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Curating Innovation Within Entrepreneurship Centers: an IPA Study Exploring The

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1 In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Education Northeastern University Curating Innovation within Entrepreneurship Centers: An IPA Study Exploring the Entrepreneurial Learning Experiences of Center Directors Across Different Types of Post- Secondary Institutions by Anna L. Etienne Committee: Dr. Margaret Gorman, Chair Dr. Tova Sanders, 2nd reader Dr. Kellie Byrd Danso, 3rd reader Dissertation Defense: November 20, 2019 2 Abstract Entrepreneurship within the U.S. economy has long been established as a source of economic growth for job creation. According to “The Facts about Small Business,” small businesses contribute up to 75% of new jobs (Bohdan, Tipton, Kiefer, & Djatej, 2014). Entrepreneurial centers (ECs) are tools that can develop a culture of entrepreneurship, increase human capital skills, and increase revenue (Fernández Fernández, Blanco Jiménez, & Cuadrado Roura, 2015), thus, contributing to the entrepreneurial ecosystems via the networks established (Redondo & Camarero, 2018). Although higher education has developed a platform of curating innovation within entrepreneurship centers (EC), there is a limited amount of information regarding the experience of directors and leadership responsible for creating and expanding these centers within an academic environment. The purpose of this qualitative, interpretive phenomenological analysis is to uncover how entrepreneurship centers’ directors, with a post-secondary institution, describe their learning over time. Guided by entrepreneurial learning theory (ELT), the study incorporates a conceptual framework of entrepreneurial learning as an experiential process that addresses four phases of transition in entrepreneurial knowledge, entrepreneurial work experience, the transformation process, and factors influencing the transformation process. Semi- structured interviews adopted from IPA. Four themes emerged included: a sense of support, proficiency, limitations, and impact. Leadership within secondary institutions and entrepreneurship centers can benefit from this study. This research explores the problem, encourages discussion, and introduces ways to improve and cultivate an EC’s potential. Keywords: Entrepreneurship Center, Universities, Institution, Innovation, Entrepreneurial learning, Entrepreneurship 3 DEDICATION I would like to thank my family for supporting me, my chair Dr. Gorman for guiding me, and my friends/doctoral support system Dr. Ruth Floreal, Dr. Tameka Rodney, Dr. Tania Abouzeide, and Dr. Jackie Cade. Supporting each other and finishing our doctoral degrees together has been the most rewarding experience. Thank you. 4 Table of Contents Chapter 1: Introduction ................................................................................................................... 7 Statement of the Problem ............................................................................................................ 8 The Significance of the Research Question ................................................................................ 9 Research Problem and Research Question ............................................................................ 11 Theoretical Framework: Entrepreneurial Learning as an Experiential Process ........................ 12 Figure 2 A conceptual framework of entrepreneurial learning as an experiential process ... 14 Entrepreneurial Knowledge ................................................................................................... 15 Entrepreneurial Career Experience ........................................................................................ 16 Transformation Process and Factors Influencing the Transformation Process ..................... 19 Critics of Your Theory .............................................................................................................. 20 Entrepreneurial Learning as an Experiential Process ............................................................ 21 Rationale .................................................................................................................................... 21 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................. 22 Chapter 2: Literature Review ........................................................................................................ 28 Historical Review of Entrepreneurial Programs’ Transition into Higher education ................. 29 Summary ................................................................................................................................... 31 Private Entrepreneurial Programs and Hubs ............................................................................. 31 Business Incubators ............................................................................................................... 32 Co-working Space (CS) ......................................................................................................... 35 Summary ................................................................................................................................... 39 Entrepreneurship Centers within Post-Secondary Institutions .................................................. 40 Post-Secondary Institutions and ECs ..................................................................................... 41 The Partnership between Government & Higher Education ................................................. 42 Small Business Development Centers SBDC ....................................................................... 43 Economic Development Centers (EDC) or Organizations .................................................... 45 Summary ................................................................................................................................... 50 Program Methods & Processes ................................................................................................. 50 Incubation Process ................................................................................................................. 50 Conceptualized Methods ....................................................................................................... 52 Summary ................................................................................................................................... 59 5 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................. 60 Chapter 3: Methodology ............................................................................................................... 62 Methodology Overview ............................................................................................................. 62 Research Design ........................................................................................................................ 63 Participants ................................................................................................................................ 67 Procedures ................................................................................................................................. 68 Data Analysis ......................................................................................................................... 69 Criteria for Quality Qualitative Research .................................................................................. 70 Ethical Considerations ........................................................................................................... 71 Credibility .............................................................................................................................. 71 Transferability ....................................................................................................................... 72 Internal Audit ......................................................................................................................... 73 Self-Reflexivity and Transparency: Role of Researcher (Positionality) ............................... 73 Limitations ............................................................................................................................. 75 Chapter 4: Findings & Analysis .................................................................................................... 77 Participants ................................................................................................................................ 77 Participant Summary ................................................................................................................. 90 Emergent Themes .................................................................................................................. 90 Table 4.2 Superordinate and Subordinate Themes ................................................................ 91 Theme 1: Experience of being supported. ............................................................................. 91 Theme 2: Feelings of preparedness and proficiency ............................................................. 99 Theme 3: Experience of being limited ................................................................................ 108 Theme 4: Experience of creating impact ............................................................................. 112 Conclusion ..............................................................................................................................
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