAL SAMPLE SAND PORTION No. 4 20-60 100 No. 100 0- 18 No. 200 0- 8
The stone portion of the gravel shall be uniformly graded from coarse to fine, and the maximum size stone particles shall not exceed 2/3 the thickness of the layer being placed.
(b) Percent of Wear. The percent of wear of the gravel shall be not more than 25 when tested in accordance with AASHTO T-4, or more than 40 when tested in accordance with AASHTO T-96.
704.06 CRUSHED STONE FOR SUB-BASE. Crushed stone for sub-base shall consist of clean, hard, crushed stone, uniformly graded, reasonably free from dirt, deleterious material, pieces which are structurally weak and shall meet the following requirements:
(a) Source. This material shall be obtained from approved sources and the area from which this material is obtained shall be stripped and cleaned before blasting.
(b) Grading. This material shall meet the requirements of the following table:
TABLE 704.06A - CRUSHED STONE FOR SUB-BASE
Sieve Percentage by Weight Passing Square Mesh Sieves Designation TOTAL SAMPLE 4½" 100 4" 90-100 1½" 25- 50 No.4 0-15
(c) Percent of Wear. The percent of wear of the parent rock shall be not more than 8 when tested in accordance with AASHTO T-3, or the crushed stone a percent of wear of not more than 40 when tested in accordance with AASHTO T-96. Appendix I (con't.)
(d) Thin and Elongated Pieces. Not more than 30 percent, by weight, of thin and elongated pieces will be permitted.
Thin and elongated pieces will be determined on the material coarser than the No. 4 sieve.
(e) Filler. The filler shall be obtained from approved sources and shall meet the requirements as set up for Sand Cushion, Subsection 703.03.
(f) Leveling Material. The leveling material shall be obtained from approved sources and may be either crushed gravel or stone screening produced by the crushing process. The-material shall consist of hard durable particles, reasonably free from silt, loam, clay or organic matter.
This material shall meet the requirements of the following table:
TABLE 704.06B - LEVELING MATERIAL
Sieve Percentage by Weight Passing Square Mesh Sieves Designation TOTAL SAMPLE 3/4" 100 1/2" 70-100 No. 4 50- 90 No. 100 0- 20 No. 200 0- 10
704.07 CRUSHED GRAVEL FOR SUB-BASE. Crushed gravel for sub-base shall consist of material reasonably free from silt, loam, clay or organic matter. It shall be obtained from approved sources and shall meet the following requirements:
(a) Grading. The crushed gravel shall be uniformly graded from coarse to fine and shall meet the requirements of the following table:
TABLE 704.07A - CRUSHED GRAVEL FOR SUB-BASE