.'

UNITED.. STATES. OF AMERICA (iongr£ssional1R£cord

th PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES OF THE 89 CONGRESS FIRST SESSION

VOLUME Ill-PART 15

AUGUST 10, 1965, TO AUGUST 18, 1965 (PAGES 19743 TO 20994)

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON, 1965 19760 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE FIVE YEARS AS A NATION: THE lation in the world cannot guarantee coordinator, I can reportt9 you tonight that IVORY COAST racial equality. Up to now, we have ac­ determined efforts are being·tnade Within complished the legal abolition of the the Federal structure. ...' Mr. HARTKE. Mr. President, Satur­ practices of segregation, and we have But now the American people have been day, August 7, was the national inde­ called to answer another, more challenging pendence day for the Republic of Ivory obtained a grudging tolerance, a lower­ question: Do we have the imagination, the ing of formal legal barriers, a removal commitment, an.d compassion to construct Coast. This new nation under the able of "white only" signs from drinking a society Which gives fUll meaning to the leadership of President Felix Houphouet­ fountains, school doors, and waiting phrase "full citizenship," Where every citizen Boigny has earnestly undertaken its rooms. We must do more than achieve has an equal opportunity in fact-not just in international responsibilities as a sover­ minimum compliance with the law, mo­ law? eign state. Six weeks after her inde­ For the first time in history, this Nation pendence in 1960, the Ivory Coast was tivated more by the fear of jails than by possesses the intellectual strength and the admitted to the United Nations and was an honest request for one's fellow man. economic resources to create the conditions later elected to a seat on the Security While this is necessary and worthy of in which every American can be a fUll partner our first efforts, it is merely an initial in the enterprise of democracy.. Council for the term beginning January We possess the knOWledge and the wealth. 1964. Within Africa the Ivory Coast goal. Beyond this lies the true meantrig of But do we also possess the determination and commands great respect, for President the will to complete this task? _ Houphouet-Boigny since his early career "integration." Beyond this lies accept­ To be sure, a.number of Negroes have over­ in preindependence days has been a ance-acceptance of every fellow citizen come great handicaps and are able to com­ dynamic and devoted leader for regional as a man with heart and mind, body and pete on equal terms with other citizens. In­ cooperation on the African continent, soul. This goal may remain unreached deed, all the men of Alpha-represented by maintaining that the only true road when every lunch counter in the Nation such men as Thurgood Marshall, Whitney to has dropped its formal barriers to Negro Young, Martin Luther King, John Johnson, African solidarity is through step-by­ and Judge Perry B. Jackson, JUdge Sidney step economic and political cooperation entry. It may remain unreached when every Negro is allowed the full and equal A. Jones. and Judge L. Howard Bennett-are with recognition of the principle of non­ notable representatives of the American intervention in the internal affairs of right to vote and participate in the politi­ Negro community today capable of both pro­ sister African states. cal process of his State and city. It may, ducing and enjoying the benefits of American To this nation which shuns involve­ as well, remain unreached when the last society. ment in cold war issues yet remains a Negro has stepped off the sidewalk and We know of. the encouraging increase of friend of the West the United States has tipped his hat to the passing white man. Negro enrollment in college and in profes­ But we must begin now to reach the day sional schools, of the rising income level provided modest economic aid, support­ among Negroes. of more challenging and ing the Ivory Coast's program of rapid, when we have a nation in which every man is accepted at his own worth. responsible jobs available to Negroes, and orderly economic development. With of the declining rate of school dropouts an economy alreadY more diversified Mr. President, I call the attention of among Negroes as compared to the popula­ than any other in west Africa, the Ivory the U.S. Senate to this remarkable tion in general. Coast has undertaken to increase public speech, and ask unanimous consent that We know that Negro Americans are suc­ expenditure and encourage greater pri­ it be printed in the RECORD at this point. ceeding despite the handicaps of prejudice, There being no objection, the address of closed doors, of limited or noneXistent vate investment in the growing indus­ educational opportunities, and of the deep trial sector, looking forward to 1970 as was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as follows: psychological wound of being a Negro in a the terminal date for foreign assistance period where this usually meant second-class needs. REMARKS BY VICE PRESIDENT HUBERT HUM­ citizenship and back-of-the-bus treatment. Mr. President, it has long been the PHREY, CoNVENTION, ALPHA PHI ALPHA But despite the advances of this Negro belief of Americans that a people's in­ FRATERNITY, CHICAGO. AUGUST 9,1965 minority, we know also the pathos of count­ terests are best served and the poten­ It is an honor and a pleasure to be back less citizens in this country. These people with Alpha Phi Alpha tonight. In 1948, I are almost a nation unto themselves-an tialities for liberty most promoted spoke before your annual convention at At­ underdeveloped country of urban ghettos and through self-determination of political lantic City. rural slums whose inhabitants are only dimly and economic policy. It is this belief, At that time you were concerned with aware of the advances In civil rights and are inextricably bound up With our own awakening Negroes to the potentialities of only rarely touched by them. heritage, that causes us to take pride in fUll citizenship and fine.educatlon, with pro­ President Johnson spOke about the stark the achievements of such newly inde­ Viding money through scholarships and loans dimensions of this other America in .his pendent nations as the Republic of Ivory to the talented who couId benefit most from Howard University address. He pointed to Coast. I know that many Americans advanced learning, and With fighting legal the uprooted. the unemployed,· and the dis­ join with me in saluting the people of battles to strike down discriminatory bar­ possessed. He pointed to staggering prob­ riers. lems of unemployment, of disease, of illit­ the Ivory Coast as they celebrate their At that time I was about to first enter the eracy, of income, of .infant. mortality, of national independence. U.S. Senate. family disintegration, and .of housing. At that time this country was slOWly be­ It is for this other America" living under coming ll,ware of the critical social issue of a dark cloud of discrimination andprejudice, THE CHALLENGE OF CIVIL RIGHTS the postwar period-the fUll entrance of the that we must now bend our efforts. We must Mr. MONDALE. Mr. President, on Negro Into American society. realize that although our lawll.are more Just Tonight. 17 years later. we have come a than before, true Justice remains. for many, a Sunday night, August 8, 1965, I had the long way. distant and unrealized promise. privilege of attending the Alpha Phi We have seen legalized prejudice and dis­ Our task now Is to meet ,the challenge of Alpha Fraternity Convention in Chicago, crimination stricken from the statute books this secoIJ.d phase of the Negro's struggl~ Ill. In an address to the convention, of America. to secure economic and soCial justlce--:to Vice President HUBERT H. HUMPHREY Many people of courage ll,nd dedication, secure self-sufficiency and self-respect.. brought to our attention in meaningful with black skins and with white, have We must give fulfillmeIlt to,the promise fashion the real challenge facing the risked-and sometimes lost--thelr lives In of our lll,ws, and our. words.• For. hollow human rights movement in the United assaulting the barriers of legalized discrimi­ phrases can only leave a ~itter tasteJnthe nation. mouths of those Who .speak them and deep States. He emphasized that·although The dignity and the compassion-the man­ and abiding,despair among .t:hose" who. hear we have created an adequate body of ifestation of true fraternal love---which has them" ".. ·;,.:c;,·,,:,' .. " ' legislation for equal legal rights, we characterized these efforts is a source of As we enter this phase, of .. thll"Negro's must begin to create a climate of equal pride to all Americans. struggle, ~w9 general pr9blllJ:pll:~ust be iso­ respect in which the capacities of all With the series of Supreme Courtdecl­ lated andconrr9nted: problllniS'ot substance men, whether Negro or white, for crea­ sions CUlminating in the historic Brawnv. and problems Of spirit.,:,,',:. . .. ,. tivity and the pursuit of excellence may Board of Education case in 1954-:-anq with ., We ,know that the problema.of iJubstance flourish and grow. the sequence of congressional actions leading are. complex and interwoven.' We, cll,nnot to the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Vot~ Identlfi./t sil1glli aspect of the Negro'sllfe and We should remember that the law, in ing Rights Act of 1965-thls Initial ph!\se try to deal WithIt alone. ,.'. . addition to being a coercive force, must of the civil struggle Is now drawing to a We 'cannot emphasize· jiistthe need for function as well as a teacher. By direct­ close. . , more jobs, or better housing. 'or Improved . trig the actions of the citizen, it must Much remains to be done until these deci­ education. ,~i, ,. J .t,"·d; produce a change in attitude. Without sions of our Government are fUlly imple­ More jobs cannot come without better ed­ a change in public attitUde, all the legis- mented-and, as the President's ciVil rights ucation. CONGRESSIONAL RECO~D- SENATE 19761 Better education depends upon stable hun­ disciplined, poorly dressed, and too often historic signing took place in the pres­ 1Ues and neighborhoods. poorly taught as well. ence of another man who has played a These in turn require better housing and Here is the chance to dispel forever the singularly important role in the fight healthfacillties.< And better housing and myth that children from deprived areas are health facilities call for better jobs. unable to learn. for a health-care law-the Vice Pres­ These are all related problems which must Here is the chance to prove that children­ ident of the United States, HUBERT H, be confronted together. regardless of their immediate environment­ HUMPHREY. We must also face the problem of spirit respond to determined and creative efforts It is indeed appropriate that the Vice Which plagues the Negro.•. We must under­ to illuminate their lives. President's name appears on the law in stand that generations of prejudice, depriva­ Our schools can rescue mi1l10ns of Negro his capacity as PresIdent of the Senate. tion, and subservience have lhduced in youngsters caught in the downward spiral of It Is, indeed, appropriate that he wIt­ Negroes the debllitating qUalities of pro­ second-rate education, functional illiteracy, found despair, apathy, indifference, and dis­ delinquency, despondency, and despair. nessed the successful culmination of trust. Our schools can help demolish the slums nearly 20 years of effort to bring greater What can we expect when hope is resolutely and ghettos themselves. security and well-being to our senior crushed from the young, when there are no For each child is an adventure into to­ cItizens. Jobs even for the educated, and no homes in morrow__a chance to break the old pattern As Senator from MInnesota, HUBERT good ·neighborhoods even for the hard­ and make it new. H. HUMPHREY either sponsored alone or working? We have the chance through education to was a cosponsor of a medicare bill in Our task is both delicate and vital. transform decayed and decaying neighbor­ every Congress In which he served cov­ We must try to replace attitudesof unim­ hoods into places where people can live and portanceandinferioritywith the quallties of work in health and safety. erIng the years 1949-64. During the 1st self-respect and. self-confidence. For prog­ The tools which the Federal Government sessIon of the 81st Congress in 1949 the ress will' come not only with llberation from has provided to assist in this process of edu­ Senator from Minnesota joined in spon­ discrimination in. housing, education, and cation, .and in the broader struggle against soring S. 1679 which Included a compre­ jobs, but also with liberation of the spirit. the problems of substance and spirit, rely on hensive health-care plan. Again in the We must teach men to exercise. their the initiative of our States and localities. 82d, 83d, 84th, 85th, 86th, 87th, and 88th uniquely human. capacities: the potential­ They demand, too, the intellectual and, in Congresses, the Senator from MInnesota ity for creativity and the incentive to pursue some cases, the financial resources of the excellence.. We must create a climate of private sector. Indeed, cooperation must be contInued the struggle on this vital equal rights. and equal respect in. Which the keynote of our efforts--eooperation be­ program. these capacities may. fiourish. For only then tween public and private, between local, When he Introduced S. 1511 on Feb­ will the InaJOrity of Negroes approach the State, and national, between all concerned ruary 3, 1959, during the 86th Congress, goal that is criticalin their fight;-the goal of parties. Senator HUMPHREY set forth the moral self-sumciency and self-respect. The Government is making.new commit­ and ethical arguments In favor of medi­ In this new, more dlmcult,. and less dra­ ments in an attempt to arrest the pattern care under the social securIty system: maticcampaign, no single· problem will be of social and economic disintegration. In more important than education. November, a White House Conference on One of the most important and pressing I do not have to tell the members of Al­ Civil Rights will bring national attention social problems which we face today is find­ pha that education is the keystone in the even more clearly to these great tasks. ing means to insure a life of dignity and arch. of freed9m. Surely, 1:f we are to help But our Government's w11lingness to carry decency for our older Americans. We in this the disadvantaged help themselves, we must much of the burden w111 be of no avail un­ great and wealthy country have a social and help them learn. We must marshal courage less concerned nongovernmental groups, moral obligation to prOVide adequate means and detenmnation and halt the tragic waste such as Alpha Phi Alpha, give us enthusiastic Whereby the elderly may enjoy a decent of our human resources. support. standard of living and may be free of con­ We must make sure that the laws prohib­ Charles Spurgeon Johnson. a distinguished stant anxiety over what will happen in time iting school segregation are properly en­ member of this fraternity and one of the of serious illness. forced. The U.S. omce of Education and the Nation's most eminent social scientists, Surely these words expressed the feel­ Department of Justice are today working dil­ stated it well when addressing college-edu­ igently. to eliminate segregation in those cated Negro men and women. ings of millions of American citizens SChools receiving Federal financial assistance. "The compe111ng urgency is to move With whose support this year finally trans­ And, in this regard, let me offer some plain haste from race relations to human rela­ formed medicare from legislation into talk: tions. ••• The issue of the rights of the law. We must understand that a school district Negro minority, as with all other racial and Mr. PresIdent, our VIce President cannot escape the constitutional mandate to cultural minorities in the Nation, is at this played a truly pIoneering role In the de­ desegregate merely by rejecting all Federal moment of history an urgent and imperative one of freedom and democracy Within the velopment of medicare legislation. To­ financial aid. Those districts which violate day I rise to thank. him and pay tribute constitutional requirements will be SUbject Nation-State." to desegregation suits brought by the De­ No longer can we concentrate solely on to him. I am confident that few laws partment of Justice. the most promising of the Negro young. passed by the Congress in recent years The choice for such districts is simply this: We must meet the challenge of broad pro­ brought him more personal satisfaction. to continue receiving Federal aid and de­ grams with broad action to help children of I ask unanimous consent that a sum­ segrate or to sacrifice Federal aid and de­ all classes, especially those oppressed by mary of each of the 14 medicare bills segregate anyway. poverty. Only when we have given our minds and Senator HUMPHREY sponsored durIng his But we must go far beyond enforcement. our hearts and our w111 to the quest for tenure in the Senate be printed at thIs It should not be a matter of forcing peo­ equal opportunity will we be equal to our point in the RECORD. This record will ple to do what is right. No. We must dem­ responsibllity. stand as public testimony to his vision onstrate ciearly-to all Americans-that all Only when the other nation of Americans and contribution to assuring that Amer­ Americans will benefit by better education can fully contribute to and share in the for those Who have been left behind. ica's elderly citizens have full opportu­ fruits of our progress will these Americans nIty for a life of health ami dignity in We must also demonstrate clearly-to truly be citizens of this land. those Who most need it, to those who have Only then will we fulfill America's promise their later years. been forced to exist in the shadows of our for all mankind: That free men, working to­ There being no objection, the summa­ .society-that education is the way to lift gether, can create a society of both oppor­ rIes were ordered to be printed in the themselves to something better. tunity and justice. RECORD, as follows: Through the Eiementary and Secondary Education Act, the Economic Opportunity MEDICARE BILLS SPONSORED OR COsPONSORED BY Act, the vocational education amendments, SENATOR HUBERT H. HUMPHREY, 1949-64 DEVELOPMENT OF MEDICARE THE SlST CONGREsS, 1ST SESSION and the Manpower Training and Develop­ LEGISLATION ment Act, this Congress and this administra­ S. 1679. Messrs. Thomas of Utah, Murray, tion have tried to create tools to help achieve Mr. MONDALE. Mr. President, on Wagner, PEPPER, Chaney, Taylor, McGrath, this. Thursday, August 5, 1965, the President and HUMPHREY. April 25, 1949 (Labor and Now the President has called for a new of the United States, Lyndon B. John­ Public Welfare) : Teaching Professions Act which would create son, went to Independence, Mo., to sign National Health Insurance and Public a National Teachers Corps to provide out­ Health Act: Declares the purpose of Con­ standing teachers with a sense of mission to the Social Security Amendments of 1965. gress is to relieve the shortage of qualified serve in both urban and rural slums. This trip was a warm gesture of grati­ personnel in the health professions, to ex­ Those who enlist in the corps will be sent tude and recognition to Harry S. Tru­ pand medical research, to aid in construction to. schools that most teachers regard as bad man who as President in 1948 pioneered of more hospital facllltles, to expand child assignments--wherechildren tend to be un- in the area of medicare legislation. This health and maternal care, and to establish