Social Capital and Health Services Utilization in Msm
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The Texas Medical Center Library DigitalCommons@TMC UT School of Public Health Dissertations (Open Access) School of Public Health Summer 5-2019 SOCIAL CAPITAL AND HEALTH SERVICES UTILIZATION IN MSM EDWARD TSAI UTHealth School of Public Health Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.library.tmc.edu/uthsph_dissertsopen Part of the Community Psychology Commons, Health Psychology Commons, and the Public Health Commons Recommended Citation TSAI, EDWARD, "SOCIAL CAPITAL AND HEALTH SERVICES UTILIZATION IN MSM" (2019). UT School of Public Health Dissertations (Open Access). 104. https://digitalcommons.library.tmc.edu/uthsph_dissertsopen/104 This is brought to you for free and open access by the School of Public Health at DigitalCommons@TMC. It has been accepted for inclusion in UT School of Public Health Dissertations (Open Access) by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@TMC. For more information, please contact [email protected]. SOCIAL CAPITAL AND HEALTH SERVICES UTILIZATION IN MSM by EDWARD TSAI, MPH APPROVED: PATRICIA DOLAN MULLEN, DRPH KAYO FUJIMOTO, PHD MARIA FERNANDEZ-ESQUER, PHD DEAN, THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH Copyright by Edward Tsai, MPH, PhD 2019 DEDICATION To my Family SOCIAL CAPITAL AND HEALTH SERVICES UTILIZATION IN MSM by EDWARD TSAI MPH, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 2013 BA, Washington University in St. Louis, 2010 Presented to the Faculty of The University of Texas School of Public Health in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH Houston, Texas May, 2019 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank my dissertation committee members Dr. Maria Fernandez- Esquer and Dr. Kayo Fujimoto for their guidance and wisdom, and most of all to Dr. Patricia Dolan Mullen for her continued and unwavering support throughout the duration of my time in the program. I would also like to thank Dr. Kerri-Anne Parkes and Dr. Georges Khalil for their assistance and contributions to the systematic review. I would like to acknowledge the support of the pre-doctoral fellowship from the University of Texas School of Public Health Cancer Education and Career Development Program (NCI R25CA57712). Additionally, I would like to acknowledge the YMAP: Young Men’s Affiliation Project of HIV Risk and Prevention Venue study (NIMH R01MH100021) and the efforts and contributions of study participants and staff. Disclaimer: Content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Mental Health, or the National Institutes of Health. SOCIAL CAPITAL AND HEATH SERVICES UTILIZATION IN MSM Edward Tsai, MPH, PhD The University of Texas School of Public Health, 2019 Dissertation Chair: Patricia Dolan Mullen, DrPH While incidence of HIV has decreased overall and in most population subgroups, men who have sex with men (MSM) continue to remain at disproportional risk for new infection. In particular, MSM of color experience HIV incidence rates that continue to rise and represent the overwhelming majority of new cases each year. Evidence suggests greater risk among MSM may not be attributable primarily to individual behavioral level factors, but instead to structural and social environmental level factors such as access to health services. Access to health services represents a critical link in HIV and STI prevention, as health services provide serological testing and preventive treatments such as PrEP, along with access to therapies such as ART which can reduce viral load. It has been documented that MSM have reduced access to health services (include preventive health services), which manifest as a potential risk factor for increased transmission downstream because of the role health services play in prevention. This dissertation investigates the relation between social capital and health services awareness and utilization among MSM, to being to elucidate the potential role the social environment can play for these important transmission-reducing outcomes. Aim 1 examines the relation between two different kinds of social capital, bonding social capital and bridging social capital, with the outcomes of health services resource awareness and utilization of health services. Aim 2 investigates a potential effect modification, assessing the moderation of individual level social capital on the relation between community level social capital and health services awareness and utilization. Aim 3 is a systematic review covering characteristics of social network interventions for risk reduction in MSM and how these interventions are implemented. For Aim 1, results indicated bridging social capital was significantly associated with the outcome of health venue awareness in the Chicago MSM community, while bonding social capital was significantly associated with both health venue awareness and utilization in the Houston site. Aim 2 results provided evidence suggesting a significant moderation effect from individual level social capital on the relation between community level social capital and health venue awareness in both study sites. Major trends observed from the systematic review on social network interventions (Aim 3) include lack of definitions for what constitutes a social network intervention, no established standards or best practices for network change agent determination, and lack of reporting for network outcomes, properties, and intervention characteristics. TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Tables ............................................................................................................................. i List of Figures ........................................................................................................................... ii List of Appendices ................................................................................................................... iii Background ................................................................................................................................4 Public Health Significance ...................................................................................................4 Aims and Hypotheses ..........................................................................................................7 Literature Review of Social Capital .....................................................................................8 Journal Article #1 .....................................................................................................................15 The relative associations of bonding and bridging social capital to health services awareness and utilization among MSM in Chicago and Houston Journal Article #2 .....................................................................................................................33 Assessing the moderation of individual level social capital on the relation between community social capital and health services awareness and utilization among MSM in Chicago and Houston Journal Article #3 .....................................................................................................................53 Systematic review of social network intervention implementation methods and characteristics for sexual risk reduction in MSM Conclusion ...............................................................................................................................72 Appendices ...............................................................................................................................73 References ..............................................................................................................................203 LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Sample characteristics of MSM in Chicago and Houston…………….……26 Table 2: Exponentiated beta coefficients for social capital and covariates with health venue awareness among MSM in Chicago…………………………………………………27 Table 3: Exponentiated beta coefficients for social capital and covariates with health venue utilization among MSM in Chicago…………………………………………………28 Table 4: Exponentiated beta coefficients for social capital and covariates with health venue awareness among MSM in Houston…………………………….…………………...29 Table 5: Exponentiated beta coefficients for social capital and covariates with health venue utilization among MSM in Houston…………………………….…………………...30 Table 6: Sample characteristics of MSM in Chicago and Houston………......……...46 Table 7: Exponentiated beta coefficients for covariates and interaction terms for assessing moderation of individual social capital on community social capital and health venue awareness among MSM in Chicago……………………….………………………...47 Table 8: Exponentiated beta coefficients for covariates and interaction terms for assessing moderation of individual social capital on community social capital and health venue utilization among MSM in Chicago…………………………….…………………...48 Table 9: Exponentiated beta coefficients for covariates and interaction terms for assessing moderation of individual social capital on community social capital and health venue awareness among MSM in Houston………………………….……………………..49 Table 10: Exponentiated beta coefficients for covariates and interaction terms for assessing moderation of individual social capital on community social capital and health venue utilization among MSM in Houston………………………………………………...50 Table 11: Valente social network intervention typology…………………………...58