C O N TATA C T S Pleigerlleiiger PPlasllasti cs isi a divisiondiiviisiion off PaulPaul PleigerPleiiger Maschinenfabrik.MMaschinenffabbriikk. TheThhe PleigerPlleiiger group hashas over 500 employees worldwide with manufacturing faciliti es in the United States, Germany, Korea and China. Pleiger manufactures plasti cs, hydraulics, electronics, pneumati cs, pumps, laser opti cs and naval products.

Pleiger Plasti cs Company P.O. Box 1271 498 Crile Road Washington, PA 15301-1271 Tel: (724) 228-2244 Fax: (724) 228-2253 (800) PLEIGER (800-753-4437) [email protected] / www.pleiger.com

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Tough Urethanes for Tough Applicati ons

Paul Pleiger Maschinenfabrik Pleiger Thermoplast Pleiger Kunststoff GmbH & Co. KG GmbH & Co. KG GmbH & Co. KG PRINCIPLES OF Witt en, Germany Raisdorf, Germany Buchholz, Germany www.pleiger.de www.pleiger-thermoplast.de www.pleiger-kunststoff .de

Pleiger Maschinenbau Pleiger Electro-Hydraulic Pleiger Far East Co. Ltd. POLYURETHANE Pleiger Industrie-Kunststoff e Technology Co. Ltd. Pusan, Korea Pleiger Elektronik Shanghai, China www.pleiger.kr Witt en, Germany www.pleiger.de/pm www.pleiger.de WHAT IS POLYURETHANE? KEY TERMS

Modulus- The sti ff ness ofof an elastomer, measured typicallytypically asas thetthhe forcefoorcce requiredreequiredd to stretch a strip of the elastomerliM to a given extent. Modulusd l isi closelyl l relatedl d to Originati ng during World War II as an hardness. Measured in psi. alternati ve to rubber, polyurethane evolved from a laboratory curiosity into Mold Release Agent- A lubricant that prevents the surface from adhering to the an industrial product. Combining the mold. Typically silicon based but can also be wax or tefl on. outstanding properti es of rigid plasti c, metals, and rubbers, a superior plasti c Polyester- Polyester’s are resistant to petroleum based chemicals and are highly was born. What sets polyurethane apart resistant to cutti ng, tearing, and chunking. There are many varieti es of polyesters from other elastomers and steel is its each expressing unique properti es. resilience and overall toughness. Polyether- Polyether’s chemical makeup is a conti nuous chain making it hydrolysis Urethanes are made up of diisocyanate resistant. In additi on to water, it is also resistant to acid based chemicals and groups , polyols and an extender gasoline. Used in high-speed and load-bearing applicati ons and shock absorbing Polyol- Ester, Ether, Caprolatones applicati ons. There are two types of ether: PPG which is the lowest performance or Carbonates and PTMEG which is the highest performance type. Isocyanate- MDI, TDI, NDI, PPDI or TODI Polymer- The solid polyurethane produced from the chemical reacti on between Extender- Chain extender between the prepolymer and the curati ve. two isocyonates (Glycol and Amine) Polyurethane- The polymer prepared by reacti ng a polyisocyanate (prepolymer) with polyhydroxy-terminated compound (curati ve).

The terms urethane and polyurethane can be used interchangeably. There is a wide variety of urethanes available that are similar in characteristi cs but diff er in specifi c properti es. Service Temperature- Ambient temperature where an elastomer will sti ll maintain its modulus and physical properti es. Thermoset materials maintain a constant modulus over temperature up to their service temperatures. Thermoplasti c modulus and physical properti es typically decline as temperature increases.

Available as Thermosets Shape Factor- Constant used in spring calculati ons which relates compressed area to “free to bulge” area. Thermoset- Chemicals are combined and once the reacti on occurs, it is poured into a mold before the urethane cures or sets. This Tear Strength- A measure of the resistance of the elastomer to tear and gouge. process yields the high performance properti es that are not Tear strength usually correlates to the material’s abrasion resistance. ASTM D 470 obtained by any other process. Pleiger Plasti cs uses this or 624 process to make the Plei-Tech line of urethanes. Tensile Strength- The resistance of a material to a force tending to tear it apart, measured as the maximum tension the material can withstand without tearing. Measured in psi. ASTM D 412 1 10 KEY TERMS ADVANTAGES OF POLYURETHANE

Abrasion Resistance- The ability of a material to withstand mechanical acti on such Polyurethane compounds possess an extraordinary combinati on of physical, as rubbing, scraping, or erosion, that tends progressively to remove material from mechanical, and environmental properti es. The type of resin and the rati o its surface. Such an ability helps to maintain the material’s original appearance and between the resin and the curati ve can be varied to opti mize some of these structure. Also known as Taber or NBS Index. Measured in mg loss properti es.

Bashore Resilience- An ASTM test (D-2632) for the rebound characteristi cs of elastomer. High Bashore resilience generally implies low heat buildup in the roll when used at high speeds under high loads. Measured in % rebound.

Coeffi cient of Fricti on- Measure of a body’s resistance to moti on. Stati c and Kineti c; normally stati c is signifi cantly higher than kineti c. Advantages to using Polyurethane: Compression Set- The characteristi c of the elastomer to remain permanently • Excellent resilience deformed aft er deforming forces are removed. ASTM D 395 • Extra toughness and durability • Very high load bearing and cut resistance Conducti vity- The measure of a material’s ability to transmit electrical energy. • Low compression set Measured in ohm-cm. • Very good impact resistance • Excellent abrasion resistance Creep- The tendency of an elastomer or plasti c to change shape over ti me. • Oil, solvent and water resistance Durometer- The hardness of the fi nal elastomer, or the gauge used to measure the hardness. Shore A scales (ASTM D-2240) is commonly used as well as Shore D & O. Polyurethane Applicati on Comparisons Elastomer- A polymer that expresses elasti c properti es. Polyurethanes have defi nite advantages over plasti cs, conventi onal rubber and Durometer Gauge metals which make them a bett er substi tute in applicati ons where these materials Filled- Term describing a material which has secondary compounds added to are normally used.

aff ect physical properti es and performance. Common fi llers are glass fi ber, MOS2, clay, and silicans ... vs. Rubber ... vs. Metal ... vs. Plasti c • high abrasion resistance • lightweight • high impact resistance Hysteresis- The tendency of an elastomer to build up heat through cycles of stress and relaxati on. Higher stress or cycle speeds increase heat build up. Hysteresis • high cut, tear resistance • noise reducti on • elasti c memory should not be compared or confused with heat resistance. • superior load bearing • abrasion resistance • abrasion resistance • thick secti on molding • less expensive fabricati on • noise reducti on Isocyanate- Compound that reacts with a polyol and extender to form polyurethane. • colorability • corrosion resistance • broader hardness range • oil resistance • resilience • resilience MDI - Methylene diphenyl diisocyanate NDI - Naphthalene diisocyanate • ozone resistance • impact resistance • thick secti on molding TDI - Toluene diisocyanate • castable nature • fl exibility • lower cost tooling PPDI - Para-phenylene diisocyanate • broader hardness range • easily moldable • low temperature TODI - Ditolylene diisocyanate resistance

9 2 SELECTING POLYURETHANE WHY CHOOSE PLEIGER PLASTICS?

All Polyurethanes are not equal when it comes to performance. A thermoset urethane is created Founded in 1986, Pleiger Plasti cs by the molder. The type of polymer, the process Company was one of the fi rst parameters, and the rati o of curati ve play a criti cal molders in the United States role in the performance of the product. Pleiger to process Vulkollan, Europe’s Plasti cs uses only the highest quality raw materials highest performing polyurethane as well as sophisti cated procedures to produce the systems for molding engineering high performance products. parts. Pleiger Plasti cs’ business philosophy is to provide high performance, high quality polyurethanes worldwide.

By off ering full service molding, Pleiger Plasti cs gives its business partner cost-eff ecti ve soluti ons to diffi cult problems. Starti ng with short turn- around quotati ons, the Pleiger soluti on lets our Pleiger off ers engineering services to design or re-design molded parts to opti mize customers build the framework for a successful performance and moldability. Once designs are fi nalized, low cost prototypes are molding project. produced for fi eld testi ng and selecti on of the best compound. In additi on to custom molding services, Pleiger When using polyurethane keep in mind these few points: Plasti cs off ers a full range of polyurethane sheet, What is your applicati on? (Bumper, wheels, scrapers) rod, and tube semi-fi nished goods. Durometers What type of wear is the part exposed to? (Impact, sliding, impinging) range from 5A to 80D. Special colors and sizes are What are the environmental factors? (Chemicals, temperature, indoor/outdoor) available upon request. What material are you currently using? (Rubber, PVC, metal) Is this part typically replaced? If so, how oft en? What are its means of failure? A full testi ng lab is used to insure that products manufactured Determining the material’s by Pleiger meet our published durometer is criti cal when specifi cati ons. These lab services selecti ng polyurethane. can also be used to identi fy The durometer is one way existi ng products and determine to indicate the hardness an appropriate substi tute. All of or material’s resistance to these services are combined to permanent indentati on. opti mize design and performance, The Hardness Scale gives which leads to longer lasti ng an approximate measure products that can be eff ecti vely of materials and the molded and delivered anywhere corresponding durometer. worldwide. Pleiger off ers urethanes in 5A-75D. 3 8 VULKOLLAN (PLEI-TECH 15) PLEITECH POLYURETHANES

Vulkollan is a highly elasti c cross-linked polyurethane elastomer. It is the All of Pleiger Plasti cs’ Polyurethanes are marketed under highest grade urethane available, due to its superior mechanical characteristi cs: the registered name of Plei-Tech. The Plei-Tech name • High dynamic load capacity has become known worldwide for high quality and high • Higher abrasion and tear resistance than other compounds performance. • Highest modulus of elasti city of all elastomers • Excellent wear resistance and impact resilience All Plei-Tech polyurethanes are thermoset materials • Reduced compression set characterized by their unusual toughness. They combine • Good chemical resistance to UV radiati on, mineral oils, greases, and resilience and high load-bearing capacity with resistance to solvents impact, abrasion, and compression set, and degradati on by oxygen, ozone, and oil, over a wide temperature range.

Pleiger Plasti cs off ers over 15 diff erent Polyurethane com- pounds. Trained Sales Representati ves will help choose the right compound for your applicati on. Available from 5A (soft as gum rubber) to 80D (hard as a bowling ball).

Most Popular Plei-Tech Materials Specially recommended for towing applicati ons where load capacity, rebound resilience, conti nuous use, speed and durability are mandatory. Therefore, Polyester based compound developed in conjuncti on with Plei-Tech 22 Vulkollan is preferred for drive and load wheels for industrial trucks, and heavy to off er alternati ves to Plei-Tech 15. Plei-Tech 00 off ers outstanding tear duty material handling applicati ons. strength, good abrasion resistance, excellent resistance to petroleum-based Plei-Tech 00 chemicals, and is suited for moderate dynamic loading. Plei-Tech 00 is available in 70o A to 95o A. Maximum service temperature is 200o F. Standard color is red, however, this product is not color stable.

VULKOLLAN FOAM (PT-15 FOAM) Polyester based polyurethane. Plei-Tech 22 is a compound developed by Pleiger Plei-Tech 15 Foam is an open/closed Plasti cs Company as an alternati ve to Plei-Tech 15. Plei-Tech 22 off ers excel- lent abrasion resistance, solvent resistance, and resistance to petroleum based cell polyurethane foam based upon Plei-Tech 22 chemicals. Plei-Tech 22 is available in hardnesses from 40o A to 52o D. This Vulkollan (Plei-Tech 15) chemistry. It is compound generally meets MSHA approval. Maximum service temperature is excellent for shock absorpti on of light 190o F. Color coding is available. to medium loads at high frequency. A Plei-Tech 95 is a polyether based polyurethane. Plei-Tech 95 off ers excellent cellular Vulkollan piece is able to be performance in dynamic loading and shock absorpti on. Plei-Tech 95 is available compressed up to 70% of its original in hardnesses from 80o A to 75o D. Plei-Tech 95 is suited for applicati ons involv- height with minimal permanent set. Plei-Tech 95 ing hydrolysis, mild acids, and gasoline. This product generally meets MSHA Cellular Vulkollan complements solid approval. Maximum service temperature is 200o F. Standard color is black, however, this material is not color stable. Vulkollan in applicati ons where increased deformability and reduced sti ff ness are Plei-Tech 15 is a polyester based polyurethane that uti lizes NDI as a hard seg- ment. Plei-Tech 15 off ers excellent abrasion and cut resistance, and is well suited required. PT-15 foam parts are available for high dynamic loading. Plei-Tech 15 performs well in solvent and oil environ- in custom molded shapes as well as rod, Plei-Tech 15 ments, and is available in hardness from 60oA to 60o D. This compound generally sheet and tube. meets MSHA approval. Maximum service temperature is 200o F. Color is natural which is a light brown that turns to dark brown when exposed to UV light. (No properti es are lost in this color transformati on). 7 4 CUSTOM MOLDED POLYURETHANE PARTS

Pleiger Plasti cs was founded on the idea of molding high performance polyurethanes to meet and exceed the requirements of the most extreme applicati ons. Today we are even more committ ed to that simple concept.

A few of our specialti es include: Engineering new parts based on the applicati on Vulkollan Bumpers isolate and Doctor Blades are used in paper dampen high shock loads with manufacturing, coating, printing and Matching the right compound to wastewater treatment industries. your applicati on minimal permanent set. Tooling design for any applicati on Cost eff ecti ve molding techniques

Product Applicati ons

INDUSTRY APPLICATION Soft Touch Rollers used in transport Rollers are molded to suite small to Scrapers / Compacti on Equipment / Bucket Scrapers / prevent damage to surfaces while Constructi on large material transport applications. Bumpers / Tampers / Rammers retaining excellent abrasion resistance. Salt & Sand Spreaders - Salt Trucks Public Municipaliti es Cutti ng Edges - Plow Trucks / Check Valve Balls / Pumps

Mining Belt Scrapers / Conveyor Belts / Draft Rubbers

Power Transmission Couplings / Machinery / Vibrati on Isolati on Soft Touch Rollers / Box Machinery / Cutti ng Bars / Die Corrugated Box Blankets Check Valve Balls are excellent for Vulkollan Couplings allow smooth Newspaper Cutti ng Bars / Printi ng Press / Foam Pads / Doctor Blades abrasion applications. Available with transmission of high torque. and without inserts. Post Offi ce Rollers / Sorti ng Machinery

Printi ng Rollers / Cutti ng Bars / Transporti ng

Laundry Rollers / Material Handling Wheels / AGV’s / Automated Conveyors / Bushings / Automoti ve Mounts / Suspension Products Forklift s Wheels / Load Tires PT15 Wheels are excellent in high Cutting Edge Blades are used by load carrying applications. Exhibits airports, municipalities, etc. Abrasion Elevator & Escalator Rollers / Guide Rollers / Bumpers high abrasion resistance and resistant and resilient to prevent outstanding performance. damage and absorb impact. 6 5