DOCSLIB.ORG

Food and Cancer

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Food and Cancer FOOD AND CANCER – WHAT’S THE DEAL? An expert nutrition guide brought to you by Trekstock, Dr Hazel Wallace & Friends Navigating all the information around diet and cancer can be overwhelming. There’s a lot of confusing stuff out there and we know you probably don’t have the time or energy to digest it all. So we’ve created this guide to everything you might be asking about how what you put into your body affects it during CONTENTS treatment and beyond. FOREWORD 4 We’ve included the latest research CONTRIBUTORS 6 and unpacked controversial topics HOW FOOD SUPPORTS in a balanced way offering you all RECOVERY 8 the information you need to make LET’S TALK ABOUT... 16 decisions that work for you. FOOD PREP MADE EASY 26 RECIPES 31 SIGNPOSTING 39 KEY Important Note Reminder 2 TREKSTOCK FOOD AND CANCER – WHAT’S THE DEAL? 3 FOREWORD by Dr Hazel Wallace You never expect to get diagnosed with cancer, let alone I promise this is not another prescription and we invite when you’re in your 20s or 30s. When it does happen, it you to dip in and out of it whenever you feel the need understandably shakes every aspect of your world. You to. Remember, dealing with cancer is enough pressure don’t need me to tell you how much of a shock a cancer for anyone, so try to be as kind as possible to yourself diagnosis can be, how hard treatments are, how difficult when you’re thinking about what to eat. Food should be recovery can be, or how much it can change the way you a pleasure as well as something to fuel your body with, so feel about yourself and your body. Finding some sense of enjoy what you’re eating when you can, and don’t beat normality is key at such a turbulent time. yourself up if you’re not eating what you think you ‘should’. If there’s one thing that remains totally constant I hope you find this resource, and some of the further notes throughout your treatment and recovery, it’s the need to we’ve included in the back, empowering and helpful. give your body the support necessary to deal with all of the treatments and stresses that are being thrown at you. Happy eating, Food can play an important role here. But the internet, and of course social media, is the modern-day equivalent of the Wild, Wild West – full of misinformation, dubious claims, and conflicting advice. When we asked, 45% of you said that social media makes you confused about what to eat. Dr Hazel Wallace @TheFoodMedic So, how do you know what to trust and what to listen to? It’s a minefield, but hopefully, we can help with that. When I came on board as a Trekstock Ambassador, I realised there was a need for a nutrition resource that was available specifically for people going through cancer treatment and recovery. So Trekstock and I brought together a group of doctors, dietitians, patients, and members of the Trekstock community to create a no nonsense, evidence-based, and easy-to-follow nutrition booklet to help support you. 4 TREKSTOCK FOOD AND CANCER – WHAT’S THE DEAL? 5 CONTRIBUTORS ENJOY DIPPING IN Dani Binnington Camilla Ferraro Dr Ailsa Sita Lumsden Think of this as a handbook you Founder of Registered Dietitian Consultant Medical can dip in and out of when you need it. HealthyWholeMe, (RD): Oncology + Oncologist, Guys and We recognise in the early days of a cancer diagnosed with breast Surgical Nutrition St Thomas’ Hospital cancer in her 30s and (NHS), Women’s Health – Having worked in diagnosis you’re bombarded with information passionate about + Eating Disorders. Oncology for 10 years from everywhere (and everyone!) on what to eat, how food helped Ailsa is committed to what not to eat, when to eat and how to eat. her recovery. improving knowledge and access to support for young people We’re not here to add to that pressure. We want to with cancer. make your life easier, so we aim to provide you with Alice May Purkiss the knowledge and tools to make informed decisions Copywriter around diet and cancer, based on the latest research. Sarah Dixon extraordinaire and You know your body better than anyone else, so a lot of Trekstock Young Adult author of Life, Lemons Ambassador, diagnosed and Melons diagnosed this will be about guiding you to support your intuition. with Breast in her 30s, with breast cancer in Dr Hazel Wallace passionate about food her 20s. Medical Doctor No matter where you are with your diagnosis – and how it helped (BSc, MBBCh, MSc) whether it was last week and you’re trying to figure her recovery. and founder of the food medic. out which way is up, or it was three years ago and you’re keen to find your new normal – we know how important it is to learn to trust your body again. Monika Siemicka Senior Specialist We hope you find this booklet empowers you Haematology and TYA and gives you the helping hand you need to Dietitian at Guys and St Thomas’s Hospital. make simple changes that suit you and your lifestyle. Food is a great tool for Jemima Reynolds doing just that. Health Programmes Lead for Trekstock For more information about anything you’ve read in the booklet, or to find out how Trekstock can support you, please get in touch at [email protected]. 6 TREKSTOCK FOOD AND CANCER – WHAT’S THE DEAL? 7 Section 1 Just been diagnosed? So if you’re considering going vegan because you read it’ll reduce your We know this isn’t a club you ever risk of cancer returning, or if you’re HOW FOOD SUPPORTS wanted to be part of. But we’re here desperate to know how to combine to help you make sense of some of a new lifestyle with a balanced diet, RECOVERY the trickier parts of this section of we’ve got you. your life. Why is food so important? Those early days of cancer are A few years down the A healthy, balanced diet provides all the nutrients we need a whirlwind where it’s hard to line but keen to know to support our body’s functions. Bodies do amazing things remember who you are, let alone more about looking what on earth you’re doing with every day but we need to give them the right tools to help yourself. Food can be a great after yourself? them do that, especially if they’re being put through their place to reconnect with your body Cancer changes things. And it keeps paces elsewhere. and look after yourself at what’s changing things long after treatment otherwise a pretty turbulent time is over. No matter how long it is since Good nutrition during and beyond Important: (understatement of the year). your diagnosis, we know there’s a chance you still have questions. So cancer treatment can help us to Despite what you might have maintain a healthy weight, retain Whether you’re looking for guidance with research changing all the time, read in the darkest depths of on what to eat to aid your recovery we’ve pulled together information to muscle mass and strength and the internet, no one ‘food’ or ‘dietary decrease overall side effects. from surgery or what you might be help you continue on with your happy pattern’ directly causes (or cures!) able to tolerate during chemo, we and healthy lifestyle on your terms. cancer so there’s no need to be overly want to help. But cancer itself and cancer restrictive with your diet. treatments can make it harder to ‘First things first. eat a healthy diet due to changes Food is about so much more than Recently finished treatment in your taste, smell or ability to just nutrition – it provides enjoyment and trying to find that Dealing with the absorb nutrients. while sharing food with others is elusive ‘new normal’? side effects of crucial for our social health too. So During treatment it’s super try not to get so bogged down in the Finishing treatment can be an ordeal treatment is hard important that you’re giving nutritional nitty gritty at the expense in itself. It can be a time that’s rife with yourself the right amount of enjoying the food you eat. uncertainty and anxiety, among all the enough, let alone of protein and calories to prevent other challenges that you’re facing. malnutrition, and to allow your body coping with changes to recover and heal. Should I change my diet? During times of stress, eating well to your body image You certainly don’t have to but we can be something that suffers. But would always encourage you to retain working out the best ways to look too – remember to be or adopt as many healthy eating after yourself is absolutely crucial. habits as you can, during treatment or And science says that the emotional kind to yourself.’ beyond. If you are considering making and mental benefits of cooking are Alice May Purkiss any changes, then we’re here to help multiple. It’s a way to channel energy guide you through the ‘facts’ and into something positive, a useful dispel the ‘faff’ when it comes to diet distraction and a way to express and cancer. emotions through a different medium. 8 TREKSTOCK FOOD AND CANCER – WHAT’S THE DEAL? 9 I’m not hungry and I’m Sometimes nourishing drinks are an SO WHAT SHOULD I EAT? easier way to get what you need.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Meat, Fish and Dairy Products and the Risk of Cancer: a Summary Matrix 7 2
    Meat, fish and dairy products and the risk of cancer 2018 Contents World Cancer Research Fund Network 3 Executive summary 5 1. Meat, fish and dairy products and the risk of cancer: a summary matrix 7 2. Summary of Panel judgements 9 3. Definitions and patterns 11 3.1 Red meat 11 3.2 Processed meat 12 3.3 Foods containing haem iron 13 3.4 Fish 13 3.5 Cantonese-style salted fish 13 3.6 Grilled (broiled) or barbecued (charbroiled) meat and fish 14 3.7 Dairy products 14 3.8 Diets high in calcium 15 4. Interpretation of the evidence 16 4.1 General 16 4.2 Specific 16 5. Evidence and judgements 27 5.1 Red meat 27 5.2 Processed meat 31 5.3 Foods containing haem iron 35 5.4 Fish 36 5.5 Cantonese-style salted fish 37 5.6 Grilled (broiled) or barbecued (charbroiled) meat and fish 40 5.7 Dairy products 41 5.8 Diets high in calcium 51 5.9 Other 52 6. Comparison with the 2007 Second Expert Report 52 Acknowledgements 53 Abbreviations 57 Glossary 58 References 65 Appendix 1: Criteria for grading evidence for cancer prevention 71 Appendix 2: Mechanisms 74 Our Cancer Prevention Recommendations 79 2 Meat, fish and dairy products and the risk of cancer 2018 WORLD CANCER RESEARCH FUND NETWORK Our Vision We want to live in a world where no one develops a preventable cancer. Our Mission We champion the latest and most authoritative scientific research from around the world on cancer prevention and survival through diet, weight and physical activity, so that we can help people make informed choices to reduce their cancer risk.
    [Show full text]
  • Diet, Nutrients, Phytochemicals, and Cancer Metastasis Suppressor Genes
    Cancer Metastasis Rev DOI 10.1007/s10555-012-9369-5 Diet, nutrients, phytochemicals, and cancer metastasis suppressor genes Gary G. Meadows # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC (outside the USA) 2012 Abstract The major factor in the morbidity and mortality of EGF Epidermal growth factor cancer patients is metastasis. There exists a relative lack of EGFR Epidermal growth factor receptor specific therapeutic approaches to control metastasis, and EPA Eicosapentaenoic acid this is a fruitful area for investigation. A healthy diet and IFN Interferon lifestyle not only can inhibit tumorigenesis but also can have KAI1 Kangai 1 a major impact on cancer progression and survival. Many MALL Mal-like chemicals found in edible plants are known to inhibit meta- MAPK Mitogen activated protein kinase static progression of cancer. While the mechanisms under- MKK Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase lying antimetastatic activity of some phytochemicals are miR Micro RNA being delineated, the impact of diet, dietary components, NDRG N-myc downstream-regulated gene and various phytochemicals on metastasis suppressor genes NM23 Nonmetastatic gene 23 is underexplored. Epigenetic regulation of metastasis sup- PDCD Programmed cell death pressor genes promises to be a potentially important mech- PEBP Phosphatidylethanolamine binding protein anism by which dietary components can impact cancer PTEN Phosphatase and tensin homolog metastasis since many dietary constituents are known to RASSF Ras-associated domain family modulate gene expression. The review addresses this area RECK Reversion-inducing-cysteine-rich protein with of research as well as the current state of knowledge regard- kazal motifs ing the impact of diet, dietary components, and phytochem- RhoGDI2 Rho GDP-dissociation inhibitor 2 icals on metastasis suppressor genes.
    [Show full text]
  • Dietary Carcinogens and Anticancer Effect of Bioactive Food Components
    Journal of High Institute of Public Health 2015; 45(1):32-41. Review Article Dietary Carcinogens and Anticancer Effect of Bioactive Food Components Neveen F. Agamy¥ Food Analysis, Nutrition Department, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria, Egypt Abstract Available on line at: Nutrition plays a crucial role in the prevention of chronic diseases, as most of them can be related to www.ebscohost.com/academic/arab- diet. Diet is an important factor in determining cancer incidence in many countries and regions. Diet world-research-source can have both positive and negative effects on carcinogenesis. Dietary carcinogens represent 30 to 35% of cancer causes. Several substances in diet such as mycotoxins, heterocyclic amines, www.Askzad.com polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, N-nitroso compounds and acrylamide have been associated with increased risk of cancer. Diet also contains bioactive food components (BFC) which prevent cancer ¥Correspondence: development. Their beneficial effects could be either maintenance or promotion of a state of well being or health and/or a reduction of cancer risk. Research on BFC continues to evolve albeit with Email: : [email protected] shared challenges among scientists in the field of cancer treatment and prevention. Certain compounds such as phytochemicals and probiotics have cancer preventing properties. Awareness of the importance of consumption of functional foods or BFC as well as the importance of the whole Suggested Citations: Agamy NF. diet rather than the isolated compounds as a cancer-preventive strategy for the general public should Dietary Carcinogens and Anticancer be promoted. Effect of Bioactive Food Components. JHIPH 2015;45 (1):32-41. Key words: dietary carcinogens, bioactive food components (BFC), cancer prevention.
    [Show full text]
  • Diet and Nutrition During Head and Neck Cancer Treatment
    PATIENT & CAREGIVER EDUCATION Diet and Nutrition During Head and Neck Cancer Treatment This information will teach you how you can change your diet to manage your side effects during radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or both for head and neck cancer. It’s important to get enough nutrition before, during, and after your cancer treatment. Getting enough nutrition can help you: Maintain your strength Keep your weight stable Fight infection Have fewer side effects Heal after surgery Read through this resource at least once before your treatment. You may also want to use it as a reference during and after your treatment. You can use the links in the “Navigate this article” area to the right to help you find the information that’s most useful at different times during your treatment. Clinical dietitian nutritionists are also available to help you plan your diet during and after treatment. They can help make sure you get enough nutrition. To make an appointment with a clinical dietitian nutritionist, call 212-639-7312 or ask a member of your healthcare team to help you. Diet and Nutrition During Head and Neck Cancer Treatment 1/16 About Your Nutrition During Treatment It’s important to follow a well-balanced diet so you get enough nutrition during your treatment. This will help keep your weight stable and maintain your muscles and strength. Your clinical dietitian nutritionist will write down your nutritional needs in the box below. Keep them in mind when planning your meals. You need _______________ calories per day You need _______________ grams of protein per day You need _______________ ounces of fluid per day Tracking your weight Tracking your weight during treatment is important.
    [Show full text]
  • Prevention of Cancer Through Lifestyle Change and Screening
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by OAR@UM women compared with 2007.3 Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in males, Prevention of cancer through followed by lung and colorectal. For women breast cancer is the most common followed by lung and colorectal. Lung cancer is the lifestyle change and screening number one cancer killer for both men and women. 1 Charmaine Gauci MD, MSc, PhD, FRSPH, FFPH There is much evidence which shows 2 Dr Nadine Delicata MD, MSc, MBA that about 40% of all cancer cases are preventable (Table 1). In fact prevention 1Director, Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Directorate offers the most cost-effective long-term The Emporium, 5B C De Brocktorff Str, Msida strategy for the control of cancer. Lifestyle Email: [email protected] factors continue to be causally related to certain cancers including tobacco 2Head, Health Screening Services use, unhealthy diet, alcohol overuse and Director National Breast Screening Programme inadequate physical activity.4 17, Lascaris Wharf, Valletta Secondary prevention measures include Email: [email protected] screening. Screening for cancer involves the application of a simple test in a healthy Educational aims asymptomatic population to identify early disease. The main objective of cancer • To provide evidence base for prevention screening (and subsequent treatment) is to • To describe the lifestyle factors affecting cancer shift the stage at which disease presents • To describe effectiveness of screening thus extending life and reducing cancer mortality. Other important considerations Key words include the economic cost and the potential cancer, prevention, lifestyle, screening programmes, effectiveness effects on quality of life, which may be beneficial or harmful.
    [Show full text]
  • Future Directions in Cancer Prevention
    REVIEWS Future directions in cancer prevention Asad Umar1, Barbara K. Dunn2 and Peter Greenwald 3 Abstract | Prevention of cancer remains the most promising strategy for reducing both its incidence and the mortality due to this disease. For more than four decades, findings from epidemiology, basic research and clinical trials have informed the development of lifestyle and medical approaches to cancer prevention. These include selective oestrogen receptor modulators and aromatase inhibitors for breast cancer, the 5‑α-reductase inhibitors finasteride and dutasteride for prostate cancer, and the development of vaccines for viruses that are associated with specific cancers. Future directions include genetic, proteomic and other molecular approaches for identifying pathways that are associated with cancer initiation and development, as well as refining the search for immunologically modifiable causes of cancer. Globally, cancer is the leading cause of death in devel- cancer, as can aspects of the immune response, such oped countries and the second leading cause of death as immunoediting7. in developing countries, where the cancer burden is The physiological goal of cancer prevention is to inter- rising. Estimates for 2008 pointed to 12.7 million can- cept these processes in order to inhibit progression to the cer cases and 7.6 million cancer deaths worldwide1,2. invasive stage (FIG. 2). An understanding of the accumu- Despite improvements in the treatment of various lating genetic and other molecular alterations that char- common cancers, a large cancer burden remains, pro- acterize progressively advanced, pre-malignant lesions 1National Cancer Institute, viding a growing incentive to address this problem by will offer targets for putative, preventive interventions.
    [Show full text]
  • Diet and Cancer Prevention
    Diet and Cancer Prevention Fact Sheet 9.313 Food & Nutrition Series | Health By J. Clifford and C. Didinger* (12/19) Quick Facts What is Cancer? Obesity and Cancer: What Lifestyle choices such is the Relationship? as poor diet, lack of Cancer refers to the rapid physical activity, formation of abnormal cells. Cancer The American Cancer Society (ACS) obesity, tobacco, and alcohol use are all can affect any part of the body, and reports that one out of every five associated with an it represents a complex interaction cancer deaths in the United States increased risk for between genetics and external is attributable to the preventable agents. However, some cancer is cancer. factors of overweight or obesity, More than half of also highly preventable through sedentary behavior, excess alcohol cancer cases could be healthy lifestyle choices. intake, and/or poor diet. Indeed, prevented using overweight or obesity is linked to current knowledge. What Increases the Risk an increased risk of at least 13 types Key cancer for Cancer? of cancer. organizations recommend a primarily plant-based Risk factors for cancer are often Approximately two-thirds of diet, with limited associated with lifestyle, Americans are overweight or consumption of red behavioral, and environmental obese. However, one of the most meat, processed meat, exposures; these risk factors are important factors in cancer and alcohol. usually preventable. Key risk prevention is healthy weight Obesity associates factors to avoid to lower the risk of maintenance throughout life. with cancer risk. developing cancer include: Weight maintenance can be Consuming whole 1.Overweight or obesity achieved by balancing caloric foods as part of a 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Prevention & Early Detection Facts & Figures 2019-2020
    Cancer Prevention & Early Detection Facts & Figures 2019-2020 Current* Cigarette Smoking (%), Adults 18 Years and Older by State, 2017 WA NH ME MT ND VT OR MN ID MA SD WI NY WY MI RI IA PA CT NV NE OH NJ UT IL IN CA DE CO WV KS VA MD MO KY DC NC TN AZ OK NM AR SC MS AL GA TX LA AK FL 22% to 26% 18% to 21% PR 15% to 17% HI 9% to 14% *Smoked 100 cigarettes in lifetime and are current smokers (regular and irregular). Source: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2017. Contents Introduction 1 Infectious Agents 32 References 1 Human Papillomavirus 32 Highlights, CPED 2019-2020 1 Helicobacter Pylori 34 Hepatitis B Virus 35 Tobacco 2 Hepatitis C Virus 37 Cigarette Smoking 2 Human Immunodeficiency Virus 38 Other Combustible Tobacco Products 3 Epstein-Barr Virus 38 E-cigarettes (Vaping Devices) 4 References 38 Smokeless Tobacco Products 7 Secondhand Smoke 7 Occupational and Environmental Cancer Tobacco Cessation 8 Risk Factors 40 Reducing Tobacco Use and Exposure 9 Occupational Cancer Risk Factors 41 References 12 Environmental Cancer Risk Factors 41 Conclusions 44 Excess Body Weight, Alcohol, Diet, References 44 and Physical Activity 14 Excess Body Weight 14 Cancer Screening 45 Alcohol 16 Breast Cancer Screening 45 Diet 18 Cervical Cancer Screening 48 Physical Activity 21 Colorectal Cancer Screening 50 Type 2 Diabetes 22 Lung Cancer Screening 53 Community Action 22 Prostate Cancer Screening 53 References 25 Endometrial Cancer Screening 54 Cancer Screening Obstacles and Opportunities to Ultraviolet Radiation 27 Improve Utilization 54 Solar UVR Exposure 27 American Cancer Society Recommendations for the Early Artificial UVR Exposure (Indoor Tanning) 27 Detection of Cancer in Average-risk Asymptomatic People* 55 UVR Exposure and Protective Behaviors 28 References 57 Prevention Strategies in Skin Cancer 29 Special Notes 58 Early Detection of Skin Cancer 30 Glossary 58 References 31 Survey Sources 59 Global Headquarters: American Cancer Society Inc.
    [Show full text]
  • Empirically Derived Dietary Patterns and Risk of Postmenopausal Breast Cancer in a Large Prospective Cohort Study1–3
    Empirically derived dietary patterns and risk of postmenopausal breast cancer in a large prospective cohort study1–3 Ellen M Velie, Catherine Schairer, Andrew Flood, Jian-Ping He, Ravindra Khattree, and Arthur Schatzkin ABSTRACT of total fat and refined carbohydrate may increase breast cancer Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article/82/6/1308/4648925 by guest on 24 September 2021 Background: Inconsistent associations have been reported between risk (2, 4, 5), and total vegetable intake—particularly cruciferous diet and breast cancer. vegetable intake (6)—phytoestrogens (4), and fruit intake (2) Objective: We prospectively examined the association between may reduce risk, but the results of recent cohort studies measur- dietary patterns and postmenopausal breast cancer risk in a US-wide ing adult diet do not support an association (3, 7–9). cohort study. The examination of dietary patterns has been suggested as an Design: Data were analyzed from 40 559 women who completed a alternative to quantify aggregate diet risk for chronic disease self-administered 61-item Block food-frequency questionnaire in (10–16). Results from studies of single nutrients and foods may the Breast Cancer Detection Demonstration Project, 1987–1998; be inconsistent because they cannot disaggregate individual ef- 1868 of those women developed breast cancer. Dietary patterns were fects of highly correlated foods and may be unable to account for defined by using principal components factor analysis. Cox propor- synergistic interactions of food combinations and constituents or tional hazard regression was used to assess breast cancer risk. other factors that may affect nutrient bioavailability (eg, cooking Results: Three major dietary patterns emerged: vegetable-fish/ practices) (10–18).
    [Show full text]
  • Diet, Nutrition, Physical Activity and Breast Cancer
    Diet, nutrition, physical activity and breast cancer 2017 Revised 2018 Contents World Cancer Research Fund Network 3 Executive Summary 5 1. Summary of Panel judgements 12 2. Trends, incidence and survival 16 3. Pathogenesis 17 4. Other established causes 18 5. Interpretation of the evidence 19 5.1 General 19 5.2 Specific 19 6. Methodology 20 6.1 Mechanistic evidence 21 7. Evidence and judgements 21 7.1 Non-starchy vegetables 22 7.2 Foods containing carotenoids 25 7.3 Dairy products 30 7.4 Diets high in calcium 32 7.5 Alcoholic drinks 34 7.6 Physical activity 43 7.7 Vigorous physical activity 48 7.8 Body fatness in young adulthood 52 7.9 Body fatness 56 7.10 Adult weight gain 79 7.11 Adult attained height 84 7.12 Birthweight 89 7.13 Lactation 92 7.14 Other 95 8. Comparison with the Second Expert Report 95 9. Conclusions 96 Acknowledgements 98 Abbreviations 100 Glossary 101 References 107 Appendix: Criteria for grading evidence for cancer prevention 119 Our Cancer Prevention Recommendations 123 WORLD CANCER RESEARCH FUND NETWORK OUR VISION We want to live in a world where no one develops a preventable cancer. OUR MISSION We champion the latest and most authoritative scientific research from around the world on cancer prevention and survival through diet, weight and physical activity, so that we can help people make informed choices to reduce their cancer risk. As a network, we influence policy at the highest level and are trusted advisors to governments and to other official bodies from around the world.
    [Show full text]
  • Diet and Cancer Treatment: Tips for Healthy Eating
    Diet and Cancer Treatment: Tips for Healthy Eating Fact Sheet 9.332 Food & Nutrition Series | Health By J. Clifford and C. Didinger* (12/19) Quick Facts A Plant-Based Eating weight can predict a reduced A largely plant-based Pattern response to treatment, thus those diet with limited undergoing treatment for cancer consumption of alcohol, should try to maintain a healthy red meat, and Emphasis on whole foods of plant processed meat is weight and avoid losses or gains origin can promote health, provide recommended for those in weight. Research shows that key nutrients, and support at risk for or with cancer patients who retain a maintenance of a healthy weight. cancer. Institutions like the World Cancer healthy weight and maintain a Side effects from Research Fund recommend limiting good nutritional status have fewer cancer treatment may red meat intake (i.e. beef, lamb, complications, regardless of the include reduced and pork) and avoiding processed form of treatment. Fewer appetite, taste alterations, diarrhea, meat (e.g. bacon, ham, and hot complications result in improved constipation, and dogs). See fact sheet 9.313 Diet response and tolerance of treatment, reduced illness, fewer difficulty swallowing, and Cancer Prevention for more which may result in infections, shorter hospital stays, details about healthy eating tips. weight loss. and an overall higher quality of life. It is important to A healthy weight is important for maintain a healthy increased energy levels, strength, weight during cancer and coping with the side effects of treatment, which may cancer treatment. reduce the risk for complications. Dietary Tips for Healthy Weight During treatment, Maintenance immune system function may be compromised, so it is The following tips are useful for all important to always Cancer and Nutrition: The cancer patients.
    [Show full text]
  • The Rationale for a Role for Diet and Nutrition in the Prevention And
    1 The Rationale for a Role for Diet and Nutrition in the Prevention and Treatment of Cancer (Full Text) Jean Logan1* and Megan W. Bourassa2 1. Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAI2R) Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, 660 First Ave New York, New York 10016, USA 212-263-4862 [email protected] 2. Sackler Institute for Nutrition Science The New York Academy of Sciences 250 Greenwich St New York, New York 10007 [email protected] *Corresponding author Conflicts of interest: None declared 2 Abstract There is considerable evidence to support dietary recommendations for prevention of cancer as well as for patients undergoing or recovering from cancer treatment. We consider here implications from human, animal and in vitro studies of the effects of dietary factors (macronutrients and micronutrients-phytochemicals) on cancer. An important epidemiology study, the China Project found a significant correlation between disease incidence (cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes) and markers of animal product consumption. Evidence of the role of animal protein in the promotion of cancer also comes from animal studies. Food restriction as in some form of fasting has been shown in human and animal studies to slow cancer progression. Phytochemicals from whole plant foods are protective against oxidative stress, inhibit cell proliferation, induce cell-cycle arrest, and apoptosis, act as antiangiogenesis factors and inhibit COX-2, which has been related to metastasis. Some mechanisms that mediate the effect of diet on cancer involve cell signaling through insulin factors and mTOR, a nutrient sensing complex related to growth, altered gene expression through epigenetics, and the effects of microbial metabolites produced by the gut microbiota which is strongly influenced by dietary factors.
    [Show full text]