DOCSLIB.ORG

The Phenomenology of Dreams in the Viewpoints from Freud, from Jung and from Boss, Plus One New Aspect

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Phenomenology of Dreams in the Viewpoints from Freud, from Jung and from Boss, Plus One New Aspect Universal Journal of Psychology 2(5): 167-179, 2014 http://www.hrpub.org DOI: 10.13189/ ujp.2014.020503 The Phenomenology of Dreams in the Viewpoints from Freud, From Jung and from Boss, Plus One New Aspect José Henrique Rocha Dias Correia Licentiate in Psychological Sciences, Rua Cidade de Bissau, 47, 5ºB, 1800-075 Lisboa, Portugal *Corresponding Author: [email protected] Copyright © 2014 Horizon Research Publishing All rights reserved. Abstract Dream analysis has been considered as an analysis and the interpretations that belong properly to each important part of psycotherapy in Psychoanalysis, Analytical of the theories, and that will be cleared before the conclusion Psychology and Daseinanalysis. In this article I reviewed the of the paper: that dreaming apparently adjusts itself to the basis belonging to the three original and specific theories for theory that will be used to analyze and interpret the dreams. dream analysis and interpretation from Freud, Jung and Boss. The functioning of each theory will be illustrated by means of the analysis and interpretation of one typical and famous 2. Method dream of the correspondent literature. The new conclusion has been that dreaming apparently adjusts itself to the theory The survey of the literature used to write up this paper was that will be used to analyze and interpret the dreams. not exhaustive because this is not a review paper, but merely one synthesis based on the literature that is enough and Keywords Analytical Psychology, Daseinanalysis, necessary to make the point at the end of the paper. Three Dreams, Psychoanalysis worldwide reputable and recognized theories for the analysis and the interpretation of dreams are brought together in a single text, a situation which has not been frequent at all. Methodologically a clear distinction must be made between 1. Introduction the functions of dreaming and the meanings of dreams and dreaming. Schredl [1] recently summarized the possible Sigmund Freud (1956-1939), Carl Gustav Jung functions of dreaming and he differentiated between the (1875-1961) and Medard Boss (1903-1990) were three physiological level of sleep associated with dreaming and the psychiatrists who were native German speakers. They psychological level of dreaming. It has been accepted that, produced their original and specific theories for the analysis physiologically, sleep is crucial for body temperature and the interpretation of dreams. These theories have regulation in homeothermic animals (mammals and birds), become individually integrated into Psychoanalysis, prevention of body weight loss, and the efficiency of their Analytical Psychology and Daseinanalysis, that turned up, immunological system. Psychologically, functions attributed respectively, as the schools of Psychology founded by those to dreaming have been the consolidation of memories, or an three authors. All the three theories that were presented have opportunity for the expression of symptomatic mirrored life their own particular usefulness for the analysis and the events, like emotional stresses or traumas, the progressing in interpretation of dreams, as we shall notice. They are all patients under intensive psychotherapy, or simply the hermeneutic theories, that is, they are bound to the meaning boosting of creativity. But in spite of Schredl [1] concluding or sense that we must attribute to dreams and to the that the question about possible functions for dreaming is the possibility that these meaning and sense are in fact most interesting one, he reserves his own judgment on discernible. We are going to condense, then, each theory, one accepting a sound beneficial effect of dreaming due to by one, in what has been essential for their specificities, in immanent methodological issues not yet settled on. Now, what have been their analytical and interpretative one must not confuse function with meaning. Meanings are a foundations. The functioning of each one of the theories will wide-raging and complex psychic reality that goes beyond a be illustrated by means of the interpretation of one dream single meaning that can be attributed to the exercising of one that has been considered one typical and famous dream in the specific function. And several functions have been correspondent specific literature. Then a conclusion will be investigated for the dreaming process. The hermeutical drawn naturally after the observation of something that has standpoint regarding the analysis and the interpretation of been common and shared by the three hermeneutic theories, dreams, and dreaming in general, takes a bold step forward something that will be patent to anyone following the and does not wait for the underpinnings neuroscience tardy 168 The Phenomenology of Dreams in the Viewpoints from Freud, From Jung and from Boss, Plus One New Aspect provides for the needs of an immediate action in the human mind, a claim that had been regarded as true by psychotherapy. The meanings for the life of a patient cannot previous and numerous authors. Being the pillars for the be limited to a few functions experimentally established by psychoanalytical doctrine of Freud the notions of sexual biomedicine or the neurosciences. drives or life instinct (libido) plus the Oedipus complex (the Oedipus conflict is constantly present during the practice of Psychoanalysis) and because all these have an unconscious 3. Results and Discussion source, dreams would be revelations of them coming from the unconscious part of the mind and eventually reaching The discussion of the literature consulted is divided in consciousness. In spite of this, the language of dreams would three sections (3.1, 3.2 and 3.3), and sections will deal with remain obscure, bizarre, because of the existence of a one theory per se focusing how each one operates through a censorship, an activity that would correspond to the particularly demonstrative example of a typical dream of its execution of the so called work of the dream (ibidem, pp. own field, showing how each theory´s hermeneutic features 276-277). The purpose of this censor was supposed to be the are evident, and also with the aim that, at the end of the paper, preservation of sleep while we are dreaming, in order to we can direct ourselves towards one general conclusion prevent crude emotions or affects to disrupt sleep, and founded upon the Hermeneutics that has been shared, in consequentially the aim is to disguise these crude emotions common, by all the three theories. Hence, the discussion will by associating them with anodyne mental representations. In have to be hermeneutic in nature, involved in a profound this way would be implemented the mechanisms for the symbolic language, but this language has never been formation of the manifest dream, that have been the hermetic for those acquainted with the literature. I do not condensation (ibidem, pp. 278-302), the displacement pretend in no way to sum up against or contradict biomedical (ibidem, pp. 303-307), and the symbolizing. Symbolizing is visions on the matter of sleep and how this phenomenon one very important mechanism for sexual content show up generates dreaming Biomedical explanations are very undercover, represented in dreams by something that takes important, but they do not tell the whole of the truth their place (the symbol). Usually, an elongated object in implicated in the matter. So, this paper falls into a particular dreams can be invariably regarded as a phallic symbol, while line of enquiry inside the vast domain of dream research. The hollow or rounded objects symbolize always the female article is one synthesis brought about by the author’s long genitalia. standing interest in the hermeneutics of dream analysis and One technical procedure paramount to the interpretation of interpretation. dreams in Psychoanalysis is the free association technique, a unique originality from Psychoanalysis, through which the 3.1. Psychoanalysis and Dreams patient has been supposed to talk freely, excluding nothing that comes to mind as bizarre as it may look to himself, in In 1900 Sigmund Freud published one book with the title relation to any fragment or element under analysis in one “The interpretation of dreams” where he exposed his dream (fundamental rule in Psychoanalysis). By this original and new theory for the analysis, the interpretation, technique the analyst can put into context the dream data so and the therapeutic usefulness of dreams [2]. In this piece of that, subsequently, he/she can infer from these the work, inside which the basis of the theory was illustrated by appropriate meaning for one specific dream. The neurotic means of the interpretation of several isolated dreams dreamt conflict (that has been derived from sexual drives and from by different people and by Freud himself, Freud called our the incongruity of the Oedipus conflict) is found at the vortex attention to the distinction between the manifest contents and of the latent contents of the dream that has been, according to the latent contents in dreams (ibidem, p. 172), and he Freud, produced after some manifest contents were considered this contrast as indispensable for the processed by the work of the dream. The knowledge of the understanding of dreams. That is, in dreams there would essence of the neurotic conflict, one patient at a time, a always be one discernible plot that becomes accessible as it conflict that resides in the personal unconscious of every is to consciousness, plus one hidden story, that would lurk individual and that it is manifested always through dreams underneath the first. He also pointed out to the fact that coming from his/hers unconscious, can be obtained after dreams are constantly the open or disguised satisfaction of dream interpretation and allows for the clarification of the desires proscribed by the dreamer (ibidem, pp. 136-145, 473, etiology and the pathogenesis of the neurosis, case by case. 529-549). He tried to explain dreaming by causes that are Posteriorly, the awareness of the conflict permits a cognitive resident in the past of the woken life of the dreamer, in the reorganization in the patient, and the cure of the neurosis will belief that all psychological facts hold an explicable cause ensue from it.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A DANGEROUS METHOD a Sony Pictures Classics Presentation a Jeremy Thomas Production
    MOVIE REVIEW Afr J Psychiatry 2012;15:363 A DANGEROUS METHOD A Sony Pictures Classics Presentation A Jeremy Thomas Production. Directed by David Cronenberg Film reviewed by Franco P. Visser As a clinician I always found psychoanalysis and considers the volumes of ethical rules and psychoanalytic theory to be boring, too intellectual regulations that govern our clinical practice. Jung and overly intense. Except for the occasional was a married man with children at the time. As if Freudian slip, transference encountered in therapy, this was not transgression enough, Jung also the odd dream analysis around the dinner table or became Spielrein’s advisor on her dissertation in discussing the taboos of adult sexuality I rarely her studies as a psychotherapist. After Jung’s venture out into the field of classic psychoanalysis. attempts to re-establish the boundaries of the I have come to realise that my stance towards doctor-patient relationship with Spielrein, she psychoanalysis mainly has to do with a lack of reacts negatively and contacts Freud, confessing knowledge and specialist training on my part in everything about her relationship with Jung to him. this area of psychology. I will also not deny that I Freud in turn uses the information that Spielrein find some of the aspects of Sigmund Freud’s provided in pressuring Jung into accepting his theory and methods highly intriguing and at times views and methods on the psychological a spark of curiosity makes me jump into the pool functioning of humans, and it is not long before the of psychoanalysis and psychoanalytic theory and two great minds part ways in addition to Spielrein ‘swim’ around a bit – mainly by means of reading or surfing the going her own way.
    [Show full text]
  • Dreams, a User's Guide
    THE CENTRE FOR APPLIED JUNGIAN STUDIES Dreams, a User’s Guide Dreams are the royal road to the unconscious - Sigmund Freud He who looks outside dreams, he who looks inside awakes - C. G. Jung www.appliedjung.com THE CENTRE FOR APPLIED JUNGIAN STUDIES www.appliedjung.com Understanding your dreams TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction to dream interpretation 2 Illumination (the first step) 7 How to capture a dream 7 Amplification (associations) 8 Amplifying the dream 9 Education (understanding the dream message) 10 Understanding the dream 11 Some sample dreams 12 Transformation 14 The real work 14 An example of dream interpretation from Sigmund Freud 15 © The Centre for Applied Jungian Studies page 1 THE CENTRE FOR APPLIED JUNGIAN STUDIES www.appliedjung.com Throughout history and across cultures one point has dreams as the “royal road to the unconscious.” His always been agreed on by all mystical schools, all the ground breaking book The Interpretation of Dreams being legendary metaphysicians and by all religions that published in 1900, was what first brought him to Jung’s Introduction sought to bring the neophyte closer to his or her God, attention and led to their collaborative work together. that is simply: the way to truth lies inside and it is this journey that needs to be undertaken if you want to Ultimately Jung and Freud parted ways in that they know your truth. chose to interpret the contents of the unconscious differently. The nature of this difference is not something Trust me when I tell you that no one else other then I will enter into here, except to say that it can be you posses the truth.
    [Show full text]
  • Exploring a Jungian-Oriented Approach to the Dream in Psychotherapy
    Exploring a Jungian-oriented Approach to the Dream in Psychotherapy By Darina Shouldice Submitted to the Quality and Qualifications Ireland (QQI) for the degree MA in Psychotherapy from Dublin Business School, School of Arts Supervisor: Stephen McCoy June 2019 Department of Psychotherapy Dublin Business School Table of Contents Chapter 1 Introduction……………………………………………………………………. 1 1.1 Background and Rationale………………………………………………………………. 1 1.2 Aims and Objectives ……………………………………………………………………. 3 Chapter 2 Literature Review 2.1 Introduction……………………………………………………………………………... 4 2.2 Jung and the Dream……………………………………………………………….…….. 4 2.3 Resistance to Jung….…………………………………………………………………… 6 2.4 The Analytic Process..………………………………………………………………….. 8 2.5 The Matter of Interpretation……...……………………………………………………..10 2.6 Individuation………………………………………………………………………….. 12 2.7 Freud and Jung…………………………………….…………………………………... 13 2.8 Decline of the Dream………………………………………………………..………… 15 2.9 Changing Paradigms……………………………………………………………....….. 17 2.10 Science, Spirituality, and the Dream………………………………………….………. 19 Chapter 3 Methodology…….……………………………………...…………………….. 23 3.1 Introduction to Approach…..………………………………………………………..... 23 3.2 Rationale for a Qualitative Approach..…………………………………………..……..23 3.3 Thematic Analysis..………………………………………………………………..….. 24 3.4 Sample and Recruitment...…………………………………………………………….. 24 3.5 Data Collection..………………………………………………………………………. 25 3.6 Data Analysis..………………………………………………………………………... 26 3.7 Ethical Issues……..……………………………………………………………….…... 27 Chapter 4 Research Findings……………………………………………………………
    [Show full text]
  • A Phenomenological Study of the Dream-Ego in Jungian Practice
    A PHENOMENOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE DREAM-EGO IN JUNGIAN PRACTICE J. V. Hunt. MSc. (Hons) Thesis submitted for Doctor of Philosophy Degree. School of Psychology, University of Western Sydney. 2008. Acknowledgement Thanks are due to my principal supervisor Associate Professor David Russell for the continuous and essential benefit of his time, his advice and his interest in my project, and to my associate supervisor Dr Brendon Stewart for his support also. The content of this thesis is original work and no part of the thesis has previously been submitted in any form for the award of any degree at this or any other educational institution. John Vincent Hunt Contents Abstract iii 1. Introduction 1 2. The Ego and the Sleeping State 11 3. The Ontological Justification for Psychological Personifications 14 4. Jung’s Concept of the Complexes 17 5. Research Method 26 6. The Dreams 31 D1. The Little Numinous Light 31 D2. The Oracle Bird Girl 35 D3. The House of the Ancient Psyche 38 D4. (a). The Burial Mound 41 D4. (b). The Giant Radiolarian 41 D5. The Ritual Phallus 44 D6. (a). A Prescient Experience 47 D6. (b). The Goddess Girl 47 D7. The Customs Official/Crusader Knight 49 D8. The Row of Living Dead 52 D9. The Frozen Earth 55 D10. The Killing of Siegfried 57 D11. The Winged Sky Man 60 D12. The Magnolia Tree on the Sunlit Island 62 D13. The Unknown House with the Old Library 65 D14. Trapped in the Seventeenth Century Courtyard 67 Some Characteristics of Dreams 69 7. Individuation as the Search for Authenticity 70 8.
    [Show full text]
  • Active Imagination in Movement – Encountering the Other Within Us, Between Us and in the World
    21st International Congress for Analytical Psychology; Vienna, August 25, 2019 Antonella Adorisio Joan ChodorowTina Stromsted Margarita Méndez Pre-Congress Workshop on Authentic Movement: Danced & Moving Active Imagination ACTIVE IMAGINATION IN MOVEMENT – ENCOUNTERING THE OTHER WITHIN US, BETWEEN US AND IN THE WORLD “The unrelated human being lacks wholeness, for he can achieve wholeness only through the soul, and the soul cannot exist without its other side, which is always found in ‘You.’ Wholeness is a combination of I and You, and these show themselves to be parts of a transcendent unity whose nature can only be grasped symbolically” (Jung 1946, CW 16, “Psychology of the Transference,” par. 454, pp. 244-245). Sunday, August 25, 2019 9:00 to 17:00 Interweaving theoretical, experiential, cultural and clinical material through presentations and discussion, this workshop will explore dance/movement as a form of active imagination, with special attention to the living body in analytic practice. By listening to the body to access and express the imagination, individuals may discover inner-directed movement as a way to bridge the realms of conscious and unconscious, body and psyche, instinct and spirit, affect and image, memory and emergence. Sometimes called “Authentic Movement,” this form of active imagination focuses attention on felt bodily sensations, impulses, multi-sensory images, feelings and emotions, which are then allowed to emerge as symbolic enactment. The work is done with one’s eyes closed in the presence of a witness, whose task it is to hold and contain the experience of the person moving. Analysts use the connection between body and psyche as a central clinical tool, yet there may be few opportunities to foster the development of this dimension.
    [Show full text]
  • California State University, Northridge
    CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY, NORTHRIDGE JOURNEY INTO SELF JUNGIAN DREAM ANALYSIS AS A STEPPING STONE TO INDIVIDUATION A graduate project submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Education, Educational Psychology, Counseling and Guidance by Linda Wood Loomis May 1988 The Graduate Project of Linda W. Loomis is approved: Luis Rubalcava Bernard Nisenholz, California State University, Northridge ii DEDICATION This work is dedicated to my family: To my Group family and its leader, Bernie, from which it was born. To my Four Seasons Support Group and the three women who nurtured it and me as family during its inception and growth. To my therapist, Les, who was the holding container for me as I lived the dying, rising and rebirth of its process. To my husband, Len and my four children, for supporting and encouraging its process and helping me survive through to its completion within our family experience. To my mother and father, my family of origin, without whom I would never have had the courage and the consciousness to live it. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Approval ii Dedication iii Table of Contents iv Abstract v I. Chapter One 1 A. Definition of Terms II. Chapter Two 5 A. My Chalet Dream III. Chapter Three 82 A. Review of the Literature IV. Chapter Four 111 A. The Father-Daughter Relationship: a cultural perspective. B. References for Chapter Three 135 V. Conclusion and Lysis 137 VI. References 139 iv I ' ABSTRACT JOURNEY INTO SELF: JUNGIAN DREAM ANALYSIS AS A STEPPING STONE TO INDIVIDUATION by Linda Wood Loomis Master of Arts in Education Educational Psychology, Counseling and Guidance Individuation, the conscious realization of one's own part in the process of human growth, is a unique psychological reality, including strengths and limitations, which leads to th~ integration of the Self as a whole being.
    [Show full text]
  • The Dream and Its Amplification Unveils the Language of the Psyche That Speaks to Us in Our Dreams
    psychology / movements / jungian Amplification means seeking parallels. “In the case of a word which you have never come across before, you try to find parallel text passages ... where that word also occurs, ... If you make the new text a readable whole, you say, ‘Now we can read it.’ That is how we learned to read hieroglyphics and cuneiform inscriptions and that is how we can read dreams.” - C.G. Jung, The Tavistock Lectures The Dream and Its Amplification unveils the language of the psyche that speaks to us in our dreams. We all dream at least 4–6 times each night yet remember very few of our dreams. Those that rise to the surface of our conscious awareness beckon to be understood, like a letter addressed to us that arrives by post. Why would we not open it? The difficulty is in understanding what the dream symbols and images mean. The Dream And Through amplification, C.G. Jung formulated a method of unveiling the deeper Its Amplification meaning of symbolic images. This becomes particularly important when the image does not carry a personal meaning or significance and is not part of a person’s everyday life. Fourteen Jungian Analysts from around the world have contributed chapters to this book on areas of special interest to them in their work with dreams. This offers the seasoned dream worker as well as the novice great insight into the meaning of the dream and its amplification. Contributors to this edition of the Fisher King Review include: Erel Shalit, Nancy Swift Furlotti, Michael Conforti, Thomas Singer, Nancy Qualls-Corbett, Christian Gaillard, Naomi Ruth Lowinsky, Kenneth Kimmel, Gotthilf Isler, Monika Wikman, Henry Abramovitch, Kathryn Madden, Ronald Schenk, and Gilda Frantz.
    [Show full text]
  • Hidden Symbolism of Alchemy and the Occult Arts by Herbert Silberer
    The Project Gutenberg EBook of Hidden Symbolism of Alchemy and the Occult Arts by Herbert Silberer This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at http://www.gutenberg.org/license Title: Hidden Symbolism of Alchemy and the Occult Arts Author: Herbert Silberer Release Date: January 9, 2009 [Ebook 27755] Language: English ***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HIDDEN SYMBOLISM OF ALCHEMY AND THE OCCULT ARTS*** Hidden Symbolism of ALCHEMY and the OCCULT ARTS (Formerly titled: Problems of Mysticism and Its Symbolism) by Dr. Herbert Silberer Translated by Smith Ely Jelliffe, M.D., Ph.D. Dover Publications, Inc. New York 1971 Contents Translator's Preface . 3 Part I. The Parable. 5 Section I. The Parable. 5 Section II. Dream And Myth Interpretation. 21 Part II. Analytic Part. 37 Section I. Psychoanalytic Interpretation Of The Parable. 37 Section II. Alchemy. 88 Section III. The Hermetic Art. 113 Section IV. Rosicrucianism And Freemasonry. 133 Section V. The Problem Of Multiple Interpretation. 163 Part III. Synthetic Part. 179 Section I. Introversion And Regeneration. 179 A. Introversion And Intro-Determination. 179 B. Effects Of Introversion. 207 C. Regeneration. 235 Section II. The Goal Of The Work. 256 Section III. The Royal Art. 284 Notes. 317 Bibliography. 326 Index. 344 Footnotes . 371 [ii] This Dover edition, first published in 1971, is an unabridged and unaltered republication of the work originally published by Moffat, Yard and Company, New York, in 1917 under the title Problems of Mysticism and its Symbolism.
    [Show full text]
  • Comparison of Freudian & Jungian View on Dream Analysis
    Pramana Research Journal ISSN NO: 2249-2976 Comparison of Freudian & Jungian View on Dream Analysis Paras Majumdar1, Dr. Shraddha Tripathi2 (Corresponding Author) 1Student B.A. (Applied Psychology) Amity Institute of Behavioral and Allied Sciences, Amity University Madhya Pradesh, Gwalior [email protected] 2Assistant Professor Amity Institute of Behavioral and Allied Sciences, Amity University Madhya Pradesh, Gwalior [email protected], [email protected] ABSTRACT Dream analysis has been considered as an important part of psychotherapy in Psychoanalysis and Analytical Psychology. In this paper reviewed the basis belonging to the two original and specific theories for dream analysis and interpretation from Freud and Jung. The functioning of each theory is given by the whole nature work behind it. Like the work of Jung’s Archetypal images or the work of Freud the symbolic theory. The new conclusion has been that dreaming apparently adjusts itself to the theory that will be used to analyze and interpret the dreams. Keywords: Dream Analysis, Psychoanalytical, Archetypes, Symbolic Theory Introduction Dream analysis Dreams are stated as“series of thoughts, visions or feelings, dreams arise several times per night during sleep”.As a processsleep refers to cycle. It occurs in five stages, each helping to further the body’s goal of relaxing and energetic, while stages 1-4 are non REM sleep, where as after this the REM (Rapid Eye Movement) stage starts where the dreams arises. This stage of sleep where dreams arises is REM stage confirmed by National sleep an academy. When we sleep our conscious mind also rests and there the process of passing information of unconscious mind to conscious mind starts in the form of dreams.
    [Show full text]
  • JUNG's DREAM THEORY the Dream Theory of Carl G. Jung (1875-1961
    JUNG'S DREAM THEORY The dream theory of Carl G . Jung (1875-1961) Is one of the most important and widely influen- tial dream theories in modern depth psychology (that branch of psychology that studies the un- conscious as its main object) . Jung, a Swiss medi- cal doctor, was at one time Freud's closest friend and leading student; however, Jung and Freud had a bitter falling out in 1914, in part because of their different theories of the nature and function state of wholeness . Jung calls this process indi- of dreams (see FREUD'S DREAM THEORY) . viduation, the "complete actualization of the In Jung's view, dreams are the direct, natural whole human being" (Jung, 1967, Vol . 16, par. expression of the current condition of the 352) . dreamer's mental world . Jung rejected Freud's One of the most distinctive features of Jung's claim that dreams intentionally disguise their theory of dreams is his claim that dreams express meanings ; rather, Jung believed that the nature not just'personal contents, but also collective or of dreams is to present "a spontaneous self- universal contents . Jung believed that dreams fre- portrayal, in symbolic form, of the actual situa- quently contain archetypes, universal psychic tion in the unconscious" (Jung, 1967, Vol . 8, par. images that underlie all human thought . (Com- 505) . Jung claimed that dreams speak in a dis- mon archetypal figures described by Jung are the tinctive language of symbols, images, and meta- wise old man, the great mother, the trickster, the phors, a language that is the unconscious mind's divine child, and the shadow.) Archetypes reflect natural means of expression .
    [Show full text]
  • THE EMERGENT SYNCHRONICITY PRINCIPLE in APPRECIATIVE INQUIRY: SEEING the CONNECTIONS DISSERTATION to Obtain the Degree of Doctor
    THE EMERGENT SYNCHRONICITY PRINCIPLE IN APPRECIATIVE INQUIRY: SEEING THE CONNECTIONS DISSERTATION to obtain the degree of doctor at the University of Twente, on the authority of the rector magnificus, prof. dr. T. T. M. Palstra, on account of the decision of the graduation committee, to be publicly defended on Thursday, August 30, 2018 at 14:45 hrs. by Thomas Edwin Myers born on April 3, 1963 in White Plains, New York, United States of America THE EMERGENT SYNCHRONICITY PRINCIPLE ii This Ph.D. dissertation has been approved by: Prof. dr. C. P. M. Wilderom (Supervisor) Dr. M. Schiller (Co-Supervisor) THE EMERGENT SYNCHRONICITY PRINCIPLE iii Graduation Committee: Chairman and Secretary: Prof. dr. T. A. J. Toonen, University of Twente Supervisors: Prof. dr. C. P. M. Wilderom, University of Twente Dr. M. Schiller, University of Massachusetts Amherst Committee Members: Prof. dr. M. Junger, University of Twente Prof. dr. C. J. M. Millar, University of Twente Prof. dr. J. B. Rijsman, Tilburg University Prof. dr. G. V. C. Trueman, Mount Royal University Prof. dr. R. van Loon, Tilburg University Prof. dr. D. Wulff, University of Calgary THE EMERGENT SYNCHRONICITY PRINCIPLE iv Cover Design: Diana Arsenian, 2018 Copyright © 2018 Thomas E. Myers, Burlington, Vermont, USA. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical or by any means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording without otherwise the prior written approval and permission of the author. ISBN: 978-90-365-4558-7 DOI: 10.3990/1.9789036545587 THE EMERGENT SYNCHRONICITY PRINCIPLE v “Who looks outside, dreams; who looks inside, awakes.” Carl G.
    [Show full text]
  • Working with Dreams in Therapy: What Do We Know and What Should We Do?
    Clinical Psychology Review 24 (2004) 489–512 Review article Working with dreams in therapy: What do we know and what should we do? Nicholas Pesant, Antonio Zadra* Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, C.P. 6128, succ. Centre-ville, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3C 3J7 Received 5 January 2004; received in revised form 11 March 2004; accepted 27 May 2004 Abstract Although a potentially helpful therapeutic tool, dream interpretation or dream work is only used occasionally in most forms of psychotherapy. Despite an interest from clinicians and clients alike in using dreams within therapy, many therapists feel unprepared to attend to their clients’ dreams. The main goals of this article are to make clinicians aware that integrating dreams into their clinical practice is both accessible and potentially valuable and to allow them to make an informed decision as to what role they want dream work to play in therapy. The paper begins with a brief overview of some of the more common approaches to dream work. The literature on the usefulness and effectiveness of the clinical use of dreams is then reviewed. Finally, based on the integration of the clinical and empirical literature, several guidelines for conducting dream work are presented. D 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Dreaming; Dream content; Dream interpretation; Psychotherapy Contents 1. Introduction .................................................... 490 2. Review of models ................................................. 491 2.1. Psychoanalytical approaches: Freud and his successors .......................... 491 2.2. Jungian approach .............................................. 492 2.3. Existentialist approaches .......................................... 493 2.4. Culturalist approach............................................. 493 2.5. Gestalt approach .............................................. 493 2.6. Focusing .................................................. 494 2.7. Dreams in cognitive therapy .......................................
    [Show full text]