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Projeto De Pesquisa UNIVERSIDADE DE BRASÍLIA Instituto de Letras Departamento de Teoria Literária e Literaturas Programa de Pós-Graduação em Literatura Tese de doutorado O romantismo polonês na literatura brasileira: micro-história literária da presença romântica na poesia Jucelino de Sales Brasília 2020 Jucelino de Sales O romantismo polonês na literatura brasileira: micro-história literária da presença romântica na poesia Tese de doutorado submetida ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em Literatura do Departamento de Teoria Literária e Literaturas do Instituto de Letras da Universidade de Brasília (PÓSLIT/UnB), como parte dos requisitos exigidos para obtenção do título de doutor em Literatura. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Henryk Siewierski Brasília 2020 Ficha catalográfica elaborada automaticamente, com os dados fornecidos pelo(a) autor(a) de Sales, Jucelino dS163r O romantismo polonês na literatura brasileira: micro história literária da presença romântica na poesia /Jucelino de Sales; orientador Henryk SIEWIERSKI. -- Brasília, 2020. 400 p. Tese (Doutorado – Doutorado em Literatura) –– Universidade de Brasília, 2020. 1. Literatura comparada. 2. Romantismo polonês. 3. Romantismo brasileiro. 4. Poesia. 5. Micro-história literária. I. Henryk, SIEWIERSKI, orient. II. Título. Jucelino de Sales O romantismo polonês na literatura brasileira: micro-história literária da presença romântica na poesia Tese de doutorado submetida ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em Literatura do Departamento de Teoria Literária e Literaturas do Instituto de Letras da Universidade de Brasília (PÓSLIT/UnB), como parte dos requisitos exigidos para obtenção do título de doutor em Literatura. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Henryk Siewierski Banca Examinadora: ____________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Henryk Siewierski Universidade de Brasília – UnB (Presidente) _____________________________________________ Profa. Dra. Natalia Inês Klidzio Universidade Maria Curie-Skłodowska – UMCS (membro efetivo) _____________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Paweł Jerzy Hejmanowski Universidade de Brasília – UnB (membro efetivo) _____________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Sidney Barbosa Universidade de Brasília – UnB (membro efetivo) _____________________________________________ Prof. Dr. João Vianney Cavalcanti Nuto Universidade de Brasília – UnB (membro suplente) Para vovó Marcelina (in memorian) e vovô Pelágio Para mamãe (e finado papai) Para Jucirene, Rafael, Adriely, Breno e Alef AGRADECIMENTOS O agradecimento é, além de solidário, o momento mais honesto de celebrar as pessoas e instituições que, de alguma maneira, contribuíram com o meu enriquecimento intelectual. Sempre gostei de agradecer. E se nessa celebração, porventura, esquecer o nome de alguma ou outra pessoa, me perdoe o equívoco, saiba que a gratidão adormece no fundo do meu peito. Agradeço à Secretaria de Estado de Educação do Distrito Federal – SEE/DF – e seu órgão responsável por acompanhar as licenças de afastamento para estudo – EAPE – que ao conceder-me o afastamento remunerado e acompanhar paulatinamente o processo possibilitaram que eu me dedicasse exclusivamente à pesquisa doutoral. Agradeço ao Programa de Pós-graduação em Literatura – PÓSLIT – da Universidade de Brasília que, por meio do Departamento de Teoria Literária e Literaturas e de sua secretaria, em todas as minhas dúvidas institucionais, bem como nas requisições de documentos, nunca abdicaram de devolver em prazo rápido soluções viáveis que sempre me deixaram a contento. Agradeço a Nadja Kaiser, professora da graduação, posteriormente colega de profissão, e amiga entusiasta. Agradeço a Thayza Matos, pela amizade e a generosa empatia acadêmica, sempre me auxiliando em minhas falhas idiomáticas. Agradeço a Juliano Pirajá, por nossa relação filial de mestre e aprendiz, o brilho de suas aulas lá na graduação ainda ressoam muito em mim. Agradeço a Emile Cardoso Andrade, professora e amiga de longa data, sua verve troante me ensinou o brio de enfrentar com postura e finesse os desafios intelectuais. Agradeço a Lilian Monteiro de Castro, amiga ímpar e singular, de fina inteligência e surpreendentes conhecimentos históricos, literários e idiomáticos e, além de tudo, sofre do mal de Montano assim como eu; generosamente me ajudou nas traduções de trechos em línguas estrangeiras. Agradeço ao meu amigo-irmão Joaquim Teles de Faria, o poeta Kiko di Faria, que desde minha tenra adolescência, logo depois que papai faleceu, encontrei-o na teia do destino, e de lá para cá suas opiniões, conselhos, lições e hombridade fraterna me acompanham como sinais de perseverança contra as desesperanças da vida. Agradeço a Jhenifer Emanuely, minha doce namorada, por sua generosa paciência, o afeto e a compreensão ante o longo percurso da fase final da pesquisa, cuja natureza demandou demasiada imersão, mas que soubemos amparar com flexibilidade e imaginação. Agradeço ao professor João Vianney Cavalcante Nuto; em suas aulas muito aprendi sobre o dialogismo e a generosidade da palavra literária. Agradeço ao professor Pawel Jerzy Hejmanowski; sua leitura acurada no exame de qualificação me apontou vários caminhos para os desdobramentos da pesquisa, entre eles, o trabalho teórico de Czesław Miłosz com que pude avançar e aprofundar na investigação. Agradeço à professora Natalia Klidzio, que semelhantemente como eu descende de uma linhagem polonesa; me recebeu no estágio doutoral como professor-visitante na Universidade Maria Curie-Skłodowska e me mostrou o âmago de uma Polônia que ela apreendeu nos anos de suas vivências na terra de Chopin; sua amizade é um encontro raro no jardim dos destinos. Agradeço ao professor Sidney Barbosa, gentil-homem repleto de uma humildade invejável com que manuseia o amplo conhecimento literário de que é depositário; nossa amizade é para mim um apreço imenso e um contentamento espontâneo em razão de sua presença que se faz reconfortante desde a pesquisa do mestrado. De lá para cá as razões generosamente se fortaleceram. Agradeço especialmente e com imenso carinho ao professor Henryk Siewierski. Sua erudição é de uma natureza tão singela que entre o crítico literário, o tradutor e o poeta que nele habita, há um cordato acúmulo de beleza. Nossos destinos se cruzaram inusitadamente na arguição da defesa de mestrado, em que esteve na plateia escutando o ressoar da história mítica do meu ancestral primeiro, e de lá para cá floresceu entre a gente uma profunda amizade com saborosas tardes no Café das Letras. Mestre-amigo que acordou poeticamente a Polônia adormecida no meu peito. A poesia é a linguagem original da sociedade – paixão e sensibilidade – e por isso mesmo é a verdadeira linguagem de todas as revelações e revoluções. [...] Se a poesia foi a primeira linguagem dos homens – ou se a linguagem é, em sua essência, uma operação poética que consiste em ver o mundo como uma malha de símbolos e de relações entre esses símbolos –, toda sociedade está edificada sobre um poema; se a revolução da idade moderna consiste no movimento de volta da sociedade à sua origem, ao pacto primitivo dos iguais, essa revolução se confunde com a poesia. Octavio Paz – Os filhos do barro RESUMO: Essa tese propôs investigar, descrever, compreender e interpretar as ligações, ecos, discursos e impactos da presença do romantismo polonês na literatura romântica brasileira no período que compreende principalmente a segunda metade do século XIX e a primeira metade do século XX. A investigação visou evidenciar as relações de intertextualidade literária e trânsito cultural pouco conhecidos, no que tange o espírito artístico e literário que, em considerável medida, uniu, através da sensibilidade romântica, os anseios, os questionamentos e o desejo de liberdade evocado por ambas as culturas. Como objetivo, apontamos e interpretamos, numa máxima amplitude, o conjunto de símbolos e referências literárias provenientes da relação intertextual que organizou o trânsito cultural da Polônia para o Brasil, deixando marcas na literatura brasileira, e potencializou uma poética da relação entre as duas nações. A abordagem primou, por um lado, uma micro-história literária desse relacionamento e, por outro, uma análise comparada do corpus poético recolhido, considerando as especificidades e os modelos estruturais de cada polissistema literário em correlação que, no século das revoluções colocou as duas culturas – polonesa e brasileira – na trama da civilização. Condição que assumiu-se como um cenário relevante que, instrumentalizado pelo comparatista e crítico em literatura e associado às ferramentas conceituais dos estudos comparados literários, abriu um caminho de releitura do trânsito poético que, em sua condição de possibilidade, atuou como elo vinculante entre ambas as literaturas nacionais em questão. A hipótese desbordada foi: ecos intertextuais que recobrem a expressão romântica na materialidade da poesia amarraram ambas as literaturas nacionais – polonesa e brasileira – numa condição histórica que, para além de suas singularidades (filosóficas, históricas, políticas e sociais), inscreveram as duas culturas num similar destino, humano e profundo, de gritos de liberdade e solidariedades compartilhadas, inspirados e traduzidos na estética romântica, destino enfrentado no trabalho do poeta. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: poesia; intertextualidade; romantismo polonês; romantismo brasileiro; solidariedade. ABSTRACT: This dissertation proposed to investigate, describe, understand and interpret the connections, echoes, discourses and impacts of the presence of Polish romanticism in Brazilian romantic literature
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