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RWANDA 2014 Superclassée RWANDA, 2014 BIBLIOGRAPHIE François Lagarde The University of Texas at Austin 10 février 2015 TABLE DES MATIÈRES Introduction 4 1 Recherche 6 1.1 Bibliographie 6 1.2 Méthodes 6 1.3 Thèses de doctorat; mémoires de maîtrise 7 2. Histoire; Témoignage 12 2.1 Histoire 12 2.2 1990-1994; génocide 13 2.3 France/Rwanda 17 2.4 Témoignages; mémoires 18 2.5 Témoignages: critique 19 3. Politique 21 3.1 Politique 21 3.2 Ethnicité 24 3.3 Mémoire 25 3.4 Réconciliation 26 4. Économie 28 4.1 Démographie 28 4.2 Questions foncières 28 4.3 Ressources naturelles 29 4.4 Agriculture; floriculture; sylviculture; élevage 31 4.5 Caféiculture 34 4.6 Economie; finance 35 4.7 Tourisme 38 5. Société 39 5.1 Société 39 5.2 Femmes; genre 40 5.3 Enfants; adolescents 41 5.4 Éducation 42 5.5 Langues 44 2 5.6 Médias 44 5.7 Églises; religion 45 6. Santé Publique 46 6.1 Administration; économie 46 6.2 Enseignement 49 6.3 VIH/HIV 50 6.4 Médecine: spécialités 52 6.5 Santé mentale 56 7. Relations Régionales et Internationales 59 7.1 Réfugiés; émigrés 59 7.2 East African Community (EAC) 60 7.3 Relations régionales 60 7.4 Relations internationales; aide 62 7.5 Nations Unies 63 8. Droit 64 8.1 Rwanda: Justice; Gacaca 64 8.2 Droit international; TPIR/ICTR 66 8.3 Gender-based violence; droit du viol 68 9. Arts et Lettres 70 9.1 Roman; conte; théâtre; poésie 70 9.2 Littérature juvénile 71 9.3 Critique littéraire 71 9.4 Film 72 9.5 Critique cinématographique 72 9.6 Beaux arts; photographie; bande dessinée 72 9.7 Architecture 73 10. Sciences naturelles 74 10.1 Sciences de la terre; sciences de la vie 74 10.2 Primatologie 75 3 Introduction Comme les précédentes1, cette bibliographie recense les articles et les livres portant en tout ou en partie sur le Rwanda et publiés en 2014. La table des matières reprend celle de Rwanda 2013 mais est aussi en partie modifiée. Les dix chapitres restent les mêmes, mais des sections nouvelles apparaissent: France-Rwanda, EAC, Ressources naturelles… Sont regroupés les thèses de doctorat (et quelques mémoires de maîtrise), les travaux d’histoire et les témoignages, les études portant sur la vie politique, l’économie (dont agriculture), la société (dont éducation), les relations régionales et internationales, la santé publique, le droit ainsi que les arts et les lettres. Les sous-sections Société et Politique peuvent paraître être des fourre-tout… La longue section sur la Santé publique (on s’est efforcé de distinguer entre institutions et sciences médicales) et celle sur les Sciences naturelles sont d’un amateur… Il est impossible d’établir aujourd’hui une bibliographie complète et sans erreur sur un sujet aussi large que celui du Rwanda, même en se limitant à une année. La publication d’un même article s’étage aujourd’hui dans le temps: il naît le plus souvent sous une forme virtuelle (Internet), avant de passer en quelques mois, parfois en se transformant, à l’édition papier. De plus, on publie sur le Rwanda dans de nombreuses langues, même si l’écrasante majorité des publications est anglophone, et aucune bibliographie ne saurait recenser tous les écrits publiés en kinyarwanda, et aussi bien en japonais, en allemand, en néerlandais, en polonais, ou en russe… Les principaux outils de recherche bibliographique et de data mining sont anglophones et le résultat est criant: plus des trois quarts des entrées de cette bibliographie sont en anglais. Les instruments francophones (Cairn, Persée, Erudit, Calenda, Isidore, Revues.org) sont de faible puissance par rapport aux nombreuses bases de données américaines. Un autre problème tient à la séparation traditionnelle qu’on établit toujours entre les publications dites scientifiques et les articles de journaux. La présente bibliographie ne recense pas les articles sur le Rwanda parus dans les grands quotidiens, du Monde ou de La Libre Belgique au New York Times et au Globe and Mail… C’est un problème, car on peut apprendre beaucoup dans les articles de fond des grands journaux mais ils sont trop nombreux pour être tous listés. Pour ne citer que quelques sujets, les publications recensées ici ne parlent pratiquement jamais de la police, des grands procès, des PME, des transports, des loisirs, des sports, du divorces ou des enterrements au Rwanda en 2014, alors que les quotidiens et les hebdomadaires le font. Sans doute est-ce le concept même de bibliographie “savante” qui est tout entier à revoir. Les publications scientifiques étudient les sujets “classiques” rwandais: la femme rwandaise (et les violences qui pèsent sur elle), la santé publique, l’éducation, le plurilinguisme, le développement économique, le TPIR et les gacaca, le traumatisme du génocide et la réconciliation, l’agriculture et la question foncière, la question dite ethnique… 1 Cf. Rwanda: Bibliographie 1990-2011; Rwanda: Bibliographie 2012; Rwanda: Bibliographie 2013, Université Paris 1, Institute of Economic and Social Development Studies, Programme Grands Lacs. https://www.univ- paris1.fr/ufr/iedes/recherche-et-valorisation/programmes-grands-lacs/rwanda-bibliographies-par-francois- lagarde-the-university-of-texas-at-austin-usa/ 4 L’abondance des articles portant sur les questions de santé, physique ou mentale, est exemplaire d’un esprit de la recherche ès Rwanda: dans tous les domaines, des problèmes sont identifiés et des solutions sont avancées. Il s’agit toujours pour les Rwandais de progresser vers plus de développement économique, politique ou humain. Les auteurs se penchent sur le génocide et l’après-génocide (les traumatismes durent encore) mais pratiquement pas sur l’histoire qui précède 1990, comme si la grande recherche historique et sociologique à laquelle Vansina, Newbury (2), Vidal, Des Forges, Reyntjens, Lemarchand, De Lame et consorts nous avaient habitués se taisait aujourd’hui devant le chorus des idéologues et des polémistes qui occupent tout le terrain médiatique. L’occasion du vingtième “anniversaire” du génocide a fait monter au front les pourfendeurs patentés de la France-du-génocide et autres défenseurs de Son Excellence, et en moindre nombre les opposants au régime de Kigali, tout cela aux dépens assez nets des travaux universitaires, sauf exception. Il est toujours difficile aujourd’hui de parler du Rwanda historique ou politique sans a priori ou sans parti pris. L’affirmationnisme et l’accusationnisme ont plus produit, en 2014, que la recherche savante (une seule thèse de doctorat en France, sauf erreur). Nous espérons nous tromper, et nous sommes loin d’avoir pu tout lire, mais il se pourrait que, paradoxalement, l’année du vingtième anniversaire ne soit pas un grand cru en matière de travaux scientifiques. Les principes bibliographiques suivis restent ceux des éditions précédentes: nous ne listons pas les rééditions ou les versions Kindle; nous mentionnons les DOI uniquement si la publication est restée virtuelle et n’est pas paginée. Nous nous limitons aux publications francophones et anglophones, à de rares exceptions près, faute de parler d’autres langues. Nous incluons les publications internet de qualité douteuse, parce que de bons travaux doivent malgré tout se retrouver parmi elles. On ne résiste pas à l’envie de citer cette couverture qui montre que certains “éditeurs” ne se soucient guère de publier correctement les travaux qu’ils commercialisent au prix fort: Les omissions et les erreurs dans l’identification des entrées et dans leur classement ne manqueront malheureusement pas; on est invité à les signaler à l’adresse suivante: [email protected] Nous espérons que cette compilation, qui demande beaucoup plus que de copier-coller des citations dans les bases de donnée, ne sera pas inutile. 5 1 Recherche 1.1 Bibliographie Africa Bibliography, 2013, November 2014, pp. xviii-xix; doi: 10.1017/ S0266673114000026 Barringer, T. A., “Bibliography”, African Affairs, 113-451, 2014, pp. 334-346. Barringer, T. A., “Bibliography”, African Affairs, 113-452, 2014, pp. 481-484. Barringer, T. A., “Bibliography”, African Affairs, 113-453, 2014, pp. 626-629. Barringer, T. A., “A select list of articles on Africa appearing in non–Africanist (April- June 2014)”, African Affairs, 113-450, 2014, pp. 159-171. Barringer, T. A., “A select list of articles on Africa appearing in non–Africanist periodicals (October-December 2013)”, African Affairs, 113-451, 2014, pp. 334-346. Barringer, T. A., “A select list of articles on Africa appearing In non Africanist periodicals (January-March 2014)”, African Affairs 113-452, 2014, pp. 485-495. Barringer, T. A., A select list of articles on Africa appearing in non–Africanist periodicals (July-September 2013)”, African Affairs, 113-453, 2014, pp. 630-639. Hall, David (ed), International African Bibliography: East Africa, 44-1/2 (june 2014), pp. 1-102; 44-3/4 (december 2014), pp. 103-327. Lagarde, François, Rwanda, 2013: Bibliographie, The University of Texas at Austin, 2014, 72 p. https://www.univ-paris1.fr/fileadmin/IEDES/Actualites/Rwanda_2013_Bbibliographie_Sat_Jan_18.pdf 1.2 Méthodes Finnström, Sverker, “Disillusion, Embodiment and Violent Reconciliations: Engaged Anthropology on Rwanda, El Salvador, and Peru”, PoLAR: Political and Legal Anthropology Review, 37-2, 2014, pp. 371-375. Giblin, John Daniel, “Toward a politicised interpretation ethic in African archaeology”, Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa, 49-2, pp. 148-165. Kubai, Anne, “Conducting fieldwork in Rwanda: Listening to silence and processing experiences of genocide”, in Maček, Ivana (ed), Engaging violence: trauma, memory and representation, Hove, UK; New York: Routledge, 2014, pp. 111-126. Mottier, Damien, “ L’œuvre en double de Luc de Heusch ”, Gradhiva, 20, 2014, pp. 218- 240. Sundberg, Molly, “Ethnographic challenges encountered in Rwanda's social topography: The researcher as navigator”, in Lavigne-Delville, Philippe (ed), Fieldwork in Development and Emergency Settings: Confluence and Renewed Reflexivity, 6 Montpellier: APAD Editions, 2014, pp.
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