Reimagining City’s Underutilized Building Stock and Infrastructure

8th Conference of the International Forum Urbanism

Catherine Park

Photo by Miru Kim THE UNEMPLOYMENT RATE IN THE U.S. DURING 1910 ~ 1960 (Estimatd) ’S HISTORICAL POPULATION 9M - 1.4 % Loss of Population 8.4 M 1960

30% 8M 7 M +25% 25% 7M Unemployment Rate Great Depression - 10.4 % Loss of Population 1980 20% 6M

15% 5M +126.8% Growing of Population 3.4 M 10% 4M 1900

5% 3M

GREAT DEPRESSION 1929 ~ 1939 0% 2M

1.5 M WORLD WAR II 1914 ~ 1918 1939 ~ 1945

1M

0

1698 1712 1723 1737 1746 1756 1771 1790 1800 1810 1820 1830 1840 1850 1860 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2014

Data Sources: United State Census Bureau. Retrieved March 30, 2015 COTTON, WOOL GARMENT INDUSTRY ENGLAND STANDARD OIL OIL INDUSTRY CLEVELAND, OHIO

U.S. STEEL STEEL INDUSTRY , PA

RAW- CANE SUGAR REFINING CARIBBEAN REGION

U.S. REGION NEW YORK STATE MANUFACTURING FACILITIES RAILROAD I RAILROAD II RAILROAD III RAW-MATERIAL ROUTES RAILROAD EXPANSION 1920s Data Source : U.S. Department of Transportation COTTON, WOOL GARMENT INDUSTRY ENGLAND STANDARD OIL OIL INDUSTRY CLEVELAND, OHIO

U.S. STEEL STEEL INDUSTRY PITTSBURGH, PA

RAW-SUGAR CANE SUGAR REFINING CARIBBEAN REGION

U.S. REGION NEW YORK STATE MANUFACTURING FACILITIES RAILROAD I RAILROAD II RAILROAD III RAW-MATERIAL ROUTES RAILROAD EXPANSION 1920s Data Source : U.S. Department of Transportation COTTON, WOOL GARMENT INDUSTRY ENGLAND STANDARD OIL OIL INDUSTRY CLEVELAND, OHIO

U.S. STEEL STEEL INDUSTRY PITTSBURGH, PA

RAW-SUGAR CANE SUGAR REFINING CARIBBEAN REGION

U.S. REGION NEW YORK STATE MANUFACTURING FACILITIES RAILROAD I RAILROAD II RAILROAD III RAW-MATERIAL ROUTES RAILROAD EXPANSION 1920s Data Source : U.S. Department of Transportation COTTON, WOOL GARMENT INDUSTRY ENGLAND STANDARD OIL OIL INDUSTRY CLEVELAND, OHIO

U.S. STEEL STEEL INDUSTRY PITTSBURGH, PA

RAW-SUGAR CANE SUGAR REFINING CARIBBEAN REGION

U.S. REGION U.S. REGION NEW YORK STATE NEW YORK STATE MANUFACTURING FACILITIES SUBURBIA RAILROAD I 3RD INTERSTATE RAILROAD II INTERSTATE HIGHWAY RAILROAD III 2ND INTERSTATE RAW-MATERIAL ROUTES RAILROAD EXPANSION 1920s Data Source : U.S. Department of Transportation INTERSTATE HIGHWAY EXPANSION 1950s Data Source : U.S. Department of Transportation U.S. REGION NEW YORK STATE SUBURBIA 3RD INTERSTATE INTERSTATE HIGHWAY 2ND INTERSTATE

INTERSTATE HIGHWAY EXPANSION 1950s Data Source : U.S. Department of Transportation FREEWAY SYSTEM FREEWAY SYSTEM AUTOMIBILE AUTOMIBILE , MICHIGAN DETROIT, MICHIGAN

SUBURBIA SUBURBIA LEVITTOWN TOWN LEVITTOWN TOWN NORTHEAST CORRIDOR NASSAU, NEW YORK NORTHEAST CORRIDOR NASSAU, NEW YORK INTERSTATE 95 INTERSTATE 95 , PA PHILADELPHIA, PA

U.S. REGION U.S. REGION NEW YORK STATE NEW YORK STATE SUBURBIA SUBURBIA 3RD INTERSTATE 3RD INTERSTATE INTERSTATE HIGHWAY INTERSTATE HIGHWAY 2ND INTERSTATE 2ND INTERSTATE

INTERSTATE HIGHWAY EXPANSION 1950s Data Source : U.S. Department of Transportation INTERSTATE HIGHWAY EXPANSION 1950s Data Source : U.S. Department of Transportation FREEWAY SYSTEM FREEWAY SYSTEM AUTOMIBILE AUTOMIBILE DETROIT, MICHIGAN DETROIT, MICHIGAN

SUBURBIA SUBURBIA LEVITTOWN TOWN LEVITTOWN TOWN NORTHEAST CORRIDOR NASSAU, NEW YORK NORTHEAST CORRIDOR NASSAU, NEW YORK INTERSTATE 95 INTERSTATE 95 PHILADELPHIA, PA PHILADELPHIA, PA

U.S. REGION U.S. REGION NEW YORK STATE NEW YORK STATE SUBURBIA SUBURBIA 3RD INTERSTATE 3RD INTERSTATE INTERSTATE HIGHWAY INTERSTATE HIGHWAY 2ND INTERSTATE 2ND INTERSTATE

INTERSTATE HIGHWAY EXPANSION 1950s Data Source : U.S. Department of Transportation INTERSTATE HIGHWAY EXPANSION 1950s Data Source : U.S. Department of Transportation 3.6% Industrial / Manufacturing 5,498 Acres

High Way Road Industrial / Manufacturing Open Space Transportation / Utility Vacant Lot No Data Identifying Under-utilized Structure, Abandoned Lots, and dormant Infrastructure in the Five Boroughs 5 Boroughs Source: Department of City Planning City of New York 3.6% 3.6% Industrial / Manufacturing Industrial / Manufacturing 5,498 Acres 5,498 Acres

7.1% Transportation / Utility 10,907 Acres

High Way Road High Way Road Industrial / Manufacturing Industrial / Manufacturing Open Space Open Space Transportation / Utility Transportation / Utility Vacant Lot Vacant Lot No Data Identifying Under-utilized Structure, Abandoned Lots, and dormant Infrastructure in the Five Boroughs No Data Identifying Under-utilized Structure, Abandoned Lots, and dormant Infrastructure in the Five Boroughs 5 Boroughs 5 Boroughs Source: Department of City Planning City of New York Source: Department of City Planning City of New York INDUSTRIAL 27% 51% Open Space Lot Area of ’s 41,466 Acres Land Area 3.6% 3.6% Industrial / Manufacturing Industrial / Manufacturing 5,498 Acres 5,498 Acres

Manhattan 10,877 Acres 7.1% 7.1% Transportation / Utility Transportation / Utility 10,907 Acres 10,907 Acres

High Way Road High Way Road Industrial / Manufacturing Industrial / Manufacturing Open Space Open Space Transportation / Utility Transportation / Utility Vacant Lot Vacant Lot No Data Identifying Under-utilized Structure, Abandoned Lots, and dormant Infrastructure in the Five Boroughs No Data Identifying Under-utilized Structure, Abandoned Lots, and dormant Infrastructure in the Five Boroughs 5 Boroughs 5 Boroughs Source: Department of City Planning City of New York Source: Department of City Planning City of New York INDUSTRIAL 27% 51% Open Space Lot Area of Manhattan’s 41,466 Acres Land Area 3.6% Industrial / Manufacturing 5,498 Acres

Manhattan 10,877 Acres 7.1% Transportation / Utility 10,907 Acres

High Way Road Industrial / Manufacturing Open Space Transportation / Utility Vacant Lot No Data Identifying Under-utilized Structure, Abandoned Lots, and dormant Infrastructure in the Five Boroughs 5 Boroughs Source: Department of City Planning City of New York 5.8% 5.8% Vacant Lot Vacant Lot 8,902 Acres 8,902 Acres

1.8% No Data 2,745 Acres

100% 5 Borough Land Area 153,605 Acres

VACANT LOT + NO DATA Manhattan 10,877 Acres 107% of Manhattan’s

High Way Road High Way Road Land Area Industrial / Manufacturing Industrial / Manufacturing Open Space Open Space Transportation / Utility Transportation / Utility Vacant Lot Vacant Lot No Data Identifying Under-utilized Structure, Abandoned Lots, and dormant Infrastructure in the Five Boroughs No Data Identifying Under-utilized Structure, Abandoned Lots, and dormant Infrastructure in the Five Boroughs 5 Boroughs 5 Boroughs Source: Department of City Planning City of New York Source: Department of City Planning City of New York 5.8% Vacant Lot 8,902 Acres

1.8% No Data 2,745 Acres

100% 5 Borough Land Area 153,605 Acres

VACANT LOT + NO DATA Manhattan 10,877 Acres 107% of Manhattan’s

High Way Road Land Area Industrial / Manufacturing Open Space Transportation / Utility Vacant Lot No Data Identifying Under-utilized Structure, Abandoned Lots, and dormant Infrastructure in the Five Boroughs 5 Boroughs Source: Department of City Planning City of New York INDUSTRIAL 51% of Manhattan’s Land Area

3.6% 5.8% Industrial / Manufacturing Vacant Lot 5,498 Acres 8,902 Acres

Manhattan 10,877 Acres 1.8% 7.1% No Data Transportation / Utility 2,745 Acres 10,907 Acres 100% 5 Borough Land Area 153,605 Acres

VACANT LOT + NO DATA Manhattan 10,877 Acres 107% of Manhattan’s

High Way Road Land Area Industrial / Manufacturing Open Space Transportation / Utility Vacant Lot No Data Identifying Under-utilized Structure, Abandoned Lots, and dormant Infrastructure in the Five Boroughs 5 Boroughs Source: Department of City Planning City of New York INDUSTRIAL INDUSTRIAL 27% 51% 51% Open Space Lot Area of Manhattan’s of Manhattan’s 41,466 Acres Land Area Land Area

3.6% 5.8% 3.6% 5.8% Industrial / Manufacturing Vacant Lot Industrial / Manufacturing Vacant Lot 5,498 Acres 8,902 Acres 5,498 Acres 8,902 Acres

Manhattan Manhattan 10,877 Acres 10,877 Acres 1.8% 1.8% 7.1% No Data 7.1% No Data Transportation / Utility 2,745 Acres Transportation / Utility 2,745 Acres 10,907 Acres 10,907 Acres 100% 100% 5 Borough Land Area 5 Borough Land Area 153,605 Acres 153,605 Acres

VACANT LOT + NO DATA VACANT LOT + NO DATA Manhattan Manhattan 10,877 Acres 107% 10,877 Acres 107% of Manhattan’s of Manhattan’s

High Way Road Land Area High Way Road Land Area Industrial / Manufacturing Industrial / Manufacturing Open Space Open Space Transportation / Utility Transportation / Utility Vacant Lot Vacant Lot No Data Identifying Under-utilized Structure, Abandoned Lots, and dormant Infrastructure in the Five Boroughs No Data Identifying Under-utilized Structure, Abandoned Lots, and dormant Infrastructure in the Five Boroughs 5 Boroughs 5 Boroughs Source: Department of City Planning City of New York Source: Department of City Planning City of New York 16 18

19 11

14 9

17 8

7 15 3 2 12 13 5 1

23 4

21

22 10 24 6

20

Unused Track Unused Track Subway (8 Track) Subway (8 Track) Subway Subway Interstate Highway Interstate Highway Transportation / Utility Transportation / Utility New York City’s Potential Repurposing of Selected Underutilized Resources Abandoned Space New York City’s Potential Repurposing of Selected Underutilized Resources Abandoned Space 5 Boroughs 5 Boroughs

Source: Department of City Planning City of New York, Abandoned NYC, New York MTA Source: Department of City Planning City of New York, Abandoned NYC, New York MTA 16 18

19 11

14 9

17 8

7 15 3 2 12 13 5 1

23 4

21

22 10 24 6

20

Unused Track Subway (8 Track) Subway Interstate Highway Transportation / Utility New York City’s Potential Repurposing of Selected Underutilized Resources Abandoned Space 5 Boroughs

Source: Department of City Planning City of New York, Abandoned NYC, New York MTA SEDGWICK STATION 2 PLATFORMS UN-USED FROM, 1958 JEROME STATION 1 PLATFORM UN-USED FROM, 1958

16 16 18 18 96 ST STATION 2 PLATFORMS UN-USED FROM, 1956

19 91 ST STATION 19 2 PLATFORMS 11 UN-USED FROM, 1959 11

LEXINGTON AVE 2 PLATFORMS, NEVER COMPLETED UN-USED FROM, 1976

18 ST STATION 2 PLATFORMS UN-USED FROM, 1948 WORTH ST STATION 2 PLATFORMS 14 9 14 9 UN-USED FROM, 1962 TROLLEYS TERMINAL WILLIAMSBURG, 8 LOOP TRACKS CITY HALL STATION UN-USED FROM, 1948 17 TURNING LOOP 17 UN-USED FROM, DEC 1945 8 8 COURT ST STATION 2 PLATFORMS, TRANSIT MUSEUM UN-USED FROM, 1946 15 7 15 76 ST STATION 7 2 PLATFORMS, 4 TRACKWAYS 3 3 UN-USED FROM, 1946 2 12 2 MYRTLE AVE STATION 12 1 PLATFORM 13 5 UN-USED FROM, 1956 13 5 1 1

23 4 23 4

21 21

22 22 10 10 24 24 6 6

20 20

Unused Track Unused Track Subway (8 Track) Subway (8 Track) Subway Subway Interstate Highway Interstate Highway Transportation / Utility Transportation / Utility New York City’s Potential Repurposing of Selected Underutilized Resources Abandoned Space New York City’s Potential Repurposing of Selected Underutilized Resources Abandoned Space 5 Boroughs 5 Boroughs

Source: Department of City Planning City of New York, Abandoned NYC, New York MTA Source: Department of City Planning City of New York, Abandoned NYC, New York MTA SEDGWICK STATION 2 PLATFORMS UN-USED FROM, 1958 JEROME STATION 1 PLATFORM UN-USED FROM, 1958

16 18

96 ST STATION 2 PLATFORMS UN-USED FROM, 1956

91 ST STATION 19 2 PLATFORMS UN-USED FROM, 1959 11

LEXINGTON AVE 2 PLATFORMS, NEVER COMPLETED UN-USED FROM, 1976

18 ST STATION 2 PLATFORMS UN-USED FROM, 1948 WORTH ST STATION 2 PLATFORMS 14 9 UN-USED FROM, 1962 TROLLEYS TERMINAL WILLIAMSBURG, 8 LOOP TRACKS CITY HALL STATION UN-USED FROM, 1948 TURNING LOOP 17 UN-USED FROM, DEC 1945 8 COURT ST STATION 2 PLATFORMS, TRANSIT MUSEUM UN-USED FROM, 1946 7 15 76 ST STATION 2 PLATFORMS, 4 TRACKWAYS 3 UN-USED FROM, 1946

2 MYRTLE AVE STATION 12 1 PLATFORM UN-USED FROM, 1956 13 5 1

23 4

21

22 10 24 6

20

Unused Track Subway (8 Track) Subway Interstate Highway Transportation / Utility New York City’s Potential Repurposing of Selected Underutilized Resources Abandoned Space 5 Boroughs

Source: Department of City Planning City of New York, Abandoned NYC, New York MTA BRONX

19. NORTH BROTHER ISLAND

16 18

19 11

QUEENS MANHATTAN

9. CREEDMOOR HOSPITAL 16. THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE 10. DUBOS POINT BALLROOM 11. FORT TOTTEN PARK 17. WESTSIDE HIGHWAY DINNER 12. HOUDINI’S GRAVE 18. HARLEM’S P.S.186 14 9 13. ROCKAWAY BRANCH 14. CORONA PARK 15. QUEENSWAY 17 8

7 15 3 2 12 13 5 1

23 4 STATEN ISLAND 21

20. ARTHUR KILL GRAVEY YARD 1. BATCAVE, GOWANUS 21. BAYLEY SETON HOSPITAL 2. RED HOOK WAREHOUSE 22. FORT WADSWORTH 22 3. PUMP HOUSE 23. MARINER’S MARSH 10 4. LOEW’S 46TH ST THEATER 24. FARM COLONY (HOSPITAL) 24 5. RED HOOK GRAIN TERMINAL 6. GRAVESEND PARK 6 7. BROOKLYN ARMY TERMINAL 8. DOMINO

20

Unused Track Subway (8 Track) Subway Interstate Highway Transportation / Utility New York City’s Potential Repurposing of Selected Underutilized Resources Abandoned Space 5 Boroughs

Source: Department of City Planning City of New York, Abandoned NYC, New York MTA