A Species Action Plan for Four Imperiled Beach-Nesting Birds
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American Oystercatcher
Maine 2015 Wildlife Action Plan Revision Report Date: January 13, 2016 Haematopus palliatus (American Oystercatcher) Priority 3 Species of Greatest Conservation Need (SGCN) Class: Aves (Birds) Order: Charadriiformes (Plovers, Sandpipers, And Allies) Family: Haematopodidae (Oystercatchers) General comments: First nesting record in Maine - 1994. 4 - 8 breeding pairs in Maine, range expansion, Northern Atlantic population 11,000 and considered stable. Listed as Critical risk category because of high vulnerability to climate change - Gilbrathe et al. 2014. Species Conservation Range Maps for American Oystercatcher: Town Map: Haematopus palliatus_Towns.pdf Subwatershed Map: Haematopus palliatus_HUC12.pdf SGCN Priority Ranking - Designation Criteria: Risk of Extirpation: NA State Special Concern or NMFS Species of Concern: Haematopus palliatus is listed as a species of Special Concern in Maine. Recent Significant Declines: NA Regional Endemic: NA High Regional Conservation Priority: United States Shorebird Conservation Plan: Species of High Concern North Atlantic Regional Shorebird Plan: Highly Imperiled United States Birds of Conservation Concern: Bird of Conservation Concern in Bird Conservation Regions 14 and/or 30: Yes High Climate Change Vulnerability: Vulnerability: 3, Confidence: High, Reviewers: Decided in Workshop (W) Understudied rare taxa: NA Historical: NA Culturally Significant: NA Habitats Assigned to American Oystercatcher: Formation Name Cliff & Rock Macrogroup Name Rocky Coast Formation Name Intertidal Macrogroup Name Intertidal -
Black Oystercatcher
Alaska Species Ranking System - Black Oystercatcher Black Oystercatcher Class: Aves Order: Charadriiformes Haematopus bachmani Review Status: Peer-reviewed Version Date: 08 April 2019 Conservation Status NatureServe: Agency: G Rank:G5 ADF&G: Species of Greatest Conservation Need IUCN: Audubon AK: S Rank: S2S3B,S2 USFWS: Bird of Conservation Concern BLM: Final Rank Conservation category: V. Orange unknown status and either high biological vulnerability or high action need Category Range Score Status -20 to 20 0 Biological -50 to 50 11 Action -40 to 40 -4 Higher numerical scores denote greater concern Status - variables measure the trend in a taxon’s population status or distribution. Higher status scores denote taxa with known declining trends. Status scores range from -20 (increasing) to 20 (decreasing). Score Population Trend in Alaska (-10 to 10) 0 Suspected stable (ASG 2019; Cushing et al. 2018), but data are limited and do not encompass this species' entire range. We therefore rank this question as Unknown. Distribution Trend in Alaska (-10 to 10) 0 Unknown. Habitat is dynamic and subject to change as a result of geomorphic and glacial processes. For example, numbers expanded on Middleton Island after the 1964 earthquake (Gill et al. 2004). Status Total: 0 Biological - variables measure aspects of a taxon’s distribution, abundance and life history. Higher biological scores suggest greater vulnerability to extirpation. Biological scores range from -50 (least vulnerable) to 50 (most vulnerable). Score Population Size in Alaska (-10 to 10) -2 Uncertain. The global population is estimated at 11,000 individuals, of which 45%-70% breed in Alaska (ASG 2019). -
CHAPTER 1 General Introduction 1.1 Shorebirds in Australia Shorebirds
CHAPTER 1 General introduction 1.1 Shorebirds in Australia Shorebirds, sometimes referred to as waders, are birds that rely on coastal beaches, shorelines, estuaries and mudflats, or inland lakes, lagoons and the like for part of, and in some cases all of, their daily and annual requirements, i.e. food and shelter, breeding habitat. They are of the suborder Charadrii and include the curlews, snipe, plovers, sandpipers, stilts, oystercatchers and a number of other species, making up a diverse group of birds. Within Australia, shorebirds account for 10% of all bird species (Lane 1987) and in New South Wales (NSW), this figure increases marginally to 11% (Smith 1991). Of these shorebirds, 45% rely exclusively on coastal habitat (Smith 1991). The majority, however, are either migratory or vagrant species, leaving only five resident species that will permanently inhabit coastal shorelines/beaches within Australia. Australian resident shorebirds include the Beach Stone-curlew (Esacus neglectus), Hooded Plover (Charadrius rubricollis), Red- capped Plover (Charadrius ruficapillus), Australian Pied Oystercatcher (Haematopus longirostris) and Sooty Oystercatcher (Haematopus fuliginosus) (Smith 1991, Priest et al. 2002). These species are generally classified as ‘beach-nesting’, nesting on sandy ocean beaches, sand spits and sand islands within estuaries. However, the Sooty Oystercatcher is an island-nesting species, using rocky shores of near- and offshore islands rather than sandy beaches. The plovers may also nest by inland salt lakes. Shorebirds around the globe have become increasingly threatened with the pressure of predation, competition, human encroachment and disturbance and global warming. Populations of birds breeding in coastal areas which also support a burgeoning human population are under the highest threat. -
Trophic Facilitation by the Oystercatcher Haematopus Palliatus Temminick on the Scavenger Snail Buccinanops Globulosum Kiener in a Patagonian Bay
Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 325 (2005) 27–34 www.elsevier.com/locate/jembe Trophic facilitation by the oystercatcher Haematopus palliatus Temminick on the scavenger snail Buccinanops globulosum Kiener in a Patagonian bay Pedro Daleoa,b,*, Mauricio Escapab,c, Juan Pablo Isaccha,b, Pablo Ribeiroa,b, Oscar Iribarnea,b aDepartamento de Biologı´a (FCEyN), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Funes 3250, CC 573 Correo Central, B7600WAG, Mar del Plata, Argentina bConsejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientı´ficas y Te´cnicas (CONICET), Argentina cInstituto Argentino de Oceanografı´a (IADO), Argentina Received 25 August 2004; received in revised form 4 April 2005; accepted 7 April 2005 Abstract This study investigated the role of the American oystercatcher (Haematopus palliatus) as a resource subsidizer for the scavenger snail Buccinanops globulosum in a northern Patagonian bay (40845VS, 64856VW, San Antonio Bay, Argentina). The most frequent food item for the snails was dead crabs Cyrtograpsus angulatus Dana, and the snails preferred this item. In the field, most dead crabs (78%) resulted from oystercatcher predation. Field densities of dead crabs were within the 95% confidence limits of the estimated densities produced by oystercatcher foraging activity, suggesting that a large proportion of carrion available for snails is a byproduct of oystercatcher predation. Dead crabs with injuries were more rapidly detected and consumed by snails, probably because injuries produced by oystercatchers increase leakage of body fluids and facilitate penetration of the proboscis of the snails. Our results suggest that oystercatcher predation subsidize this scavenger snail by increasing availability of food, decreasing variability in their provision and facilitating their consumption. -
List of Shorebird Profiles
List of Shorebird Profiles Pacific Central Atlantic Species Page Flyway Flyway Flyway American Oystercatcher (Haematopus palliatus) •513 American Avocet (Recurvirostra americana) •••499 Black-bellied Plover (Pluvialis squatarola) •488 Black-necked Stilt (Himantopus mexicanus) •••501 Black Oystercatcher (Haematopus bachmani)•490 Buff-breasted Sandpiper (Tryngites subruficollis) •511 Dowitcher (Limnodromus spp.)•••485 Dunlin (Calidris alpina)•••483 Hudsonian Godwit (Limosa haemestica)••475 Killdeer (Charadrius vociferus)•••492 Long-billed Curlew (Numenius americanus) ••503 Marbled Godwit (Limosa fedoa)••505 Pacific Golden-Plover (Pluvialis fulva) •497 Red Knot (Calidris canutus rufa)••473 Ruddy Turnstone (Arenaria interpres)•••479 Sanderling (Calidris alba)•••477 Snowy Plover (Charadrius alexandrinus)••494 Spotted Sandpiper (Actitis macularia)•••507 Upland Sandpiper (Bartramia longicauda)•509 Western Sandpiper (Calidris mauri) •••481 Wilson’s Phalarope (Phalaropus tricolor) ••515 All illustrations in these profiles are copyrighted © George C. West, and used with permission. To view his work go to http://www.birchwoodstudio.com. S H O R E B I R D S M 472 I Explore the World with Shorebirds! S A T R ER G S RO CHOOLS P Red Knot (Calidris canutus) Description The Red Knot is a chunky, medium sized shorebird that measures about 10 inches from bill to tail. When in its breeding plumage, the edges of its head and the underside of its neck and belly are orangish. The bird’s upper body is streaked a dark brown. It has a brownish gray tail and yellow green legs and feet. In the winter, the Red Knot carries a plain, grayish plumage that has very few distinctive features. Call Its call is a low, two-note whistle that sometimes includes a churring “knot” sound that is what inspired its name. -
Fish Prey of the Black Skimmer Rynchops Niger at Mar Chiquita, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina
199 FISH PREY OF THE BLACK SKIMMER RYNCHOPS NIGER AT MAR CHIQUITA, BUENOS AIRES PROVINCE, ARGENTINA ROCÍO MARIANO-JELICICH, MARCO FAVERO & MARÍA PATRICIA SILVA Laboratorio de Vertebrados, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Funes 3250 (B76002AYJ), Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina ([email protected]) Received 13 September 2002, accepted 20 February 2003 SUMMARY MARIANO-JELICICH, R., FAVERO, M. & SILVA, M.P. 2003. Fish prey of the Black Skimmer Rynchops niger at Mar Chiquita, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. Marine Ornithology 31: 199-202. We studied the diet of the Black Skimmer Rynchops niger during the non-breeding season (austral summer-autumn 2000) by analyzing 1034 regurgitated pellets from Mar Chiquita, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. Fish was the main prey, with five species identified: Odontesthes argentinensis, O. incisa, Anchoa marinii, Engraulis anchoita and Pomatomus saltatrix. O. incisa and O. argentinensis were present in all the sampled months, showing also larger values of occurrence, numerical abundance and importance by mass than other items. The average size of the fish was 73±17 mm in length and 2.2±1.7 g in mass. Significant differences were observed in the comparison of the occurrence, importance by number and by mass throughout the study period. The presence of fish in the diet of the Black Skimmer coincides with a study carried out on the North American subspecies. Our analysis of the diet suggests that skimmers use both estuarine and marine areas when foraging. Keywords: Black Skimmer, Rynchops niger,Argentina, South America, diet INTRODUCTION METHODS Black Skimmers Rynchops niger are known by the morphological Study area characteristics of the bill and their particular feeding technique, We studied the diet of Black Skimmers by analyzing 1034 skimming over the water surface to catch fish and other prey. -
List of Species Likely to Benefit from Marine Protected Areas in The
Appendix C: Species Likely to Benefit from MPAs andSpecial-Status Species This appendix contains two sections: C.1 Species likely to benefit from marine protected areas in the MLPA South Coast Study Region C.2 Special status species likely to occur in the MLPA South Coast Study Region C.1 Species Likely to Benefit From MPAs The Marine Life Protection Act requires that species likely to benefit from MPAs be identified; identification of these species will contribute to the identification of habitat areas that will support achieving the goals of the MLPA. The California Marine Life Protection Act Master Plan for Marine Protected Areas (DFG 2008) includes a broad list of species likely to benefit from protection within MPAs. The master plan also indicates that regional lists will be developed by the MLPA Master Plan Science Advisory Team (SAT) for each study region described in the master plan. A list of species likely to benefit for the MLPA South Coast Study Region (Point Conception in Santa Barbara County to the California/Mexico border in San Diego County) has been compiled and approved by the SAT. The SAT used a scoring system to develop the list of species likely to benefit. This scoring system was developed to provide a metric that is more useful when comparing species than a simple on/off the list metric. Each species was scored using “1” to indicate a criterion was met or “0” to indicate a criterion was not met. Species on the list meet the following filtering criteria: they occur in the study region, they must score a “1” for either -
Piping Plover Fact Sheet
WILDLIFE IN CONNECTICUT STATE THREATENED SPECIES PIPING PLOVER Charadrius melodus Background Carolina to Texas and into eastern Mexico and the In the late 1800s, unrestricted market hunting for Caribbean. the millinery (hat) trade devastated the piping plover Description population on the Atlantic Coast. Not only were the feathers used to adorn women’s hats, but the birds were Piping plovers are white below and creamy brown above, also used for human consumption. Following passage of the color of dry sand. During the breeding season, the Migratory Bird Treaty Act in 1918, the piping plover they have a single black neck band that is sometimes population recovered to a 20th century peak in the incomplete and a black bar above the white forehead. 1940s, only to decline again as human development and This black neck band is completely lacking in winter. recreational use greatly intensified in coastal habitats. The primary feathers are dark brown, while the rump is The population decline led to federal Endangered white, contrasting with the brown back and tail, which Species Act protection in 1986 and Connecticut are very conspicuous in the bird’s distraction display. The Endangered Species Act Protection in 1992. bill is orange with a black tip; the feet are also orange. Adult piping plovers typically weigh between 1.5 to 2.25 The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service recognizes 3 ounces, and measure in length from 6 to 7 inches with a populations of piping plovers – the Atlantic Coast (which wingspan of 14 to 15.25 inches. includes Connecticut), Great Lakes, and Northern Great Plains. -
Inventory of Terns, Laughing Gulls, and Black Skimmers Nesting in Massachusetts in 2010
INVENTORY OF TERNS, LAUGHING GULLS, AND BLACK SKIMMERS NESTING IN MASSACHUSETTS IN 2010 Juvenile Roseate Tern, Massachusetts. Prepared by: Carolyn S. Mostello Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife Natural Heritage and Endangered Species Program Rte. 135, Westborough, MA 01581 August 2011 Abstract Cooperators in Massachusetts surveyed more than 141 coastal sites in 2010 for the presence of breeding Roseate Terns (Sterna dougallii), Common Terns (Sterna hirundo), Arctic Terns (Sterna paradisaea), Least Terns (Sternula antillarum), Laughing Gulls (Larus atricilla), and Black Skimmers (Rhynchops niger). Eighty sites were occupied by nesting birds of one or more of these species. Roseate Terns increased 4.0% to 1,393 pairs. Common Terns and Least Terns were stable at 16,224 and 3,484 pairs, respectively. Laughing Gulls decreased 23.3% to 1,249 pairs. Five pairs of Black Skimmers nested during the peak of the season and three pairs nested late. Two-and-a-half pairs of Arctic Terns nested during the peak. Introduction Coastal waterbirds are a vulnerable group of species. Of Massachusetts’ four nesting tern species, the Common Tern, the Least Tern and the Arctic Tern are listed as “Special Concern” pursuant to the Massachusetts Endangered Species Act. The Roseate Tern is listed as “Endangered” pursuant to both the Massachusetts and U.S. Endangered Species Acts. Terns, Laughing Gulls, and Black Skimmers in Massachusetts are protected and monitored by an extensive network of cooperators throughout the state. These cooperators provide census data and other reproductive information to the Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife (MDFW). This allows wildlife managers to determine abundance and status of, and threats to, these species. -
Watershed Summaries
Appendix A: Watershed Summaries Preface California’s watersheds supply water for drinking, recreation, industry, and farming and at the same time provide critical habitat for a wide variety of animal species. Conceptually, a watershed is any sloping surface that sheds water, such as a creek, lake, slough or estuary. In southern California, rapid population growth in watersheds has led to increased conflict between human users of natural resources, dramatic loss of native diversity, and a general decline in the health of ecosystems. California ranks second in the country in the number of listed endangered and threatened aquatic species. This Appendix is a “working” database that can be supplemented in the future. It provides a brief overview of information on the major hydrological units of the South Coast, and draws from the following primary sources: • The California Rivers Assessment (CARA) database (http://www.ice.ucdavis.edu/newcara) provides information on large-scale watershed and river basin statistics; • Information on the creeks and watersheds for the ESU of the endangered southern steelhead trout from the National Marine Fisheries Service (http://swr.ucsd.edu/hcd/SoCalDistrib.htm); • Watershed Plans from the Regional Water Quality Control Boards (RWQCB) that provide summaries of existing hydrological units for each subregion of the south coast (http://www.swrcb.ca.gov/rwqcbs/index.html); • General information on the ecology of the rivers and watersheds of the south coast described in California’s Rivers and Streams: Working -
Black Oystercatcher Foraging Hollenberg and Demers 35
Black Oystercatcher foraging Hollenberg and Demers 35 Black Oystercatcher (Haematopus bachmani) foraging on varnish clams (Nuttallia obscurata) in Nanaimo, British Columbia Emily J. R. Hollenberg 1 and Eric Demers 2 1 4063905 Quadra St., Victoria, B.C., V8X 1J1; email: [email protected] 2 Corresponding author: Biology Department, Vancouver Island University, 900 Fifth St., Nanaimo, B.C., V9R 5S5; email: [email protected] Abstract: In this study, we investigated whether Black Oystercatchers (Haematopus bachmani) feed on the recently intro duced varnish clam (Nuttallia obscurata), and whether they selectively feed on specific size classes of varnish clams. Sur veys were conducted at Piper’s Lagoon and Departure Bay in Nanaimo, British Columbia, between October 2013 and February 2014. Foraging oystercatchers were observed, and the number and size of varnish clams consumed were recor ded. We also determined the density and size of varnish clams available at both sites using quadrats. Our results indicate that Black Oystercatchers consumed varnish clams at both sites, although feeding rates differed slightly between sites. We also found that oystercatchers consumed almost the full range of available clam sizes, with little evidence for sizeselective foraging. We conclude that Black Oystercatchers can successfully exploit varnish clams and may obtain a significant part of their daily energy requirements from this nonnative species. Key Words: Black Oystercatcher, Haematopus bachmani, varnish clam, Nuttallia obscurata, foraging, Nanaimo. Hollenberg, E.J.R. and E. Demers. 2017. Black Oystercatcher (Haematopus bachmani) foraging on varnish clams (Nuttallia obscurata) in Nanaimo, British Columbia. British Columbia Birds 27:35–41. Campbell et al. -
California Least Tern (Sternula Antillarum Browni)
California least tern (Sternula antillarum browni) 5-Year Review Summary and Evaluation u.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Carlsbad Fish and Wildlife Office Carlsbad, California September 2006 5-YEARREVIEW California least tern (Sternula antillarum browni) TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. GENERAL INFORMATION 1 1.1. REVIEWERS 1 1.2. METHODOLOGY USED TO COMPLETE THE REVIEW: 1 1.3. BACKGROUND: 1 2. REVIEW ANALYSIS 2 2.1. ApPLICATION OF THE 1996 DISTINCT POPULATION SEGMENT (DPS) POLICY 2 2.2. RECOVERY CRITERIA 2 2.3. UPDATED INFORMATION AND CURRENT SPECIES STATUS 5 2.4. SyNTHESIS 22 3. RESULTS 22 3.1. RECOMMENDED CLASSIFICATION 22 3.2. NEW RECOVERY PRIORITY NUMBER 22 3.3. LISTING AND RECLASSIFICATION PRIORITY NUMBER, IF RECLASSIFICATION IS RECOMMENDED 23 4.0 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE ACTIONS 23 5.0 REFERENCES •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 24 11 5-YEAR REVIEW California least tern (Sternula antillarum browni) 1. GENERAL INFORMATION 1.1. Reviewers Lead Region: Diane Elam and Mary Grim, California-Nevada Operations Office, 916- 414-6464 Lead Field Office: Jim A. Bartel, Carlsbad Fish and Wildlife Service, 760-431-9440 1.2. Metnodoiogy used to complete the review: This review was compiled by staffofthe Carlsbad Fish and Wildlife Office (CFWO). The review was completed using documents from office files as well as available literature on the California least tern. 1.3. Background: 1.3.1. FR Notice citation announcing initiation of this review: The notice announcing the initiation ofthis 5-year review and opening ofthe first comment period for 60 days was published on July 7, 2005 (70 FR 39327). A notice reopening the comment period for 60 days was published on November 3, 2005 (70 FR 66842).