North East High Level Review Entertainment & Transportation Noise Study

Prepared for:

City of

File: 177-08AII

June 2008

BKL CONSULTANTS LTD. e-mail: [email protected] @ website: www.bkl.ca #308 - 1200 Lynn Valley Road, North Vancouver, B.C. V7J 2A2 Phone: (604) 988-2508 @ Fax: (604) 988-7457 throughout the City, relative to events the background infrequent noise for noise of levels higher allow to revised be could By-law Control Noise The nearest existing residential tower and proposed hotel to the south. residential towers within 200 m and GM Place mi Performance The exceedances. by-law potential measuremen noise background A m. 300 within suites lik still would noise concert but locations, loudest noise levels. Closing the roof within 300 m, but also likely at the closest Olym open configuration. This situation would generally many at ar events sporting or concert if suites residential exceeded significantly be would limits By-law Control Noise the that predicted was It projects. ha that strategies design isolation noise with met balconies may be required for the nearest developm L the meet to order in permitted to exceed the by-law limits, special consider area would be adequate if the entertainment noise s One of the main findings was that standard acousti The criteria used in the evaluation were: calculation standards. for 3 scenarios. The software used is Cadna/A noise levels and event noise levels from BC Pl the for (SEFC) Creek False East South and Gate BKL Consultants has developed a 3D computer mode existing and future residential land uses that may be impacted by noise from the project. No the in venue performance outdoor an and Park The proposed project will involve the construction • the World the Health Organisation’s (WHO) guideline to assess sleep disturbance. which City’sNoiseControlBy-lawNo.6555; and the “Acoustics” 4.15 Section By-law, • Development and Zoning City’s • the • references Canadian Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) criteria; eq 24 35 dBA requirement for bedrooms. bedrooms. for requirement dBA 35 24 would reduce the subjective loudness of the noise by almost 50% at the Executive Summary ace, GM Place and the new outdoor Performance Space version 3.7, implementing internationally recognised pic Village towers because of the lower background e held with the proposed new BC Place roof in the in roof Place BC new proposed the with held e cal design for new residential towers in the project ght only exceed the nighttime by-law limits at the ve been used in the past on other noise exposed noise other on past the in used been ve ources meet the Noise Control By-law. If they are purposes of predicting road and SkyTrain traffic SkyTrain and road predicting of purposes occur for suites elevated above and facing the roof Space may exceed the daytime by-law limits at limits by-law daytime the exceed may Space ely be above the daytime by-law limit for those for limit by-law daytime the above be ely of residential and commercial towers, Creekside ents, but in all cases the 35 dBA criterion can be rth East False Creek (NEFC) area. There are There area. (NEFC) Creek False East rth level at that location, based on similar by-laws l of the study area, including residences in City ation will need to be made in the design stage t survey would better assist with estimating with assist better would survey t Single-loaded towers or enclosed or towers Single-loaded

BKL Consultants Ltd. as more detailed design information comes available. should be noted that the model developed can be re considera acoustical addressed only has report This 2008), and is recommended. Strachan (Brown report Strachan Brown the in mentioned as protective, more be would covenant are moving into a busy downtown area (activity zone For the new residential towers, it may be assumed th regardless of whether criteria are met. the amount of annoyance that the open roof of BC within the music and tones that are harder for the br more neutral noises, such as road traffic, of the It should be noted that music “noise” is expected reason to choose one option over another at this point. an amplification system to obtain a suitable signa have the potential to be reduced to acceptable levels All Performance Space location options presently ha developed. c issues noise some mitigate may that options across False Creek such as Olympic Village and City within the space and significant noise impacts Space. Performance outdoor Without proper acceptable attention an to the provide acoustical to essential be will work design acoustical Detailed Lake Park (Burnaby) concerts are not permitted to continue past 10:00 pm. sufficiently impact for nighttimenoise sporting its events mitigate but may not for roof Place BC the closing Alternatively, hours. daytime to Space Sleep disturbance can be avoided by limiting the an uncontrolled noise level for a certain number of events per year per venue. and standards developed elsewhere (e.g. UK). This in both the immediate neighbourhood and communities same decibel level because of the “message” contained hours of operation for BC Pl to be subjectively interpreted as more annoying than issues, there is a high chance for poor sound quality ud xcrae tes nes rpr eal are details proper unless others exacerbate ould Place and the new Performance Space could create, l-to-noise ratio. There is no significant acoustical fined further in order to perform detailed analyses approach may be more appropriate than allowing but it is still assumed that all events will require ) with nearby entertainment facilities, but a noise concert events. It is our understanding that Deer ve high ambient noise predictions. All locations Gate if pop/rock concerts are permitted. Design ain to ignore. Therefore, it is difficult to assess at residents moving in would be aware that they tions. Also, while this is a high-level study, it study, high-level a is this while Also, tions. ace and the Performance

BKL Consultants Ltd. References ConclusionsandRecommendations ...... 16 12.0 Other Considerations for the Performance Space 11.0 EffectofAmbient NoiseonthePerformance Space 10.0 Building9.0 Design Potential8.0 Adequacy NoiseControlBy-LawExceedances for ...... 12 Sleep7.0 EffectofNewBCPlaceRoof Disturbance6.0 ...... 12 Future5.0 Noise...... 8 Existing4.0 Methodology Noise ...... 8 3.0 Acoustic Terminology and Criteria 2.0 Introduction 1.0 ...... 1 ...... 2 ...... 9 Table ofContents ...... 1 ...... 14 ...... 10 ...... 14 ...... 13

BKL Consultants Ltd. Table 3 - Estimated Performance Space Ambient Noise Levels Table 2-BCPlaceRoofOptions,TypicalConcert NoiseLevelDifferences Table 1-Estimated SoundTransmission LossofExistingGMPlaceandBCRoofs Figure 14 - Predicted Background Music from Performance Space, Option 3 Figure 13 - Predicted Background Music from Performance Space, Option 2 Figure 12 - Predicted Background Music from Performance Space, Option 1 Figure 11-PredictedFootballCrowdNoisefrom BCPlace,Option1 Figure 10 - Predicted Concert Noise from BC Place, Option 1 Figure 9 - Predicted Concert Noise from GM Place, Option 1 Figure 8 - Predicted Future L Figure 7 - Predicted Future L Figure 6 - Predicted Future L Figure 5 - Predicted Existing L Figure 4-3DViewofStudyAreafrom theEast Figure 3-3DViewofStudyAreafrom theWest Figure 2 - Study Area Figure 1 - Noise Thermometer eq eq eq 24, Option3 24, Option2 24, Option1 eq 24 List of Figures List of Tables

BKL Consultants Ltd. bass, noise levels. used sometimes are networks “C-weighting” “dB”. than rather “dBA” designated often are levels frequency sound A-weighted the and hearing simulate human of to response meters level sound in employed commonly are networks weighting” to low and very high frequency sounds than to s frequency range from approximately 20 Hertz (Hz) wide a over occurs sound Audible pressure. reference a to relative air in variation pressure the of The basic unit of measurement in acoustics is the AcousticTerminologyandCriteria 2.0 propagation sound outdoor the using software Cadna/A. constructed been Existing has and area futu study the of model noise 3D A Gate area to the east are also concerned with noise impacts. Plaza of Nations and BC Place at residences in SEFC. It is understood that the residents in the City Vancouver Coastal Health Authority has documented Space Performance commented on the a number of acoustical topics that w on study recent A 2008). Strachan, (Brown Place BC and 2006) (BKL, Place GM near residential new of viability the assess to recently performed were studies Previous The objectives of this high-level noise study undertaken by BKL Consultants Ltd. are to: existing and future residential land uses that may be impacted by the project. No the in venue performance outdoor an and Park The proposed project will involve the construction Introduction 1.0 • comment on mitigation techniques that shoul that techniques mitigation on comment recommend criteria that should be used if these by-laws are inadequate; and to • the using achievable are uses land residential adjacent compatible whether • assess determine which scenario is preferred from a noise perspective; • • predict road and SkyTrain traffic noise le and Gate City in residences including area, study the of model computer a • develop • generation from the outdoor Performance Space. City’s Zoning and Development By-law and Noise Control By-law; GM Place and the new outdoor Performance Space for 3 scenarios; South EastFalseCreek(SEFC); re noise levels were predicted at residences within the study area. ounds in the mid frequency range (500-4000 Hz). “A- - 1 - decibel (dB) which represents a logarithmica ratio represents which (dB) decibel of residential and commercial towers, Creekside to 20,000 Hz but the human ear is less sensitive ill be important to consider (Eberle, 2008). The in criteria dealing with loud low-frequency, or low-frequency, loud with dealing criteria in rth East False Creek (NEFC) area. There are There area. (NEFC) Creek False East rth complaints with pop/rock performances at the vels and event noise levels from BC Place, d be investigated to control the noise the control to investigated be d

BKL Consultants Ltd. Vancouver over the years. Typical L in residences proposed and existing near measurements noise 24-hour many performed has BKL referred to as the background noise level. levels. The City’s by-laws have defined nighttime to extend from 10:00 pm to 7:00 am, so the L the so am, 7:00 to pm 10:00 from extend to nighttime defined have by-laws City’s The levels. during thetime periodbecausetheseloudesteven sound level. Since it is an energy average, it is level of sound which would contain the same amount oes t xo olvr ad mte Street, Smithe and Boulevard Expo at towers Other metrics are also used sometimes. Percentile levels, such as the L over this period is referred to as the nighttime L L abbreviated Level, Sound Equivalent The noise. environmental describe to used also are While the decibel or A-weighted decibel is the ba noticeable clearly is dB 6 of change A subjectively and an increase of 10 dB is generally perceived as being twice as loud. unnoticed. go probably will time of period extended of3 level in change abrupt An Place to at the east and almost to 1 Beatty Street and ye the within area the as shown area, study The Study Area 3.1 below. The methodology used to complete the objectives of Methodology 3.0 Noise levels will decrease as the distance is increased. Figure 1 shows a decibel “thermometer” scale with t levels typicallyrangefrom 65dBAto70dBA. near intersections of major arterial streets such per certain a for exceeded level (CMHC) Corporation Housing be measured over any period of tim commonly used to indicate the average dB willgenerallybenoticedwhilethesame changeinleveloveran guidelines use the 24-hour L centage of time, such as 10% or 90% of the time. The L The time. the of 90% or 10% as such time, of centage to the west of BC Place and Duns e with an integrating sound level meter. Canadian Mortgage and eq 24 values range from 55 dBA on sound level over a period of time. L st as Kingsway and Knight St Avenue on the south. It - 2 - strongly influenced by the loudest events occurring events loudest the by influenced strongly eq xo olvr bten eri ad Dunsmuir and Georgia between Boulevard Expo llow rectangle in Figure 2, roughly extends from extends roughly 2, Figure in rectangle llow sic unit used for noise measurement, other indices or the L ts contain most of the sound energy. The L The energy. sound mostthe contain of ts ypical noise levels at specific setback distances. of sound energy as does the actual time-varying the study contained in Section 1.0 is described n . eq , orL muir Viaduct to the north of GM eq 24, for assessing interior noise non-arterial streets to 75 dBA 10 includes existing residential or L reet. Measured downtown eq 90 represents the steady , represent the sound 90 is often is eq eq can , is , eq

BKL Consultants Ltd. the model. relative and temperature ambient humidity. different The approximate annual average values with slightly varies absorption sound Atmospheric this model except for existing park areas and the proposed Creekside Park. provide a higher level of sound attenuation, such as factorof absorption ground A lake. pavementa or factor absorption ground A effect. ground to due attenuation sound estimate to 1.0 to 0.0 from factor absorption ground a assign used standards The absorption coefficients. floors of the facades. First order sound reflections residential towers. The height of the receivers were generally defined Furthermore, to assess the highest grid. impacted m 10 by m 10 a on calculated 1.5 of heights receptor assumed for performed eval with comparison allow to decibels weighted spectrums octave assigned were sources noise The calculations are performed in octave bands sin model The project. Bridge Ears Golden the and improvementsproject Highway Sea-to-Sky the as th version 3.7. in This software has been implemented used to predic standards 1997) (NMPB, BKL has predicted residential noise exposures mechanisms. For outdoor noise sources noise attenuation is affected by; Outdoor sound propagation between the source and r Modelling 3.2 construction) and the proposed residences in NEFC. cl the includes also It Gate). (City Terminal Bridge Cambie near Boulevard Pacific Viaducts, sound can be reflected by physical barriers such as buildings. sound can be attenuated by physical barriers su • and wind by affected is and through passes it atmosphere the by absorbed is • sound sound spreads hemispherically with increasing distance from the source; • • ground cover such as grasses, shrubs and trees (sound is absorbed by the ground and • temperature gradients; ground cover that it passes over); ce outdoor sound propagation is using the ISO 9613 (ISO, 1996) and NMPB-Routes-96 osest new Olympic Village towers in SEFC (under SEFC in towers Village Olympic new osest otor on poaain otae Cadna/A, software propagation sound outdoor e - 3 - m relative to the ground and noise contours were contours noise and ground the to relative m t traffic noise impacts on such recent major projects and Quebec Street between and Viaduct Georgia between Street Quebec and uation criteria. Sound contour calculations were calculations contour Sound criteria. uation were also taken into account using typical facade of 10°C and 80% relative humidity were used in 1.0 would be used for “soft” ground that would that forground “soft”used be would 1.0 of 0.0 would be used for hard ground such as such ground hard for used be would 0.0 of , but the modelling results are presented in A- in presented are results modelling the but , grass. A factor of 0.0 has been used throughout eceptor is affected by several sound attenuation point receivers were modelled on most of the of most on modelled were receivers point ch as buildings, hills or mountains; and frequency dependant.

BKL Consultants Ltd. Three entertainment noise sources were modelled: Entertainment Noise Sources 3.4 sources. to assumed is but modelled not was noise Marine night. SkyTrain noise was also modelled assuming 650 pa power levels for road traffic based on this information. except 60 kph on Cambie Bridge and the viaducts. the day/night traffic percentage split is 85/15. Ve the major roads within the study area. Traffic data was obtained from the City of Vanc Traffic Noise Sources 3.3 potential noise levels. on estimate case) worst absolute not (but conservative a provide to order in gradient temperature norm than lower in result can temperaturecondition strong lapse a while normallevels, than sound higher in result can inversion result in sound levels that are essentially the same would occur, resulting in higher than normal sound le normally occur under calm conditions. would Conversel than levels sound lower in results that attenuation normal than higher cause will wind the in sound levels at large distances from the noise s The effect of wind and temperature gradients on model in the future. Creekside Park in and berming while earth that effect for has potential not is been there However, shielding. terrain any calculated not has model ar study the in terrain the Since .loudspeakers for the new outdoor Performance Space. theroofofBCPlace; and 3. theroofofGMPlace; 2. 1. ssumes downwind conditions and no and conditions downwind assumes model The levels. sound al ea is basically flat except for th for except flat basically is ea They advised that the truck percentage is 3% for all roads and ouver, including twenty-four hour traffic volumes for outdoor sound propagation can cause large variations - 4 - ources. When the receiver is upwind of the source, taken into account, it could be incorporated into the y, under downwind conditions, the opposite effect as those for calm conditions. Also, a temperature hicles were assumed to travel 50 kph on all roads The NMPB-Routes-96 standard calculated sound be insignificant relativ insignificant be ssbys during the day and 250 passbys during the vels. Crosswinds do not have these effects and e banks at the water, the Cadna/A the water, the at banks e e to road and SkyTrain and road to e

BKL Consultants Ltd. location. These assumptions are consistent with the time history observed for the interior noise interior the measurements conducted at the Bryan Adams concert at GM Place. for observed history time the with consistent are assumptions These location. mixingthe board at dBA 80 were concert (Burnaby) Park Lake Deer recent musica background at lower than the concert and crowd noise so they be and bands between playing be likely also would Brow on based spectrumshape) frequency different In order to model sporting event noise, the crowd noise interior reverberant L 0.5 hours of crowd noise was also added, al added, also was noise crowd of hours 0.5 collected, it was assumed that the duration of the c previously data the from available not was history time a Since 1. Table in shown is and BKL by L typical L The 2008). Strachan, (Brown 1992 in concert L reverberant interior the noise, concert The roof of BC Place was also determined to be its was defined assuming a concert length extending from 7:30 to 11:00 pm, or 3.5 hours. previously estimated at a Bryan Adams concert (B was defined using the typical interior reverberant The roof of GM Place was determined to be its onl the 2010 Olympic Games. Since this There was a recent announcement that the BC Place roof year and only during daytime hours so they have not been modelled. Truck and tractor pull events would produce highe levels might be 20 dBA lower than the crowd noise so they were not modelled. playing be likely also would music Pre-recorded in differences to according reduced was level this attendance (estimated 40,000 However, at the U2 concert, 30,000 at a football again. game, 15,000 at a soccer used game). was concert U2 the GM Place BC Place Partition Roof Roof Table 1:Estimated SoundTransmission LossofExistingGMPlaceandBCRoofs eq level.Thetransmission lossoftheroof 63 Hz 125 Hz 250 Hz 500 Hz 1 kHz 2 kHz 4 kHz 4 kHz 2 kHz 1 Hz 500 Hz 250 Hz 125 Hz 63 31 324 23 17 13 8 4 3 1723222928299 Estimated Sound Transmission Loss per Octave Band (dB) study is trying to predict future noise impacts, the new BC Place 10 level of 101 dBA was taken from data collected at a U2 a at collected data from taken was dBA 101 of level so with a 101 dBA interior reverberant L reverberant interior dBA 101 a with so - 5 - were not modelled.not were Measurements pre-recorded of level of 95 dBA and transm y significant noise source and its sound power level KL, 2006) and shown in Ta between plays and during intermissions but these but intermissions during and plays between 10 oncert noise level was 2.5 hours. Further to that, r maximum noise levels, but only occur once per only significant noise sour level was reduced by 1 dB to approximate the approximate to dB 1 by reduced was level was estimated basedonpreviousmeasurements fore the show but these levels might be 20 dBA might20 levels be these but show the fore n Strachan measurements. Pre-recorded musicmeasurements. Strachan n Pre-recorded would be replaced by a retractable roof after 10 ission loss data that was ble 1. The noise source level of 101 dBA from ce. In order to model 10 level (but level

BKL Consultants Ltd. No. 6555 have been used to regulate noise in reside S DevelopmentBy-law, and Zoning City’s The Significance Criteria 3.5 the entertainment noise sources in blue. and 2 and north for Option 3. Figure 4 shows a 3D The loudspeakers were pointing away from the water The three location options investigated for the outdoor Performance Space were: the concert was approximately 95 dBA, measured at the mixing board 23 m from the stage. Deer Lake Park on May 23, 2008 of the band REM. Noise exposure levels were also modelled for a modelled for the default case but is presented later as a mitigation option. mbe 10 distance a with stage Nations of Plaza old using the published JBL AM6340/64 driver directivity frequency-dependant The ground. the above m 7.8 to between bands. Two line arrays of loudspeakers we was based on the background music measured at Deer would be “background” pre-recorded music for 3 The outdoor Performance Space noise source was de the closed and open parts of the roof. between distinguish not does figure the but modelled was roof open m 85 by m 70 The towers. on Figure 3 shows the BC Place and GM portion oftheroof. non-retractable and crowd the to attributed is absorption space’s the of Most opening. roof the by level for crowd noise was decreased by 0.5 dBA to the existing fabric roof construction should be assume The mayroof. roof similarexisting be the to indicated that a retractable roof limitedin using modelled was roof .adjacent to the west side of Creekside Park. the foot of ; or 3. the existing Plaza of Nations site; 2. 1. with a 70 m by 85 m open area could be formation (Brown Strachan, 2008). The Brown Strachan report Strachan Brown The 2008). Strachan, formation(Brown Place roof noise sources in blue BC Pavilion Corporation (PavCo) has confirmedhas (PavCo) that Corporation Pavilion BC - 6 - ection 4.15 “Acoustics”, and Noise Control By-law Control Noise and “Acoustics”, 4.15 ection typical pop/rock concert based on measurements at account for the extra “sound absorption” provided hours during the daytime. The sound power level ntial spaces in Vancouver to this point. However, re modelled using vertical line sources from 3.3 m tween the two line arrays. A stage shell was not was shell stage A arrays. line two the tween The equivalent sound level over the duration of view from City Gate fo in all cases: towards the northwest for Options 1 d for now. Furthermore, the interior reverberant fined assuming that the dominant noise source Lake Park before the first band started and in directivity of the loudspeakers were defined were loudspeakers the of directivity data. The modelled stage was similar to the as well as receptor locations used and that the rest of the r Option 1, with view of

BKL Consultants Ltd. than 58 dBA or L which has a 3 minute L Section 11 requires that commercial premises must reception would be the closest residential balcony in this case. ni the during dBA 65 or day the during dBA 70 exceed in Intermediate or Activity zones. This mean According the City’s Noise Control By-law No. 6555, the residentia dBA since facade constructions do not attenuate lowfrequencynoiseaseffectively. compone bass heavy a with music concert noise; rail or when the fast-weighted maximum sound level, or L sleep disturbance can be expected when the nighttime L that suggests document The 1999). al., et (Berglund disturbance sleep to susceptibility residents’ Further to the existing criteria, World Health Orga L requirement is more limiting this than level, Section dBA the 6 to equal requireme or than greater always is level dBC the Since reception. of point the the L is 55-75 dBA unless special construction is used a L outdoor the if use residential for unacceptable normally is use land that recommends CMHC any acoustic study undertaken for a given project. noise measurements would likely not be taken duri to not exceed 35 dBA. Residences within the within new residential bedrooms that are adjacent to The Zoning and Development By-law has adopted study area. adequate be will by-laws these whether to as somequestion is there oee, t s motn t nt ta coe wnos r awy asmd o nw residential new for assumed always are windows closed that note to important is it However, L transfer of outdoor noise to indoors. Therefore, rest of the facade and the type of th closed, are windows If sound. If bedroom windows are left open, n eq greater than 45 dBA or L must notbemore than3dBAabovethebackgroundnoise. eq 24 is greater than 75 dBA. However, these guide FMax greater than 73 dBA with closed windows, unless special construction is used. eq that exceeds 70 dBC during the daytime or 65 dBC during the nighttime at FMax greater than 60 dBA with noise involved, but typically there e amount of reduction will depend on the window, potentially the potentially window, the on depend will reduction of amount e there will typically be a 15 dB s that, according to Section 6, continuous noise cannot study area would fall under this category, but baseline - 7 - sleep disturbance could be nisation (WHO) criteria have been used to estimate not make continuous or non-continuous bass noise nd that residential land use is not recommended if ng an event so event noise may not be captured in the CMHC guideline and requires that the L major roads, heavy rail or SkyTrain be designed nts. Section 11B also requires that the 3 minute nt would result in upper limits of less than 75 than less of limits upper in result would nt lines were developed with respect to road and FMax eq ght at the point of re of point the at ght , often referred to as the L , exceeds45dBA,insidebedrooms. open windowsandanoutdoorL A reduction from outdoor to indoor is a 28 to 33 dBA reduction in the l areas within the study area are to control noise ingress in this in ingress noise control to expected for an outdoor ception. The point of point The ception. n , exceeds 30 dBA n greater eq eq 24 24

BKL Consultants Ltd. plus BC Place. BC Place noise would Olympic Village towers). Most locations have mo residences and roof the on down looking residences Pl BC receivers. point the noise of any the to significantly of each to proximity with varies been modelled to show the worst case scenario. Th study area. While it is unlikely that events would occur at all three venues on the same day, this has L show 8 to 6 Figures FutureNoise 5.0 at residential locations close to the road. level varies from 54 dBA at residential locations th boxes show the level at heights further above the gr area. The sound contours graphically show the noi level predictions. Figure 5 shows the L It is useful to review existing noise levels in ExistingNoise 4.0 been not have measurements since locations area study performed as part of this project. the of many at noise background the purposes of this study, Section 11B of the Noise sta Cont these by permitted sometimes are impacts noise a noise of type the on depends limit at the difference between the noise levels in que In order to rate the acceptability of daytime music passbys for new residential projects in Vancouver. development projects and that maximum noise levels previously addressed (BKL 2006) and is summarised as follows: l or at arriving patrons from noise crowd While to the much quieter sound source modelled. wher made, are considerations design special no if observed at Deer Lake Park, it concert the to similar Space, Performance the at held was concert pop/rock outdoor hour five a If since the duration of crowd noise would be shorter than 3 hours. eq 24 due to road and SkyTrain traffic plus entertainment noise for the entire the for noise entertainment plus traffic SkyTrain and road to due 24 would produce significant sound ener nd frequency of events. It is also important to note that larger that note to important also is It events. of frequency nd have a smaller effect on the L eq 24 due to road and SkyTrain tr order to better understand the significance of future noise ore, lhuh M lc de nt contribute not does Place GM although sources, stion and the background noise levels. The acceptable - 8 - eaving concerts has not been modelled, this was this modelled, been not has concerts eaving noise from concerts, most existing standards look ound on the residential towers or apartments. The e dominant noise source at any particular location at aren’t close to a road to approximately 70 dBA se level at 1.5 m above the ground, while the text re than one significant noise source, often a road eas the impact shown is not very significant due significant very not is shown impact the eas ace is predicted to be the dominant source for source dominant the be to predicted is ace are often higher than 73 dBA due to loud vehicle rol By-law was used, but it is difficult to predict not adjacent to major roads (such as the two the as (such roads major to adjacent not ndards if the events are infrequent. For the For infrequent. are events the if ndards eq gy in the study area, especially 24 during a sporting event day affic noise for the entire study

BKL Consultants Ltd. concert noise, but similar differences are expected for crowd noise. the opening and not through the fixed construction while the roof is open because most of BC Place roof. However, residential noise exposures would not benefit from assumption that the operable part of th of part operable the while reduced significantly be roof. If the fixed part of the new BC Place roof The GM Place roof attenuates approximately 10 dB impact is significantly higher than the impact predicted by Brown Strachan in their report. predicted The loud. as twice being as perceived generally is dB 10 of increase an and subjectively condition, as summarised in Table 2. As mentioned pr noise during a sporting event would increase by an significantly increase almost all residential noise a that show results modelling The 3.4. Section in discussed were system roof new the assumptionsfor The made roof. existing the versus system to performed was analysis an model, Cadna/A the Using roof. Place BC future proposed the using made were study this for presented results All EffectofNew BCPlaceRoof 6.0 however, there may be concerts that might attract a more raucous crowd. from voices. patrons is unlikely to cause any serious loud attenuating in effective very be Assuming that should windows are sound closed, the concert loudest of such and noise traffic attenuate adequately would that system glazing any therefore, and noise frequency low than extent greater mi the in primarily is voices from noise Since the roof would have a fabric construction similar to the existing part of the roof. These effects are summarised in Table 2 for problems for normal pop/rock concerts. Occasionally d frequency range, it is attenuated by windows to a to windows by attenuated is it range, frequency d - 9 - ea in the roof would roof the in area open m 85 by m 70 a dding used a similar construction, noise exposures would estimate the effect of the proposed BC Place roof Place BC proposed the of effect the estimate exposures. Music noise during a concert or crowd the noise impact is due to sound escaping through A more noise compared to the existing BC Place average of 6-8 dBA compared with the existing e roof is closed. This closed. is roof e eviously, a change of 6 dB is clearly noticeable events might be audible inside a unit, but noise is with the conservative a GM Place fixed roof

BKL Consultants Ltd. the upper floors of the nearby towers than close to point receiver results shown with text on the figure, 10:00 pm all of the receivers above 65 dBC would also past continues event the If red. in shown are criterion dBC 70 the exceed that receivers point The C-weighted typical predicted the shows 10 Figure exempt from sporting event noise. there that provided events vehicle motor or concert By-law Control Noise the of 14A Section per As Bryan (e.g. concert Adams), excluding all other sources of noise such as road traffic. rock normal a during expected levels noise C-weighted typical the shows 9 residential tower to the northwest and proposed hotel to the south. However, the 3 dBA above dBA 3 the background criterion is unlikely to be exceeded becau However, south. the to hotel proposed and northwest the to tower residential the nighttime criterion (65 dBC) would be exceeded chance that the daytime criterion could be exceeded at proposed the and northwest the to suites closest the According to the model results, GM Place noise leve estimate entertainment facilities. to used be can results Cadna/A The NoiseControlBy-Law Exceedances 7.0 1 ExistingBCPlaceroofconstructionusedfor70m x85m operablepartofroof lmi ilg eeec +8 Reference Olympic Village Existing Towers New Towers Residence iyGt eeec +6 Reference City Gate Nearby Nearby Group Table 2-BCPlaceRoofOptions,TypicalConcertNoiseLevelDifferences Closed Roof eeec 8+ -7 +7 +8 Reference eeec +6 Reference Existing / Typical NoiseLevelDifference(dB) Roof Open - 10 - the ground (the sound contours show the predicted h cac o b-a eceacs y h three the by exceedances by-law of chance the , BC Place is exempt from the requirements for requirements the from exempt is Place BC , noise levels expected during a pop/rock concert. pop/rock a during expected levels noise noise levels are predicted to be much higher for are less than 10 such events per year. It is not is It year. per events such 10 than less are ls would typically be slightly below 70 dBC at for most suites facing GM Place on the closest hotel to the south. In other words, there is a is there words, other In south. the to hotel a few suites during a concert. It is likely that se of the busy traffic be above the by-law. As can be seen from the Roof Openwith “GM Place” Fixed Roof +7 +5 +5 arterials nearby. Figure “GM Place” Closed Roof -7 -8 -8 1

BKL Consultants Ltd. at most facades within 300 m th noise at 1.5 m above the ground). Noise levels are expected to exceed daytime and nighttime limits louder and noise levels would be expected to exceed daytime and nighttime limits at almost all almost at facades within the study area th limits nighttime and daytime exceed to expected be would levels noise and louder predicted results for a typical pop/rock concert would nighttimecriterion the case which pm,in 10:00 the t This facing radius. facades m 200 residential a within the Space Performance at exceeded be may criterion by-law daytime The most at locations. insignificant be to expected are impacts noise community area, audience the in dBA 80 Space for the three location options. Since the m C-wei typical predicted the show 14 to 12 Figures even withtheroofopen. are above 90 dBC, the pre-recorded music would concert or crowd noise (80 dBA versus 100 dBA). between and intermissions in starts, concert or Pre-recorded music would often be played over th the roof is closed. impacted criterion daytime the true, is this If reduced by 3 dB. This is assuming that the people If a soccer game has half the noise. If the roof were closed, the by-law exceed the dBA results (which generally better relates to i.e. most facades that face BC Pl have also but speech in sound frequency low of crowd cheering period. They are noticeably lower than Figure 11 shows the predicted typical C-weighted crowd noise levels expected during a football game radius. but impacted significantly, the so reduced by-law the be below not generally would levels noise residential exceeding by-law the closed, were the on Based analysis, the suites. same Village residences Olympicwill also nearest likely the be at sometimes exceeded be also may criterion crowd of a football game (15,000 ve at face the Performance Space. at face BC Place by up to 17 dBC duri ace within 300 m. Also, the text box point receiver results show that area would be reduced to approximately 175 m when m 175 approximately to reduced be would area more than 3 dBA above background noise. If the roof - 11 - at the Performance Space are approximately 15 dBC odelled sound source levels are quite low at roughly football plays but might be 20 dBA quieter than quieter dBA 20 be might but plays football perceived loudness) are similar for crowd or concert ing area would be reduced to approximately 200 m. area would remain roughly the same at a 300 m 300 a at same the roughly remain would area a similar area that exceeds the daytime criterion, daytime the exceeds that area similar a likely not exceed the daytime criterion anywhere, e BC Place amplification system before the event in the crowd would be cheering at the same level. ghted concert noise levels from the Performance the from levels noise concert ghted ype of event might not be expected to run past run to expected be not might event of ype Since none of the predicted concert noise levels the predicted concert noise because of the lack not be important to consider. However, the However, consider. importantto be not rsus 30,000), noise levels would be ng the daytime. The daytime

BKL Consultants Ltd. requirement for an interior bedroom (L ex not are limits By-law Control Noise the If BuildingDesignAdequacy 9.0 levels would be approximately 13 dBA higher than th measuremen the on Based significant. be would pa permitted were concerts pop/rock if However, 2. and 1 Options for suites residential closest the at except pm 10:00 past permitted are events if With the modelled sound source, the Performance Space has little potential to cause sleep disturbance concern for crowd noise. this mitigate would roof the Closing roof. open an with pm 10:00 past continue to allowed were Neve residences elevated above and facing BC Place w further. findings the alter may variables levels up to 85 dBA for standard construction a noise. Based on the analysis, closed windows w Since crowd noise does not have much low frequenc a potential for sleep disturbance with high performance windows. 300 m if the roof is open. If the roof is closed, would still result in a potential for sleep disturba with dBA standard closed 76 windows and than 79 dBA higher with high levels maximum for expected be could disturbance sleep energy, bass 8 dBA louder than the typical noise levels shown For BCPlaceconcertorcrowdnoise,themaximum noi if windows are closed. leve noise concert Place GM tall), m (2.3 face one on Based on the analysis of a typical downtown towe weighted selected at levels A-weighted predicted show bac pre-recorded with events or games football Figures 9 to 14 show the C-weighted Potential for Sleep Disturbance 8.0 normally does not take entertainment noise into account. However, BC Place is expected to exceed in the area using standard acoustical evaluation, wh indoor noise levels are typically used to judge the potential for sleep disturbance. levels that would be expected eq 24 not greater than 35 dBA) shoul ceeded, the City’s Zoning and Development By-law Development and Zoning City’s the ceeded, the same type of residen nd 87 dBA for double laminated construction. Other - 12 - nce for residences above and facing BC Place within performance windows. High performance windows point receivers. As mentioned in Section 3.5, A- 3.5, Section in mentioned As receivers. point kground music. The text boxes in the figures also figures the in boxes text The music. kground ould adequately attenuate maximum outdoor noise r 3 m by 3 m bedroom with floor to ceiling windows ithin 200 m if sporting events (with 30,000 people) in Figures 10 and 11. For ts conducted at Deer Lake Park, maximum noise maximum Park, Lake Deer at conducted ts tees sep itrac my e xetd at expected be may disturbance sleep rtheless, st 10:00 pm, the potential for sleep disturbance sleep for potential the pm, 10:00 st ich considers traffic a y energy, it is easier for windows to attenuate the e typical music levels shown in Figures 12 to 14. ls are unlikely to cause any sleep disturbance sleep any cause to unlikely are ls se levels are estimatedare levels approximatelyse be to during typical pop/rock concerts, ces within 200 m would have d be met for new residential nd other noise sources, but concert noise, with high

BKL Consultants Ltd. noise data taken on Dunsmuir Viaduct over a 23 hour period in 2006 (BKL 2006). tim The options. location three the for area Space shielding noise other no with elements Space, besides the new buildings. Table 3 show Performance each for flat be to assumed was ground The option was evaluated, taking the noise shielding and Ambient noise levels due to road and SkyTrain tra may not be practical in the NEFC area. Unamplified performances could be ambien of (Mankovsky, 1971). This assumes level that an amplified s unacceptable an have to judged use, special with space open An Effect of Ambient Noise on the Performance Space 10.0 Village for Options 1 and 3 and at residential suites looking down onto the BC Place roof. significant be would there although options, the of The existing developments in the study area would likely still meet the 35 dBA requirement for any noise isolation design that has been used in the past. may be required for the nearest developments, but the Performance Space, taking event noise into account Special acoustical consideration should be made fo the by-lawbymore than15dBCinsome placeswiththeroofis open. average vehicle speeds. levels noise overall but hours peak during greater is a result of high traffic volumes combined with As can be seen from the table, the highest ambient noise levels will likely occur during midday. This Option Table 3: Estimated Performance Space Ambient Noise Levels 54-56 1 56-61 2 54-58 3 Estimated Average Ambient Noise Level (dBA) idyAtronEvening Afternoon Midday such as the proposed outdoor Performance Space, will likely be likely will Space, Performance outdoor proposed the as such feasible if the ambient noise level was reduced further, but this - 13 - higher average vehicle speeds. Traffic volumes are ffic were predicted using the Cadna/A model. Each r residential construction adjacent to BC Place and e period differences were estimatedhourly were using differences period e s the predicted ambient noise in the Performance in all cases the 35 dBA criterion can be met with reflecting of the proposed buildings into account. are reduced due to congestion which decreases which congestion to due reduced are nie f hs os i hge ta 5 dBA 50 than higher is noise this if noise t Olympic the at exposure noise the in increases 52-55 54-60 52-57 ound system will be used for all performances. . Single-loaded towers or enclosed balconies 51-53 53-58 51-55

BKL Consultants Ltd. nearest existing residential tower and proposed hotel to the south. residential towers within 200 m and GM Place mi Performance The exceedances. by-law potential background A m. 300 within suites those for limit by-law daytime the above be likely still would noise concert but locations, loudest law limits, special consideration will need to be made in the design stage in order to meet the L entertainment noise sources meet the Noise Contro towers residential new for design acoustical Standard ConclusionsandRecommendations 12.0 be temporary in order to permit viewing of sail pasts or other water activities. be reduced by 5 to 7 dBA for Option 1. Another cons reflections are reduced and a shell is introduced, noise of back the at shell acoustic An be provided by amphitheatre-style seating, for example. to be sound absorptive or the Performance Space ma noise levels. Closing the roof would reduce the s within 300 m, but also likely at the closest Olym open configuration. This situation would generally the in roof Place BC new proposed the with held are events sporting or concert if suites residential By-law Control Noise the that predicted was It strategies that have been used in the past on other noise exposed projects. the nearest developments, but in all cases the 35 dB 35 dBA requirement for bedrooms. Single-loaded to audience. In order to c w which Space Performance the within locations and/or City Gate, depending on the option. These refl Sound from the loudspeakers will bounce off of the Other Considerations for the Performance Space 11.0 buildings or amphitheatre-style seating. between gaps close to barriers noise as such options mitigation using limits acceptable to levels unacceptable for all options, there should be opport buildings and gaps between buildings. Although the also will level noise ambient The ontrol this effect, the 1 the stage would also reduce music spilling into the community. If community. the into spilling music reduce also would stage the vary within each performance area, depending on proximity to proximity on depending area, performance each within vary noise measurement survey would better assist with estimating with assist better would measurementsurvey noise st storey of the immediately adjacent buildings may have - 14 - pic Village towers because of the lower background ubjective loudness of the noise limits would be significantly exceeded at many at exceeded significantly be would limits ould degrade the quality of sound received by the by received sound of quality the degrade ould ght only exceed the nighttime by-law limits at the occur for suites elevated above and facing the roof A criterion can be met with noise isolation design Space may exceed the daytime by-law limits at limits by-law daytime the exceed may Space l By-law. If they are unities during the detailed design to reduce these nearby buildings and be directed towards SEFC wers or enclosed balconies may be required for y require a more enclosed design, which could table shows that ambient noise levels would be ections would also create slap echoes at certain ideration for a stage shell is that it may have to levels at Olympic Village and City Gate could in the project area would be adequate if the if adequate be would area project the in permitted to exceed the by- by almost 50% at the eq 24

BKL Consultants Ltd. as more detailed design information comes available. should be noted that the model developed can be re it study, high-level a is this while Also, considerations. acoustical addressed only has report This 2008), and is recommended. mentione as protective, more be would covenant are moving into a busy downtown area (activity zone For the new residential towers, it may be assumed th regardless of whether criteria are met. the amount of annoyance that the open roof of BC within the music and tones that are harder for the br more neutral noises, such as road traffic, of the It should be noted that music “noise” is expected reason to choose one option over another at this point. an amplification system to obtain a suitable signal- have the potential to be reduced to acceptable levels All Performance Space location options presently ha are details proper unless others exacerbate developed. could issues noise some mitigate may that options across False Creek such as Olympic Village and City Gate if pop/rock concerts are permitted. Design within the space and significant noise impacts Space. Performance outdoor Without proper acceptable attention an to the provide acoustical to essential be will work design acoustical Detailed exposures similar to existing residential towers nearby for the facades not facing BC Place. to proposed three the for design single-loaded A Lake Park (Burnaby) concerts are not permitted to continue past 10:00 pm. sufficiently impact for noise nighttime its sporting mitigateevents but may not roof for Place BC the closing Alternatively, hours. daytime to Space Sleep disturbance can be avoided by limiting the an uncontrolled noise level for a certain number of events per year per venue. and standards developed elsewhere (e.g. UK). This throughout the City, relative to events the background infrequent noise for noise of levels higher allow to revised be could By-law Control Noise The in both the immediate neighbourhood and communities same decibel level because of the “message” contained - 15 - hours of operation for BC Place and the Performance to be subjectively interpreted as more annoying than issues, there is a high chance for poor sound quality Place and the new Performance Space could create, d in the Brown Strachan report (Brown Strachan (Brown report Strachan Brown the in d wers adjacent to BC Place would result in noise in result would Place BC to adjacent wers fined further in order to perform detailed analyses approach may be more appropriate than allowing to-noise ratio. There is no significant acoustical but it is still assumed th ) with nearby entertainment facilities, but a noise concert events. It is our understanding that Deer ve high ambient noise predictions. All locations ain to ignore. Therefore, it is difficult to assess at residents moving in would be aware that they level at that location, based on similar by-laws at all events will require

BKL Consultants Ltd. bre Rbr. 08 Nrh at as Creek False East North 2008. Robert. Eberle, at David Galpin Architect Inc. B.C.Stadium.2008. Associates.Place Brown Strachan Noise. Dietrich and Lindvall Thomas Birgitta, Berglund, Mankovsky, V.S.1971.AcousticsofStudiosandAuditoria. autoroutes - Laboratoire central des ponts et chaussees pub constructions les et l’urbanisme transports, routieres. infrastructures des Bruit experimentale, - Acoustics 1996. Noise. SC1, Attenuation of Sound Subcommittee during Propagation Acoustics, Outdoors 43, ISO/TC Committee Technical Vancouver, Eberle Thompson Associates. BKL ConsultantsLtd.2006.GMPlaceNoiseStudy. References t e eft mtoooius version meteorologiques, effets les incluant calcul de Methode 1997. NMPB-Routes-96. International Organization for Standardization. Geneva, World Health Organization. - 16 - liques. Service d’etudes techniques des routes et routes des techniques d’etudes Service liques. efrac ad ahrn Sae DRAFT. Spaces Gathering and Performance - Part 2: General Method of Calculation. H. Schwela. 1999. Guid 1999. Schwela. H. yn Cnr deue sr e rsax les reseaux, les sur d’etudes Centre Lyon, Vancouver,BKLConsultantsLtd. - Centre scientifique et technique de batiment. Memo from David Brown to David Galpin David Memoto fromBrown David NewYork,FocalPressLimited. elines for Community for elines Geneva,

BKL Consultants Ltd. Figure 1: Noise Thermometer

BKL Consultants Ltd. Figure 2:StudyArea

BKL Consultants Ltd. Figure 3:3DViewoftheStudyAreafrom theWest Figure 4:3DViewoftheStudyArea from the East

BKL Consultants Ltd.