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INTERNATIONAL NEUROETHICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER JANUARY 2014 Thank you for making the 2013 International IN THIS ISSUE Neuroethics Society Annual Meeting a huge success! 2 Neurogaming, Neuroscience and Ethics 3 INS Annual Meeting Panel #1 It's Complicated by Julia Haas 5 INS Annual Meeting Panel #2 A Light in the Dark by Sara Kimmich 6 INS Annual Meeting Panel #3: Roland Nadler’s Review 8 Meet a Member Karen Rommelfanger The 2013 Annual International Neuroethics Society meeting was held as a 10 Three Visions of satellite to the Society for Neuroscience meeting on November 7-8, 2013 in Diversity in Neuroethics beautiful San Diego, CA. INS meeting activities included a public program on neurogaming at the Fleet Science Center, three panel discussions led by 11 What are INS experts in the ield (topics below), a poster session featuring the latest work in Members Doing? neuroethics, working group dinners investigating speciic neuroethical concerns, and a fantastic networking reception. Thank you to our members for making the meeting such a fun, enlightening experience! 15 Calendar If you missed the meeting, you can see the recorded panels thanks to the generous contribution of Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson here. Panel discussions included: • The Science and Ethics of Moral Enhancement • States of Consciousness: Neuroethics in Impairments of Consciousness, Brain-Machine Interfacing and End of Life Decisions • Can Neuroscience Inform Us about Criminality & the Capacity for Rehabilitation? Following is a summary of the Public Program event on Neurogaming and the reactions of three INS members (Julia Haas, Sara Kimmich, and Roland Nadler) to each of the panels. HTTP://WWW.NEUROETHICSSOCIETY.ORG 1 INTERNATIONAL NEUROETHICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER NOVEMBERJANUARY 20122014 Neurogaming - What does Neuroscience and Ethics have to do with it? By Terrell Brotherton, PhD, INS President Project Manager On November 7, 2013 the Steve Hyman International Neuroethics Society and The Center for Ethics in President-Elect Science and Technology jointly hosted a Public Program on Barbara Sahakian neurogaming. This program, titled “Neurogaming: What’s Executive Committee Neuroscience and Ethics Got to do With it?” was held at the Turhan Canli Mark Frankel Reuben H. Fleet Science Center at Hank Greely Balboa Park and was well Adam Gazzaley, UCSF Julian Savulescu attended by both the public and Paul Root Wolpe INS meeting participants. The program consisted of a panel discussion deliberating the ethical and social implications of the intersection of Governing Board neuroscience and video game development. Moderated by Steven E. Hyman, the Founding President of INS and President-Elect of the Society for Verity Brown Neuroscience, the panel featured C. Shawn Green (University of Wisconsin- Nita Farahany Madison), Adam Gazzaley (UC-San Francisco), and Jonathan Blow Judy Illes (Independent game developer). Husseini Manji Helen Mayberg C. Shawn Green opened the panel with a discussion on the role neuroscience Jorge Moll research plays in informing the development and application space of video Jonathan Moreno Edward Rover games. He emphasized that video games encompass a wide spectrum of Student Representative Matt Baum gaming devices and that therefore, scientiIic analyses of the effects of gaming on cognition, arousal, motor skills, etc., should focus on the impacts of speciIic Executive Director aspects of speciIic games, not on gaming as a whole. Green then went on to discuss the importance of well-deIined studies investigating the effects of Karen Graham gaming; many studies are correlational and simply compare how gamers and kgraham@ non-gamers perform in speciIic tasks, however these studies may give biased neuroethicssociety.org results because they are measuring differences in a self-selecting population. Green emphasized the importance of well-deIined experimental parameters (encompassing a pre-test, training on a novel gaming task, post-test, and Project Manager subsequent comparison to control gaming conditions) when attempting to extrapolate the effects of speciIic games to deIined populations. He closed by Terrell Brotherton highlighting the need for scientists and gamers to collaborate and create a tbrotherton@ neurogame partnership in order to create games that are both appealing to neuroethicssociety.org gamers and that have demonstrable cognitive beneIits. In the second panel discussion, Adam Gazzaley explored the numerous applications of neurogames, focusing speciIically on how neurogames might be used for educational and therapeutic purposes. Gazzaley discussed the role www.neuroethicssociety.org action video games may have in enhancing multi-tasking ability, a skill that has been shown to decline with increased age in adulthood. Gazzaley then focused on creating a neurogaming ‘closed loop’ by utilizing available neurotechnologies (e.g. EEG) in order to monitor the effects on gaming on neuronal activity in real-time. He went on to suggest that this set-up could be used in conjunction with low-ield transcranial magnetic stimulation in order to stimulate and monitor an increase in plasticity within the brain. Gazzaley closed with a discussion of how the ability to monitor this neural feedback loop might be used to enhance education, as well as to provide novel therapies for conditions such as Alzheimer’s Disease or traumatic brain injury, all the while emphasizing the need to conduct more research into this Iield. HTTP://WWW.NEUROETHICSSOCIETY.ORG 2 INTERNATIONAL NEUROETHICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER JANUARY 2014 The inal panel discussion featured Jonathan Blow and Last month, as a recipient of the Emory Neuroethics explored the ethical issues associated with Program Neuroethics Travel Award, I had the neurogames. Blow focused on what values drive wonderful opportunity of attending the International neurogaming and how ethics informs the Neuroethics Society Annual Meeting in San Diego, development, marketing, and use of computer and California. The conference brought together leading video games. He wondered why many ‘educational’ neuroethics scholars from around the world and games were lacking in relative market appeal when focused on the themes of moral enhancement, compared to high action video games and emphasized disorders of consciousness, and the role of the need to engage the brain on many levels (arousal, neuroscience in the courtroom. (The conference was cognition, motor, etc.) in order to create a truly structured around three star-studded panels. For a full effective educational tool. Blow went on to discuss the program, please visit here. For full videos of the danger of ‘gambling’ related video games, or games in panels, please visit here.) There were also ive oral which the user is required to purchase items, as the presentations and a poster session. As part of the user becomes so immersed in the game that they do event, I exhibited a poster entitled “Revising not realize how much money they are actually Weakness of Will: A Reply to Neil Levy,” where I spending. Finally, Blow closed by exploring the challenged Levy’s use of the theory of ego depletion as emerging integration of company and brand an explanation of weakness of will and provided an marketing within video games, focusing on how future alternate, neurocomputational account. gaming technologies (e.g. personal EEGs) may enable companies to exploit gamers. As a philosopher interested in the intersection of the computational neurosciences and morality, “The A lively discussion followed the three presentations, Science and Ethics of Moral Enhancement” session with many audience members challenging the was a particularly enlightening one for me. It brought panelists on speciIic aspects of neurogaming. Among together three leading women neuroethics scholars, the top audience interests were how computer and Barbara Sahakian (as Moderator), Molly Crockett, and video games might be used for educational and Patricia Churchland, as well as neuroethicist Julian therapeutic purposes and regulation of the video Savulescu of the Oxford University Center for game industry. The panelists again emphasized the Neuroethics. It was a remarkable conversation. need for collaboration between scientists and game Throughout their discussions and even in the question developers in order to create cognition enhancing and period that followed, I was struck by how clearheaded potentially therapeutic games. The issue of regulating the panelists were about the challenges facing the the video game industry was less clear-cut, however Iield. At the same time, and despite their very different the speakers suggested there is a growing need to perspectives, they evidently shared a real optimism consider how we might monitor the emerging market about the future of this area of research. As the of neurogaming. The panel left the audience with an session moderator, neuroscientist and neuroethicist appreciation of how neuroscience can inform the Barbara Sahakian of Cambridge University set the development of video games and the need to tone by explaining that the panelists would tackle, thoroughly consider the manner in which these “the science of what’s possible now,” but also look at technologies intersect. v “what we may be able to do in the future.” INS 2013 Panel #1 A Morality Pill It's Complicated: The irst panelist, Molly Crockett, is a leading Molly Crocket and neuroscientist working at the University College Patricia Churchland London and the University of Zurich. She is also
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