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Urban Aboriginal Youth: an Action Plan for Change

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Urban Aboriginal Youth: an Action Plan for Change Standing Senate Committee Comité sénatorial permanent on Aboriginal Peoples des peuples autochtones Urban Aboriginal Youth: An Action Plan for Change FINAL REPORT The Honourable Thelma Chalifoux Chair The Honourable Janis G. Johnson Deputy Chair October 2003 Ce document est disponible en français. Available on the Parliamentary Internet: www.parl.gc.ca (Committee Business – Senate – Recent Reports) 37th Parliament – 2nd Session MEMBERSHIP THE STANDING SENATE COMMITTEE ON ABORIGINAL PEOPLES The Honourable Senators Liberals Conservatives Jack Austin Pat Carney, P.C. Sharon Carstairs, P.C. Janis G. Johnson (Deputy Chair) (or Robichaud, P.C.)* John Lynch-Staunton, P.C. Thelma Chalifoux (Chair) (or Kinsella)* Maria Chaput Terry Stratton Ione Christensen David Tkachuk Aurélien Gill Viola Léger Landon Pearson Nick G. Sibbeston (*Ex officio members) Clerk of the Committee Adam Thompson Analyst from the Research Branch, Library of Parliament Tonina Simeone Note: The Honourable Senators Catherine S. Callbeck, Gérald J. Comeau, Ethel M. Cochrane, Michael Forrestall, Elizabeth Hubley, Brenda M. Robertson, Gerry St-Germain, P.C., Charlie Watt and Lois Wilson also served on the Committee. ORDER OF REFERENCE Extract from the Journals of the Senate, Tuesday, 29 October 2002: The Honourable Senator Chalifoux moved, seconded by the Honourable Senator Milne: That the Standing Senate Committee on Aboriginal Peoples, pursuant to the input it has received from urban Aboriginal people and organizations, be authorized to examine and report upon issues affecting urban Aboriginal youth in Canada. In particular, the Committee shall be authorized to examine access, provision and delivery of services; policy and jurisdictional issues; employment and education; access to economic opportunities; youth participation and empowerment; and other related matters; That the papers and evidence received and taken on the subject and the work accomplished by the Standing Senate Committee on Aboriginal Peoples during the First Session of the Thirty- seventh Parliament be referred to the Committee; and That the Committee report to the Senate no later than 27 June 2003. The question being put on the motion, it was adopted. Extract from the Journals of the Senate, Thursday, 3 June 2003: The Honourable Senator Chalifoux, seconded by the Honourable Senator Rompkey, P.C. That, notwithstanding the Order of the Senate adopted on 29 October 2002, the date for the final report by the Standing Senate Committee on Aboriginal Peoples in its study of issues affecting urban Aboriginal youth be extended from 27 June 2003, to 30 October 2003. After debate, The question being put on the motion, it was adopted. Paul C. Bélisle Clerk of the Senate Extract from the Journals of the Senate, Thursday, 27 September 2001: The Honourable Senator Chalifoux moved, seconded by the Honourable Senator Christensen: THAT the Standing Senate Committee on Aboriginal Peoples, pursuant to the input it has received from urban Aboriginal people and organizations, be authorized to examine and report upon issues affecting urban Aboriginal youth in Canada. In particular, the Committee shall be authorized to examine access, provision and delivery of services; policy and jurisdictional issues; employment and education; access to economic opportunities; youth participation and empowerment; and other related matters; THAT the Committee report to the Senate no later than 28 June 2002; and THAT the Committee be authorized, notwithstanding customary practice, to table its report to the Clerk of the Senate if the Senate is not sitting, and that a report so tabled be deemed to have been tabled in the Senate. The question being put on the motion, it was adopted. Extract from the Journals of the Senate, Tuesday, 11 June 2002: The Honourable Senator Chalifoux moved, seconded by the Honourable Senator Milne: That notwithstanding the Order of the Senate adopted on 27 September 2001, the Standing Senate Committee on Aboriginal Peoples, which was authorized to examine issues affecting urban Aboriginal youth, be empowered to present its final report no later than 19 December 2002. The question being put on the motion, it was adopted. Paul C. Bélisle Clerk of the Senate TABLE OF CONTENTS ACTION PLAN FOR CHANGE: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY..................................... iii LIST OF RECOMMENDED ACTIONS BY PART ..................................................... vi PART I: INTRODUCTION.............................................................................. 1 REFRAMING THE CURRENT DIALOGUE.............................................................................................. 3 THE COMMITTEE’S APPROACH ............................................................................................................ 4 REPORT OUTLINE .................................................................................................................................. 4 OTHER RELEVANT INQUIRIES ............................................................................................................. 4 DEFINING “URBAN” AND “YOUTH” .................................................................................................. 5 CONCLUSION .......................................................................................................................................... 7 PART II: SETTING THE CONTEXT ............................................................... 8 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................................... 8 THE GENERAL PICTURE ....................................................................................................................... 8 WHERE DO ABORIGINAL PEOPLES LIVE?.......................................................................................... 9 WHO ARE ABORIGINAL PEOPLES?...................................................................................................... 12 SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS ................................................................................................ 12 CONCLUSION .......................................................................................................................................... 15 PART III: THE CONTEMPORARY JURISDICTIONAL FRAMEWORK ..................................................................... 16 THE CURRENT AMBIGUITY................................................................................................................... 16 FEDERAL/PROVINCIAL ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES................................................................... 18 EMERGING TRENDS............................................................................................................................... 19 THE PORTABILITY OF RIGHTS.............................................................................................................. 20 GETTING BEYOND JURISDICTION: THE ISSUE OF POST-SECONDARY EDUCATION................... 24 RECASTING THE CURRENT APPROACH TO POST-SECONDARY EDUCATION ................................ 24 REFORM OF THE POST-SECONDARY STUDENT SUPPORT PROGRAM.............................................. 27 i PART IV: PROGRAMS AND SERVICES............................................................ 32 KEY PRINCIPLES FOR EFFECTIVE SERVICE DELIVERY .................................................................... 32 1.1 Support for Community-based Urban Aboriginal Initiatives........................................................... 32 1.2 Involve Youth in Decision-making Processes .................................................................................... 33 1.3 Foster Community and Youth Capacity Building .............................................................................. 34 1.4 Funding Certainty and Flexibility .......................................................................................................... 35 1.5 Coordinated and Holistic Approach..................................................................................................... 37 1.6 Aboriginal Service Delivery.................................................................................................................... 38 1.7 Culturally Appropriate Programming and Status Blind Service Delivery....................................... 39 1.8 Suggestions for Mainstream Service Providers ................................................................................... 40 1.9 Conclusion: Key Principles for Effective Service Delivery ........................................................................... 43 SERVICE DELIVERY REFORM: THE IMPORTANCE OF PARTNERSHIPS........................................... 44 BUILDING ON SUCCESS: THE URBAN MULTIPURPOSE ABORIGINAL YOUTH INITIATIVE ..................................................... 47 PART V: THE NEEDS OF YOUTH ................................................................. 50 A MULTITUDE OF PRESSURE POINTS.................................................................................................. 50 THE NEEDS OF YOUTH......................................................................................................................... 51 1.1 Urban Aboriginal Youth Centres .......................................................................................................... 51 1.2 Urban Transition Programs ................................................................................................................... 56 1.3 Sport,
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