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Archaeology in Alberta 1978 ARCHAEOLOGY IN ALBERTA, 1978 Compiled by J.M. Hillerud Archaeological Survey of Alberta Occasional Paper No. 14 ~~.... Prepared by: Published by: Archaeological Survey Alberta Culture of Alberta Historical Resources Division OCCASIONAL PAPERS Papers for publication in this series of monographs are produced by or for the four branches of the Historical Resources Division of Alberta Culture: the Provincial Archives of Alberta, the Provincial Museum of Alberta, the Historic Sites Service and the Archaeological Survey of Alberta. Those persons or institutions interested in particular subject sub-series may obtain publication lists from the appropriate branches, and may purchase copies of the publications from the following address: Alberta Culture The Bookshop Provincial Museum of Alberta 12845 - 102 Avenue Edmonton, Alberta T5N OM6 Phone (403) 452-2150 Objectives These Occasional Papers are designed to permit the rapid dissemination of information resulting from Historical Resources' programmes. They are intended primarily for interested specialists, rather than as popular publications for general readers. In the interests of making information available quickly to these specialists, normal production procedures have been abbreviated. i ABSTRACT In 1978, the Archaeological Survey of Alberta initiated and adminis­ tered a number of archaeological field and laboratory investigations dealing with a variety of archaeological problems in Alberta. The ma­ jority of these investigations were supported by Alberta Culture. Summary reports on 21 of these projects are presented herein. An additional four "shorter contributions" present syntheses of data, and the conclusions derived from them, on selected subjects of archaeo­ logical interest. The reports included in this volume emphasize those investigations which have produced new contributions to the body of archaeological knowledge in the province and progress reports of con­ tinuing programmes of investigations. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE· ABSTRACT ..... i i TABLE OF CONTENTS iii LIST OF TABLES . ... .. v LIST OF FIGURES .. vi Archaeological Investigations in Alberta, 1978 W. J. Byrne ................ .... 1 Historic Resources Assessment, Fort Chipewyan III, 1978, Project 78-61-C. Roderick J. Heitzmann ........... ... 14 Alberta Forest Service Campground Survey, Northwestern Alberta, 1978­ Permit 78-8; and Alberta Provincial Parks Branch Parks Survey, Northwestern Alberta, 1978, Permit 78-30 Wi 11 i am J. Wood ... ... .......... 22 The Upper Peace River, Alberta, Permit Number 78-10 William J. Wood . 26 1978 Highways Mitigation, Northeastern Alberta, Project 78-71-C T. Head ............................ 34 Archaeological Salvage Excavations at Fort Victoria, Project 78-70 Ba rry Newton ..................... 38 Highway Archaeological Survey of Northern Alberta, 1978, Project 78-56-C Eugene M. Gryba ................... 45 Archaeological Research in the Parkland and Northeastern Boreal Forest, 1978, Permit Numbers 78-21,78-50,78-48, 78-49 John W. Pollock . 51 Archaeological Investigation at Fort George, Project 78-22-C Timothy C. Losey .•................... 62 Historical Resource Inventory and Assessment of the Keephills Area, Projects 77-57 and 77-58 Bruce M. Wright ........................ 73 Preliminary Report on Archaeological Investigations in the Eastern Slopes of Alberta, 1978, Permit Numbers 78-15, 78-16, 78-17 Jack Brink ............... 79 A Review of Kananaskis Park Archaeology to 1977, Projects 76-55 and 77-74 Ian R. Wilson . 86 Archaeological Investigations in Alberta1s Rocky Mountains, Projects 78-74-C and 78-l05-C E. Jane Warner ......................... 93 1978 Highways Mitigation, Central Alberta, Project 78-72-C T. Head and B.O.K. Reeves 106 iii PAGE End-of-Season Report, 1978 Highways Mitigation, Southern Alberta, Project 78-73-C John H. Brumley and Leigh Heikkila . 108 Alberta Highways South Survey: Historical Resources Assessment Programme, 1978, Project 78-53-C Roderick J. Heitzmann and John Priegert ..•...... 120 Archaeological Survey of the Proposed Langdon Reservoir Area, Project 78-85 Ian R. Wilson ......•... 132 The Anderson and the Ross Glenn Sites: 1978 Plains Research, Permit Numbers 78-24, 78-80 J. Michael Quigg .......... .•...... 136 Mitigation and Evaluation of Two Historic Sites, Passburg and Frank, in the Crowsnest Pass, Permit Numbers 78-51, 78-52 Michael Forsman ....................... 144 The Elnora Bison Bone Bed (Alberta), Project 78-116-C Michael Wilson . 151 Reports of Bison Remains, Edmonton Vicinity, Permit Numbers 78-65, 78-81 John M. Hillerud . 154 Approaches to Fur Trade Archaeology, Project 77-22 in part. Michael R.A. Forsman and Joseph G. Gallo .. 159 BIBLIOGRAPHY ................... 186 iv LIST OF TABLES TABLE PAGE 1. 1978 Project Permits Issued by the Archaeological Survey of Alberta, 1978 (Byrne) . 2 2. Frequencies of Lithic Material, Peace River Sites (Wood) 32 3. Summary of Highway Archaeological Survey Projects (North) Covered by Gryba, 1978 ... 46 4. Summary of Alberta Highways South Survey, 1978 (Heitzmann- Pri egert) ........ .. ................. 122 5. Site Densities of Bio-geographic Zones (Heitzmann-Priegert) . 131 6. Artifact Assemblage Profiles for Six Early Fur Trade Sites (Forsman-Gallo) . 171 7. The Early Fur Trade Artifact Pattern (Forsman-Gallo) . 172 8. Overall Pattern Test - Carolina versus Frontier versus Fur Trade (Forsman-Gallo) ........... .. 174 9. Ranking of Artifact Groups (Forsman-Gallo) . 176 10. Forsman-Gallo Appendix 1-1 . 180 11 . Forsman-Gallo Appendix 1-2 183 v LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE PAGE 1. Archaeological investigations, 1978 ........... 12 2. General view looking west of historic Fort Chipewyan 20 3. Surface disturbance of an early nineteenth century stone hearth caused by automobile traffic ........... 20 4. Part of a survey plan of Fort Chipewyan prepared by George Bayne (1898) -. ..................... 21 5. The north east corner of an unknown early building at the site ..................... 21 6. Locations of Provincial Parks campground mitigation study areas ...... .'. .............•. 23 7. Study area, Peace River Project . .. ..... 27 8. Topography and drainage, Peace River system ... 28 9. Finished bifaces from Upper Peace River Region .... 31 10. Profile of south wall of feature ..... .. ..... 40 11. Photography of south wall profile. ...... 41 12. Close-up of structural remains showing tenoned base log. 41 13. Exposed corner post detail at southeast corner of cellar top tier '...... .. 42 14. Exposed corner post detail at northeast corner of cellar top tier .......................... .. 42 15. Plan view diagram of structural remains, southeast corner of cellar excavation .................... 43 16. Plan view diagram of Clerk1s Quarters showing location of cellar with respect to the feature ....... 44 17. View of the south-half of FjPi-29, looking west. .... .. 52 18. Site map of FjPi-29, Strathcona Science Park ..... 53 19. Some representative 'artifacts recovered from FjPi-29 (i terns a-1) •.•................... 56 20. Lithic raw material at FjPi-29, plotted on a triangular graph ......................... 57 21. Location of sites within the 1977 Sturgeon River survey area ................. .. ..... 59 22. FkPo-6, an important archaeological site on Lac Ste. Anne, view looking west ...........•........ 61 23. GcOm-5, an extremely large and important prehistoric site lo- cated in Cold Lake Provincial Park; view looking west .. 61 vi FIGURE PAGE 24. Projectile points from FiPp-26, Locality 2, (items a-l) 76 25. Projectile points from FiPp-26, Locality 3, (items a-p) . .. 77 26. Projectile points from FiPp-26, Locality 4, (items a-j) . 78 27. Selected artffacts from excavated sites EdPs-13, -59, (items a-g) ...................... 90 28. Site location map, EgPt, EgPs, EePt, EePs, EdPr excavations. 94 29. View to the west of EePs-25. The road track bisects the site N-S and the creek, E-W. The quadrants which were excavated are labelled ... '... '. ............... .. 98 30. View to the west of EePt-3. Excavations were conducted in the NW and SE quadrants. Cultural material in the SW quadrant was found to extend to the base of low rise in the background marked by the arrow ............•..... 98 31. Selected projectile points from 1978 excavations (items a-h). 100 32. View to the north. Two cobble buiding foundations at EgPt-ll .........•...•.......... 104 33. Map of southern Alberta showing location of excavated sites. 114 34. General view of EiPd-2, looking south. ......... 115 35. Excavation in progress, stone circle 1, EcOt-5, looking south ................... .... 115 36. Aerial view of EeOt-l, looking southeast . 116 37. General view of FaPf-2 (left of center) and FaPf-3 (adjacent to vehicle), looking southeast ..... 116 38. View of FaPf-7~ looking north. .......... 117 39. View of Three Hills Creek, showing location of EjPg-l, EjPg-6, EjPg-7, EjPg-8 ....................... 117 40. Selected artifacts, EiPd-3 (a,d,e,g,s), EcOt-5 (k), EjPg-l (h,j,m,r), EjPg-6 (b,c,f,i,l,n-q); scale: actual size ... 118 41. Selected artifacts, FaPf-7; scale: actual size (items A-L) . 119 42. Project locations, Alberta Highways South survey, 1978. 121 43. Site EcPq-l, located in the trees in the foreground, will be affected by widening of SR 940. View looking west ..... 128 44. An outwash terrace east of the Highwood River. Site EcPq-22 is located on the upper edge and will be impacted by SR 940. View looking northwest ................... 128 45. Langdon study area showing area surveyed (shaded area) and sites'located
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