Extinction of Fish-Shaped Marine Reptiles Associated with Reduced
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Resetting the Evolution of Marine Reptiles at the Triassic-Jurassic Boundary
Resetting the evolution of marine reptiles at the Triassic-Jurassic boundary Philippa M. Thorne, Marcello Ruta, and Michael J. Benton1 School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1RJ, United Kingdom Edited by Neil Shubin, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, and accepted by the Editorial Board March 30, 2011 (received for review December 18, 2010) Ichthyosaurs were important marine predators in the Early Jurassic, life, swimming with lateral undulations of the tail and steering and an abundant and diverse component of Mesozoic marine with elongate fore paddles and producing live young at sea. ecosystems. Despite their ecological importance, however, the After the Tr-J bottleneck, ichthyosaurs apparently did not Early Jurassic species represent a reduced remnant of their former achieve such diversity of form but nonetheless recovered suffi- significance in the Triassic. Ichthyosaurs passed through an evolu- ciently to be the dominant marine predators of the Early Ju- tionary bottleneck at, or close to, the Triassic-Jurassic boundary, rassic, after which they dwindled in diversity through the Middle which reduced their diversity to as few as three or four lineages. and Late Jurassic and much of the Cretaceous until they dis- Diversity bounced back to some extent in the aftermath of the appeared at the end of the Cenomanian, ∼100 Ma, after having end-Triassic mass extinction, but disparity remained at less than had a significant role in Mesozoic seas for 150 Myr. one-tenth of pre-extinction levels, and never recovered. The group In this study, we concentrate on disparity (morphological fi remained at low diversity and disparity for its nal 100 Myr. -
A Mysterious Giant Ichthyosaur from the Lowermost Jurassic of Wales
A mysterious giant ichthyosaur from the lowermost Jurassic of Wales JEREMY E. MARTIN, PEGGY VINCENT, GUILLAUME SUAN, TOM SHARPE, PETER HODGES, MATT WILLIAMS, CINDY HOWELLS, and VALENTIN FISCHER Ichthyosaurs rapidly diversified and colonised a wide range vians may challenge our understanding of their evolutionary of ecological niches during the Early and Middle Triassic history. period, but experienced a major decline in diversity near the Here we describe a radius of exceptional size, collected at end of the Triassic. Timing and causes of this demise and the Penarth on the coast of south Wales near Cardiff, UK. This subsequent rapid radiation of the diverse, but less disparate, specimen is comparable in morphology and size to the radius parvipelvian ichthyosaurs are still unknown, notably be- of shastasaurids, and it is likely that it comes from a strati- cause of inadequate sampling in strata of latest Triassic age. graphic horizon considerably younger than the last definite Here, we describe an exceptionally large radius from Lower occurrence of this family, the middle Norian (Motani 2005), Jurassic deposits at Penarth near Cardiff, south Wales (UK) although remains attributable to shastasaurid-like forms from the morphology of which places it within the giant Triassic the Rhaetian of France were mentioned by Bardet et al. (1999) shastasaurids. A tentative total body size estimate, based on and very recently by Fischer et al. (2014). a regression analysis of various complete ichthyosaur skele- Institutional abbreviations.—BRLSI, Bath Royal Literary tons, yields a value of 12–15 m. The specimen is substantially and Scientific Institution, Bath, UK; NHM, Natural History younger than any previously reported last known occur- Museum, London, UK; NMW, National Museum of Wales, rences of shastasaurids and implies a Lazarus range in the Cardiff, UK; SMNS, Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde, lowermost Jurassic for this ichthyosaur morphotype. -
Abelisaurus Comahuensis 321 Acanthodiscus Sp. 60, 64
Index Page numbers in italic denote figure. Page numbers in bold denote tables. Abelisaurus comahuensis 321 structure 45-50 Acanthodiscus sp. 60, 64 Andean Fold and Thrust Belt 37-53 Acantholissonia gerthi 61 tectonic evolution 50-53 aeolian facies tectonic framework 39 Huitrin Formation 145, 151-152, 157 Andes, Neuqu6n 2, 3, 5, 6 Troncoso Member 163-164, 167, 168 morphostructural units 38 aeolian systems, flooded 168, 169, 170, 172, stratigraphy 40 174-182 tectonic evolution, 15-32, 37-39, 51 Aeolosaurus 318 interaction with Neuqu6n Basin 29-30 Aetostreon 200, 305 Andes, topography 37 Afropollis 76 Andesaurus delgadoi 318, 320 Agrio Fold and Thrust Belt 3, 16, 18, 29, 30 andesite 21, 23, 26, 42, 44 development 41 anoxia see dysoxia-anoxia stratigraphy 39-40, 40, 42 Aphrodina 199 structure 39, 42-44, 47 Aphrodina quintucoensis 302 uplift Late Cretaceous 43-44 Aptea notialis 75 Agrio Formation Araucariacites australis 74, 75, 76 ammonite biostratigraphy 58, 61, 63, 65, 66, Araucarioxylon 95,273-276 67 arc morphostructural units 38 bedding cycles 232, 234-247 Arenicolites 193, 196 calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy 68, 71, Argentiniceras noduliferum 62 72 biozone 58, 61 highstand systems tract 154 Asteriacites 90, 91,270 lithofacies 295,296, 297, 298-302 Asterosoma 86 92 marine facies 142-143, 144, 153 Auca Mahuida volcano 25, 30 organic facies 251-263 Aucasaurus garridoi 321 palaeoecology 310, 311,312 Auquilco evaporites 42 palaeoenvironment 309- 310, 311, Avil6 Member 141,253, 298 312-313 ammonites 66 palynomorph biostratigraphy 74, -
The Strawberry Bank Lagerstätte Reveals Insights Into Early Jurassic Lifematt Williams, Michael J
XXX10.1144/jgs2014-144M. Williams et al.Early Jurassic Strawberry Bank Lagerstätte 2015 Downloaded from http://jgs.lyellcollection.org/ by guest on September 27, 2021 2014-144review-articleReview focus10.1144/jgs2014-144The Strawberry Bank Lagerstätte reveals insights into Early Jurassic lifeMatt Williams, Michael J. Benton &, Andrew Ross Review focus Journal of the Geological Society Published Online First doi:10.1144/jgs2014-144 The Strawberry Bank Lagerstätte reveals insights into Early Jurassic life Matt Williams1, Michael J. Benton2* & Andrew Ross3 1 Bath Royal Literary and Scientific Institution, 16–18 Queen Square, Bath BA1 2HN, UK 2 School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BU, UK 3 National Museum of Scotland, Chambers Street, Edinburgh EH1 1JF, UK * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: The Strawberry Bank Lagerstätte provides a rich insight into Early Jurassic marine vertebrate life, revealing exquisite anatomical detail of marine reptiles and large pachycormid fishes thanks to exceptional preservation, and especially the uncrushed, 3D nature of the fossils. The site documents a fauna of Early Jurassic nektonic marine animals (five species of fishes, one species of marine crocodilian, two species of ichthyosaurs, cephalopods and crustaceans), but also over 20 spe- cies of insects. Unlike other fossil sites of similar age, the 3D preservation at Strawberry Bank provides unique evidence on palatal and braincase structures in the fishes and reptiles. The age of the site is important, documenting a marine ecosystem during recovery from the end-Triassic mass extinction, but also exactly coincident with the height of the Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event, a further time of turmoil in evolution. -
Friends of Mound Springs
Friends of Mound Springs I S S U E 2 , D E C E M B E R 2 0 0 6 A B N 9 6 5 8 3 7 6 0 2 6 6 D A T E S O F I N T E R E S T : · Next FOMS Presidents Message Meeting early Following the inaugural Meeting of the Friends of Mound Springs (FOMS) on 29 June this March 2007. year the group has since been established as a formal entity under the DEH Friends of Final Date, Parks network. I am particularly grateful for the efforts of Simon Lewis and Tony Latz, Sec- Venue & Time retary and Treasurer respectively, in shouldering the burden of this work. to be advised. A second meeting was held on 16 November and it was pleasing to be able to welcome to · Friends of the meeting Geoff Axford and Mike Hinsliff from DEH. Geoff and Mike have important re- Parks Group gional responsibilities for mound springs management both within and outside of the formal Forum 3-5 parks and reserves system of the Far North and it was most useful to hear from them about August 2007, some of their work. It was also instructive to hear from FOMS Vice President Travis Gotch Port Lincoln about his continuing work on springs. SA. Also discussed at the meeting was the need for more interpretative signage to better inform · GAB Consul- the large number of visitors to mound springs, particular in Wabma Kadarbu Mound Springs Conservation Park near Coward Springs. Signage which had been in place at the tative Com- Park faded and was removed some time ago, but has not been replaced and Mike indicated mittee Next that he would follow this up. -
Schmitz, M. D. 2000. Appendix 2: Radioisotopic Ages Used In
Appendix 2 Radioisotopic ages used in GTS2020 M.D. SCHMITZ 1285 1286 Appendix 2 GTS GTS Sample Locality Lat-Long Lithostratigraphy Age 6 2s 6 2s Age Type 2020 2012 (Ma) analytical total ID ID Period Epoch Age Quaternary À not compiled Neogene À not compiled Pliocene Miocene Paleogene Oligocene Chattian Pg36 biotite-rich layer; PAC- Pieve d’Accinelli section, 43 35040.41vN, Scaglia Cinerea Fm, 42.3 m above base of 26.57 0.02 0.04 206Pb/238U B2 northeastern Apennines, Italy 12 29034.16vE section Rupelian Pg35 Pg20 biotite-rich layer; MCA- Monte Cagnero section (Chattian 43 38047.81vN, Scaglia Cinerea Fm, 145.8 m above base 31.41 0.03 0.04 206Pb/238U 145.8, equivalent to GSSP), northeastern Apennines, Italy 12 28003.83vE of section MCA/84-3 Pg34 biotite-rich layer; MCA- Monte Cagnero section (Chattian 43 38047.81vN, Scaglia Cinerea Fm, 142.8 m above base 31.72 0.02 0.04 206Pb/238U 142.8 GSSP), northeastern Apennines, Italy 12 28003.83vE of section Eocene Priabonian Pg33 Pg19 biotite-rich layer; MASS- Massignano (Oligocene GSSP), near 43.5328 N, Scaglia Cinerea Fm, 14.7 m above base of 34.50 0.04 0.05 206Pb/238U 14.7, equivalent to Ancona, northeastern Apennines, 13.6011 E section MAS/86-14.7 Italy Pg32 biotite-rich layer; MASS- Massignano (Oligocene GSSP), near 43.5328 N, Scaglia Cinerea Fm, 12.9 m above base of 34.68 0.04 0.06 206Pb/238U 12.9 Ancona, northeastern Apennines, 13.6011 E section Italy Pg31 Pg18 biotite-rich layer; MASS- Massignano (Oligocene GSSP), near 43.5328 N, Scaglia Cinerea Fm, 12.7 m above base of 34.72 0.02 0.04 206Pb/238U -
Mesozoic Marine Reptile Palaeobiogeography in Response to Drifting Plates
ÔØ ÅÒÙ×Ö ÔØ Mesozoic marine reptile palaeobiogeography in response to drifting plates N. Bardet, J. Falconnet, V. Fischer, A. Houssaye, S. Jouve, X. Pereda Suberbiola, A. P´erez-Garc´ıa, J.-C. Rage, P. Vincent PII: S1342-937X(14)00183-X DOI: doi: 10.1016/j.gr.2014.05.005 Reference: GR 1267 To appear in: Gondwana Research Received date: 19 November 2013 Revised date: 6 May 2014 Accepted date: 14 May 2014 Please cite this article as: Bardet, N., Falconnet, J., Fischer, V., Houssaye, A., Jouve, S., Pereda Suberbiola, X., P´erez-Garc´ıa, A., Rage, J.-C., Vincent, P., Mesozoic marine reptile palaeobiogeography in response to drifting plates, Gondwana Research (2014), doi: 10.1016/j.gr.2014.05.005 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT Mesozoic marine reptile palaeobiogeography in response to drifting plates To Alfred Wegener (1880-1930) Bardet N.a*, Falconnet J. a, Fischer V.b, Houssaye A.c, Jouve S.d, Pereda Suberbiola X.e, Pérez-García A.f, Rage J.-C.a and Vincent P.a,g a Sorbonne Universités CR2P, CNRS-MNHN-UPMC, Département Histoire de la Terre, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CP 38, 57 rue Cuvier, -
Ichthyosaur Species Valid Taxa Acamptonectes Fischer Et Al., 2012: Acamptonectes Densus Fischer Et Al., 2012, Lower Cretaceous, Eng- Land, Germany
Ichthyosaur species Valid taxa Acamptonectes Fischer et al., 2012: Acamptonectes densus Fischer et al., 2012, Lower Cretaceous, Eng- land, Germany. Aegirosaurus Bardet and Fernández, 2000: Aegirosaurus leptospondylus (Wagner 1853), Upper Juras- sic–Lower Cretaceous?, Germany, Austria. Arthropterygius Maxwell, 2010: Arthropterygius chrisorum (Russell, 1993), Upper Jurassic, Canada, Ar- gentina?. Athabascasaurus Druckenmiller and Maxwell, 2010: Athabascasaurus bitumineus Druckenmiller and Maxwell, 2010, Lower Cretaceous, Canada. Barracudasauroides Maisch, 2010: Barracudasauroides panxianensis (Jiang et al., 2006), Middle Triassic, China. Besanosaurus Dal Sasso and Pinna, 1996: Besanosaurus leptorhynchus Dal Sasso and Pinna, 1996, Middle Triassic, Italy, Switzerland. Brachypterygius Huene, 1922: Brachypterygius extremus (Boulenger, 1904), Upper Jurassic, Engand; Brachypterygius mordax (McGowan, 1976), Upper Jurassic, England; Brachypterygius pseudoscythius (Efimov, 1998), Upper Jurassic, Russia; Brachypterygius alekseevi (Arkhangelsky, 2001), Upper Jurassic, Russia; Brachypterygius cantabridgiensis (Lydekker, 1888a), Lower Cretaceous, England. Californosaurus Kuhn, 1934: Californosaurus perrini (Merriam, 1902), Upper Triassic USA. Callawayia Maisch and Matzke, 2000: Callawayia neoscapularis (McGowan, 1994), Upper Triassic, Can- ada. Caypullisaurus Fernández, 1997: Caypullisaurus bonapartei Fernández, 1997, Upper Jurassic, Argentina. Chaohusaurus Young and Dong, 1972: Chaohusaurus geishanensis Young and Dong, 1972, Lower Trias- sic, China. -
Records from the Aalenian–Bajocian of Patagonia (Argentina): an Overview
Geol. Mag.: page 1 of 11. c Cambridge University Press 2013 1 doi:10.1017/S0016756813000058 Ophthalmosaurian (Ichthyosauria) records from the Aalenian–Bajocian of Patagonia (Argentina): an overview ∗ MARTA S. FERNÁNDEZ † & MARIANELLA TALEVI‡ ∗ División Palaeontología Vertebrados, Museo de La Plata, Paseo del Bosque s/n, 1900 La Plata, Argentina. CONICET ‡Instituto de Investigación en Paleobiología y Geología, Universidad Nacional de Río Negro, 8332 General Roca, Río Negro, Argentina. CONICET (Received 12 September 2012; accepted 11 January 2013) Abstract – The oldest ophthalmosaurian records worldwide have been recovered from the Aalenian– Bajocian boundary of the Neuquén Basin in Central-West Argentina (Mendoza and Neuquén provinces). Although scarce, they document a poorly known period in the evolutionary history of parvipelvian ichthyosaurs. In this contribution we present updated information on these fossils, including a phylogenetic analysis, and a redescription of ‘Stenopterygius grandis’ Cabrera, 1939. Patagonian ichthyosaur occurrences indicate that during the Bajocian the Neuquén Basin palaeogulf, on the southern margins of the Palaeopacific Ocean, was inhabited by at least three morphologically discrete taxa: the slender Stenopterygius cayi, robust ophthalmosaurian Mollesaurus periallus and another indeterminate ichthyosaurian. Rib bone tissue structure indicates that rib cages of Bajocian ichthyosaurs included forms with dense rib microstructure (Mollesaurus) and forms with an ‘osteoporotic-like’ pattern (Stenopterygius cayi). Keywords: Mollesaurus,‘Stenopterygius grandis’, Middle Jurassic, Neuquén Basin, Argentina. 1. Introduction all Callovian and post-Callovian ichthyosaurs, two different Early Jurassic taxa have been proposed as Ichthyosaurs were one of the main predators in the ophthalmosaurian sister taxa: Stenopterygius (Maisch oceans all over the world during most of the Mesozoic & Matzke, 2000; Sander, 2000; Druckenmiller & (Massare, 1987). -
The Geochemical Footprint of the Bulldog Shale, Eromanga Basin, Australia
The geochemical footprint of the Bulldog Shale, Eromanga Basin, Australia Eline Baudet1, Caroline Forbes1, David Giles2, Steve Hill3 1. DET CRC; School of Earth Sciences, University of Adelaide 2. DET CRC; Future Industries Institute, UniSa 3. Geological Survey of South Australia GSSA Discovery Day, Adelaide, South Australia 1 December 2016 World metal demand The study area Modified from Geoscience Australia The aim To understand the processes responsible for variable geochemical and mineralogical signatures within the Bulldog Shale and how they relate to buried mineralisations The study area Bulldog Shale Cadna-owie Formation Background chemistry Maximum background Mo Zn Cu values in ppm Bulldog Shale 10 250 50 Cadna-Owie No Mo 280 28 Formation Oodnadatta 10 200 35 Formation Vertical geochemical variations EARLY CRETACEOUS EARLY Lateral geochemical variations Bulldog Shale Cadna-Owie Oodnadatta Chemical variations Mineralogical control? • Depth? Structural control? • Different recharge zones? • Variations within paleo- environment? • Different underlying basements (as shown on map) and basins? Modified from Radke et al., 2000 Modified from Geoscience Australia,Source: 2002 SARIG Conclusions • Anomalous metal content recognised in the sedimentary formations studied • Elements dispersed from both aquifers (the Cadna-owie Formation and the Coorikiana Sandstone) into the Oodnadatta Formation and the Bulldog Shale • The formations studied preserve interesting geochemically variations • Future work: • integrate HyLogger data with geochemistry dispersion processes • Integrated groundwater study chemical relationships to geology • Small scale study over Prominent Hill signatures over known mineralisation Thank you for your attention Acknowledgements Special acknowledgements to Georgina Gordon, Alan Mauger, Aaron Baensch, Nathan Reid and David Gray for assisting me with the data collection, processing and interpretation The work has been supported by the Deep Exploration Technologies CRC whose activities are funded by the Australian Government's CRC Programme. -
Macropredatory Ichthyosaur from the Middle Triassic and the Origin of Modern Trophic Networks
Macropredatory ichthyosaur from the Middle Triassic and the origin of modern trophic networks Nadia B. Fröbischa,1, Jörg Fröbischa,1, P. Martin Sanderb,1,2, Lars Schmitzc,1,2,3, and Olivier Rieppeld aMuseum für Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- und Biodiversitätsforschung an der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany; bSteinmann Institute of Geology, Mineralogy, and Paleontology, Division of Paleontology, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany; cDepartment of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616; and dDepartment of Geology, The Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL 60605 Edited by Neil H. Shubin, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, and approved December 5, 2012 (received for review October 8, 2012) The biotic recovery from Earth’s most severe extinction event at the Holotype and Only Specimen. The Field Museum of Natural His- Permian-Triassic boundary largely reestablished the preextinction tory (FMNH) contains specimen PR 3032, a partial skeleton structure of marine trophic networks, with marine reptiles assuming including most of the skull (Fig. 1) and axial skeleton, parts of the predator roles. However, the highest trophic level of today’s the pelvic girdle, and parts of the hind fins. marine ecosystems, i.e., macropredatory tetrapods that forage on prey of similar size to their own, was thus far lacking in the Paleozoic Horizon and Locality. FMNH PR 3032 was collected in 2008 from the and early Mesozoic. Here we report a top-tier tetrapod predator, middle Anisian Taylori Zone of the Fossil Hill Member of the Favret a very large (>8.6 m) ichthyosaur from the early Middle Triassic Formation at Favret Canyon, Augusta Mountains, Pershing County, (244 Ma), of Nevada. -
Geology and Mineral Resources of the Northern Territory
Geology and mineral resources of the Northern Territory Ahmad M and Munson TJ (compilers) Northern Territory Geological Survey Special Publication 5 Chapter 41: Eromanga Basin BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCE: Munson TJ, 2013. Chapter 41: Eromanga Basin: in Ahmad M and Munson TJ (compilers). ‘Geology and mineral resources of the Northern Territory’. Northern Territory Geological Survey, Special Publication 5. Disclaimer While all care has been taken to ensure that information contained in this publication is true and correct at the time of publication, changes in circumstances after the time of publication may impact on the accuracy of its information. The Northern Territory of Australia gives no warranty or assurance, and makes no representation as to the accuracy of any information or advice contained in this publication, or that it is suitable for your intended use. You should not rely upon information in this publication for the purpose of making any serious business or investment decisions without obtaining independent and/or professional advice in relation to your particular situation. The Northern Territory of Australia disclaims any liability or responsibility or duty of care towards any person for loss or damage caused by any use of, or reliance on the information contained in this publication. Eromanga Basin Current as of May 2012 Chapter 41: EROMANGA BASIN TJ Munson INTRODUCTION geology and regolith). However, the southwestern margins of the basin are exposed in SA and the northeastern part of The Cambrian±"Devonian Warburton Basin, the basin in central Qld is also exposed and has been eroding Carboniferous±Triassic 3edirNa Basin and Jurassic± since the Late Cretaceous.