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Nicht Offensichtlich Unbegründet Bundesverwaltungsgericht Tribunal administratif fédéral Tribunale amministrativo federale Tribunal administrativ fe d e r a l Abteilung V E-349/2009 U r t e i l v om 15. November 2012 Besetzung Richterin Regula Schenker Senn (Vorsitz), Richter Thomas Wespi, Richter Bruno Huber, Gerichtsschreiberin Simona Risi. Parteien A._______, (Beschwerdeführer 1), B._______ (Beschwerdeführerin 2), C._______, (Beschwerdeführerin 3), D._______, (Beschwerdeführer 4), Mongolei, Beschwerdeführende, gegen Bundesamt für Migration (BFM), Quellenweg 6, 3003 Bern, Vorinstanz. Gegenstand Asyl und Wegweisung; Verfügung des BFM vom 19. Dezember 2008 / N (…). E-349/2009 Sachverhalt: A. Gemäss eigenen Angaben verliessen die Beschwerdeführenden 1 und 2 ihren Heimatstaat am 5. September 2008 und gelangten am 20. Okto- ber 2008 in die Schweiz, wo sie gleichentags im Empfangs- und Verfah- renszentrum (EVZ) Basel um Asyl nachsuchten. Am 30. Oktober 2008 wurden sie zur Person sowie summarisch zu ihren Asylgründen befragt und am 13. November 2008 eingehend angehört. Dabei machte der Beschwerdeführer 1 insbesondere geltend, er habe seit dem Jahr (…) als Chauffeur und ab (…) auch als (…) für E._______, den (…) der republikanischen Partei Mongolyn Bügd Nairamdakh Nam (BNN), in Ulaanbaatar gearbeitet. Als bekannt geworden sei, dass die Parlamentswahlen (vom 29. Juni 2008) manipuliert worden seien, habe dieser eine Demonstration organisiert. In jenem Zusammenhang habe er (Beschwerdeführer 1) am 1. Juli 2008 den Befehl erhalten, ein bestimm- tes Auto aus der Garage der Firma seines Chefs auf den Zentralplatz von Ulaanbaatar zu fahren. Dort angekommen sei er zu seinem Chef gegan- gen, habe ihm den Autoschlüssel gegeben und sich danach zwischen 16 und 17 Uhr, während etwa einer halben Stunde, neben dem Auto auf- gehalten, von wo aus er den Zentralplatz beobachtet habe. Anschlies- send sei er mit dem Einverständnis seines Chefs nach Hause gefahren. Später habe er im Fernsehen gesehen, dass die anfangs friedliche De- monstration gegen Abend eskaliert und Staatseigentum in Brand gesteckt worden sei. Das Auto habe insofern eine zentrale Rolle gespielt, als es zu Vorwürfen gekommen sei, mit diesem Fahrzeug seien Waffen und Alkohol zu der Demonstration gebracht worden. Für diese Transporte seien drei bekannte Geschäftsmänner – wovon zwei zugleich Anführer der Bürger- bewegung seien und der dritte [(…)] (…) der BNN sei – verantwortlich gemacht und festgenommen worden. Am 4. Juli 2008 habe sein Chef ihn gewarnt, von dessen Befehl, das Auto auf den Zentralplatz zu fahren, niemandem zu erzählen, ansonsten er (Beschwerdeführer 1) und seine Familie Probleme bekommen würden. Am 14. Juli 2008 seien drei Polizis- ten zu ihm nach Hause gekommen und hätten ihn verhaftet; er gehe da- von aus, dass dies aufgrund von Beschuldigungen seiner Person durch die Geschäftsmänner erfolgt sei. Ihm sei vorgeworfen worden, die De- monstration organisiert und mit der Abgabe von Alkohol zum Eskalieren gebracht zu haben. Während der Haft sei er zweimal verhört worden, wo- bei er jeweils unter Druck gesetzt worden sei, ein Geständnis abzugeben. Dies habe er jedoch verweigert. Zudem habe man ihm anlässlich des Seite 2 E-349/2009 zweiten Verhörs eine mildere Strafe angeboten für den Fall, dass er zwi- schen 40 und 50 Millionen mongolische Tugrik bezahle. Während der Zeit der Inhaftierung habe er mehrfach die Zelle wechseln müssen und sei von anderen Gefängnisinsassen, bei denen es sich um Kriminelle und Schwerverbrecher gehandelt habe, zusammengeschlagen und gedemü- tigt worden. Er gehe davon aus, dass er durch diese Behandlung zu ei- nem Geständnis hätte gebracht werden sollen. Am 1. August 2008 habe er einen Anwalt, Besuchsrechte sowie Einzelhaft gefordert und sei in ei- nen Hungerstreik getreten, ab dem 8. August 2008 habe er sodann auch nichts mehr getrunken. Dies habe ihn derart geschwächt, dass er am 10. August 2008 ins Spital eingeliefert worden sei. Bis zum 25. August 2008 sei er dort in Behandlung gewesen und habe ein ärztliches Zeugnis erhalten, wonach er aus gesundheitlichen Gründen nicht mehr inhaftiert werden dürfe. Bei einer Befragung am 25. August 2008 habe die Polizei ihm gesagt, er habe sich nach dem Austritt aus dem Spital für weitere Verhöre bereitzuhalten, habe ihm jedoch gleichzeitig erlaubt, zur Erho- lung für eine Woche zu seinen Eltern aufs Land zu fahren, mit der Aufla- ge, sich beim dortigen Polizeiposten zu melden. Am 3. September 2008 sei er mit seiner Frau nach Ulaanbaatar zurückgekehrt, wo sie vorüber- gehend bei einem Kollegen gewohnt hätten, bevor sie zwei Tage später geflohen seien. In seinem Heimatstaat sei er weiterhin durch seinen ehemaligen Chef beziehungsweise dessen Partei sowie durch die (seit dem Jahr 2000) regierende revolutionäre Partei Mongolian People's Re- volutionary Party (MPRP), für welche die Polizei tätig geworden sei, be- droht. Die Beschwerdeführerin brachte im Wesentlichen vor, sie habe die Mon- golei wegen ihres Ehemannes verlassen. Sie sei aber auch insofern per- sönlich bedroht worden, als der Arbeitgeber ihres Mannes sie während dessen Inhaftierung zu Hause aufgesucht und aufgefordert habe, ihren Mann dazu zu bringen, auszusagen, was er (der Arbeitgeber) ihm gesagt habe, ansonsten es für sie beide nicht gut ausgehen würde. Die Beschwerdeführenden reichten dem BFM Kopien ihrer Identitätskar- ten, des Ehescheines, der Geburtsscheine ihrer Kinder und einen Mitar- beiterausweis der (…) vom 1. Februar 2007 betreffend die Beschwerde- führerin ein. B. Mit Verfügung vom 19. Dezember 2008 – eröffnet am 23. Dezember 2008 – lehnte das BFM die Asylgesuche der Beschwerdeführenden man- Seite 3 E-349/2009 gels Asylrelevanz der Vorbringen gestützt auf Art. 3 des Asylgesetzes vom 26. Juni 1998 (AsylG, SR 142.31) ab und ordnete die Wegweisung aus der Schweiz sowie deren Vollzug an. C. Dagegen gelangten die Beschwerdeführenden mit Eingabe vom 19. Ja- nuar 2009 an das Bundesverwaltungsgericht und beantragten die Aufhe- bung der vorinstanzlichen Verfügung und die Gewährung von Asyl sowie eventualiter die Anordnung der vorläufigen Aufnahme. In verfahrensrecht- licher Hinsicht ersuchten sie unter Beilage einer Fürsorgebestätigung um Gewährung der unentgeltlichen Rechtspflege gemäss Art. 65 Abs. 1 des Verwaltungsverfahrensgesetzes vom 20. Dezember 1968 (VwVG, SR 172.021). Zum Beweis ihrer Vorbringen reichten sie einen fremdsprachigen Inter- netbericht vom 27. November 2008 ein. D. Am 23. Januar 2009 erkundigten sich die Beschwerdeführenden nach ih- ren bei der Vorinstanz eingereichten Dokumenten, wobei sie ausführten, in den zur Akteneinsicht zugestellten Unterlagen hätten sämtliche persön- lichen Papiere gefehlt; es sei ihnen zu erklären, wo diese sich befinden würden. Im Weiteren hielten sie fest, dass sie mit der Übersetzung ihrer Vorbringen bei der Anhörung nicht einverstanden seien. E. Mit Zwischenverfügung vom 2. März 2009 hielt die Instruktionsrichterin fest, die Beschwerdeführenden könnten den Ausgang des Verfahrens in der Schweiz abwarten. Gleichzeitig wies sie das Gesuch um Gewährung der unentgeltlichen Prozessführung infolge Aussichtslosigkeit der Be- schwerdebegehren ab und setzte ihnen Frist zur Leistung eines Kosten- vorschusses sowie zur Einreichung einer (zumindest zusammenfassen- den) Übersetzung des eingereichten fremdsprachigen Internetberichts. Schliesslich wies sie darauf hin, dass sich die gesamten eingereichten Ausweise und sonstigen Unterlagen bei den vorinstanzlichen Akten be- finden würden, jedoch im Rahmen der Akteneinsicht nicht in Kopie zuge- stellt worden seien. Der Kostenvorschuss wurde mit Zahlung vom 17. März 2009 fristgerecht geleistet. Gleichentags reichten die Beschwerdeführenden eine Überset- zung in Form einer Zusammenfassung des Internetberichts zu den Akten. Seite 4 E-349/2009 Zudem brachten sie eine den Beschwerdeführer 1 betreffende polizeiliche Vorladung für den 3. September 2008 (Original mit Übersetzung) bei und stellten ein ärztliches Zeugnis betreffend die Beschwerdeführerin in Aus- sicht. F. Mit Eingabe vom 22. April 2009 reichten die Beschwerdeführenden eine ärztliche Bestätigung der Schwangerschaft der Beschwerdeführerin 2 sowie eine an den Vater des Beschwerdeführers 1 adressierte Polizeivor- ladung vom 4. Februar 2009 (Original mit Übersetzung) zu den Akten und führten aus, dass sich in letzter Zeit die polizeiliche Kontrolle ihrer Familie intensiviert habe. G. Am (…) wurde der Sohn der Beschwerdeführenden, D._______ (Be- schwerdeführer 4), geboren. H. Am 21. Juli 2011 erschienen die Beschwerdeführenden 1 und 2 im EVZ Basel, um ihre bis anhin in der Mongolei wohnhaft gewesene Tochter (Beschwerdeführerin 3) anzumelden, die zwei Tage zuvor in die Schweiz nachgereist sei. In diesem Zusammenhang reichten sie ihre Geburtsur- kunde (Original mit beglaubigter Übersetzung) zu den Akten. Das Bundesverwaltungsgericht zieht in Erwägung: 1. 1.1. Gemäss Art. 31 des Verwaltungsgerichtsgesetzes vom 17. Juni 2005 (VGG, SR 173.32) beurteilt das Bundesverwaltungsgericht Beschwerden gegen Verfügungen nach Art. 5 VwVG. Das BFM gehört zu den Behörden nach Art. 33 VGG und ist daher eine Vorinstanz des Bundesverwaltungs- gerichts. Eine das Sachgebiet betreffende Ausnahme im Sinne von Art. 32 VGG liegt nicht vor. Das Bundesverwaltungsgericht ist daher zu- ständig für die Beurteilung der vorliegenden Beschwerde und entscheidet auf dem Gebiet des Asyls endgültig, ausser bei Vorliegen eines Ausliefe- rungsersuchens des Staates, vor welchem die beschwerdeführende Per- son Schutz sucht (Art. 105 AsylG; Art. 83 Bst. d Ziff. 1 des Bundesge- richtsgesetzes
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