Your Breast Health Your Breast Health

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Your Breast Health Your Breast Health Presenter Notes The purpose of the presentation kit is to raise awareness of breast health. It was developed to: • encourage participants to be breast aware • help participants understand the risk factors for breast cancer and learn about ways to reduce the risk Each kit includes: • a breast health presentation • a myth buster game • resources Know Your Breasts bookmark Your Breasts pamphlet further reading and resource list The information in this kit is evidence and research based and will be updated as necessary. Contact the WRHA Breast Health Centre at 204-235-3906 for updates. Your Breast Health your breast health Ask participants: What three words come to mind when you think of breast health? Allow time for participant responses. • You may not have thought about your breasts or breast health until: – you were pregnant – you had your baby and considered breastfeeding. – you noticed a change in your breasts – you know someone who has been diagnosed with breast cancer • We know that for some women breast health is a sensitive topic. It is also an important topic to have information about, so we hope today that you will feel comfortable to share and talk about things or to just listen to the information. your breast health wrha.mb.ca/bhc the 3Bs of breast health The three B’s of breast health include: be breast aware, be healthy and be informed. • Being healthy involves choosing lifestyle habits to help decrease your risk of breast cancer. • Being aware means looking at your breasts, touching them and knowing how they change each month around the time of your menstrual period, during pregnancy, while breastfeeding and as you age. If you are familiar with how your breasts normally look and feel and change through time, you are more likely to notice changes that are not normal for you. • Being aware also involves understanding general risk factors and your personal risk factors for breast cancer. • Being informed means knowing where to get information and support. Talk to your health care provider (public health nurse, doctor, health practitioner etc.) about your breast health, your risks, breast screening guidelines and breast cancer. Being informed helps you make healthy decisions about your breast health. the 3Bs of breast health wrha.mb.ca/bhc Be Aware – your breasts • The breast is made up of glandular, fatty and connective tissue. It helps give the breast shape. • Breast tissue covers the area from your armpit up to your collar bone and reaching to your breast bone. • The breast’s main function is to make, store and give milk to feed the baby. • Milk is made in lobules of the breast when hormones in a woman’s body stimulate them after giving birth. • Each breast has thin tubes or ducts joining the nipple to the sections called lobules which are pictured in red on the diagram. In each lobule are tiny, hollow sacs or alveoli. If you're breast-feeding, ducts carry milk from the alveoli toward the dark area of skin around the nipple which is called the areola. • The areola around the nipple has small sweat glands that release moisture to make breast feeding more comfortable. Be Aware – your breasts wrha.mb.ca/bhc Be Aware – breast changes over your lifetime • Many breast changes are caused hormone levels in our body going up and down. o Estrogen is the main female hormone. It helps us to grow breasts and to have babies. The ovaries make most of the estrogen in a woman’s body. o Progesterone is the other female hormone. It helps prepare the uterus for pregnancy and the breast to make milk for breastfeeding the baby. • In the early teens, you developed breast buds that grew into the breasts you have today. • During pregnancy – hormone levels are higher. Breasts become firm, tender and increase in size. The nipples and areolas may get darker and may remain that way after you have the baby. • During breastfeeding – breasts become swollen and tender. Nipples can become cracked and sore. Some women may get a breast infection called mastitis. Mastitis can cause a fever and a hard, red, swollen area in the breast; even muscle aches or chills. It is often treated with antibiotics. You should see your health care provider if you have these symptoms. • As women age and go into menopause, hormone levels become low and the breasts become soft, less tender and often hang lower or sag. Be Aware - breast changes over your lifetime wrha.mb.ca/bhc Be Aware – what is normal? Every woman’s breasts are different. Ask participants: What does a “normal” breast look or feel like? Allow time for participants to respond. Breasts can be have many differences and these may be normal for you: • One breast larger than the other • Nipples can be flat instead of pointing out • Hair growing around the areola or nipple area • Areolas can be different colours, shapes and sizes • Breast can have stretch marks • Breast swelling and tenderness especially around your menstrual period • Non cancerous lumps • Nipple discharge Be Aware – what is normal? • Every woman’s breasts are different • Breasts comes in different sizes and shapes So…don’t worry! wrha.mb.ca/bhc What are some common concerns women have about their breasts? Ask participants: What do you think are the most common concerns women will see their health care provider for in regards to their breasts? Allow participants time to share their thoughts. Answer: Common things women see their health care provider for are nipple discharge, a breast lump and breast pain. Let’s talk about each of these briefly: • Nipple discharge. Nipple discharge can happen when a woman’s breast is squeezed. A small amount of discharge may come from the nipple. It may be green, yellow, brown, grey or a combination of these colours. This is normal for many women and often happens before menopause. Do not squeeze the nipple or breast. This can cause more discharge because it stimulate hormones. • A breast lump. The breast can be lumpy because of the different tissues that make up the breast. Most often, lumps in the breast are part of the normal tissue. Sometimes women have cysts that make the breasts feel lumpy. These are common and do not cause breast cancer or mean you will get breast cancer. Fibrocystic breast changes or breasts that feels lumpy or rope-like in texture are common changes of breast tissue. • Breast pain. Breast pain is common in women. It is not usually caused by cancer. The cause of breast pain is unknown. It may be related to hormonal changes, fibrocystic changes to the breast, cysts in the breast, breast surgery or irritation of the breast bone or ribs. • It is normal to have mild breast pain 2-3 days just before a menstrual period and sometimes breast pain happens at other times. It can be in both breasts, one breast, or in only one part of the breast. The pain can go to other areas such as the armpit or down the arm. • Breast pain may be caused by wearing a bra that does not fit well. Seeing a trained bra fitter can help get the right fit and support for you. • You should see your health care provider about any breast pain that does not go away, gets worse, prevents you from sleeping or doing regular activities. Be Aware – common concerns What are some common concerns women have about their breasts? wrha.mb.ca/bhc Be Breast Aware • Get into a habit of checking your breasts from time to time. You can become breast aware in any way that feels comfortable and easy for you. It might mean looking and feeling your breasts while you are: o Looking in the mirror o Getting dressed o In the bath or shower o Standing up or lying down • Remember to include the areas above and below the breasts, including the armpits. • It is important to check your breasts throughout the month - before, in between and after your menstrual cycle - so you know what is normal for you at different times in the month. • Knowing what is normal for your breasts may help you find changes if they happen. If you see or feel a change, talk to your health care provider. Be Breast Aware • Look at and touch your breasts • Check the areas above and below the breasts, including armpits! wrha.mb.ca/bhc Be Aware – breast changes to watch for Ask participants: What are some potential breast changes to look for? • A lump in the breast that is not normal for you, is new, and/or doesn’t go away • A change in the size, shape or color of your breast • A change in the way your nipple looks • An eczema type rash on the nipple • Any discharge from the nipple that happens without squeezing the breast/nipple • New or bloody nipple discharge or discharge that is only from one nipple • Puckering or dimpling of the skin • Skin that looks like an orange or feels very thick • It is important not to ignore these signs or symptoms even if you are breastfeeding All of these changes should be assessed by your health care provider Be Aware - breast changes to watch for wrha.mb.ca/bhc Be Aware – breast cancer Ask participants: What is breast cancer? • Breast cancer is cancer that begins in the breast tissue. When breast cells are not working properly, they divide continually and a lump or tumor is formed. It is important to know that a small number of breast cancers do not form a lump.
Recommended publications
  • Meat, Fish and Dairy Products and the Risk of Cancer: a Summary Matrix 7 2
    Meat, fish and dairy products and the risk of cancer 2018 Contents World Cancer Research Fund Network 3 Executive summary 5 1. Meat, fish and dairy products and the risk of cancer: a summary matrix 7 2. Summary of Panel judgements 9 3. Definitions and patterns 11 3.1 Red meat 11 3.2 Processed meat 12 3.3 Foods containing haem iron 13 3.4 Fish 13 3.5 Cantonese-style salted fish 13 3.6 Grilled (broiled) or barbecued (charbroiled) meat and fish 14 3.7 Dairy products 14 3.8 Diets high in calcium 15 4. Interpretation of the evidence 16 4.1 General 16 4.2 Specific 16 5. Evidence and judgements 27 5.1 Red meat 27 5.2 Processed meat 31 5.3 Foods containing haem iron 35 5.4 Fish 36 5.5 Cantonese-style salted fish 37 5.6 Grilled (broiled) or barbecued (charbroiled) meat and fish 40 5.7 Dairy products 41 5.8 Diets high in calcium 51 5.9 Other 52 6. Comparison with the 2007 Second Expert Report 52 Acknowledgements 53 Abbreviations 57 Glossary 58 References 65 Appendix 1: Criteria for grading evidence for cancer prevention 71 Appendix 2: Mechanisms 74 Our Cancer Prevention Recommendations 79 2 Meat, fish and dairy products and the risk of cancer 2018 WORLD CANCER RESEARCH FUND NETWORK Our Vision We want to live in a world where no one develops a preventable cancer. Our Mission We champion the latest and most authoritative scientific research from around the world on cancer prevention and survival through diet, weight and physical activity, so that we can help people make informed choices to reduce their cancer risk.
    [Show full text]
  • Food and Cancer
    FOOD AND CANCER – WHAT’S THE DEAL? An expert nutrition guide brought to you by Trekstock, Dr Hazel Wallace & Friends Navigating all the information around diet and cancer can be overwhelming. There’s a lot of confusing stuff out there and we know you probably don’t have the time or energy to digest it all. So we’ve created this guide to everything you might be asking about how what you put into your body affects it during CONTENTS treatment and beyond. FOREWORD 4 We’ve included the latest research CONTRIBUTORS 6 and unpacked controversial topics HOW FOOD SUPPORTS in a balanced way offering you all RECOVERY 8 the information you need to make LET’S TALK ABOUT... 16 decisions that work for you. FOOD PREP MADE EASY 26 RECIPES 31 SIGNPOSTING 39 KEY Important Note Reminder 2 TREKSTOCK FOOD AND CANCER – WHAT’S THE DEAL? 3 FOREWORD by Dr Hazel Wallace You never expect to get diagnosed with cancer, let alone I promise this is not another prescription and we invite when you’re in your 20s or 30s. When it does happen, it you to dip in and out of it whenever you feel the need understandably shakes every aspect of your world. You to. Remember, dealing with cancer is enough pressure don’t need me to tell you how much of a shock a cancer for anyone, so try to be as kind as possible to yourself diagnosis can be, how hard treatments are, how difficult when you’re thinking about what to eat. Food should be recovery can be, or how much it can change the way you a pleasure as well as something to fuel your body with, so feel about yourself and your body.
    [Show full text]
  • Diet, Nutrients, Phytochemicals, and Cancer Metastasis Suppressor Genes
    Cancer Metastasis Rev DOI 10.1007/s10555-012-9369-5 Diet, nutrients, phytochemicals, and cancer metastasis suppressor genes Gary G. Meadows # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC (outside the USA) 2012 Abstract The major factor in the morbidity and mortality of EGF Epidermal growth factor cancer patients is metastasis. There exists a relative lack of EGFR Epidermal growth factor receptor specific therapeutic approaches to control metastasis, and EPA Eicosapentaenoic acid this is a fruitful area for investigation. A healthy diet and IFN Interferon lifestyle not only can inhibit tumorigenesis but also can have KAI1 Kangai 1 a major impact on cancer progression and survival. Many MALL Mal-like chemicals found in edible plants are known to inhibit meta- MAPK Mitogen activated protein kinase static progression of cancer. While the mechanisms under- MKK Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase lying antimetastatic activity of some phytochemicals are miR Micro RNA being delineated, the impact of diet, dietary components, NDRG N-myc downstream-regulated gene and various phytochemicals on metastasis suppressor genes NM23 Nonmetastatic gene 23 is underexplored. Epigenetic regulation of metastasis sup- PDCD Programmed cell death pressor genes promises to be a potentially important mech- PEBP Phosphatidylethanolamine binding protein anism by which dietary components can impact cancer PTEN Phosphatase and tensin homolog metastasis since many dietary constituents are known to RASSF Ras-associated domain family modulate gene expression. The review addresses this area RECK Reversion-inducing-cysteine-rich protein with of research as well as the current state of knowledge regard- kazal motifs ing the impact of diet, dietary components, and phytochem- RhoGDI2 Rho GDP-dissociation inhibitor 2 icals on metastasis suppressor genes.
    [Show full text]
  • Dietary Carcinogens and Anticancer Effect of Bioactive Food Components
    Journal of High Institute of Public Health 2015; 45(1):32-41. Review Article Dietary Carcinogens and Anticancer Effect of Bioactive Food Components Neveen F. Agamy¥ Food Analysis, Nutrition Department, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria, Egypt Abstract Available on line at: Nutrition plays a crucial role in the prevention of chronic diseases, as most of them can be related to www.ebscohost.com/academic/arab- diet. Diet is an important factor in determining cancer incidence in many countries and regions. Diet world-research-source can have both positive and negative effects on carcinogenesis. Dietary carcinogens represent 30 to 35% of cancer causes. Several substances in diet such as mycotoxins, heterocyclic amines, www.Askzad.com polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, N-nitroso compounds and acrylamide have been associated with increased risk of cancer. Diet also contains bioactive food components (BFC) which prevent cancer ¥Correspondence: development. Their beneficial effects could be either maintenance or promotion of a state of well being or health and/or a reduction of cancer risk. Research on BFC continues to evolve albeit with Email: : [email protected] shared challenges among scientists in the field of cancer treatment and prevention. Certain compounds such as phytochemicals and probiotics have cancer preventing properties. Awareness of the importance of consumption of functional foods or BFC as well as the importance of the whole Suggested Citations: Agamy NF. diet rather than the isolated compounds as a cancer-preventive strategy for the general public should Dietary Carcinogens and Anticancer be promoted. Effect of Bioactive Food Components. JHIPH 2015;45 (1):32-41. Key words: dietary carcinogens, bioactive food components (BFC), cancer prevention.
    [Show full text]
  • Diet and Nutrition During Head and Neck Cancer Treatment
    PATIENT & CAREGIVER EDUCATION Diet and Nutrition During Head and Neck Cancer Treatment This information will teach you how you can change your diet to manage your side effects during radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or both for head and neck cancer. It’s important to get enough nutrition before, during, and after your cancer treatment. Getting enough nutrition can help you: Maintain your strength Keep your weight stable Fight infection Have fewer side effects Heal after surgery Read through this resource at least once before your treatment. You may also want to use it as a reference during and after your treatment. You can use the links in the “Navigate this article” area to the right to help you find the information that’s most useful at different times during your treatment. Clinical dietitian nutritionists are also available to help you plan your diet during and after treatment. They can help make sure you get enough nutrition. To make an appointment with a clinical dietitian nutritionist, call 212-639-7312 or ask a member of your healthcare team to help you. Diet and Nutrition During Head and Neck Cancer Treatment 1/16 About Your Nutrition During Treatment It’s important to follow a well-balanced diet so you get enough nutrition during your treatment. This will help keep your weight stable and maintain your muscles and strength. Your clinical dietitian nutritionist will write down your nutritional needs in the box below. Keep them in mind when planning your meals. You need _______________ calories per day You need _______________ grams of protein per day You need _______________ ounces of fluid per day Tracking your weight Tracking your weight during treatment is important.
    [Show full text]
  • Prevention of Cancer Through Lifestyle Change and Screening
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by OAR@UM women compared with 2007.3 Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in males, Prevention of cancer through followed by lung and colorectal. For women breast cancer is the most common followed by lung and colorectal. Lung cancer is the lifestyle change and screening number one cancer killer for both men and women. 1 Charmaine Gauci MD, MSc, PhD, FRSPH, FFPH There is much evidence which shows 2 Dr Nadine Delicata MD, MSc, MBA that about 40% of all cancer cases are preventable (Table 1). In fact prevention 1Director, Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Directorate offers the most cost-effective long-term The Emporium, 5B C De Brocktorff Str, Msida strategy for the control of cancer. Lifestyle Email: [email protected] factors continue to be causally related to certain cancers including tobacco 2Head, Health Screening Services use, unhealthy diet, alcohol overuse and Director National Breast Screening Programme inadequate physical activity.4 17, Lascaris Wharf, Valletta Secondary prevention measures include Email: [email protected] screening. Screening for cancer involves the application of a simple test in a healthy Educational aims asymptomatic population to identify early disease. The main objective of cancer • To provide evidence base for prevention screening (and subsequent treatment) is to • To describe the lifestyle factors affecting cancer shift the stage at which disease presents • To describe effectiveness of screening thus extending life and reducing cancer mortality. Other important considerations Key words include the economic cost and the potential cancer, prevention, lifestyle, screening programmes, effectiveness effects on quality of life, which may be beneficial or harmful.
    [Show full text]
  • Future Directions in Cancer Prevention
    REVIEWS Future directions in cancer prevention Asad Umar1, Barbara K. Dunn2 and Peter Greenwald 3 Abstract | Prevention of cancer remains the most promising strategy for reducing both its incidence and the mortality due to this disease. For more than four decades, findings from epidemiology, basic research and clinical trials have informed the development of lifestyle and medical approaches to cancer prevention. These include selective oestrogen receptor modulators and aromatase inhibitors for breast cancer, the 5‑α-reductase inhibitors finasteride and dutasteride for prostate cancer, and the development of vaccines for viruses that are associated with specific cancers. Future directions include genetic, proteomic and other molecular approaches for identifying pathways that are associated with cancer initiation and development, as well as refining the search for immunologically modifiable causes of cancer. Globally, cancer is the leading cause of death in devel- cancer, as can aspects of the immune response, such oped countries and the second leading cause of death as immunoediting7. in developing countries, where the cancer burden is The physiological goal of cancer prevention is to inter- rising. Estimates for 2008 pointed to 12.7 million can- cept these processes in order to inhibit progression to the cer cases and 7.6 million cancer deaths worldwide1,2. invasive stage (FIG. 2). An understanding of the accumu- Despite improvements in the treatment of various lating genetic and other molecular alterations that char- common cancers, a large cancer burden remains, pro- acterize progressively advanced, pre-malignant lesions 1National Cancer Institute, viding a growing incentive to address this problem by will offer targets for putative, preventive interventions.
    [Show full text]
  • Diet and Cancer Prevention
    Diet and Cancer Prevention Fact Sheet 9.313 Food & Nutrition Series | Health By J. Clifford and C. Didinger* (12/19) Quick Facts What is Cancer? Obesity and Cancer: What Lifestyle choices such is the Relationship? as poor diet, lack of Cancer refers to the rapid physical activity, formation of abnormal cells. Cancer The American Cancer Society (ACS) obesity, tobacco, and alcohol use are all can affect any part of the body, and reports that one out of every five associated with an it represents a complex interaction cancer deaths in the United States increased risk for between genetics and external is attributable to the preventable agents. However, some cancer is cancer. factors of overweight or obesity, More than half of also highly preventable through sedentary behavior, excess alcohol cancer cases could be healthy lifestyle choices. intake, and/or poor diet. Indeed, prevented using overweight or obesity is linked to current knowledge. What Increases the Risk an increased risk of at least 13 types Key cancer for Cancer? of cancer. organizations recommend a primarily plant-based Risk factors for cancer are often Approximately two-thirds of diet, with limited associated with lifestyle, Americans are overweight or consumption of red behavioral, and environmental obese. However, one of the most meat, processed meat, exposures; these risk factors are important factors in cancer and alcohol. usually preventable. Key risk prevention is healthy weight Obesity associates factors to avoid to lower the risk of maintenance throughout life. with cancer risk. developing cancer include: Weight maintenance can be Consuming whole 1.Overweight or obesity achieved by balancing caloric foods as part of a 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Prevention & Early Detection Facts & Figures 2019-2020
    Cancer Prevention & Early Detection Facts & Figures 2019-2020 Current* Cigarette Smoking (%), Adults 18 Years and Older by State, 2017 WA NH ME MT ND VT OR MN ID MA SD WI NY WY MI RI IA PA CT NV NE OH NJ UT IL IN CA DE CO WV KS VA MD MO KY DC NC TN AZ OK NM AR SC MS AL GA TX LA AK FL 22% to 26% 18% to 21% PR 15% to 17% HI 9% to 14% *Smoked 100 cigarettes in lifetime and are current smokers (regular and irregular). Source: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2017. Contents Introduction 1 Infectious Agents 32 References 1 Human Papillomavirus 32 Highlights, CPED 2019-2020 1 Helicobacter Pylori 34 Hepatitis B Virus 35 Tobacco 2 Hepatitis C Virus 37 Cigarette Smoking 2 Human Immunodeficiency Virus 38 Other Combustible Tobacco Products 3 Epstein-Barr Virus 38 E-cigarettes (Vaping Devices) 4 References 38 Smokeless Tobacco Products 7 Secondhand Smoke 7 Occupational and Environmental Cancer Tobacco Cessation 8 Risk Factors 40 Reducing Tobacco Use and Exposure 9 Occupational Cancer Risk Factors 41 References 12 Environmental Cancer Risk Factors 41 Conclusions 44 Excess Body Weight, Alcohol, Diet, References 44 and Physical Activity 14 Excess Body Weight 14 Cancer Screening 45 Alcohol 16 Breast Cancer Screening 45 Diet 18 Cervical Cancer Screening 48 Physical Activity 21 Colorectal Cancer Screening 50 Type 2 Diabetes 22 Lung Cancer Screening 53 Community Action 22 Prostate Cancer Screening 53 References 25 Endometrial Cancer Screening 54 Cancer Screening Obstacles and Opportunities to Ultraviolet Radiation 27 Improve Utilization 54 Solar UVR Exposure 27 American Cancer Society Recommendations for the Early Artificial UVR Exposure (Indoor Tanning) 27 Detection of Cancer in Average-risk Asymptomatic People* 55 UVR Exposure and Protective Behaviors 28 References 57 Prevention Strategies in Skin Cancer 29 Special Notes 58 Early Detection of Skin Cancer 30 Glossary 58 References 31 Survey Sources 59 Global Headquarters: American Cancer Society Inc.
    [Show full text]
  • Empirically Derived Dietary Patterns and Risk of Postmenopausal Breast Cancer in a Large Prospective Cohort Study1–3
    Empirically derived dietary patterns and risk of postmenopausal breast cancer in a large prospective cohort study1–3 Ellen M Velie, Catherine Schairer, Andrew Flood, Jian-Ping He, Ravindra Khattree, and Arthur Schatzkin ABSTRACT of total fat and refined carbohydrate may increase breast cancer Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article/82/6/1308/4648925 by guest on 24 September 2021 Background: Inconsistent associations have been reported between risk (2, 4, 5), and total vegetable intake—particularly cruciferous diet and breast cancer. vegetable intake (6)—phytoestrogens (4), and fruit intake (2) Objective: We prospectively examined the association between may reduce risk, but the results of recent cohort studies measur- dietary patterns and postmenopausal breast cancer risk in a US-wide ing adult diet do not support an association (3, 7–9). cohort study. The examination of dietary patterns has been suggested as an Design: Data were analyzed from 40 559 women who completed a alternative to quantify aggregate diet risk for chronic disease self-administered 61-item Block food-frequency questionnaire in (10–16). Results from studies of single nutrients and foods may the Breast Cancer Detection Demonstration Project, 1987–1998; be inconsistent because they cannot disaggregate individual ef- 1868 of those women developed breast cancer. Dietary patterns were fects of highly correlated foods and may be unable to account for defined by using principal components factor analysis. Cox propor- synergistic interactions of food combinations and constituents or tional hazard regression was used to assess breast cancer risk. other factors that may affect nutrient bioavailability (eg, cooking Results: Three major dietary patterns emerged: vegetable-fish/ practices) (10–18).
    [Show full text]
  • Diet, Nutrition, Physical Activity and Breast Cancer
    Diet, nutrition, physical activity and breast cancer 2017 Revised 2018 Contents World Cancer Research Fund Network 3 Executive Summary 5 1. Summary of Panel judgements 12 2. Trends, incidence and survival 16 3. Pathogenesis 17 4. Other established causes 18 5. Interpretation of the evidence 19 5.1 General 19 5.2 Specific 19 6. Methodology 20 6.1 Mechanistic evidence 21 7. Evidence and judgements 21 7.1 Non-starchy vegetables 22 7.2 Foods containing carotenoids 25 7.3 Dairy products 30 7.4 Diets high in calcium 32 7.5 Alcoholic drinks 34 7.6 Physical activity 43 7.7 Vigorous physical activity 48 7.8 Body fatness in young adulthood 52 7.9 Body fatness 56 7.10 Adult weight gain 79 7.11 Adult attained height 84 7.12 Birthweight 89 7.13 Lactation 92 7.14 Other 95 8. Comparison with the Second Expert Report 95 9. Conclusions 96 Acknowledgements 98 Abbreviations 100 Glossary 101 References 107 Appendix: Criteria for grading evidence for cancer prevention 119 Our Cancer Prevention Recommendations 123 WORLD CANCER RESEARCH FUND NETWORK OUR VISION We want to live in a world where no one develops a preventable cancer. OUR MISSION We champion the latest and most authoritative scientific research from around the world on cancer prevention and survival through diet, weight and physical activity, so that we can help people make informed choices to reduce their cancer risk. As a network, we influence policy at the highest level and are trusted advisors to governments and to other official bodies from around the world.
    [Show full text]
  • Diet and Cancer Treatment: Tips for Healthy Eating
    Diet and Cancer Treatment: Tips for Healthy Eating Fact Sheet 9.332 Food & Nutrition Series | Health By J. Clifford and C. Didinger* (12/19) Quick Facts A Plant-Based Eating weight can predict a reduced A largely plant-based Pattern response to treatment, thus those diet with limited undergoing treatment for cancer consumption of alcohol, should try to maintain a healthy red meat, and Emphasis on whole foods of plant processed meat is weight and avoid losses or gains origin can promote health, provide recommended for those in weight. Research shows that key nutrients, and support at risk for or with cancer patients who retain a maintenance of a healthy weight. cancer. Institutions like the World Cancer healthy weight and maintain a Side effects from Research Fund recommend limiting good nutritional status have fewer cancer treatment may red meat intake (i.e. beef, lamb, complications, regardless of the include reduced and pork) and avoiding processed form of treatment. Fewer appetite, taste alterations, diarrhea, meat (e.g. bacon, ham, and hot complications result in improved constipation, and dogs). See fact sheet 9.313 Diet response and tolerance of treatment, reduced illness, fewer difficulty swallowing, and Cancer Prevention for more which may result in infections, shorter hospital stays, details about healthy eating tips. weight loss. and an overall higher quality of life. It is important to A healthy weight is important for maintain a healthy increased energy levels, strength, weight during cancer and coping with the side effects of treatment, which may cancer treatment. reduce the risk for complications. Dietary Tips for Healthy Weight During treatment, Maintenance immune system function may be compromised, so it is The following tips are useful for all important to always Cancer and Nutrition: The cancer patients.
    [Show full text]