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Utah State University DigitalCommons@USU All Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate Studies 5-1955 A Study of Aquatic Insects of Logan River, Utah Daood Salman Mutlag Utah State University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd Part of the Zoology Commons Recommended Citation Mutlag, Daood Salman, "A Study of Aquatic Insects of Logan River, Utah" (1955). All Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 321. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/321 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Studies at DigitalCommons@USU. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@USU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. UIAH STATE AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE This volume is the property of the college f but the liter­ ary rights of the author must be respected. Passages must not be copied or closely paraphrased without the previous written consent of the author. If the reader obtains any assistance from this volume, he must give proper credit in his own work. This thesis has been used by the following persons, whose signatures attest their acceptance of the above restric­ tions. A Library which borrows this thesis for use by its pa­ trons is expected to secure the signature of each user. NAME AI',n Al!IDnESS A STUDY OF AQUATI C INSECTS OF LOGAN RIVER. UTAH by Daood Salman Mutlag A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of lI..ASTER OF SCIENCE in Entomology UTAH STATE AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE Logan, utah 1955 UTAH STATF. AGRfCfJLTlJRA.L COLT 8GE ThlA vf)lume is the :property of t!le Col ebe. but t't:e 11 terary righ.ts of the author 1'\lust be rer;pectec.. ?asf'a.ges must n~t be copied or c:::'oaely pa.raphrased rri t!l:mt t} e 1)r~v' ous cons en t 01 tO€! p.uthor. If t:,e repder ')~t',ins 0..'1.:" ssi!.'t'lnce from this vnl t:n9, he m.ltt give proper cred1 t in his own "flork . This thesis hi1.S bea:1 usal by the f0110-.,1.1lf" persons. whose signa­ tures attest their acceptance ~f tL~ aboV''3 restrtct1on~. A llbrar.r which bOrl'o'(/S t:-. ts tr.es~s for use by i t~ p.'trons is expAC ted t') SdC'U'S t'le signa t'tre 1)£ each UG0r. ----_._-_._. _._--_._._---- •. _- .. --.---------- ::a.::le and Addre s S fate ACKNOWLEDGNENT I wish to express my appreciation to the members of the Zoology Department for the valuable aid given by them on this thesis. I am deeply indebted to Dr. J. S. Stanford and other members of my com- mittee: Dr. D. M. Hammond. Head of the Department of Zoology; Dr. W. F. Sieler, Head of the Department of Wildlife Management; Professor A. H. Holmgren. Curator Intermountain Herbarium; and Pro- feesor M. H. Gunnell, Department of Zoology. all of the Utah state --' ---r Agricultural College. Also. I am indebted to Dr. G. F. Edmunds. Jr •• and Dr. A. R. Gaufin of the University of utah for the determination of mayflies ancl stonefl1es. Daood Salman Hutlag TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Introduction • • • 1 Problem • • • 1 Review of li tera. ture 1 Technique of collection • 3 Stream survey form • • • • • 5 Preservation of insects • • • • 6 Environment 7 General features of Logan River • • 7 Elevation from source to mouth 7 Seasonal variation of flow 8 Types of rocks • 10 Dams • 10 Vegetation • 10 Fish of Logan River • 11 Amphibians of Logan River • 12 Some reptiles of Logan River 12 Birds of Logan River 12 r'iammals of Logan River 12 Invertebrates • 13 Aquatic insects of Logan River • • • • 24 Order Ephemeroptera (Mayi'lies) • • • • 24 Ephemeridae • • • • 24 Ephemerella grandis • • • • 24 !!. doddsi • • • • 24 £1. coloradensis • 25 !d. inermis 25 Hepta&eniidae • 26 Rhithrogena ~. • 26 B. morriaoni • • • 26 B· robusta 26 Hept~enla ~. • • • • 26 Epeorus (Iron) decel' ti vus • 26 TABLE OF CONTENTS (cont.) Page Lepto1)hlebHdae • • • • 27 Paraleptophleb1a pall1pes • • 27 Baetidae • • 27 Baetis bicaudatus 27 ~. tricaudatus 27 Callibaetis fuscus • • 27 Centroptilum !E. • 28 Siphlonuridae • 28 Siph10nurus occidental1s • • 28 Order Plecoptera (Nymphs of Stoneflies) • • • 28 ParUdae • • 28 Acroneur1a pacifica • • • • • • 28 Nemouridae • • • 30 Nemoura besametsa • • 30 1I. cinctipes • • • 30 Capina ligula ta • • 30 nrachyptera occidentalis 31 Per1od1da.e 31 Di c tyopte!:;yge lIa know1toni • • 31 Isoperla fulva 31 EYdroper1a paral1ela • 31 pteronarcidae • 31 Pteronare,ys californica • 31 pteronarcella badin • 33 Order Hemiptera (True Bugs) • • • J3 Corixidae • • • JJ Corixid .!!E. • • • 3J Notonectidae • 35 Notonect.."-\ !E. • 35 TABLE OF CONT.srrTS (con t. ) Page Gerridae 35 Gerris ~. 35 Order Odonata (Dragon and Damsel Fly) 35 11 bellulidae 36 Sympetrum ~. • 36 Coen~rionidae • • 36 Lestes .![e. • 36 Order Coleoptera (Beetle Larvae) 36 Elml<i.qe • • • 36 Elmls J • 36 ~. · • • Dytiscldae .. 37 H.ydrol)orus Jill.. 37 Order Trichol)tera (Caddice Fly Larvae) • 37 Hydropsychidae 38 Hydrousyche E· • 38 Brach,ycentridae • 38 Brachycentrus !!:Q. • 38 ]ThYacophilidae • 38 GloSSOSOIDa .§.p. • • • 38 Rhyacophila !:£. 39 Limnephilidae • 39 Limneuhilus §.E. • • • • • 39 Lentoceridae • 39 Leptocer-us .!ill. • 39 Leptocella ~. 39 Order Diptera (True Fly Larvae) 39 TABLE OF C01~}mTS (cont.) Page Tiuul1dae 4D Tipula (Crane Flies) 4D Eriocera .!!E. 40 Antocha ~. • 4{) BleI2haroceridae 41 BibioceI2hala ~. 41 TendiI2ididae • 41 Tanytarsus ~. 41 Chironomus .!U?. • 41 Psychodidae 41 Pericoma .!?J2. • • 41 Simul1dae • 42 Simulium .!?:2. • • • 42 Culicidae • 42 Culex !ill. • • • • • 42 ~!?2. 42 Rhagionid.ae • 43 Atherix .!r2. 43 Tabanidae 43 ChryBO"PS ~. 43 Summary • • 44 Literature cited • 46 LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1. A record of insects collected in Logan River • 14 2 • . Date of collection from different stations 19 MAPS Hap of Loean Ri ver showing stations fron which insects vlere collected 9 Map of Logan River sho"li.ng ranee of three stoneflies--Acroneuria nacifica. Pteronarcys californica. and pteronarcel1a badin • 34 INTRODUCTION Problem The field of aquatic bioloeY requires intensive Hork and investi­ gation for getting the important insects for biological studies in laboratory and for estimating the quantity needed as food for fish popu­ lation in the river. My studies ~'1.ve been qualitative (q'LUUltitntive only in a ver-J general way), rr.ry main purpose beil'1..g to discover and record what insects are present at the different stations during the months of September to June of 1953-54. in ~lich this study has been in progress. Detailed life history studies of the insects \<Jill surely folIo'" by later \'!orkers. Review of literature Dr. J. G. Needham, Professor of Entomology at Cornell University, assisted by R. O. Christenson, collected and classified insects of Logan River in the summer of 1926. Their results (in part) ''Iere published in utah Experiment Station Bulletin 201. Economic Insects in Some Streams of northern Utah. This bulletin has been very useful in my stUdies. More recent collections have been made by Dr. Edmunds at the University of utah, and by Zoology and Wildlife staff menbers and students of the utah state Agricultural College. Dr. G. F. Knowlton, Professor of Entomology at the Utah S~~te Agricultural College, and Fred Harmston, graduate student, collected adult caddice flies and stoneflies in Logan Canyon, which were part of their extensive collections of all 1r..inds of insects in utah. Dr. H. H. Ross of Illinois lTatura1 2 Survey, determined the caddice and stoneflies they collected. But these collections are incomplete and I have found it necessary to seek assistance from specialists at other institutions. Dr. G. F. Edmunds and Dr. A. R. Gaufin, Professors of Biology at the Universi ty of utah. have been most hel:pful, as already acknowledged. Classification of insects in the tmmature. active stages (larvae and nymphs) is even today in a very rudimentary stage; consequently. quite a number of these inseot larvae and nymphs are determined to genus only. The well-known aquatic insects that "'ere found are: ]1phemerlda (mayflies), Plecoptera (stoneflies), Trichontera (caddice flias), Diptera (true flies), Coleoptera (beetles). Hemintera (water boatman), and Odona ta (dragon and damsel f 11 as) • A surv~J of the literature reveals 91 species of aquatic insects collected in or near the river. In this study approxiIJately 44 genera. and 22 s:pecies were collected and classified. Seven are new records. 3 TECIDIH2UE OF COLLECTION In collecting aquatic insects three methods were used: 1. Rand screen. The screen of \nndo,"l wire screen has two hancUes. one on each side. The screen is wider than long (2 x 3 ft.) It "ms used for getting bottom samples of immature insects ~ing on the river bed, hiding beneath the rocks, or attached to boulders. The screen is dipped into the ,~ter by one collector, held against the current ,rl. th handles pushed against the bottom, \<!hile his assistant moves the rocks ,.;1 th his feet or a pick. The current s\'1eeps the insects from their hiding places and lodges them against the screen. They are then lifted and sruucen into a large. white pan, then transferred to preserving bottles. 2. Hand picking. The stones are lifted from the river bottom. set on the banks, and the insects are captured one by one from the roCks, and are transferred to preserving bottles. 3. Nets. The aerial net is used to catch the flying (adult) insects that have recently emerged from the nymph and pupal stages to the air. Some of them perch on the trees or on the "mIls of bridges; those \ole hand pick. The insects are then stored in vials or small bottles containing preservative. A strong. triangular dip net "ms also frequently used. The bottles ,,,ere taken to the laboratory for classi­ fication and storage of the numerous specimens.
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