DOCSLIB.ORG

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery http://jfm.sagepub.com/ American Association of Feline Practitioners 2006 Panel report on diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of Bartonella spp. infections Jane Brunt, Lynn Guptill, Dorsey L. Kordick, Sandra Kudrak and Michael R. Lappin Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 2006 8: 213 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfms.2006.05.006 The online version of this article can be found at: http://jfm.sagepub.com/content/8/4/213 Disclaimer The Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery is an international journal and authors may discuss products and formulations that are not available or licensed in the individual reader's own country. Furthermore, drugs may be mentioned that are licensed for human use, and not for veterinary use. Readers need to bear this in mind and be aware of the prescribing laws pertaining to their own country. Likewise, in relation to advertising material, it is the responsibility of the reader to check that the product is authorised for use in their own country. The authors, editors, owners and publishers do not accept any responsibility for any loss or damage arising from actions or decisions based on information contained in this publication; ultimate responsibility for the treatment of animals and interpretation of published materials lies with the veterinary practitioner. The opinions expressed are those of the authors and the inclusion in this publication of material relating to a particular product, method or technique does not amount to an endorsement of its value or quality, or the claims made by its manufacturer. Published by: International Society of Feline Medicine American Association of Feline Practitioners and http://www.sagepublications.com Additional services and information for Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery can be found at: Email Alerts: http://jfm.sagepub.com/cgi/alerts Subscriptions: http://jfm.sagepub.com/subscriptions Reprints: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsReprints.nav Permissions: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav >> Version of Record - Aug 1, 2006 What is This? Downloaded from jfm.sagepub.com by guest on May 22, 2013 Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery (2006) 8, 213e226 doi:10.1016/j.jfms.2006.05.006 American Association of Feline Practitioners 2006 Panel report on diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of Bartonella spp. infections 1 2 3 Jane Brunt DVM , Lynn Guptill DVM, PhD, Diplomate ACVIM , Dorsey L Kordick PhD , 4 5 Sandra Kudrak DVM, Diplomate ABVP , Michael R Lappin DVM, PhD, Diplomate ACVIM * 1Cat Hospital At Towson (CHAT), 6701 York Road, Baltimore, MD 21212, USA 2Purdue University e School of Veterinary Medicine, 1248 Lynn Hall, W Lafayette, IN 47907, USA 3IDEXX Pharmaceuticals, 4249- 105 Piedmont Parkway, Greensboro, NC 27410, USA 4Community Animal Hospital, 269 Titusville Road, Poughkeepsie, NY 12603, USA 5Colorado State University, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Clinical Sciences, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA Date accepted: 23 May 2006 Ó 2006 AAFP. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. syndrome of fever, malaise, and re- the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of Bar- gional lymphadenopathy in people tonella spp. infections in both cats and people. A that was frequently associated with At the 2004 Fall Forum of The American Asso- contact with kittens or cats was called Cat ciation of Feline Practitioners (AAFP) in San Scratch Disease (CSD) for decades (Debre et al Francisco, two lectures and a roundtable discus- 1950). A novel organism, Rochalimaea henselae, sion were presented on zoonotic diseases of cats was recognized (Regnery et al 1992a,b) and in general (Brown et al 2002) and Bartonella spp. then was associated with CSD shortly thereafter associated diseases in specific. It was noted at (Zangwill et al 1993). A proposal to unify the that time that an obvious consensus had not genera Rochalimaea and Bartonella was made in been reached for many issues concerning Barto- 1993 and the organism was renamed Bartonella nella spp. infections of cats. Subsequently, in the henselae (Brenner et al 1993). Since that time, summer of 2005, the AAFP Guidelines Commit- over 2500 manuscripts regarding B henselae or re- tee decided to convene a panel of interested lated organisms have been published and there individuals to develop a Panel Report on the have been many notable discoveries concerning topic. The panelists completed the first draft of this Panel Report in November 2005. The pro- ject was announced and a brief outline was *Corresponding author. Tel: þ1-970-221-4535; Fax: þ1-970-297- presented on November 14, 2005 at the AAFP 1275. E-mail: [email protected] Meeting in Chicago. After approval of the 1098-612X/06/080213+14 $32.00/0 Ó 2006 AAFP. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Downloaded from jfm.sagepub.com by guest on May 22, 2013 214 J Brunt et al document by the panelists, the Panel Report of prevalence estimates based on serology should was distributed to select external reviewers that be interpreted cautiously. were considered experts in the field (see Acknowledgements). In addition, AAFP Fellows were contacted and given the opportunity to 3. Which of the Bartonella spp. provide comments. After the comments of the known to infect cats are external reviewers and AAFP Fellows were associated with CSD or incorporated, the Panel Report was approved other human syndromes? by the Guidelines Committee members and the AAFP Board in April 2006. The panel members The large majority of people with CSD, bacillary felt that presentation of the materials would be peliosis, or bacillary angiomatosis have been best in a question and answer format; we used infected by B henselae or B quintana (Koehler the questions that were commonly presented to et al 1992, 1997, Breitschwerdt and Kordick us as veterinary clinicians or Bartonella spp. 2000, Chomel et al 2003a, 2004, Boulouis et al researchers. We have attempted to formulate con- 2005). Persistent fever has also been detected in sensus viewpoints when possible, using evidence- people infected by B henselae (Jacobs and Schutze based medicine and thus have provided pertinent 1998). Based on serological test results, B clarridg- references for most statements. This Panel Report eiae has been suspected as a cause of CSD-like ill- will be amended as indicated as new published ness in people (Clarridge et al 1995, Kordick et al data become available. 1997b). Bartonella koehlerae DNA was recently amplified from the blood of a person with endo- carditis (Avidor et al 2004). Bartonella quintana 1. How are Bartonella spp. infection is the cause of trench fever, endocardi- tis, bacillary angiomatosis and other clinical currently classified? conditions (Slater and Welch 2004). However, Bartonella spp. are gram-negative, hemotropic, B quintana is transmitted to people by lice; cats bacterial organisms that infect people and a num- are not thought to be an important factor in ber of domestic and wild mammals (Brenner et al transmission to people. 1993, Breitschwerdt and Kordick 2000, Chomel et al 2004, Boulouis et al 2005, Guptill 2005). 4. Are there multiple variants of B henselae? 2. Which Bartonella spp. There is marked genetic diversity among B hense- infect cats? lae isolates from cats. Two 16S rRNA genotypes, By use of culture or DNA amplification tech- genotype I (Houston) and genotype II (Marseille) niques, cats are known to be infected by Barto- of B henselae exist and other methods of genetic nella henselae (Regnery et al 1992b, Koehler et al classification define additional differences. Prev- 1994, Breitschwerdt and Kordick 2000, Chomel alence of Type I and Type II genotypes in cats or et al 2004, Boulouis et al 2005, Guptill 2005), people has been most widely reported on and re- B clarridgeiae (Clarridge et al 1995, Kordick et al sults varied in different studies which may relate 1997b, Gurfield 1997, Heller et al 1997, Maruyama to geographical or other factors (Gurfield et al et al 2000), Bkoehlerae(Avidor et al 2004, Droz et al 1997, Heller et al 1997, Koehler et al 1997, Sander 1999, Rolain et al 2003a), B quintana (La et al et al 1998, Maruyama 2000, Guptill et al 2004, 2005) and B bovis (Regnery et al 2000, Bermond Fabbi et al 2004). Results of multilocus sequence et al 2002). Cats are thought to be the main typing (MLST) suggest that the type II genotype reservoir hosts for B henselae and B clarridgeiae is ancestral with the type I appearing later and and probably are the reservoir for B koehlerae that horizontal gene transfer occurs with Bartonella (Boulouis et al 2005). There is limited informa- (Iredell et al 2003). Most studies suggest that tion about other Bartonella spp. infections of strains that infect humans are less genetically cats and the role of cats in the ecology of other diverse than those that infect cats (Arvand et al Bartonella spp. is unknown. In serological stud- 2001, Dillon et al 2002, Iredell et al 2003). Genetic ies, antibodies against B quintana (Al-Majali variations between isolates may also relate to 2004) and B elizabethae (Hjelm et al 2002) have virulence in people (Bergmans et al 1996, Chang been detected in some cats. Because of serologi- et al 2002, Dillon et al 2002, Iredell et al 2003, cal cross reactivity among Bartonella spp., results Woestyn et al 2004). Downloaded from jfm.sagepub.com by guest on May 22, 2013 American Association of Feline Practitioners 2006 Panel report 215 5. How common are Bartonella spp. et al 2004, Boulouis et al 2005). Other risk factors infections of cats around the world? include being allowed outdoors or being other- wise associated with multiple cats. Bartonella spp. infections of cats have been documented by culture or amplification of DNA by PCR assay in multiple countries within 8. How are Bartonella spp.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Species List 02/11/2017
    1 of 27 Kelvingrove Park - species list 02/11/2017 Group Taxon Common Name Earliest Latest Records acarine Hydracarina 2004 2004 1 amphibian Bufo bufo Common Toad 2014 2014 2 amphibian Lissotriton helveticus Palmate Newt 2006 2006 1 amphibian Lissotriton vulgaris Smooth Newt 1997 1997 1 amphibian Rana temporaria Common Frog 2009 2017 6 annelid Alboglossiphonia heteroclita 2003 2004 2 annelid Erpobdella testacea 2003 2003 1 annelid Glossiphonia complanata 2003 2003 1 annelid Helobdella stagnalis 2003 2014 3 annelid Lumbricus terrestris Common Earthworm 1996 2000 1 annelid Naididae 2004 2004 1 annelid Tubificidae Tubificid Worm Sp. 2003 2004 2 bird Acanthis flammea Common (Mealy) Redpoll 1991 1991 1 bird Accipiter nisus Sparrowhawk 1983 2008 7 bird Aegithalos caudatus Long-tailed Tit 1991 2017 16 bird Aix galericulata Mandarin Duck 1969 1969 1 bird Alcedo atthis Kingfisher 1988 2017 27 bird Anas penelope Wigeon 1994 1994 1 bird Anas platyrhynchos Mallard 1968 2014 246 bird Anser anser Greylag Goose 1973 1973 1 bird Apus apus Swift 2008 2014 4 bird Ardea cinerea Grey Heron 1991 2014 28 bird Aythya ferina Pochard 1939 1994 10 bird Aythya fuligula Tufted Duck 1992 2004 16 bird Bucephala clangula Goldeneye 1991 2006 59 bird Carduelis carduelis Goldfinch 1998 2014 12 bird Certhia familiaris Treecreeper 1995 2017 11 bird Chloris chloris Greenfinch 1988 2016 7 bird Chroicocephalus ridibundus Black-headed Gull 1961 2014 16 bird Cinclus cinclus Dipper 1991 2014 8 bird Columba livia Feral Pigeon 1958 2015 21 bird Columba oenas Stock Dove 2014 2015 2 bird Columba palumbus Woodpigeon 2014 2014 7 bird Corvus corone Carrion Crow 2014 2014 1 2 of 27 Kelvingrove Park - species list 02/11/2017 Group Taxon Common Name Earliest Latest Records bird Corvus corone agg.
    [Show full text]
  • Zoonotic Diseases Associated with Free-Roaming Cats R
    Zoonoses and Public Health REVIEW ARTICLE Zoonotic Diseases Associated with Free-Roaming Cats R. W. Gerhold1 and D. A. Jessup2 1 Center for Wildlife Health, Department of Forestry, Wildlife, and Fisheries, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA 2 California Department of Fish and Game (retired), Santa Cruz, CA, USA Impacts • Free-roaming cats are an important source of zoonotic diseases including rabies, Toxoplasma gondii, cutaneous larval migrans, tularemia and plague. • Free-roaming cats account for the most cases of human rabies exposure among domestic animals and account for approximately 1/3 of rabies post- exposure prophylaxis treatments in humans in the United States. • Trap–neuter–release (TNR) programmes may lead to increased naı¨ve populations of cats that can serve as a source of zoonotic diseases. Keywords: Summary Cutaneous larval migrans; free-roaming cats; rabies; toxoplasmosis; zoonoses Free-roaming cat populations have been identified as a significant public health threat and are a source for several zoonotic diseases including rabies, Correspondence: toxoplasmosis, cutaneous larval migrans because of various nematode parasites, R. Gerhold. Center for Wildlife Health, plague, tularemia and murine typhus. Several of these diseases are reported to Department of Forestry, Wildlife, and cause mortality in humans and can cause other important health issues includ- Fisheries, The University of Tennessee, ing abortion, blindness, pruritic skin rashes and other various symptoms. A Knoxville, TN 37996-4563, USA. Tel.: 865 974 0465; Fax: 865-974-0465; E-mail: recent case of rabies in a young girl from California that likely was transmitted [email protected] by a free-roaming cat underscores that free-roaming cats can be a source of zoonotic diseases.
    [Show full text]
  • Flea Control in Cats Where Did My Cat Get Fleas? the Most Common Flea
    Flea Control in Cats Where did my cat get fleas? The most common flea found on cats and dogs is the cat flea (Ctenocephalides felis), although any species of fleas, including fleas from rabbits, squirrels or other wildlife, can be found on cats. The most important source of cat fleas is newly emerged adult fleas from flea pupae in your house or yard. Adult fleas live, feed and mate on our pets; the female flea lays eggs that fall off into the environment where they hatch into larvae. The larvae eat organic debris until they mature into pupae. The pupae are encased in a sticky cocoon, helping them to camouflage in the environment and making them difficult to eradicate. Adult fleas will not emerge from the pupae until they sense an animal nearby to feed on. Newly hatched adult fleas jump onto a host animal to complete their life cycle. Two days after eating a blood meal from the host, the female flea begins to lay eggs. Under ideal conditions, the flea can complete its entire life cycle in as little as two weeks; in adverse conditions, the fleas within the pupae remain dormant, and can wait as much as a year to hatch, when conditions are more desirable. Homes with carpets and central heating provide ideal conditions for the year-round development of fleas. The highest numbers of flea eggs, larvae and pupae will be found in areas of the house where pets spend the most time, such as their beds and furniture. Even though fleas may be in your house, you probably won't see them.
    [Show full text]
  • Domestic Dogs Are Mammalian Reservoirs for the Emerging
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Domestic dogs are mammalian reservoirs for the emerging zoonosis fea-borne spotted fever, caused by Rickettsia felis Dinh Ng-Nguyen 1*, Sze-Fui Hii2, Minh-Trang Thi Hoang3, Van-Anh Thi Nguyen1, Robert Rees4,5, John Stenos2 & Rebecca Justine Traub4 Rickettsia felis is an obligate intracellular bacterium that is being increasingly recognized as an etiological agent of human rickettsial disease globally. The agent is transmitted through the bite of an infected vector, the cat fea, Ctenocephalides felis, however there is to date, no consensus on the pathogen’s vertebrate reservoir, required for the maintenance of this agent in nature. This study for the frst time, demonstrates the role of the domestic dog (Canis familiaris) as a vertebrate reservoir of R. felis. The ability of dogs to sustain prolonged periods of rickettsemia, ability to remain asymptomatically infected with normal haematological parameters and ability to act as biological vehicles for the horizontal transmission of R. felis between infected and uninfected feas provides indication of their status as a mammalian reservoir of this emerging zoonosis. Rickettsiae are obligate intracellular alpha-proteobacteria, maintained in nature through arthropod vectors and the vertebrate hosts they infect. Vertebrate hosts capable of developing rickettsemias, termed reservoir hosts, in turn, allow new lines of arthropod vectors to acquire infection. Except for epidemic typhus caused by Rickettsia prowazekii and transmitted by the human body louse, humans represent accidental or end-stage hosts for these agents and play no role in their life cycle. Rickettsia felis URRWXCal2 is being increasingly implicated as an important cause of non-specifc febrile illness in humans globally1–3.
    [Show full text]
  • HS NEWS Volume 27, Number 02
    HuananeThe Spring 1982 soctetv news Vol.27 No.2 OF THE UNITED STAT~~ Grand Prize Winner 1981 HSUS Annual Photo Contest Wild Horses and a Tarnished Dream Who Speaks For Animals? Page 10 Eleven years after passage of the act designed to protect them, wild horses face a government threat to .trim their Within the animal-welfare movement there is a great temptation to view one's own under­ numbers. standing of animal-welfare issues as the only view worthy of serious consideration. As so often with religion, there is a certitude born of personal convictions and beliefs that allows for no other view or opinions. Even when compared with those held by groups of similar persuasion, "NO VEAL THIS MEAL" Departments we are loathe to concede that someone else may possess insight and understanding we have Page4 Tracks ................. 2 missed. Federal Report ......... 16 Around the Regions . 26 All too often, it has been this kind of exclusivity and pride that has prevented cooperative endeavor among animal-welfare groups. A recent example of that kind of intractability is the Law Notes ............. 32 position currently being taken by Friends of Animals as regards H.R. 556, one of several bills which would provide further protection for laboratory animals and accelerated development of alternatives to live-animal research. H.R. 556 is most assuredly a bill with considerable merit, and one for which The HSUS has indicated its support. But because we did not support this Why the Anti-Cat Cult? bill exclusively, The HSUS is being blamed because this bill has not been favorably reported Page20 International Day of the out of the Congressional Subcommittee on Science, Research, and Technology.
    [Show full text]
  • Vaccinations, Parasite Control, Proper Nutrition and Dental Care
    KEEPING YOUR CAT HEALTHY LIKE HUMANS, CATS ARE AT RISK COMPREHENSIVE FOR MANY DISEASES. PROTECTION Preventive healthcare, including a vaccination program and regular parasite prevention, will help protect your cat from disease and discomfort. In addition, proper nutrition, For your Family regular exercise and annual visits to the veterinarian will help maintain good health for your pet. ANNUAL PHYSICAL EXAM An annual physical examination is the best way to ensure continued good health for your cat. It provides your veterinarian with an important opportunity to detect and prevent potential health problems. During the annual physical exam, your veterinarian will assess the overall health of your cat. This evaluation may include laboratory testing and other diagnostic workups. Your veterinarian will speak with you about preventive healthcare measures for your cat, such as vaccinations, parasite control, proper nutrition and dental care. DISEASE DIAGNOSIS Your veterinarian will examine your pet both visually and manually to assess its health and physical condition. Additional diagnostics, NADA’S A #1 C * including blood, stool and urine samples and a skin examination may be necessary to determine whether disease is present F or to differentiate between diseases. E L E IN G E N V RA ACCINE *Impact Vet YTD May 2018, includes the whole range of PureVax® Vaccines PUREVAX® THE NONADJUVANTED FELINE VACCINE RANGE POTENTIALPOTENTIAL THREATS THREATS TO YOUR TO PET’S YOUR HEALTH PET’S HEALTH INFECTIOUS DISEASESINFECTIOUS DISEASES INTERNAL PARASITESINTERNAL PARASITES Rabies is a fatal viralRabies disease is a that fatal can viral infect disease all that can infect all warm-blooded animals,warm-blooded including animals,cats and includinghumans.
    [Show full text]
  • Guide to Your New Cat
    Nevada Humane Society Guide to Your New Cat Thank you for adopting your new cat from Nevada Humane Society! Not only have you helped save a life, but you are about to embark on one of the most rewarding personal experiences—sharing your life with a cat! Nevada Humane Society 2825 Longley Lane Ste B, Reno, NV 89502 (775) 856-2000 [email protected] www.nevadahumanesociety.org 1 Congratulations! There are 60 million pet cats in the United States and, now that you have adopted a cat from the Nevada Humane Society, you’ve made it 60 million plus one. Once you’ve outfitted yourself with some basic supplies and a little helpful advice, you’ll see how rewarding it can be to live with one of these wonderful animals, the pet of choice since 3500 B.C. Table of Contents What You’ll Need page 3 Getting Acquainted page 3 Your Cat’s New Home page 3 Hiding page 4 Introducing Your New Cat to Other Pets page 4 Introducing a Cat to Other Cats page 4 Introducing a Cat to a Dog page 5 Kids and Cats page 5 How to Meet and Greet a Cat page 6 Kitty Colds page 6 Care and Feeding page 7 Feeding Your Cat page 7 Training Your Cat to Use a Litter Box page 7 Spaying or Neutering Your Cat page 7 Letting Your Cat Outside page 8 Declawing page 8 Keeping Your Cat Healthy page 9 Keeping Your Cat Flea-Free page 9 Handling Your Cat page 9 Unhappy Cats page 9 Frequently Asked Questions page 10 Need Help with Your Pet? Page 11 Your Contract with Your New Cat page 12 Nevada Humane Society 2825 Longley Lane Ste B, Reno, NV 89502 (775) 856-2000 [email protected] www.nevadahumanesociety.org 2 What You’ll Need • Cat litter box, litter, and litter scoop • Food dish • Water dish • Scratching post • Cat food • Cat toys • Cat brush • Catnip (optional) Getting Acquainted Cats have a well-earned reputation for being curious, independent, and sensitive.
    [Show full text]
  • Cat Flea, Ctenocephalides Felis (Bouché)1 D
    EENY-011 Cat Flea, Ctenocephalides felis (Bouché)1 D. C. Zentko and D. L. Richman2 Introduction Distribution There are over 2,000 described species of fleas. The most Although it exists worldwide, the cat flea is most commonly common domestic flea is the cat flea, Ctenocephalides found in the United States, in and around homes with pets. felis (Bouché). The adult cat flea, unlike many other fleas, remains on the host. Adults require a fresh blood meal in Description order to reproduce. Adults Adults are stimulated to emerge by vibration or an increase in carbon dioxide. They are about 1 to 3 mm in size, reddish-brown to black in color, wingless, and are laterally compressed. They possess powerful hind legs that allow for running and jumping through hair, fur, and feathers. Adult cat fleas require fresh blood to produce eggs. This is the only stage in the cat flea life cycle when the fleas live on the pet. Adults live 4 to 25 days. Eggs Cat flea eggs are laid at the rate of up to one egg per hour. They are oval, smooth, and about 0.5 mm in size. Due to Figure 1. Adult cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis (Bouché). Credits: UF/IFAS their dry, smooth surface, the eggs easily fall out of the animal’s hair. Though otherwise visible, the white eggs are The dog flea, Ctenocephalides canis (Curtis), appears similar nearly impossible to see against surfaces such as carpet, to the cat flea, but is rarely found in the United States. Cat bedding, and lawn. It is here where the eggs will remain fleas are commonly found on both cats and dogs in North until the larvae emerge.
    [Show full text]
  • Revolt™ (Selamectin) Topical Parasiticide for Dogs and Cats
    Revolt™ (selamectin) Topical Parasiticide for Dogs and Cats A truly affordable option for fighting problem f leas, heartworms, ear mites and other harmful parasites in dogs and cats. www.aurorapharmaceutical.com Revolt™ (selamectin) SAME MEDICINE, HIGHER VALUE, MADE IN USA Revolt™ (selamectin) Topical Parasiticide is a highly affordable, once-a-month prevention answer for heartworms, fleas and a host of other problematic parasites. Revolt™ offers the same active ingredient and mode of action as the pioneer product, Revolution® Topical Solution, but at greatly reduced pricing. REVOLT™ DEFENDS AGAINST: FLEAS (Ctenocephalides felis) CATS & DOGS Revolt™ is recommended for use in FEATURES & BENEFITS dogs six weeks of age or older and cats eight weeks of age and older HEARTWORM COMPARISON (Dirofilaria immitis) CATS & DOGS PRODUCT FEATURES REVOLT™ REVOLUTION® SENERGY™ SELARID™ EAR MITES (Otodectes cynotis) Active ingredient: Selamectin CATS & DOGS Full line comparison to pioneer product * ROUNDWORMS Manufactured in USA for secure supply chain (Toxocara cati) Twist-N-Apply applicator – no cap to remove/dispose CATS Product color coding matches pioneer for ease of CLIENT conversion HOOKWORMS Available for kittens up to 5-lbs. (Ancylostoma tubaeforme) Available for puppies up to 5-lbs. CATS Weight-specific packages for exact dosing AMERICAN DOG TICK Quick-drying, non-greasy topical solution (Dermacentor variabilis) DOGS Monthly control of heartworm, fleas, ear mites in dogs and cats Monthly control of American dog tick and sarcoptic mange in dogs SARCOPTIC MANGE Treatment of roundworms and hookworms in cats (Sarcoptes scabiei) DOGS *Pioneer Product Revolt™ is a Trademark of Aurora Pharmaceutical, Inc. Revolution® is a Registered Trademark of Zoetis, Inc.
    [Show full text]
  • Concurrent Session Presentations (Pdf)
    CONCURRENT SESSION PRESENTATIONS ZINC-ASSOCIATED DERMATOSES OF THE DOG Crow DW1 1Animal Dermatology Referral Clinic, Dallas, TX, USA BACKGROUND Zinc is an essential dietary element and is incorporated into enzymes where it plays a key role in regulating various aspects of cellular metabolism.1 If zinc levels are low due to insufficient dietary intake, decreased dietary absorption, competition between hormones such as estrogen and zinc for serum protein, or an inherent defect of zinc utilization or uptake at the cellular level, a disease state will likely result. 1-2 Four basic groups of zinc-associated dermatoses have been reported to date in the dog. The first (Syndrome I) may occur in any age of dog fed balanced diets and Siberian Huskies appear to be over represented as a breed. 1 The second (Syndrome II) has been reported in young dogs fed unbalanced diets low in zinc or high in plant protein (phytate) or calcium, which binds zinc and prevents absorption. Cereal or soy based diets have also been linked to this syndrome. 2 The third is lethal acrodermatitis in Bull Terriers that appears to be an inherited autosomal recessive trait that produces a lethal syndrome. These patients’ serum zinc levels are low, however, they do not respond to oral or parenteral zinc supplementation. 3 The last group reported was a litter of Pharaoh hound puppies that were severely clinically affected, exhibited low serum zinc levels and did respond favorably to intravenous but not oral zinc supplementation. 4 PHYSICAL FINDINGS The clinical hallmarks of zinc-associated dermatoses in the dog are crusting, alopecia and erythema with variable amounts of focal pruritus.
    [Show full text]
  • Categorical Care: an OWNER’S GUIDE TO
    CATegorical Care: AN OWNER’S GUIDE TO Sponsored by CATegorical Care: An Owner’s Guide to America’s #1 Companion Author Steve Dale, CABC Co-Author Amy Shojai, CABC Copy Editor, Co-Author Beth Adelman, CCBC Reviewers American Veterinary Medical Association Jane Brunt, DVM, executive director, CATalyst Council Tony Buffington, DVM, PhD, DACVN, professor of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University Veterinary Medical Center, Indoor Cat Initiative Diane Eigner, VMD, chair, CATalyst Council Susan Little, DVM, ABVP (feline practice), past president, Winn Feline Foundation Marie S. McCabe, DVM, vice president, Human-Animal Interactions, American Humane Association Jan McHugh-Smith, CAWA, president, Society of Animal Welfare Administrators, and CEO, Humane Society of the Pikes Peak Region Jacqui Neilsen, DVM, DACVB Margie Scherk, DVM, Dip ABVP (feline) This document is approved by the American Humane Association, CATalyst Council, Society of Animal Welfare Administrators and Winn Feline Foundation. Dedicated to the memory of James Richards, DVM, Cornell Feline Health Center A friend to all cats CATalyst Council and American Humane Contents Introduction _______________________________________________________________________1 CATegorical Care: An Owner’s Guide to America’s #1 Companion _____________________1 Here Kitty, Kitty: Where to Find a Cat _______________________________________________2 Spay/Neuter, Please ________________________________________________________________2 Kitten Socialization Classes ________________________________________________________3
    [Show full text]
  • Pediculus Humanus
    Studies into the insecticidai activity and mode of action of monoterpenoid constituents of essentiai oiis against the human iouse, Pediculus humanus. A thesis presented by Caroline Mary Priestley For the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Centre for Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, The School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of London. 2002 Abstract The incidence of head lice, 'Pediculus humanus capitis^ in the West is increasing, with insecticide resistance the likely cause. Previous studies have explored the utility of essential oils, and some of their constituent monoterpenoids, in the treatment of head lice. This investigation examines the relative short-term toxicity of a range of different monoterpenoid structures on adult clothing lice, Pediculus humanus corporis, and their eggs; a structure-activity series was generated for the adults, and partially for eggs. The most effective monoterpenoid against adult Hce was (+)-terpinen-4-ol, with monocyclic compounds containing a single O-atom having the highest activities. Furthermore, there appear to be important differences between the relative potencies of monoterpenoids on lice and eggs, as nerolidol was particularly effective against eggs but completely ineffective against adult lice. To investigate the insecticidal mechanism of action of monterpenoids, various pediculicidal structures were screened for activity on an insect ionotropic GABA receptor, composed of the Drosophila melanogaster svhum t RDL^^, expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Thymol, eugenol and carvacrol potentiated GABA responses at this receptor, and possessed agonist activity at high concentrations. This is the first documentation of monoterpenoid bioactivity at an isolated insect receptor known to be representative of an in vivo insecticidal target.
    [Show full text]