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New Internship Course at Health Centers for Dental Undergraduates of Babol University of Medical Sciences in 2014: Students' Perception

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New Internship Course at Health Centers for Dental Undergraduates of Babol University of Medical Sciences in 2014: Students' Perception Frontiers in Dentistry New Internship Course at Health Centers for Dental Undergraduates of Babol University of Medical Sciences in 2014: Students' Perception Mohammad Mehdi Naghibi Sistani1, Mahdiye Aziznejad1, Effat Khodadadi2* 1. Oral Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran 2. Dental Materials Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran Article Info A B S T R A C T Article type: Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate an innovative internship course at health Original Article centers for final-year dental undergraduates and to report initial students’ perceptions. Materials and Methods: The Department of Community Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry with the collaboration of the Vice-Chancellor of Health of Babol University Article History: of Medical Sciences prepared an educational and clinical training course, named Received: 22 Dec 2019 Health Centers Dental Rotation (HCDR), in January 2014. Final year (6th year) dental Accepted: 9 Mar 2020 undergraduates were divided into groups of two or three and worked as an operator Published: 28 Aug 2020 or assistant at 12 health centers (six rural and six urban). Students had to fulfill the educational and therapeutic requirements for three weeks. Students' perspectives related to the course objectives were recorded using a five-point Likert scale with a voluntary anonymous questionnaire. * Corresponding author: Results: Forty-four dental students, 26 (60%) females and 18 (40%) males, provided Dental Materials Research Center, Health oral health care services at the health centers. Based on the students' perspectives, Research Institute, Babol University of almost all students (95%) realized the limitations of the health centers. The HCDR Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran improved the awareness of 75% of the students about oral health needs and Email: [email protected] problems of patients referring to these centers. Although 68% of the students declared that participating in this course was a valuable educational experience, 38.6% described it as displeasing. Conclusion: From the students' perspectives, this course was a worthwhile and positive internship experience and provided an opportunity for students to understand the specific oral health needs of patients attending these health centers and to realize their key role in the oral health system. Keywords: Dental Students; Health Education; Iran; Internship; Oral Health Cite this article as: Naghibi Sistani MM, Aziznejad M, Khodadadi E. New Internship Course at Health Centers for Dental Undergraduates of Babol University of Medical Sciences in 2014: Students' Perception. Front Dent. 2020;17:18. doi: 10.18502/fid.v17i18.4181 INTRODUCTION dental schools. Appropriate health labor The key element in achieving health for all is policies, such as different educational human resource development [1]. curricula, are required for training qualified Traditionally, dental students were trained to oral health professionals to manage oral treat specific oral diseases of patients at health problems [2], especially in deprived separated specific clinical departments in communities and rural areas. Therefore, Copyright © 2020 The Authors. Published by Tehran University of Medical Sciences. This work is published as an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4). Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted, provided the original work is properly cited. Dental Student Internship Course at Health Centers dental schools ought to graduate dentists with many patients with various complex dental community-based skills, such as patient care needs, a low number of oral health management, clinical decision-making, and workers, and a lack of modern dental overall patient care. equipment. Some international universities have provided Considering that the health system of Iran opportunities to be involved in community- requires dentists that are responsible for their based learning projects for final year dental society with a desire to provide oral students. The Centre for Rural and Remote healthcare for the deprived population at Oral Health, The University of Western health centers, changing dental students' Australia, Crawley, Australia, has developed a attitudes toward working in rural and rural, remote, and indigenous placement deprived areas is needed to be addressed in (RRIP) program [3]. The community-based dental education curriculum [10]. dental education (CBDE) was set in the United To improve the final year dental students' States to reduce disparities in oral health care professional skills, attitude, and practice of access [4]. The Faculty of Dentistry of the dental care services at health centers, this University of Alberta have collaborated in an study aimed to develop a new internship CBDE outreach dental care program to provide basic course and to evaluate the perspectives of oral health care in three rural communities dental students of outside dental school clinics since 1978 [5]. and health centers. Studies on these CBDE programs from dental students’ perspectives have revealed several MATERIALS AND METHODS positive outcomes for dental students that Babol University of Medical Sciences gave participated in these projects, such as their ethical approval to the present study exposure to diverse clinical knowledge and (Mubabol REC. 1394.236). The health centers experiences, as well as increased speed, skill, dental rotation (HCDR) was an educational self-awareness, and confidence [6]. Dental and clinical training rotation as a part of a students that participated in well-structured health system internship curriculum-based community-based programs were also course. This rotation was prepared at the reported to gain a more positive attitude Department of Community Oral Health, towards treating the underserved population Faculty of Dentistry with the collaboration of [7]. the Vice-Chancellor of Health of Babol In addition, these programs in community University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran, in health clinics outside dental schools with January 2014. Forty-four final year dental professional supervision showed to be students, including 26 (60%) females and 18 beneficial in improving dental students’ skills (40%) males, participated in this project as a in different domains, such as critical thinking, part of their practical course of oral health. professionalism, communication and Every two or three students attended a rural interpersonal skills, health promotion, and or urban health center as a group for three patient care, from both supervisor dentists’ weeks. Overall, the students attended twelve and dental students’ perspectives [8,9]. health centers (six urban and six rural). Despite the increased number of Iranian The objectives and outline of the HCDR project dentists during the past decades, the were introduced to the students on day one of distribution of dentists in different provinces the rotation in a two-hour tutorial by the is still unequal. The majority of Iranian academic staff of the Department of dentists are working in provinces with better Community Oral Health. The students conditions, especially in the private sector provided oral healthcare services concerning [10]. The public sector provides dental patients’ demands and the health center’s services in rural areas and small towns as the chart of duties. The health center’s dentist first referral center. Nevertheless, these health supervised dental students in all treatment centers have several limitations, such as too stages and evaluated their skills. Overall, Volume 17 | Article 18| Aug 2020 2 / 6 Naghibi Sistani MM, et al. twelve health center dentists participated in The responses were “strongly disagree”, this study as supervisors. “disagree”, “undecided”, “agree”, and “strongly Two checklists were prepared: a checklist for agree”. For analysis, the responses were dental supervisors and one for dental reclassified to disagree, undecided, and agree. students. The items and questions in both The frequency of the responses based on a five- checklists were developed based on the Rural point Likert scale, the median of the responses, Dental Rotation (RDR) questionnaire [11]; and the response rate were calculated using however, some revisions were made based on SPSS 19 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). the comments of the expert panel. Dental supervisors rated the effectiveness of RESULTS this course and students’ skills, such as The overall students' response rate was 99.2%. treatment skills, communication skills with All 44 dental students provided oral healthcare health center staff and patients, oral health services based on patients’ demands at the education skills, and their willingness to health centers. The frequency of students' participate in rural programs, by a five-point responses about the project objectives is Likert scale checklist. The responses included presented in Table 1. This rotation increased “very good”, “good”, “fair”, “poor”, and “very the awareness of 95% of the students about the poor”. problems and limitations at the health centers. Students’ perceptions about problems of Although the HCDR improved the awareness of patients and limitations of the health centers, 75% of the students about oral health needs the overall HCDR, their educational and problems of patients referring to these experiences, and interest in working
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