Nonprofit and Civil Society Studies An International Multidisciplinary Series For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/6339 Ebenezer Obadare Editor The Handbook of Civil Society in Africa 2123 ISTR Editor Ebenezer Obadare University of Kansas Lawrence Kansas USA ISSN 1568-2579 ISBN 978-1-4614-8261-1 ISBN 978-1-4614-8262-8 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614-8262-8 Springer New York Heidelberg Dordrecht London Library of Congress Control Number: 2013946792 © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2014 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. 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Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) Contents 1 Introduction: Turning the Table on Gellner: Alternative Discourses of Civil Society in Africa ........................................ 1 Ebenezer Obadare Part I Core Themes 2 Escape from Tyranny: Civil Society and Democratic Struggles in Africa ...................................................... 7 Darren Kew and Modupe Oshikoya 3 Civil Society and Religion ....................................... 25 Shobana Shankar 4 Theorizing Media as/and Civil Society in Africa ................... 43 Wendy Willems 5 “Good” State, “Bad” State: Loss and Longing in Postcolonial Zimbabwe ..................................................... 61 Julia Gallagher 6 NGO Accountability in Africa ................................... 77 Ronelle Burger and Dineo Seabe Part II Regional Perspectives 7 Civil Society in the Maghreb: Lessons from the Arab Spring ........ 95 James Sater 8 Civil Society Organizations and the State in East Africa: From the Colonial to the Modern Era ............................ 109 Priscilla Wamucii v vi Contents 9 Civil Society and the Politics of Belonging in Southern Africa ....... 125 Daniel Hammett 10 Building Civil Society in West Africa: Notes from the Field ......... 143 Titilope Mamattah 11 Imagining Civil Society in Zimbabwe and ‘Most of the World’ ...... 157 Kirk Helliker 12 Viral Messaging, Satire, and Spaces of Resistance in Nigeria ........ 175 Carole Enahoro 13 Civil Society and Conflict in West Africa .......................... 199 Niklas Hultin Part III Civil Society in the Shadow of Neoliberalism 14 Neoliberalism and the Forms of Civil Society in Kenya and South Africa ............................................... 215 Jacob Mwathi Mati 15 Africa Rising? Afro-Optimism and Uncivil Society in an Era of Economic Volatility .......................................... 233 Patrick Bond 16 Civil Society and Neoliberalism .................................. 253 Usman A. Tar Part IV After Development: Gender, Sexuality, and Civic Change 17 Popular Organizations in South Africa: From Civics to Service Delivery Protests ............................................... 275 Elke Zuern 18 “If Good Food is Cooked in One Country, We Will All Eat from It”: Women and Civil Society in Africa ...................... 293 Hannah Britton and Taylor Price 19 NGOs, Civil Society, and Development ........................... 311 Badru Bukenya and Sam Hickey 20 Civil Society and Sexual Struggles in Africa ....................... 337 Ashley Currier and Joëlle M. Cruz 21 Civil Society’s Response to the HIV/AIDS Crisis in Africa .......... 361 Richard G. Wamai Contents vii 22 Orature as a Site for Civil Contestation: Film and the Decolonization of Space and Place in Tsisti Dangarembga’s Kare Kare Zvako (Mother’s Day) 2005 ............................................ 399 Bunmi Oyinsan Part V Aid, Volunteering and Philanthropy 23 Civil Society and Aid in Africa: A Case of Mistaken Identity? ....... 417 Alan Fowler 24 Volunteering, Civic Service and Civil Society in Africa.............. 439 Helene Perold and Lauren Graham 25 Philanthropic Foundations and Civil Society in Sub-Saharan Africa 457 Christiana Lariba Atibil 26 Volunteering, Civic Agency, and Citizenship in Africa .............. 475 Ebenezer Obadare Index ............................................................ 483 Contributors Christiana Lariba Atibil is a doctoral candidate in Philanthropic Studies at the Indiana University School of Philanthropy, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI). She holds an MA in Political Science from Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana and an MPA in Nonprofit Management from the School of Public and Environmental Affairs (SPEA) at Indiana University. Her research inter- ests include African civil society, philanthropic foundations and indigenous African philanthropy. Her articles have appeared in Voluntas and Journal of International Politics and Development Indiana University School of Philanthropy, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), Indianapolis, USA e-mail: [email protected] Dr. Patrick Bond is a political economist and senior professor at the University of KwaZulu-Natal School of Built Environment and Development Studies in Durban, where he directs the Centre for Civil Society. Amongst his authored, edited and co-edited books are: Politics of Climate Justice (2012); Durban’s Climate Gamble (2011); Zuma’s Own Goal (2010); Climate Change, Carbon Trading and Civil Soci- ety (2009); The Accumulation of Capital in Southern Africa (2007); Looting Africa (2006); Talk Left, Walk Right (2006); Fanon’s Warning (2005); Elite Transition (2005); Zimbabwe’s Plunge (2003); Against Global Apartheid (2003); Unsustain- able South Africa (2002); Cities of Gold, Townships of Coal (2000); and Uneven Zimbabwe (1998). School of Built Environment and Development Studies, University of KwaZulu- Natal, Durban, South Africa e-mail: [email protected] Dr. Hannah Britton is an Associate Professor of Political Science and Women, Gender, and Sexuality Studies at the University of Kansas. She is the Director of the Center for International Political Analysis at the Institute for Policy and Social Research at the University of Kansas. Her major research interests focus on gender and politics in Africa, specifically examining how gender is used as a site of mobi- lization for women’s political advancement, particularly in democratizing contexts. ix x Contributors Britton’s scholarship has focused on women in African legislatures, civil society, and government bureaucracies. She is currently working on several new projects: state strategies for addressing gender-based violence in southern Africa, governance and AIDS in Africa, and a comparative analysis of human trafficking policies. University of Kansas, Lawrence, USA e-mail: [email protected] Dr. Badru Bukenya is a development analyst and practitioner. He has previously worked with Uganda’s largest NGO, The AIDS Support Organisation (TASO). He is currently a Research Associate at the Effective States and Inclusive Development Centre (ESID), University of Manchester. His research interests are in the politics of civil society, service delivery, state building and citizenship formation in Africa. Effective States and Inclusive Development Centre (ESID), University of Manch- ester, Manchester, UK e-mail: [email protected] Dr. Ronelle Burger is Associate Professor in the Department of Economics, Stellenbosch University, South Africa. She holds an MPhil in Economics from Cam- bridge University, and a PhD in Economics from the University of Nottingham. Her essays have appeared in many leading journals, including World Development, Journal of International Development, and The South African Journal of Economics. Department of Economics, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa e-mail: [email protected] Dr. Joëlle M. Cruz (Ph.D., Texas A&M University) is an assistant professor of Communication Studies at Clemson University. Her most recent work explores con- nections between food access, organizing, and peacebuilding. It examines market women’s grassroots organizations and their contribution to peace after the fourteen- year Liberian civil war. Her work has