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Ambiguity,*Liminality,*And*Unhomeliness*In*The*Book*Of*Judges:* An*Analysis*Of*The*Gendered*Pairs*And*Families* * * By* * Jennifer*Johnson*Williams*

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Ambiguity,*Liminality,*And*Unhomeliness*In*The*Book*Of*Judges:* An*Analysis*Of*The*Gendered*Pairs*And*Families* * * By* * Jennifer*Johnson*Williams* Ambiguity,*Liminality,*and*Unhomeliness*in*the*Book*of*Judges:* An*Analysis*of*the*Gendered*Pairs*and*Families* * * By* * Jennifer*Johnson*Williams* * Dissertation* Submitted*to*the*Faculty*of*the* Graduate*School*of*Vanderbilt*University* in*partial*fulfillment*of*the*requirements* for*the*degree*of* DOCTOR*OF*PHILOSOPHY* in* Religion* May,*2015* Nashville,*Tennessee* * Approved:* Jack*M.*Sasson* Douglas*A.*Knight* Annalisa*Azzoni* Herbert*R.*Marbury* Theodore*A.*Smith* * * * * * * ** * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Copyright*©*2015*by*Jennifer*Johnson*Williams* All*Rights*Reserved* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * To*my*children,*Parker*and*Sybil,** who*bring*such*joy*to*my*life* and* To*my*wonderful*husband,*Sean,** who*tirelessly*encourages*and*loves*me.* * * * * ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS* * * I*wish*to*thank*my*dissertation*committee*for*their*teaching,*mentoring,*and* support*throughout*the*years.*The*marks*of*their*influence*are*written*all*over*these*pages.* I*would*especially*like*to*thank*Dr.*Jack*M.*Sasson,*the*first*reader*and*advisor*for*this* dissertation,*for*opening*his*office*to*me*to*translate*Hebrew,*discuss*the*book*of*Judges,* and*pore*over*multiple*versions*of*these*chapters.*I*am*forever*indebted*to*him*for*his* time,*attention,*and*insights.** * I*am*grateful*to*the*various*institutions*and*professors*that*have*educated*and* formed*me.*The*wonderful*faculty,*staff,*and*students*at*Vanderbilt*University,*Lancaster* Theological*Seminary,*and*Southwestern*University*have*taught*me*much*about*learning,* teaching,*and*life*in*general.*In*particular,*Dr.*Julia*O’Brien*and*Dr.*Greg*Carey*continue*to* be*friends*and*mentors*and*provide*invaluable*support*and*wisdom.* * Appropriate*to*this*project,*I*must*thank*the*women*who*have*impacted*my*life.* Although*I*could*never*name*them*all,*Margaret*Perry,*Laney*Valian,*Kate*Davidheiser,* Jennifer*Lancaster,*Jacquie*Church*Young,*Jennifer*Potter,*Anabel*Proffitt,*Alyssa*Womack,* and*Sarah*SandersonZDoughty*have*each,*in*their*own*brilliant*ways,*modeled*for*me*and* encouraged*in*me*the*pursuit*of*a*fulfilling*and*faithful*life.*A*special*thank*you*goes*to*the* extraordinary*group*of*women*that*I*meet*at*The*Well*every*Tuesday*morning*for*being* my*cheering*section*over*the*last*few*years*as*I*have*prepared*to*birth*one*of*my*children* and*now*this*dissertation.*I*must*recognize*Dinah*Wade*for*her*counseling*and*guidance* and*for*accepting*candy*bars*as*compensation*until*I*could*acknowledge*her*in*my*first* book.*These*named*women*reflect*the*many*others*who*are*unnamed*but*not*forgotten* and*who*have*encouraged*me*to*find*and*speak*my*voice.*For*all*of*these*women*and*many* iii more,*for*the*women*who*are*heard,*and*for*those*whose*voices*continue*to*be*silenced,*I* am*eternally*grateful.* I*must*thank*friends*from*Texas*to*Pennsylvania*to*Tennessee,*and*everywhere*in* between.*Much*gratitude*goes*to*the*members*and*especially*the*youth*ministries*of*First* United*Methodist*Church*in*Boerne,*TX,*Hempfield*United*Methodist*Church*in*Lancaster,* PA,*and*West*End*United*Methodist*Church*in*Nashville,*TN*for*being*our*extended*family,* embracing*Sean*and*me*(and*eventually*Parker*and*Sybil)*as*your*own,*and*showing*us* and*the*world*Christ’s*love.*Many*thanks*go*to*the*crew*at*Ugly*Mugs,*for*the*best*coffee* and*most*comfortable*“office”*space*in*town,*and*for*the*incredible*community*that*your* staff*and*patrons*create.* * Nobody*has*been*more*important*to*me*in*the*pursuit*of*my*education*in*general* and*this*project*in*particular*than*my*family.*I*would*like*to*thank*my*parentsZinZlaw,*Ken* and*Kathy*Williams,*and*my*brotherZinZlaw*and*his*wife,*Chris*and*Jessica*Williams,*for* their*constant*encouragement,*prayers,*humor,*and*love.*I*can’t*believe*I*have*a*second* family*as*great*as*you.*I*am*grateful*for*my*grandmothers,*Dorothy*Mae*Cothran*Hill,*Betty* Lou*Alford*Johnson,*Betty*McGee*Clement*Johnson,*and*Aileen*Maynard*Hill,*who*have* demonstrated*unending*love*and*the*profound*strength*of*women.*My*cherished* grandfathers,*Ragnar*Edwin*Johnson*and*Herschel*Waylon*Hill,*deserve*special*recognition* as*my*models*of*hard*work,*dedication,*integrity,*and*love.*I*must*thank*my*talented,* inspiring,*and*ohZsoZcool*brother,*Dave,*who*understands*me*and*can*talk*to*me*about*the* crazy*world*of*academia*better*than*anyone*else*I*know.*My*parents,*Glenn*and*Debbie* Johnson,*have*supported*me*in*countless*ways*in*every*journey*I’ve*taken,*from*Virginia,*to* Georgetown,*to*France,*to*England,*to*Pennsylvania*and*to*Tennessee.*Without*falter,*they* iv have*loved*me,*believed*in*me*and*told*me*I*could*do*anything.*They*are*my*brilliant*role* models.*Most*importantly,*I*must*thank*my*exceptional*husband,*Sean*P.*Williams,*and*my* wonderful*children,*Parker*and*Sybil.*They*have*certainly*labored*with*me*through*this* project,*and*they*continue*to*love*me*immensely.*** * * v * * TABLE*OF*CONTENTS* * ***********************************************************************************************************************************************************************Page* * DEDICATION*...............................................................................................................................................................*ii* * ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS*........................................................................................................................................*iii* * Chapter** * 1.***Introduction*.........................................................................................................................................................*1* ****** ******Overview*................................................................................................................................................................*1* ******Methods*and*Approaches*...............................................................................................................................*3* *********Literary*Criticism*............................................................................................................................................*4* *********Feminist*Criticism*........................................................................................................................................*14* *********Anthropology*and*Postcolonial*Thought:*Liminality,*Unhomeliness,*and*the*Blurring*** **************and*Breaking*of*Boundaries!...................................................................................................................!21* *******Outline*of*the*Study*.......................................................................................................................................*37** *******Concluding*Remarks*.....................................................................................................................................*39* * 2.***The*pîlegeš*Caught*Between*Men:*“And*her*hands*on*the*threshold”*.....................................*42* * *******Introduction*......................................................................................................................................................*42* *******Focused*Reading*of*Judges*19*..................................................................................................................*43* *******Character*Analysis*.........................................................................................................................................*45* ***********Anonymity*.....................................................................................................................................................*45* ***********The*Man*..........................................................................................................................................................*49* ***********The*Woman!.......................................................................................................................................................!61* !!!!***Other*Narrative*Elements*...........................................................................................................................*80* ************A*Family*Affair*............................................................................................................................................*80* ************YHWH*.............................................................................................................................................................*84* ********Conclusion:*Ambiguity,*Liminality,*and*Unhomeliness*................................................................*86* *************Ambiguity*in*the*Final*Verse*...............................................................................................................*86* *************Liminal*Times*and*Spaces*....................................................................................................................*88* *************The*Condition*of*Unhomeliness*........................................................................................................*92* * 3.***The*Mothers*of*War:*“And*she*came*out*of*her*tent*to*greet*Sisera”…”and*she*peered*************** *********out*of*the*window”*......................................................................................................................................*94* * *********Introduction*...................................................................................................................................................*94*
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