Delaware River Watershed Restoration and Protection Strategy
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Delaware River Watershed Restoration And Protection Strategy May 2007 DELAWARE RIVER WATERSHED RESTORATION AND PROTECTION STRATEGY By Marlene K. Bosworth Delaware River WRAPS Coordinator April 2007 2 MISSION STATEMENT The mission of the Delaware River Watershed Restoration and Protection Strategy (WRAPS) is to provide the framework for the implementation of water quality improvement practices and behaviors through technical, informational, educational and financial assistance to stakeholders in the watershed. Our goal is to restore the watershed to a condition with clean water, healthy habitats and open spaces for human and wildlife communities. We aim to make the watershed a place where people work together to sustain mutual economic and environmental well-being. ¾ WRAPS is a “community-based” watershed management project, with the “community” being the Delaware River Watershed. Its goal is to protect and restore watershed functions while considering the social and economic factors of the human and non-human residents of the community and the benefits of those watershed functions to each. ¾ Everyone lives in a watershed and is part of a watershed community. The actions of individuals can have a positive or a negative impact on the health of natural resources (the soil, water, air, plants and animals) in their watershed. Small watersheds join together to form larger watersheds, much like many branches on a tree together form the whole tree. What happens in individual, smaller watersheds affects larger watersheds downstream. A WATERSHED is the area that water flows across or under on its way to a particular stream, river, lake or ocean. The DELAWARE RIVER WATERSHED is the area that water flows across or under on its way to the Delaware River in northeast Kansas, an area of over 1,110 square miles. The Delaware River terminates at its confluence with the Kansas River south of Perry Lake Reservoir near the city of Perry, Kansas. 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The Delaware River Watershed Restoration and Protection Strategy was made possible through sponsorship of the Glacial Hills Resource Conservation and Development Region, Inc. in Valley Falls, Kansas, Gary Satter, Director. The Kansas Department of Health & Environment has provided financial assistance to this project through an EPA Section 319 Nonpoint Source Pollution Control grant and through Kansas Water Plan funds. Special thanks to Steven A. Fischer, Water Quality Program Manager for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Kansas City District, for sharing information about water quality in Lake Perry, and assistance in editing and improving this document. Thanks to Debra Baker, Kansas Water Office, and Melissa Arthur, Kansas Association for Conservation and Environmental Education, for editing assistance. Thanks also to Mary Fund of the Kansas Rural Center for taking notes and providing assistance with stakeholder meeting minutes, and to Jim Marietta, District Conservationist for the Natural Resources Conservation Service, Jefferson County for ideas and vision in planning BMP’s for the watershed. Thanks to the many landowners, agency and local government representatives and other interested individuals who took time out of busy schedules to attend meetings, provide information and give input into the development of this Plan. 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Acronyms . 8 Abstract . 9 Map of the Delaware River Watershed . 10 DELAWARE RIVER WATERSHED RESTORATION AND PROTECTION STRATEGY Introduction . 11 Description of the Area, Delaware River Watershed, HUC 10270103 Land Area . 12 Soil Characteristics . .. 12 Land Use . 13 Agricultural Chemical Use . 13 Agricultural Crops and Livestock. 15 Demographics . 15 Perry Lake Reservoir . 17 Threatened and Endangered Species . 18 Impaired Waters in the Delaware River Watershed 303(d) Listed Waters . 20 TMDL’s in the Delaware River Watershed . 21 o Fecal Coliform Bacteria . 22 o Eutrophication . 22 o Map of 2006 High Priority TMDL Streams and Lakes . 23 o Pesticides . 24 o Ammonia . 24 o National Pollutant Discharge Elimination Systems (NPDES). 24 Water Quality Concerns in the Delaware River Watershed Identifying Water Quality Concerns . 25 The Seven Water Issues . 26 o (1) Sedimentation . 26 Perry Lake Sedimentation . 26 5 Mission Lake Sedimentation . 28 Sources of Sedimentation . 28 o (2) Nutrient Management . 29 Mission Lake Eutrophication TMDL . 30 Trophic State Index (TSI) . 31 Fish and Macroinvertebrate Indicators . 32 Nutrient Enrichment of Perry Lake . 33 o (3) Fecal Coliform Bacteria . 34 Livestock Wastes . 34 Human Wastes . 35 Wildlife Wastes . 36 o (4) Pesticides . 36 Establishment of the Nations First Pesticide Management Area (PMA) . 36 Other Pesticide Monitoring Programs . 38 Mission Lake Atrazine TMDL and Other Herbicides . 38 o (5) Household and Farmstead Hazardous Waste . 39 o (6) Water Wells . 40 Public Groundwater Supplies . 40 Private Wells . 41 o (7) Point Sources . 41 Prioritization of Water Issues, Resource Use Step One: Prioritization of the Seven Water Issue . 44 Step Two: Prioritization of Sub-Watershed . 46 Hydrologic Unit Codes (HUC) . 46 Step Three: Prioritization of Best Management Practices . 46 Monitoring, Modeling and Other Data Needs . 47 Prioritized Goals and Objectives for the Delaware River Watershed Overview and Funding . 48 Sedimentation, Stream Bank Erosion and Water Quantity . 49 Nutrient Management, Especially Nonpoint Sources of Phosphorus 55 Fecal Coliform Bacteria . 59 Pesticides in the Delaware Watershed . 63 Household and Farmstead Hazardous Waste . 66 6 Water Wells . 68 o Public Water Supply Wells . 68 o Private Water Supply Wells . 69 Point Source Pollution – Public Wastewater Treatment Plants . 72 The Outreach Plan Overview . 73 Watershed-Wide Outreach Program . 74 Outreach Related to Sedimentation . 79 Outreach Related to Nutrient Management . 81 Outreach Related to Fecal Coliform Bacteria . 83 Outreach Related to Pesticides . 85 Outreach Related to Household and Farmstead Hazardous Waste . 86 Outreach Related to Water Wells . 87 Outreach Related to Point Sources . 89 Bibliography . 90 Glossary of Terms . 92 Appendices Appendix A: Diagram of Perry Lake Storage Allocations . 95 Summary Explanation Appendix B: Threatened and Endangered Species . 98 Species in Need of Conservation (SINC) . 99 Appendix C: Designated Use of Tables . 101 Appendix D: Aerial Photos of the North End of Perry Lake Reservoir . 104 Appendix E: Source Water Assessment Data for Public Water Supplies in the Delaware Basin . 106 Appendix F: STEPL Model Maps . 108 Appendix G: Map of Watershed Monitoring Sites in the Delaware River Watershed . 114 7 ACRONYMS AND MEANINGS BOD = Biological Oxygen Demand CSP = Conservation Security Program CRP = Conservation Reserve Program EPA = Environmental Protection Agency EQIP = Environmental Quality Incentives Program FCB = Fecal Coliform Bacteria FSA = Farm Services Agency HUC = Hydrologic Unit Code KAWS = Kansas Alliance for Wetlands and Streams KBS = Kansas Biological Survey KDA = Kansas Department of Agriculture KDHE = Kansas Department of Health and Environment KDOT = Kansas Department of Transportation KDWP = Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks KFB = Kansas Farm Bureau KGS = Kansas Geological Survey KRC = Kansas Rural Center KRWA = Kansas Rural Water Association LEPP = Local Environmental Protection Program MCL = Maximum Contaminant Level (for drinking water) MSL = Mean Sea Level NASS = National Agricultural Statistics Service NEKES = Northeast Kansas Environmental Services NPDES = National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System NRCS = Natural Resources Conservation Service PF = Pheasants Forever PWS = Public Water Supply QF = Quail Forever SCC = State Conservation Commission SERVE = Service, Education, Referral, Verification and Enforcement (Program proposed by NEKES) SWA = Source Water Assessment SWPP = Source Water Protection Plan TA = Technical Assistance TBD = To Be Determined TDS = Total Dissolved Solids TMDL = Total Maximum Daily Load TSS = Total Suspended Solids USFWS = U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service WHPP = Well-Head Protection Plan 8 ABSTRACT: Watershed residents, landowners, representatives of local governments, natural resource agencies and organizations, public waters supplies and others participated in development of this Watershed Restoration and Protection Strategy (WRAPS) for the Delaware River watershed. The Delaware River WRAPS was initiated by the Glacial Hills Resource Conservation & Development Region in Valley Falls, Kansas, sponsor of the project, and funded through EPA Section 319 Nonpoint Source Pollution Control grant and Kansas Water Plan funds. The Delaware River Watershed, located in northeast Kansas, faces many challenges related to water. The first step in the WRAPS process was the identification of the most important of those challenges by stakeholders from the watershed itself. Grassroots involvement of local people and groups who live or work in the watershed to identify water problems, come up with solutions and develop a plan to address those problems, is a relatively new approach to watershed planning in Kansas. Seven major water issues were identified and prioritized by watershed stakeholders beginning in late 2005 through early 2007. These seven major water issues include, in order of priority: sedimentation, nutrient management, fecal coliform bacteria contamination, pesticide contamination, household hazardous wastes, water wells, and point sources of pollution. Major objectives related to these issues include reduction of sediment loads to streams and lakes by stabilization of stream banks and reduction of erosion from cropland and grassland; reduction of phosphorus levels in major lakes in the watershed; reduction of bacterial contamination of water from human and livestock wastes; reduction of pesticide contamination from both urban and agricultural sources; establishment of household hazardous.