3174 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. MARcH22,

The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Objection being made to the The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Senator from Alabama 1·equest of the Senator from Montana [Mr. CARTER], the unfin­ moves that the Senate do now adjourn. ished business is before the Senate. Mr. FORAKER. Ca.n that motion be made while the roll is Mr. SULLIVAN. I ask unanimous consent for the present being called? consideration of the bill (S. 1996) revoking and annulling the sub­ The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The announcement ha.a not yet division of Pencote Heights, in the DistTict of Columbia. been made. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Is there objection to th~ pres­ Mr. PETTUS. I ask that the result of the roll call be announced. ent consideration of the bill named by the Senator from Missis­ The roll call having been completed, it appeared that the fol­ sippi? lowing Senators had answered to their names: Mr. MORGAJ..~. Mr. President, I want the regular order. I Allison, Cockrell, Heitfeld, Sewell, insist on the regular order. Bo.con, Culberson, Lodge, Shoup, Bard, Cullom, McBride. Simon, The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Does the Senator object tothis Bate, Davis, Mccomas, Stewart, bill? Berry, Deboe, Morgan, Sullivan, Mr. MORGAN. Of cow·se I do. I insist on the regular order. Beveridg~. Depew, Perkins, Talia.ferro, The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The regular order is the un­ Burrows, Fairbanks, Pettus, Tillman, Butler, Foraker, Platt, N. Y. •rnrJey, finished business. Carter, Frye, Pritchard, Wetmore, Clark, Wyo.· Hanna, Qnarles, Wolcott. GOVERNMENT FOR PUERTO RICO, Clay, Hawley, N.oss, The Senate, as in Committee of the Whole, resumed the consid­ The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Forty-three Senators have an­ eration of the bill (H. R. 8245) temporarily to provide revenues swered to their names on the roll call; not a. quorum. for the 1·elief of the island of Puerto Rico, and for other purposes. Mr. SULL.IVAN. I move that the Senate adjourn. Mr. MORGAN. I now wish to inquire of the Chair what is The motion was agreed to; and (at 3 o'clock and 55 minutes before the Senate? p. m.) the Senate adjourned -.;intil to-morrow, Friday, :March 23, The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The unfinished business is the 1900, at 12 o'clock m. bill reported by the junior Senator from Ohio (Mr. FORAKER], known as the Puerto Rican bill. NOMINATIONS. Mr. MORGAN. Is any amendment pending to that bill? The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Chair is informed that Executive nominations ·received by the Senate March 22, 1900. there is an amendment, which will be stated to the Senate. CONSUL, Mr. MORGAN. What amendment is pending? Joseph F. Monaghan, of Rhode Island, to be consul of the The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The amendment will be stated. U~ted States at Chemnitz, Germany, vice Janws C. Monaghan, The SECRETARY. On page 19, section 30, line 23, after the word resigned. "alrn," it is proposed to insert" as to railroad, telegraph, and tele­ APPOINTMENTS IN THE VOLUNTEER ARMY, phone franchises." The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The question is 'on agreeing F01-tieth InfantMJ. to the amendment which has been stated. First Sergt. Lochlin W. Caffey, Company B, Fortieth Infantry, Mr. PETT US. I hope that amendment will not be adopted. to be second lientenant, March 20, 1900, vice Fitzpatrick, promoted. These franchises, Mr. President, are very important matters. The First Sergt. William Winston, jr., Company L, Fortieth In­ bill started out with a limit to them; and the right to grant them fantry, to be second lieutenant, March 20; 1900, vice Le Crone, is given to the executive council; it is not given to the legislative resigned. body under this bill. I have proposed an amendment that it shall be given to the legislative body. This amendment excepts only CONFIRMATIONS. one or two of the important matters and leaves the others at the discretion of the council. Executive nominations confirmed by the Senate March 22, 1900. Mr. MORGAN. That amendment had better be passed over. COLLECTORS OF CUSTOMS. ·Mr. FORAKER. I think in a word I can give such an explana­ George F. Bartlett, of Massachusetts, to be collector of customs tion as that the Senate may pass upon it now as well as at any for the district of New Bedford, in the State of Massachusetts. other time. Obed G. Smith, of Massachusetts, to be collector of customs for It is true, as the SenatorfromAlabama [Mr.PETTUS] says, that, the district of Nantucket, in the State of Massachusetts. according to the provision of this section, the authority to grant James Brady, of Massachusetts, to be collector of customs for franchises is given to the executive council and not to the legisla­ the district of Fall River, in the State of Massachusetts. tive body. The reason for that is that the executive council will POSTMASTER. be constantly in session, day by day, the year through, from the beginning to the end, while the legislative assembly is not allowed, be postmaster at St. Petersburg, in the county .by the provisions of this bill, to be in session more than sixty days State of Florida, in any one year. The franchises authorized to be granted are, of course, all kinds of franchises; there is no limitation-franchises for electric light­ OUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. ing in municipalities, franchises for gas lighting, and every other kind of minor as well as important franchises. THURSDAY, March 22, 1900. The provision as it originally was put in the bill was that no franchises should be granted except only by the executive ·council ouse met at 12 o'clock m. Prayer by the Chaplain, Rev. on the approval of the governor, and also subject to the approval . CoUDEi'l, D. D. of the President of the United States. The amendment is to alter ournal of yesterday's proceedings was read and approvecl. that in this way, that only railroad, telegraph, and telephone fran­ SECOND-CLASS MAIL MATTER. chises shall be subject, in addition to the approval of the governor, T e SPEAKER. "The special order will come up now, and the to the approval of the President of the United States., the idea be­ Chair understands the gentleman from Tennessee [Mr. Mo o~] is ing that as to those minor franchises, it was hardly worth while first to be recognized. At this point it is proper for the Chair to to bother the President of the United States with the duty of pass­ state that each side has consumed an equal amount of time. ing upon them, but that they might be disposed of by the execu­ Mr. MOON. I understand that to be the fact, Mr. Speaker, and tive council, subject to the approval of the governor. I understand the gentleman from California desires that all his I think the provision is reasonable and that the amendment time be taken up in closing the debate by the gentleman from ought to prevail. Massachusetts. . The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The question is on the amend­ Mr. LOUD. 'I1his side will occupy the balance of their time in ment. one speech. Mr. PETTUS. I will ask for the yeas and nays on the amend­ Mr. MOON. Then I understand we proceed to take half of the ment. I think all these franchises ought to be granted by the time, and you consume the balance in one argument? legislative body. Mr. LOUD. That is correct. Mr. SULLIVAN. I suggest the absence of a quorum, Mr. Mr. MOON. Mr. Speaker, it is my intention to speak but a President. short time. Indeed, I had not intended to speak until an hour . The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The absence of a quorum be­ ago. Gentlemen upon this side desire to further participate in mg_ suggested, the Secretary will call the roll. the discussion, but owing to the absence of my friend from Illinois . '1.'he Secretary proceeded to call the roll. I will proceed in the time that I had promised to him. I shall Mr. CULBERSON (when Mr. CHILTON~s name was called). I refer to a few features of the bill. desire to say that my colleague [Mr. CHILTONl is absent on ac- When thelawwasenacted-thelawnowsought to be amended­ count of illness. · it was done clearly with a purpose. That purpose was not solely Mr. PETTUS. If in order, I move that the Senate adjourn. t.o raise revenue for the Government upon every class of postal f900. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 3I7a matter. The Congres1 of the United State~ sought the establish­ present system, if continued, the deficiency will be totally wiped ment of a correct postal system, and in the same connection the out in 1902, as shown by the Postmaster-General's report. welfare and interest, and particularly the educational interest, of Another view of this proposition. Suppose that we enacted that the people. Congress was called upon to establish the different provision into law: and what is the result? Thisseoond-classmat­ classe3 of mail matter-necessarily called upon arbitrarily to dis­ ter will necessarily fall by operation of law into the third class. criminate with a view to the purposes to be accomplished. They Assume that it will be placed on the same basis' of Scents; the con­ established or classified mail matter as first, second, third, and tract price between this Government and the transportation com· fourth class matter. They provided by law that al1 matter that panies is soon to be renewed. On the best information to be ob­ went through the Post-Office Department, carried for the benefit tained from the reports of the Department, from hearing!! before of the Government and the people, should be divided into these the committee, the transportation companies to-day are receiving four classes. It was thought wise, looking to the public interests, twice or three times the cost of actual transportation. Now, raise that writtep. matter, letters and matter of that character should be this matter to 8 cents, and what is, the result? It is then imma­ classified as first-class matter; that unbound books, magazines, terial with the transportation companies whether any contract be periodicals, etc., should be classified in the second class, bound renewed upon this line of postal matter with the Government, be­ books in the third class, and general merchandise should go to the cause at once the publishers of these documents will seek the fourth class. means of transportation cheaper than that which can be afforded It would seem proper, abstractly speaking, that each one of these by the Government of the United States. classes should bear the proportionate rate of the burden, but Con­ The transportation companies will fall to 7 cents a pound when gress had in view another purpose. It desired to disseminate the Government is demanding 8 cents; they will carry the goods know ledge and information among the people as to public matters. with the same expedition they do now, and the whole second-class It desfred to give some benefit to the literary and scientific insti­ matter will fall under the arbitrary control and dictation of the tutions of the country. This could not be done if the burden was transportation companies. The Government will practically go placed equally upon all; therefore they made an arbitrary discrim­ out of the control of the second-class matter. Then, instead of ination as to postage in favor of second-class matter. It was de­ the Government being enabled to make a contract that will force termined that no deficiency would finally exist in the operation the transportation companies down to 3 cents, the companies un­ of the postal system if first-class matter was carried at 32 cents der the existing law will ask nothing from this Government, but ~er pound, second-class matter at 1 cent per pound, third-class the publishers themselves will contract directly with the trans· matter at 8 cents, and fourth-class matter e.t 16 cents per pound. portation companies, and the people will lose the difference be­ It will be observed that the discrimination is very marked be­ tween the amount that the companies ought to be forced to carry tween the second class and other classes of matter. The first-class this matter for and the amount they will arbitrarily fix._ matter pays four times the cost of carriage under the present con­ The Government under this arrangement and rate would lose tract, the thh-d-class matter pays the cost of carriage, and the the carriage of second-class matter, and the people would lose the fourth-class matter pays twice the cost of carriage; while the excess over the 1-cent rate which the transportation companies second-class matter, which includes the newspapers and unbound would charge, which would amount to many millions of dollars volumes of books and reprints, were to be carried at 1 cent per under this item alone, That is all I desire to say upon that view ponnd, or at a loss of 7 cents a pound. That is under the present of the case. contract and previous contract arrangements with the transporta­ Now, this bill is one in which we can have no special feeling. tion companies. As a matt.er of fact, the transportation companies We havo no desire in any way to offer a word that would be in­ could carry it at a rate less than one-half of the present contract. imical to the suggestion that this Government, if possible, ought The reason for discrimination in behalf of second-class matter to place the Post-Office Department upon a self-supporting basis. is very ·apparent. The calculation of a profit was not made upon· In my humble judgment it can not be done by this bill. this matter. There was no intent or purpose on the part of the Ther& are features of the bill which I do not opposet and to Congress t-0 make a profit on this matter, which affords the means which I will refer later, because I think they are wholesome. But of education to the people upon all great public questions and when we look at the fact of the enormous cost of carrying these furnishes light to the rising generation; it was not intended to mails, the amount paid for the handling of them, the excessive interfere with this means of education to the people. The1·efore number of employees in the Department, the prices paic4 the es­ it was placed at this low rate in order that publications might go tablishment of new systems for the transportation of the mails in ont at a low cost to the people, the Government wisely assuming large cities, we shall find ample room to cut down expenditures that in the education of the people upon these great issues more and wipe out the deficit. benefit would come to the Government of the United States than In this connection I may ask gentlemen on this floor, why the if the matter were treated purely as one of revenue. The dis­ necessity of urging this bill? Have they forgotten that two years crimination was made in the interest of education, and I do not ago on this floor, after mature consideration, this bill met a defeat, care whether there is a loss of 7 cents or 4 cents, the Government and that following that defeat this House came to the solemn con· is amply repaid in making this concession to the educational in­ clusion that no intelligent action could be taken upon this ques­ terests of this country. This much, Mr. Speaker, on the subject tion by the passage of a bill relating merely to a single class of of the purpose and object of the Government of the.United States matter, but that the whole postal system needed investigation? in the matter of this discrimination. '. Have they forgotten that a. commission was appointed for that It was also viewed from a financial standpoint. It was assumec4 purpose? Where is that commission? What have they done? and correctly assumed, that if this low rate of postage were given Why have they failed to report to this House? They have heard to second-class matter, although the bulk of all the ~il trans­ the proof. Their statistician has made some of the figures and portation might be along this line (the great proportion of it), the given them to the public. Why not make their report to this increase of revenue to be directly derived from first-class matter, House, that we may intelligently act on this question, instead of which pays four times the cost of carriage, would in part com­ attempting to rush through this bill defeated in the last Congress? pensate for the loss on the second-class matter; and so as.lio the A MEMBER. Have you seen that report? fourth-class matter, and the third-class matter, which carries the Mr. MOON. Mr. Speaker, I have not seen that report, nor is it bound books on the same educational idea~ - possible for me to get a copy of it. But I have seen, and I have So we see from the beginning the purpose of the Government in in my possession, an article prepared by a gentleman whom I un­ establishing the Post-Office Department, not as a mere source of derstand to be the statistician of that commission-an article revenue. but !'l source of instruction and education of the people which goes into the question of the transportation or handling of of the United States. I believe that from a financial standpoint these mails under the proof adduced before that commission; and tb.e purpose of the Congress of the United States in establishing as a net result he shows that by reducing the cost of transporta­ these discriminating figures was wise; because it has occurred tion-and I shall not take time to read the figures-to a legitimate since the enactment of this law that notwithstanding the de­ figure, which will still give a fair profit to the transportation com· ficiency of sixteen millions six years ago, that deficiency in the panies, there would be an increase in the revenues of SS,825,000, operation of law, under the increased carriage of the first and and there would now be a profit to the Federal Treasm·y upon the fourth class matte1., has nearly made good all the loss that has oc· whole postal system of more than $2,000,000. cuned on the second-class matter, and to-day the deficiency is only Regardless of that proposition-reverting again to the original a little over four millions as against twelve millions two years policy and theory of the law-it is clear that if the deficiency has ago. So there has been no evil effect resulting from this view of gradually, by the increase of business in respect to first-class and the case, considering the postal system as a whole. fourth-class matter, beenreducedfrom$16,000,000in four years to It is insisted here that this deficiency would be wipad out if we $4,000,000, the statement of the Postmaster-General that in 1902 it change the policy upon this question. Concede, as a matter of will be wiped out underthepresentlaw is evidently correct. We argument, that that would be true; then I present the proposition can not, we must nott for the paltry savingt if any there be, wipe to this House t"hat the policy pursued by the Government in the out the advantages given by existing law to second-class matter. interest of the €\ '\ucation of the people is worth more to the people We can not afford to reverse the policy of this Government from of the United States than the possible increase of $2,000,000 on the beginning upon this great question. We can not afford, by second-class matt~, when ~t is already apparent that under the the consideration of a paltry measure of this character, to divert 3176 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. MARCH 22, .

the attention of Congress and the people from tho extravagances struing this law, permits to go under it certain classes of publica­ and excesses and the partiality shown to private individuals deal­ tions which they say the law by express terms excludes. ing with the Government in the postal s·ystem. Now I come to that part of the bill upon which I do not seriously Now, Mr. S eaker, there is another proposition going to this differ with gentlemen on the other side. If a publication is made bill that I desire to discuss for a few moments. It was announced for the purpose of advertisLng, if it adds nothing to the sum of on this floor that the bill in its present shape would not exclude human knowledge and intelligence, then the policy fore3badowed the ptlblications of colleges, universities, scientific associations, by this act on the part of the Government is subverted by that historical associations, literary associations, and State bulletins. sort of a construction. I do not believe that particular class of The gentleman from Michigan, the gentleman from Ohio, the matter should be given this privilege. I refer to purely advertis­ gentleman from Maine, the gentleman from Georgia-in fact, ing sheets and circulars which are distributed at a nominal cost. nearly every gentleman who has spoken on the opposite side of That was not the policy of the law. The debate in this House this question--asserted to this House that those publications upon that question does but little credit to the administration of would not be excluded. I watched with a good deal of interest the Post-Office Department. It is said that we will reenact it the effort to draw from the chairman of this committee the ad­ because they have construed that under the provisions of this law mission that such would be the fact. this noxious literature can be, and will te, admitted in the mails. If I understood him correctly, he has not so admitted to this If that is the construction, what (if you will pardon the expres­ moment; yet these gentlemen, by reason of a construction which sion) is the sense in reenacting the law with identically the same they assume to place on the bill, have perhaps satisfied themselves. language which you say has been misconstrued, and upon which Let us see. I say that under this bill they are excluded. Why? you say the Post-Office Department is mistaken? It will give it Let us look at the bill a moment. The fourth section provides- no more force and effect to repeat the language and to reenact it. That all periodical publications regularly issued from a known place of You can not give courage to a Postmsster-General who has not publication at stated intervals as frequently as four times a year, by or under the manhood and firmness to enforce a law by merely reenacting the auspices of benevolent or fraternal societies, trade unions, or orders or­ the same law. ganized under the lodge system, and having a bona fide member&hip of not We suggest to you that if the Department has been derelict in less than 1,000 persons, shall be entitled to the privilege of second-class mail matter: Provided, That such matter shall be originated and published to its duty, this section, instead of being reenacted in terms, should further the objects and purposes of such society or order. contain some provision of legislative construction upon the sub­ j~ct. We do not favor the passage through the mails of this par­ So far as the section proceeds it is a literal copy of the act of ticular class of literature, but we do insist that because vou desire 1894. Let us look at that act and see how much further it pro­ to eradicate this system, you desire to break down this· construc­ ceeded. Following the very l_anguage I have just read, it con- tion by the Department, that you shall not at the same time de­ tinues: ·• stroy the policy of the Government upon this great and vital And that publications of strictly professional, literary, historical, or scien­ issue; and it is no compliment to our inteUigence for us to say to tific societies, including the bulletins issued by State boards of health, shall ~hat Departme~t, "You have misconstrued the law," and to say be admitted to the mails as second-class matter. 1t only m the silent terms of a reenactment. Let the provision What was the purpose? If they proposed to reenact the law­ be amended so as to call the attention of the Department to the if they proposed to include the publications of historical, scientific, intent of the legislative body upon this question. and literary associations, of colleges anq universities-why did '!'here is another feature upon which I do not wholly differ with they halt when they came to the provision that permitted litera­ the majority of the committee. That is the return of sample cop­ ture of insurance associations under a lodge system to pass ies of newspapers. Fairness in this contention would impel me through the mails as second-class matter? to admit that the original policy of the law did not centemplate a The evident purpose was to permit the continuation of the law construction of that sort. Its language may do so. I have no to the extent copied in the fourth section and to deny to the other contention with the Postmaster-General on that question. Iseri­ matter, the literary matter of the country, the privileges of sec­ ously doubt if our view is correct. He may be right. Whether ond class. The inclusion of the one, by a correct interpretation, right or wrong, let us give the direction that we intend. Those is a necessary exclusion of the other. sample copies ought not to come back at the exact rate at which But if gentlemen differ, and I have heard some gentlemen ex­ they went out. There ought to be some increase of postage along press a difference on that rule of construction, then there can be that line, because they are not accomplishing in their return the no doubt when we come to the seventh section of this bill. It pro­ purpose of the original issuance. vides that the act of Congress in regard to second-class mail mat­ On yesterday my friend from Texas [Mr. BURKE] proposed to ter, approved July 15, 1894, the very act which I have read, and yield time to me (when I had time to spare) to explain to this all parts of acts ,inconsistent with the provisions of this act, be, House any objections that I might have to that provision of the and the same are hereby, repealed. bill that permitted a newspaper to stand upon its original basis There stands a part of the act inconsistent with the other part under the act of 1894, except that · it should be permitted to send of the act. Here comes a bill reenacting in part the provisions out sample copies in excess of 50 per cent of its circulation and in of the law, and by construction removing the balance of the pro­ excess of 500. My objection to that provision in this bill is be­ vision, therefore repealing the law by implication at least. But cause it retards, without any corresponding benefit to the public, that is not all. Listen to the language. The act of Congress in this most beneficent means of public instruction. That is one regard to second-class mail matter, approved July 15, 1894, is objection. The other objection arises from the fact that the cen­ repealed. There is a direct repeal of this provision of the law. sorship practically established over the newspapers in the original The act is repealed by implication and it is repealed by direct act, of which no serious complaint has been made, is enlarged by language and designation. There can be no doubt left upon this the sixth section of this act, which practically requires every question. newspaper in the United States to establish a po!:t-office in its own Now, there is no money made out of this class of matter. It is department and prepare the mails to be transmitted in a certain purely literary. It is intended for the education of th.a people. way. Its purpose is for the enlightenment of the citizenship of this That is a small matter, but if we have the employees of the land. Why exclude it; why deny the plain interpretation of this Government, whose business it is under the present law to perform law? this duty, why attempt to shift that duty to the editor and pub­ For what reason do you discriminate in this way? Why is it lisher of the newspaper? The purpose can be but one. It is to that you are willing that associations of a large order-insurance enable the ~ittle postmasters throughout the country to determine companies (because they fall under that general description when under the provisions of this act whether it has been complied with . they operate as a lodge ) ~shall have the benefit of this rate, when or not, and if, in the judgment of a postmaster, the pl'Ovisionsuf your historical associations, your literary associations, your scien­ this act have not been legally and technically complied with, to tific associations, every other instrumentality that goes to the edu­ give that postmaster the power to exclude the publication from cation of the people of thia country, are excluded by the express the mails. That is all there can be in that, and I say to the gentle­ provisions of the bill? I take it that the intelligence of this House man from Texas that I know that his intentions are for the best, will demand that before the bill is passed it be amended in this but that that is a very serious censorship which he disregards. particular, as it ought to be. Take for illustration the ordinary partisan postmaster, whether There is another feature of this bill. The act of 1894, providing he be a Democrat or a Republican, and let a great contest come the conditions upon which mail matter may be rated as second on in which the party lines are drawn close and party heat is high, class is literally incorporated word for word in this bill. Now, and the newspaper containing an argument, a speech, a.n editorial, what is the reason or purpose of that? Unless a law has become or an article strongly denunciatory of the policy of his party, one obsolete-and certainly the acts of 1894 are not obsolete-you can intended to affect injuriously the political organization to which not give any more effect to it by its mere reenactment than it he may belong, and right under that provision giving him the originally had. This section is surplusage. I care nothing about power to determine these matters, he can say whether that matter it, whether it goes in or goes out. It may be a wholesome section; has been properly mailed. In accordance with his judgment, but it is insisted by gentlemen that the reason for its incorpora­ whether it be in accordance with the law or not, he can delay it; tion grows out of the fact that the Postmaster-General, in con- he can forward it; he can suppress it; and where is the remedy? 1900. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 3177

There is no appeal. If there was, it would be unavailing, because ness, to seek the carriage of mails upon the very best terms they the time in which the matter might be operative has passed. I can get it. If we deprive the people of the benefits and give it insist that we shall not place upon the press of this country any to them, it is not their fault. It is our dereliction of our solemn· of those means by which its power and effect may be destroyed. duties. [Loud applause.] You will find them demanding this It appears to be but a small matter, and yet it may be used to the enactment. Why are they demanding it? Because it will give to great detriment of the public interest. them a monopoly of the carrying trade of second-class matter. Mr. PIERCE of Tennessee. Will the gentleman allow me to That is the whole issue; that is the beginning and end of the con­ ask him a question? troversy. Sifted to its last analysis, and it is the welfare and in­ Mr. MOON. Yes. terest of the Government and people of this great Republic against Mr. PIERCE of Tennessee. Do I understand that under the the greed of this corporate power. [Loud applause on the Demo­ construction you put upon this section there is absolutely no cratic side.] appeal? Mr. MOODY of Massachusetts. The gentleman from Alabama. Mr. MOON. It provides for no appeal. It gives to the post­ is not here. I would like to ask the gentleman-- master the power in this, that it requires certain things to be done Mr. LOUD. I would like to a.gk the gentleman from Tennes3ee before the matter gets into the mails. The postmaster, in the en­ if he has gotten through? · forcement of the law and regulations, must and will examine :Mr. MOON . . Have I any more time, Mr. Speaker? whether the Jaw in that particular has been complied with. The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. CLARKE of New Hampshire). Mr. BURKE of Texas. The present law requires the same thing. The gentleman has ten minutes more. Mr. .MOON. No; I think not in the same language. Mr. MOON. Does the gentleman from South Carolina desire Mr. BURKE of Texas. I ask the gentleman to read the present anv time? law and to point out the difference. The provisions are the same Mr. TALBERT. I do . . in h::ec verba. Mr. MOON. I yield five minutes to the gentleman from South. Mr. MOON. The present law, as I understand it, does not re­ Carolina, and will yield the remaining five minutes to the gentle­ quire any such thing. It is not before me now and I can not reacl man from New York. - it. It is wrong, in all events. Mr. TALBERT. Mr. Speaker, in behalf of the constituency I Mr. BURKE of Texas. Read it and see. represent I shall cast my vote against the enactment of this meai:;­ Mr. MOON. Now, Mr. Speaker, I desire to refer to one action. nre, it being, in my judgment, against their 1nterests; and, Mr. I have incidentally mentioned it before. Speaker, there seems to be in this House a perfect mania for new. It is stated by gentlemen upon this floor that an amendment legislation, any charaoter of legislation that is new, while we will be offered to this bill which clears it of all objections-an already have more legislation than we have any use for. There amendment proposed by the gentleman from Missouri [Mr. CLARK]. is the equal desire and mania, it seems, to change existing laws; You will observe that this committee has made no such amend­ when the existing laws possibly are much better than they would ment. It has been stated that that committee would accept the be if they were amended as gentlemen seek to have them amended. amendment. I believe it is true that a majority of the committee Why pass this kind of law? Who has asked for it? Nobody bas would do so, but there has been and could have been no formal asked for it, but I hold in my hand a number of petitions against action on the part of this committee on this amendment, because it from my people. the amendment was suggested after the bill was under debate. Now, I have listened carefully to the discussion of this question That amendment is that the total circulation of a newspaper, since it was first opened the day before yesterday, and I have heard up to 100 per cent, and in no event to exceed 2,000, may be sent no plausible rea!;on given by the proponents and advocates of this out as sample copies. I do not object seriously to the 2,000 limit, measure why it should pa£s. The distinguished gentleman from but when the 2,000 limit is coupled with the other provision that Georgia [Mr. GRIGGS] in his eloquent address yesterday stated, in the sample copies shall be limited to 100 per cent of the circula­ answer to questions from several gentlemen upon this floor, that tion of the paper-that is, 100 per cent of the bona .fide circulation this bill made no change whatever in existing law. Then, if it of the paper-then I do object, because there are hundreds of news­ makes nQ change, why is it that they want this law enacted if they papers in this country that have only a circulation of from five do not change any of the laws as they exist to-day? hundred to a thousand, and yet occasions arise of great public in­ Why pass a law that is entirely unnecessary? Why pass a terest when these very newspapers will desire to place before the law. that nobody has asked for, when thousands have protested country very much in excess of 100 per cent. against it? I think an occasion would hardly arise where they would want Now, the gentleman from Iowa [Mr. McPHERSON] was asked to put out more than 2,000, and I might favor an amendment lim­ how he proposed to operate this measure, and he said in both iting them to 2,000 sample copies; but I doubt very seriously that ways. ldo not know what he meant by that and perhaps he nor we ought to attempt to interfere in any way with the provisions anybody else does. He says it does not affect the county news­ of the existing law, from the simple fact that the results of so paper. It seems to me that that was rather an anomalous condi­ doing would not be especially beneficial. I would not depart from tion, an anomalous position, for a man to get up here and stand the policy of the Government upon this question for the insignifi­ up and defend theenactment of a measure if it effected no change cant benefits that may arise from it. whatever, and had a kind of double back action, like Mr. OTEY's When this whole question, Mr. Speaker, is summed up; when dog. this whole controversy is brought down to its narrowest limits­ Why, Mr. Speaker, I maintain that whenever there is no neces­ and I would not impute any improper motive to anyone-we find sity for new legislation it ought not to be had, and when there arrayed upon one side of this issue, from one end of this Republic exists no necessity for changing the law as it is, we had better re­ to the other, the young, the middle-aged, the old, with the great solve it on the side of the doubt. When legislation is doubtful, institutions of learning, scientific organizations, universities, and we had better let it remain as it is. For this reason alone I shall colleges demanding the policy of culture, refinement, and educa­ vote against the Loud bill as it is presented here. tion and insisting that the Congress of the United States shall not Mr. GRIGGS. My friend certainly misunderstood me if he depart from the well-founded principles upon which it has inau­ understood me to say that the Loud bill made no change in the law gurated this system. 'rhey demand that you shall not, as their as it stands at present. I said that to the paragraph I read of the representatives, on all occasions look to a question of mere reve­ old law it made no change. nue. There is more for this people than money. The education Mr. TALBERT. I do not want to do the gentleman any in­ of the people and the means of information which they are enti­ justice, and accept his version as correct. Yet at the same time tled to is worth more than the few millions that can be saved by I can see no sense, no necessity whatever, in passing a bill which destl'Oying it. [Applause.J the advocates of it admit in a manner works no change, and I ad­ You find aligned in opposition to this bill every sentiment of mit I could not keep up with the gentleman in his perambula­ justice and right; you find there all who believe that government tions. [Laughter.] · is not inaugurated for taxation, but inaugurated for the benefit Now, a great deal has been said about the country press, the of mankind. [Renewed applause.] You find, Mr. Speaker, country editors-the editors of the county papers. Men have throughout the length and breadth of this land all who believe boldly stood up here and almost abused those country editors. that we have come upon those times when it is necessary that Mr. Speaker, I imagine when these gentlemen go back into their every man, woman, and child shall know the doings of this Gov­ districts that they will be upon their knees begging these very ernment and the policies it proposes to pursue, demanding the country editors to say something nice during the campaign, al­ enlargement of the means of information. rRenewed applause.] though they can talk very big about them here on the floor of the Even ''eternal vigilance" will not preserve liberty without intel­ House. They are the poorest-paid public servants (for they are ligence and education. Would you destroy the beneficent means public servants) in any calling in life; ana if this bill should pass, that will bring about this result? they will be deprived of a great many privileges they now enjoy. And what, pray tell me, do we find upon the other side? Tile Theil' patent backs will be a thing of the past. ·transportation companies. And in making this statement I do it I say, Mr. Speaker, that they are the most heavily burdened set without any prejudice or feeling toward the transportation com­ of men that we have in our country; they are expected to boom panies of this country. They have the right, as a matter of busi- everybody and advertise everybody's goods with very little pay,

. 3178 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE, MARCH 22, and, Mr. Speaker, if this measure should be enacted into law these Mr. RAY of New York. Mr. Speaker, in behalf of the propo­ country editors will be amongst the largest sufferers of any people sition contained in this amendment, I desire to say that I have had upon whom the burdens of this law will fall. Its burdens will appeals from all over the country, especially from my own dis­ inevitably fall upon those who are least able to bear it. It is a trict and adjoining districts, and from the chancellor of the Uni­ measure in the interest of the strong and rich against the poor versity of the State of New York, asking the adoption of such an and the weak. It will work hardships upon the schools and col­ amendment. We all know that this bill as it now stands will leges of our country. It is really a measure which ought to be cut off these papers and publications entirely, and I desire to con­ termed, "A bi11 to aid and encourage the railroads and express com­ tinue them to the extent of 2,000 copies of each issue and with the panies of our country and to oppress and discourage the great same privileges they now have under existing law. We know mass of the people." [Applause.] that our colleges, schools, and universities and the students them­ The SPEAKER pro tempore. The gentleman's time has ex- selves of tnese institutions publish from time to time and send out pired. little school Stal service of this country is one of which the people He says himself that if yon pass this bill the price of those books have a right to be proud. The mails are carried expeditiously; will go up over 100 per cent, putting it out of the power of the they are carried with accuracy and honesty. farmers' boys and girls throughout the country to buy this cheap The Department in Washington and throughout the country is literature. Lupton sold David Copperfield at 3 cents, delivered well organized. The employees are active and faithful. Every at every town in the Union; he sold the works of Thackeray, resource devised by American ingenuity is successfully employed. Bulwer, and others at 4 cents apiece. These a.re the rates that The service to the people far exceeds that of any foreign country will be wiped out by passing this bill. and is constantly being extended and improved. But there is one :Mr. Speaker, the city of New York pays net every year to the stain on the postal service, and that is the great loss which occurs Postal Department $5,000,000. By the passage of this bill you yearly in its administration. I think few members of the House take work from her printers, her stitchers, bookbinders, stereo­ realize how great that loss is. It is worth our while to ascertain typers, papermakers, and thousands of others employed in the it with all the accuracy which circumstances admit. production of books. You are killing the hen that lays the golden I have in my hand tables which show the annual deficiencies egg. What do you gain? Nothing. It is actually going to be a during the last ten fiscal years. I will merely state the result and loss to the United States instead of yielding revenue. The :figures not weary members by reading the tables, which I shall place in show that under this second-class mail privilege the deficit is be­ the RECORD. Here is a statement of the receipts, expenditures, ing lessened each year, and as years go on, taking the average of and deficits of the Department for the last ten fiscal years as shown the last five years, in 1903 the Postal Department will be estab­ by the records of the Post-Office Department, lished upon a. paying basis. I have the figures here, and I will print them in my revised speech in the RECORD, Fiscal year. Receipts. Expenditures. Deficit. Now, Mr. Speaker, this morning I received a circular by mail. I presume, according to what I have heard, that the man ought to 1890. --·------·-·. ------$60, 882, 097. 92 $66,259,M7.84 ~ 13i7,449, 92 be horsewhipped for daring to send a circular to a member of 1891 •. ···-----·--- --·--· -·--· ------·· 65, 931, 785. 72 73, 059, 619. 49 7, 127, 733. 77 Congress. I know that under the orders of the Post-Office Depart­ 1892 .••••• --··------·--·-----·------· iO, 930, 475. 98 76, 980, 8!6.16 6, 050, 370.18 ment to-day no letter carrier, no clerk in a post-office, no railway 1893. ------·------·-- ---·-- - • -·-·- 75, 896, lm.16 81, 581, 681. 33 5, 684, 748.17 postal clerk is allowed to come to Washington, even during his 189!. ---·-· - --·-- ·--- ·--·------·-· 75, 080, 479. 04 8!, 99!, ill. 62 / 9, 913, 632. 58 1895. --• ·-· ------·------·------·-·-· 76, 983, 128.19 87, 179, 551. 28 10, 196,423.09 vacation, and talk to his member of Congress concerning his rate 1896. --·------···· ··--- -··-· ·------· 82,499,~.40 90, 932, 669. 50 8, (33, 46110 of pay. At one time, as I have been assured, they were forbidden 1897. --··------.• ------· -----· 82, 665, 462. 73 9i, ffl7' 2!2. 38 11, 411, 779. 65 1898 •••.• --·--· ---··------89, 012, 618. 55 98, 038, ~. 61 9, 020, 905. 00 to write to a Representative concerning such a matter. An order 95, 021, 38-!.17 101, 632, 160. 92 6, 610, 776. 75 issued from the Post-Office Department has forbidden it; and gen­ 1899. ·-··-· ·-···- ·---·---··------· tlemen on the floor are intimating that men whose interests are Total. ______--·-----·--·----·. 774, 903, 573. SG 854:, 730,854:.13 'i9, 827,280. 27 endangered have no right to appear in the corridors of the House and have no right to forward circulars. The deficit is more than 79,000,000, according to the imperfect The SPEAKER pro tempore. The time of the gentleman has methods of bookkeeping which prevails; but this by"no means expired. tells the whole story. There are many expenditures really charge­ Mr. CUMMINGS. I will piint the circular in the RECORD. It able to the postal service which are incurred by and charged to shows that hogs are carried at 5 cents a pound by railroads, while the Ti·easury Department. In order to obtain the real loss we post-office matter is rated at 15 cents per pound. [Laughter.] must include them. The cost of freight for literature is three times as much as that First, there is to be noted the railway mail payments to the for hogs. bond-aided Pacific railroads. The Post-Office Department has The SPEAKER pro tempore. The gentleman from Massachu­ not been called upon to pay to these railroads the amount earned setts [Mr. MOODY]. by them for transporting the mails, because those amounts have Mr. MOODY. of Massachusetts. Mr. Speaker, I yield five min­ been credited by the Treasury Department upon their debt to the ut.es to the gentleman from New York [Mr. RAY]. Government. Clearly these amounts should be accounted for as Mr. RAY of New York. Mr. Speaker, I submit for informa­ an expense of the postal service. I attach a statement showing. tion a proposed amendment which I desire to have read at the these payments during the last ten fiscal years. All told they Clerk's desk. amount to more than 13,000,000. The Clerk read as follows: Page 2, line 2, after the word "periodicals," insert the following: ~~ :::::::::::::::::::::: :::::::::::::::::::::~ :::::::::::::::: :::::: 't:~:~U'l "4nd.P1·ovided further, That all university, college, and school papers and publications. except those of so-called business and commercial schools and 1892 --·-·· ------··---···· --·- ·--··----··· ·------·--- --···· ----·- 1,808, 15109 C?lleges, whether published and circulated or procured to be published and 1893 --·-·------· ------··--. -·--···----···· --··--·----- ·---···-·--- 1, 627, 422.11 circulated by the authorities of such university, college, or school, or by the i~ :::::: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :::=: t:~:;:: ~ students thereof, or by any class, organization, society, or fraternity com· 1896 . --·-· ..•• ______•..• _•...•...•.•.•.•.. ______. __ ..••... ______• .•• 1, 558, 89i:I. ro posed of students of such university, college,_ or school, shall continue to be 1 received and sent through the mails as secona-class matter, in the same man­ i~ ' ~Foo:~ ner and with all the privileges heretofore accorded by law as it existed prior :::::: :::::::::: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :::: to the passage of this act and the same as though this act had not been 1899 --···-·--· - -···-·-···------··· ---·--. ··-- ·-··------···------·- 596, 941. 97 passed: And also provided, That the circulation of such publications through the mails at said rates shall not exceed 2,000 copies of any one issue." Tota.I ---··· ••..•• ---··· ••.••••..•.••..••••.•• ·-----·-·· ---·--· 13.591,C-07. 08 1900. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. !-1179 -...... : Second, the salaries, contingent expenses, printing, and binding of mail is transmitted by the Government at a uniform rate of .. of the Post-Office Department, together with the salaries of the cent a pound. No other country has a corresponding classifica­ office of the Auditor for the Post-Office Department, which, though tion; and not many years ago England, having in mind Uie e.xpe­ a branch of the Treasury Department, is concerned entirely with rience furnished by this cotmtry, declined to establish such a the postal service, amount, with approximate accuracy, during the classification. The postal monopoly of the Government which last ten fiscal years to sixteen and a half millions of dollars. extends to first-class matter is extended over neither second, third, I annex a table showing-these expenditures in detail. nor fourth class matter. Appropriations on account of postal sentice oui of the Geneml Treasury, excep t If I desire to send a letter I must send it in the mails or employ • for Pacific railroads. a private messenger for the single occasion. The Government can afford to take my letter to Alaska for 2 cents, although the Year. For what appropriated. Amount. cost of transmission is perhaps as many dollars, because it compels me to use the mails for the transmission of a letter which I send within my own State or city. But if I wish to send matter of the lB!lO. b -··------·· Post-Office Department, salaries, etc..•••... $840, 830. 00 second class I may lawfully do so by mail, by express, by freight, Auditor's Office, salaries.------·-_----·---­ 502,000.00 or by any other method of transportation. Printing and binding------·------·--. 269,000.00 Deficiencies ----_--·------_ 19,110. 72 The result of this is that the Government gets the long and un­ 1891 ...• ·------··--· Same objects ______----·------1, 644, 724:. 00 profitable haul of second-class matter while other agencies get the l &ri . ... ____ ------_____ do. __ ..••••• ·------·------·------.--··. l, 680, 670. 00 short and profitable haul. We do not begin to carry.second-class V93 ....•• ------. ---.do _--· .• ---·-· --••...••...•••...••....• ---· 1, 690, 580. 00 189-l: ....•••••••••••• _____ do_ .•...• -----·---·--·---··------.••• ------1, 693, 911. 00 matter in great quantities until we reach the distance where it 1895 .... ----·------.do . --··. ------....•••...••••••• -·-···. ----- 1, 693, 151. 00 can be profitably carried by no other agency. Under these condi­ 1896 .• ---- -····----- • ___ .do _•.•.•••••..•...... •.•••...••.....•.•. 1, 644, 000. 00 tions we should expect a loss and we find it to an enormous 18!n' .. .•.•••••••••••••••. do _---- •••.•••••.••••....••...•••••.•••.... 1, 64-5, 070. 00 1898 .•.•••••••••••••••••. do _••.•••••..•••.•..•••...•••••••••..••.... 1, 648, 8!0. 00 amount. The gentleman from California [Mr. LOUD] stated gen­ 1899 •••••••••••••••••.••. do-···-·············-·····-···--··--·-····· 1,662,539.00 erally the other day that it was $45,000,000 a year. Taking the direct and indirect loss, I do not think that he has overstated it. Total .•••.••• --··--...... ------·-· -·----··-··· - ••••• 16, 634, 605. 72 As far as the statistics avail me, I shall try to demonstrate to the Honse what the loss incurred in the transmission of second-class Third. The Post-Office Department uses as post-offices through­ matter is. out the country, in common with other branches of the public Mr. SNODGRASS. Does the gentleman think it is right to service, many and expensive buildings, erected, repaired, heated, separate the second-class matter from the balance of the business lighted, and otherwise maintained by the Treasury Department. _of the Department, and charge to it the whole deficit ofS45,000,000? Considerable in excess of $100,000,000 have been expended in the Mr. MOODY of Massachusetts. I shall cover the matter in construction of these buildings, and annually a large amount is what I am about to say, and I hope that until I complete the expended for their repair, care, and maintenance. statement I am about to make I shall not be interrupted. When These buildings are occupied by the Post-Office Department free that is concluded I will consent to any interruption. of rent. It would be impossible to reckon the annual charge There have been some recent weighings in the Post-Office De­ which should be made against the postal service on this account. partment, which showed clearly enough what the proportion of I do not attempt to do so, and for the reason that I am willing to the various classes of mail matt& is. 1t is shown very clearly accept the estimate which was made several years ago by Post­ that about 56 per cent in weight of the mail now being trans­ master-General Wanamaker, that by this loan to the Department mitted through the country is second-class matter. free of rent buildings throughout the country the Government The postal commission was very much troubled by the absence pays its postage upon the enormous amounts of free Government . of accurate statistics with regard to the quantity of mail. There matter which is transmitted in the mails. had been a weighing for seven days in the year 1890, and all sta­ Thus, by adding to the apparent deficit these sums we have a tistics were based upon the results of that weighing. It seemed to loss in the last ten years of $110,053,493.05. These figures can not the commission that it was desirable that more accurate statistics be erased, denied, or disputed. It is difficult to realize them. should be obtained, and the result was that the mail was weighed Why, Mr. Speaker, with that amount of money we might have at every point of origin for thirty-five days in the months of Octo­ constructed the canal across the isthmus; with that amount of ber and November last. money we might have built a fleet of battleships which, if they For the information of the House I will place in the RECORD had been in existence, would have avoided the war with Spain. the results of the recent weighing, the estimate made thereon for These figures impose upon every individual member of this the full year, and the percentage of the whole which each class of House a responsibility he can not escape. mail matter shows. Mr. GROSVENOR. Allow me to ask the gentleman whether Weight of 1'1.ail carTied in current fiscal year according to recent weighing. it is not true that one hundred and seventy-odd thousand dollars annually goes as an extra subsidy for the expedition of certain mails between here and the Southern coast, over and above the Pounds. Per cent. ordinary mail pay of railroad lines? Mr. MOODY of Massachusetts. Alas, yes; $177,000. The gen­ First class .....•.....• ---·------···- 94:, 888,3!1 12. 42 tleman well knows how strongly I opposed that measure; and I Second class .... •...•. ·------···------·------· 89!,417,505 51. 62 shall continue to oppose it. Second class, free .... ____ ------·----·····------··· 32, 750, 550 4.28 Third and fourth class ------..... ----- 145,874,518 19.1 Mr. GROSVENOR. I do know it. But w.ould it not be as well Government free·------•••.•• ------· 96, 132, 692 12.58 to save from this aggregation of losses somewhat at least in that direction? Total •••. --- ..•• --·· ----•• ------•••• ·------·-----·-- 76i, 063, 606 100 l\Ir. MOODY of Massachusetts. Mr. Speaker, the gentleman from Ohio [Mr. GROSVENOR] is quite right. But $177,000 a year The Government accepts for transportation that enormona would not very much diminish in ten years the loss I have stated. amount of second-class mail. It hires certain agencies to trans­ The evil which the gentleman has pointed out requires a remedy. port it throughout the country. During the last fiscal year it The evil which this bill is intended to meet is not the only evil in paid in cash to the railroads, steamboats, cable and electric cars, the postal service. Each of them in turn requires the attention and the star-route contractors for transportation of the mails the and intelligent actioi;i of Congress, because the postal deficit is sum of $43,078,259.81. This is what is actually paid to the agen· largely the fault of Congress. cies which I have enumerated, and does not include mail-messenger I sincerely hope that this measure may not be the only one con­ service, wagon transportation, or pay of railway mail clerks. cerning the administration of the postal service which will receive Although we undertake the transmission of second-class matter our attention, but tcrday we are considering the evils which are at a cent a pound, while other matter pays largely in excess of claimed to exist in that part of the mail which is called second­ that rate, yet when we come to pay for transportation we pay by class matter and the loss which it is claimed the country sustains the pound and uniformly for all classes of matter. A ton of news­ in that respect. I think I shall prove that the enormous deficit papers or books costs us for transportation as much as a ton of which I have shown by no means represents the loss in the trans­ letters. If, therefore, the second-class matter were entirely elim­ mission of second-class matter. If the postage upon that matter inated from the transportation problem, the amount paid on that equaled the cost of its transmission, the alarming deficit would be account would be correspondingly diminished. . converted into a splendid surplus, which, in its turn, might be Therefore it clearly follows that 56 per cent of the payments on extinguished by improvements in the service and reductions upon account of ti·ansportation (as 56 per cent may be assumed safely other classes of mail in which the whole people and not a small for last as well as this year) are fairly chargeable to the transpor­ part of them are interested. tation of second-class matter. So the first start we make upon Mailable matter of the second class embraces all newspapers second-class matter is to pay out more than $24,000,000 a year for and other .periodical publications which are issued at stated inter­ its transportation, or, to bee.fact, $24,123,825.51. I am not speak­ vals as frequently as four times a year, provided they conform to ing npw about anything else that we do. We pay that out to the ce1·tain conditions not necessary for me now to state. This class railroads, the steamboats, the star routes, and the electric cars; 3180 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. · MARCH 22, and we receive in postage from that class of matter $3,500,000. Mr. CUMMINGS. Will the gentleman yield for a question? To be exact, we received last year $3,527,032.26. Mr. MOODY of Massachusetts. Yes. Now, those are facts. There is no escape from them; there is Mr. CUMMINGS. If he-had to pick up old iron and copper to no doubt about them. We lose merely by what we pay for trans­ buy the book, he would not care much about 1-cent postage. portation over $20,500,000 every year, based upon last year's expe­ Mr. MOODY of Massachusetts. Well, if he saved a cent in his rience. As this class of matter mcreases our loss will increase. letter postage, he would not care very much about the additional Mr. OTEY. Will the gentleman please tell us what class of cent on the price of his book. citizens or business people in this country the present law as it Now, who bears the expense; who bears this loss of upward of stands is hurting? $40,000,000 a year? It is borne in the first plaoe by the taxpayer, Mr. MOODY of Massachusetts. I will try to tell that; that is and I will say to the gentleman from Virginia rMr. OTEY] that what I am-going to do in the next forty-five minutes; but, as the the taxpayer is the first man who is injured. Ilis share of the gentleman will see, I can not afford to be diverted from the line burden is represented by the appropriations which are made an­ of my rema.rks. I want to be courteous. I wish to make myself nually for the losses of the Post-Office Department. clear upon that question. I shall try to show that the trans­ It is borne, secondly, by those who employ the mails for other portation of second-class matter upon the terms and conditions of classes of mail. Let us see what a burden that is upon the peo­ the existing law is injuring the whole public except those who are ple. Your second-class matter, good, bad, or indifferent, pays a plundering the Treasury for their own self-interest and have been cent a pound. Your third-class matter pays nominally 8 cents doing so for the last twenty years. a pound; but in reality, because it is not a bulk rate, sorµething Mr. OTEY. At the same time will you please tell me this­ over14 cents a pound. Your fourth-class matter pays nominally Mr. MOODY of Masi:1achusetts. If the gentleman really asks 16 cents a pound; but in reality, because there is no bulk rate, it anything for information, I should be glad to yield. pays 17 cents a pound. And your first-class matter, the matter Mr. OTEY. I am asking for information. Nobody has in which all the people are interested-not merely a few publish· answered that question or explained it at all, and you are about ers of bogus newspapers or of cheap books, but the whole people, the last speaker who is going to speak. I have waited to get the every one of them who can read or write and who receives or information from somebody. Will you please tell, when you tell sends a letter-pays, nominally, 32 cents a pound, but really 85 the other, what business interest in this country will be specially cents and a fraction a pound, because 40 or 50 let~'IS go to make benefited by the passage of this law? up the pound according to the experience of the Department. Mr. MOODY of Massachusetts. I will do the best I can to an­ In other words, the sender of third-class mail pays fourteen swer the gentleman's question. In the first place, there is the times as much per pound, the sender of fourth-class mail pays matter of dollars and cents. We have lost at the very"first step seventeen times as much per pound, and the sender of first-class over $20,000,000 by our payment for transportation. Gentlemen mail pays eighty-five times as much per pound as the sender of will say and gentlemen on the floor have said," You pay too much second-class matter. These are the men who are injured the most to the railroads for transportation." When we reach that ques­ by this great injustice in the classification. These are the men tion we will decide it. whose backs bend to the burden. These are the men who prevent But suppose the railroads were good enough to transport our the Department from exhibiting a loss which would scandalize second-class -matter for nothing. Suppose we could persuade the country. them or compel them to take that matter and carry it without a These are the men who are paying the great subsidy for the cent of payment. Let us see how the account would then stand benefit of the few. These are the men who are paying to the upon secqnd-class matter. The total expenditures of the Post­ Government the great profit which conceals from the country Office Department last year were $101,632, 160. These are the fig­ the actual loss incurred upon second-class matter. If these facts. ures under the deceptive method of bookkeeping I have described, could be exposed and understood from one end of the country to and are really under the mark. I have accounted for the trans­ the other as they really exist there would be such a cry raised portation charges. The balance of the expenses of the Depart­ from every city and village and hamlet in favor of this measure ment are $58,553,901. that not a vote could be found against ft. How much of those expenses are fairly attributable to the sec­ I have tried to make clear the evils which this bill is intended to ond-class matter? Not 56 per cent, I think. Second-class matter palliate. It does not propose to abolish the second-class rate. The does not require an expenditure in quite the proportion of its country long ago deliberately determined to enter upon the policy weight outside of the payments for transportation. You can of transmitting to the people newspapers and periodical publica­ handle a ton of second-class matter more cheaply than you can tions at a cheap and losing rate. Speaking broadly, they are the handle a ton of letters, because it is divided into a less number of history of current transactions and the comment of tne time upon units. them. It was determined, and wisely determined, that in a coun­ But second-class matter, piece by piece, costs the Oovernment, try where the people ruled it was desirable that they should have irrespective of what is.paid for transportation, at least as much the fullest information at the cheapest possible price, and that a as first-class matter. It travels farther; it is handled oftener; it free and widely extended press was so much a necessity to a free is more trouble to the railway mail clerk; it is more trouble to the people that it deserved encouragement at the hands of the Gov- post-office clerk; in every way it is more expensive. This is the ernment. · universal testimony of the employees. No one proposes ·to take one step backward in that policy. Thia Let us see if we can find out how many pieces of second-class bill certainly does no such thing. Preserving the policy intended, matter were transported in the last fiscal year. We have esti­ it proposes to remedy merely the abuses which have grown up mates made again and again, based upon actual observation, and under it. To use the language of the current report of the they show that the number of pieces of second-class matter is Postmaster-General, the bill proposes "to bring back the law to one-third of the tot.al number of pieces that are transmitted in its original and just scope." It is not expected under the provi­ the mails. Then, irrespective of payments for transportation, it sions of the bill that the loss in second-class matter will be extin­ costs the Government a third of $58,553,901, or S19,517,967, for guished. It will be diminished only. It will be diminished by so the handling of second-class matter, and that sum, added to the much as can be effected by driving from the second-class rate loss incurred by transportation, is the loss incurred in the trans­ those publications which were never originally intended to come mission of second-class mail matter, or $40,114,760 annually, within it. • based on the experience of last year, without taking into account Npw, I noticed even yesterday that gentlemen complained that tbese expenses which do not appear in the bookkeeping of the they did not understand the bill. I do not know that I can aid Department. any gentleman if he does not yet understand it; but I have ana­ Now, what does that mean? Suppose we could save the whole lyzed it with great care, and I will try to state to the House as well of that loss. It would mean rural free delivery all over the coun­ as I can exactly what the bill contains. It is a great deal more try. It would mean a reclassification of salaries. It would mean simple than it seems to be. Nine-tenths of the bill simply reen­ post-offices for the shelter of postal business, constructed and acts existing law. owned by the Government. It would mean in the end 1-cent let­ There are six changes of the Jaw proposed in this bill, and six ter postage. You never can take the first step to any one of these changes only. They include both important and unimportant great reforms unless you begin by rooting out this grievous abuse. changes, and I will state them and discuss such part of them as Why, the gentleman from New York [Mr. CumnNGS] has pic­ seems to me proper. tured with his. usual force and eloquence the evils to the Republic First. The withdrawal of unbound books or reprints of books which would follow by increasing the price of cheap literature. from the privilege of second-class matter. It is possible that this bill might increase it; it is possible that Second. The curtailment of the sample-copy privilege. that set of Dickens might sell for a cent more per volume under Thil'd. The prohibition of the privilege of return of unsold pub­ the provisions of this bill; but let me say to the gentleman from lications by news agents at second-class rates. New York .that the very boy who bought that volume would, if Fourth. The repeal of so much of the act of 1894 as admits to the he had 1-cent letter postage, save on the single letter that he wrote second class the publications of incorporated institutions of learn­ to get the book all that he.lost by the provisions of this law. ing and of strictly professional, historical, or scientific societies, 1900. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 3181

including bulletins issued by the State boards of health, unless paper. I say this provision is a just one, and ought to save the they conform to the conditions required of newspapers and maga­ bill. There ought not to be a man on the floor opposed to it. zines. Now, then, let me come to the sample-copy privilege. Here is Fifth. The exclusion from the second-class rate of fractional where the newspaper press of the land is injured, if it is injured parts of a newspaper. at all. Are they injured here? I say no. I say that the provi­ Sixth. The requirement of sorting contained in section 6. sion is not an injury, but a benefit to the newspapers of the land, That is all there is in the bill. Most of those changes are unim­ whether they are metropolitan or country newspapers. I have portant, and I shall delay the House very little in the considera­ had my share of protests coming from the publishers of newspa­ tion of them. pers. The first time that this bill was before the House, in the The sorting of second-cla.ss matter prescribed in section 6 is very Fifty-fourth Congress, I had this stereotyped protest from every unimportant. The matter is left in the discretion of the Post­ newspaper in my district. master-General. It ought to be amended so as to apply only to But I believed that I was not sent here to shake and shiver like publications having a circulation of over 5,000 copies. It doubt­ a dry leaf in the November gale whenever a protest came from · less will be so amended. home, but to exercise my intelligence and to vote for measures In any event the Postmaster-General would never direct the according as my best judgment told me that they would benefit sorting of the mail matter into State, county, city, or town sacks or injure my people. [Applause.] I voted for the bill, and by no except in the case of very large publications, whose publishers single publisher to whom I explained my vote and the reasons for already do what this section requires. F'or instance, the YoutB.'s it was fault found. Companion has done so for many years. · My experience with this bill has always been that the publisher The prohibition of sending at the pound rate fractional parts of of a country newspaper who at first opposes this bill when it is a publication is of little importance, and I shall spend no time explained to him does just what that publisher who sent a letter upon it. to my friend from Maine the other day did. He not only does not Upon the partial repeal of the act of 1894 I desire to say a few further oppose it, but, on the other hand, becomes its enthusiastic words, because I think that is the part of the bill which arouses supporter, because he knows that it is in his own true and best themostopposition,atleast upon this side of the Chamber. Under interests. that act the publications of all societies organized under the lodge I would risk taking this biUbefore a jury of countrynewspaper system, all regularly incorporated institutions of learning, all editors and confidently expect to get a unanimous verdict in its trades unions, and all professional, literary, historical, or scien­ favor from them. Now, what privileges for the newspapers does tific societies, including the bulletins of State boards of health, the bill retain? They can be sent at a cent a pound all over the were admitted to the mails as second-class matter, even though land; they can be sent to every letter-carrier office for delivery at they had no subscribers and were designed primarily for adver­ that same price, except to the letter-carrier office of the place of • tising purposes, although both these conditions applied to all other publication, and even that exception does not exist in the case of second-class matter. weekly papers. The change of law proposed by the bill is to exclude from the The Government takes and carries the newspaper from the special privileges of thjs act the publications of incorporated in­ publisher to the reader at a ruinous rate and finds no fault about stitutions of learning and of professional, literary, historical, or it, and proposes to continue to do it. It not only does that, but scientific societies, including the bulletins of the State boards of in the county of publication it carries over 32,000,000 pounds a health, leaving them to go in the mails under the restrictions year without charging a cent. It takes over 32,000,000 pounds which are imposed upon second-class matter generally. every year, transports it, handles it, delivers it, and pays the rail­ The distinction between the publications referred to in the act road for transporting it, and charges the newspaper man nothing. of 1894, whose privileges are continued and those whose privileges 1\-fr. HEATWOLE. Will the gentleman allow me an interrup­ are repealed, is clear. The publications of lodges, fraternal socie­ tion? ties, and trades unions are sent to persons who, in effect, are sub­ Mr. MOODY of Massachusetts. Certainly. scribers through the payment of annual dues, while no such con­ Mr. HEATWOLE. Does this bill interfere with the free county sideration arises in the case of the publications whose privileges circulation? are repealed by the bill. It may be that some modification should Mr. MOODY of Massachusetts. This £ill does not interfere be made in favor of institutions of learning. with the free county circulation. It leaves it exactly as it is. The bill is not aimed at the genuine college; it is aimed at the Why, Mr. Speaker, no man is bold enough to take away any of fraudulent college; it is aimed at the use of the mails for purely the privileges of the American press. No man desires ta do it. advertising purposes. It is difficult under the law of 1894 to sepa­ Those gentlemen sitting above the Speaker's chair, and those whom · rate the wheat from the chaff, the good from the bad; and I trust they represent, wield more power than we who sit below it. They there will be some amendment agreed upon to that provision of carry along parties to victory or defeat. They make and unmake the bill which will be satisfactory both to the gentleman from statesmen. They mold and create public opinion. Why, to be California and to those who oppose that provision. honest about it, we dare not interfere with their privileges, and Mr. HENRY of Mississippi. Would the gentleman accept this nobody who had anything to do with the framing of this bill pro­ amendment? poses to do any such thing. Mr. MOODY of Massachusetts. Let me say to the gentleman The single proposition that touches the newspaper, and that from Mississippi I have no right to accept any amendment. I am touches the country newspaper alone, is the provision which cuts not in charge of the bill. . down the number of sample copies which it can issue to 500, or Mr. HENRY of Mississippi. I understand; but you could 50 per cent of the circulation. The gentleman from Missouri favor it. [Mr. CLARK] has given notice that he proposes to offer an amend­ Mr. MOODY of Massachusetts. I am not in charge of the bill, ment to raise that to 100 per cent or 2,000 copies of each issue; and therefore I can not make any response to the gentleman. and I hope it will be adopted. I shall vote for it, because then it Now, all these matters that I have spoken to are unimportant. will render it absolutely certain that there is not a single line or The important purposes of the bill are entirely outside of them. letter in this bill which by any twisting can be made to count There are three important provisions in this bill, which I want to against the country newspaper. discuss; they are the only important provisions of the bill. Mr. BROWN. Would it interrupt the gentleman if I were to In the first place, that part of the bill which prohibits the re·· ask a question about the sample copies? turn of unsold copies of publications. Well, what is the law about Mr. MOODY of Massachusetts. It would not. that now? The news agent having unsold publications on his Mr. BROWN. The gentleman will admitthatbesideswhatare counter can not to-day return them to the publisher unless he called the county papers there are a great many valuable town pays a cent fer every 4 ounces or fraction thereof. and village papers that play an important part in educational But somehow or other the great news companies of the country work. worked into the law an interpretation which gives the newsagent Mr. MOODY of Massachusetts. I call them country papers. the right to return unsold publications to the news agent from Those are carried free in the county. whom he receives them. The news agent in my town or your Mr. BROWN. Now, suppose a new paper is started, a village town can not return his unsold publications to the publisher; he paper, and suppose at the end of the month it has 100 subscribers can return them to the American News Company, for instance. in a little town of three or four hundred people. Now, suppose The agents of the American News Company realize that it is a for the fifth issue the publisher would like to circulate and send valuable privilege and oppose its repeal. But why should it not -out, say, 500 sample copies; would it not be unjust to restrict him be repealedl The theory upon which we transmit this second­ to 100 copies, as would be the case if this amendment were adopted? class matter at a ruinous loss is because it is sent out to be read. Mr. MOODY of Massachusetts. I will answer that frankly. But the matter returned to the agent is returned at a ruinous cost Whenever a privilege is susceptible of great abuse, it ought to be simply to be destroyed. - granted with great caution. Nobody cares whether that paper There is no good reason why these returns should not be made circulates fifty, five hundred, or a thousand sample copies. But by the slower·and cheaper method of freight, when all they want you have got to have a uniform rule. of the matter that is returned ordinarily is to sell it as waste It seems to me that if they have the right to issue sample copies 3182 CONGRESSIONAL REOORD-HOUSE. MARCH 22, up to 100 per cent of their circulation, t-0 the ampunt of 2,000 themselves done even if Home Comfort and other bogus news­ copies, they are getting all they ought to ask for, and that it is papers go out of existence. 'l'he world will move along itis:;t the ungraciou.~ to ask anything further. Perhaps now and then an same; people will buy and sell just the same; they will write just instance of hardship may exist, but in those few cases the addi­ the same number of letters, although they may not write them to tional postage would not count for mnch. It is a small thing com­ the same persons. pared with the abnses which occur under the unlimited privilege To sum up, then, the only part of this bill which can possibly of sample copies. Thls leads me to the question: Why interfere affect the newspapers is the curtailment of the sample· copy privi· with the samplo privilege at all~ Is it because the newspapers lege. To the honest newspaper with a genuine subscription list themselves abuse it? No. Nobody claims that any newspaper the sample·copy pri\ilege is a mere incident. Its main purpose is abuses this privilege-not any genuine newspaper. But this great to reach actual subscribers. It exercises the sample-copy privi· privilege of cheap and free circulation brought into existence an­ lege only for the purpose of extending its circulation. other class of publications that masquerade under the name and The privilege is retained in the bill, or will be when the bill is title and appearance of a newspaper, and it is against these publica­ amended, to the fun extent to which it can be fairly exercised. tions that this part of the bill is aimed. The bogus newspaper has little genuine subscription list. Its Mr. LITTLEFIELD. And they compete with the legitimate main purpose is to send out sample copies, thereby swelling its newspaper. apparent circulation to the enrichment of its advertising columns. Mr. MOODY of Massachusetts. Yes, and they compete with This privilege the -bill effectively denies, and, so far as it accom­ the legitimate newspaper. Let me illustrate. Let me tell you the pl hes its purpose, will be to the benefit of the real newspaper. experience of our commission at one of the cities we visited. We The only- other change of importance is that denying to the so­ found a lot of very pleasant and agreeable gentlemen publishing called serial books the privilege of the second-class rate and classi­ a lot of extremely worthless papers. We found great printing fying them where they reaJly belong, with othe1· books, as third­ offices, with all the modern improvements; we found a post-office class matter mailable at 8 cents a pound or fraction thereof. The filled to overflowing with publications of these printing offices. present law specifies" bookff'' as one of the things that are mail­ We found papers with a circulation sometimes of over a million able as third-class matter, but by virtue of an opinion of an copies of every issue. We looked them over, and while there was Attorney-General of the United States many years ago and by an nothing especially vicious about their contents or their adver­ interpretation which goes even beyond that opinion there have tisements, they were simply and purely worthless. The world crept into the second-class matter publications which do not be­ would have been no worse off if the moment they were taken long there. This has been done under the pretense that they were from the printing press they had been sunk in the sea- not books, but periodical publications. A Mfil!BER. And no better off. . Gentlemen have declaimed loudly about the good literature in Mr. MOODY of Massachusetts. And perhaps no better off. paper covers which goes through the mails as i:;econd-class mat­ They did not do any particular. harm except to cause a great loss ter. This is not a question of good or bad literature. It is a to the Government. They did no good except to build up a nnm­ question of honest classification. Doubtless there is some good ber of great fortunes for a number of very pleasant gentlemen. literature which is entered as second-class matter, but there is a Now, what did we find to be the method pursued by those gen­ great deal of bad literature so entered. The Government can make tlemen to get this great circulation? None of you ever see any of no distinction between the two classes. It can not act as a liter· those papers. The publishers do not care to send them to you or ary critic or censor. Literature, whether it is good or bad, must to the like of you. They do not care about a steady subscription be treated alike provided it conforms to the ideas of decency and list, because the oftener they can change their list of readers the morality which have found expression in the criminal law. better their advertising columns sell; and, as my friend from The publications of Houghton & Mifilin, which have been so California said, some of them sell at $4,000 a page. extensively circulated and commented upon, are good literature. Now, where do they get this million or million and a half of so­ There is none better. Yet I am willing to test this bill by its called subscribers? They have some snbscribers who are gotten application to those publications. The members of this firm are by clubs, large premiums being paid out to those who get up these honorable men, publishers of high-grade literature. They enjoy clubs-perhaps amounting nearly to the subscription price. the privilege of second-class rates, and of course they are very Then they have their long lists of sample copies. Who are the much against any change. Let us see if there is any i·eason why people to whom they send their sample copies? I went into one theirpaper·covered publications ought toenjoy a privilege denied of those establishments and I saw a girl sitting at a table. Spread to their competitors in business. out before he1· were bushels of letters. She was copying the sig­ I hold in my hand a circular which they have sent to me in com­ natures of those letters. They were largely in pencil, and many mon with other members. Let me take the first three numbers. of them appeared to be letters of illiterate persons. They are Addison and Steele, Bunyan s Pilgrim's Progress, Burke's I said to her, "What are you doing this for?" "Well," said Speech on Conciliation with the Colonies. They do not suggest shet reluctantly and after some hesitation, "we are getting lists of the idea of continuity which we usually associate with the word persons t-0 send out our sample copies to." "Why don't you go "periodical." They are separate units. There is no continuity to the directory and get your lists there?" "Well, we do not care between one publication and the others. The underlying theory for that kind of people." ''Where did those letters come from?" of the cheap second-class rate is to send out the news and litera· "Well, they are answers to advertisements." "'How did you get tu.re of the day and month and the comment thereon and not the them?" "We bought them of a man down in Providence at so history or literatnrfl of bygone times. mnch a thousand-a man who has published an advertisement in Mr. DAVIS. Will the gentleman from Massachusetts yield for the newspapers. They axe answers to it." "Let me see the ad­ a question? vertisement." She handed it to me. I do not remember the adver­ Mr. MOODY of Massachusetts. I have only a few minutes tisement, bnt this is a general description: "Anybody who will more, but I will yield; certainly. send 25 cents to lock box so and so, will learn how to make $15 a Mr. DAVIS. Suppose these publications are of benefit t-0 the week without leaving home." people of the whole country and go out to them through the high· A catch-penny advertisement! Why did the publishers of those ways and byways, giving to them cheap and wholesome literature papers want to reach the lrind of people who would answer that whlch they could get in no other way. advertisement instead of those whose names they could get from Mr. MOODY of Massachusetts. Well, I am notwillingto bene~ the directory of Congress, for instance? Because they wanted to fit one class of the people at the expense of the mass of the people. reach people who had proved themselves to be "gudgeons." Those The statute law provides that "mail matter of the third class are the men and women to whom it was advantageous to send that shall embrace books," etc. The publications which I am discussing class of paper, filled up with cheap catch-penny advertisements. are" books," and nothing else. They differ in no respect from We are not aiming in this bill at the country publisher; and we the books which are transmitted as third-class matter except that do not hurt him. But we are aiming at publications of the char­ they are in paper covers. Publishers have been able to have them acter I have just referred to-the worst enemy of the counti·y entered as second·class matter under the pretense (for it is no printer that exists to·day in the land. l trust the Honse will not· better than a pretense) that they are "periodical publication.a." be deceived by any counterfeit public sentime~t in regard to that How transparent the pretense is can best be judged by observing matter. the steps by which it is rendered effective. Mr. KLUTTZ. Allow me to ask the gentleman whether each Second-class matter must have a.'' legitimate list of subscribers." of those letters was not a. Ieiter with a 2-cent stamp upon it? Often, if not always, the subscriber is a news agent and the sub· Mr. MOODY of Massachusetts. I can not tell. I think very scription becomes a mere sham. The publicationB are numbered likely it was. consecutively, thou_Erh there is nothing consecutive in their nature Mr. KLUTTZ. Every one of them. and the numbering is a mere technical compliance with the pro­ Mr. MOODY of Massachusetts. I know very well the old argu­ visions of law. Donbtlesstheyareisimedatstatedinterva.ls, though ment, that if we sep.d out this Eecond-class matter through the the purchaser never cares for that. They call them periodicals mails at a ruinous loss, we make up the loss on first·class postage. when they are not periodicals. They call them serials when. they Nobody knows whether that is true or not. Transactions will get are not serials. 1900. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 3183

Every step in the transaction by which they are taken out of The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the present considera­ the classification of books and put into the classification of peri­ tion of the matter? odicals is a flimsy pretext. The publisher who employs snch There was no objection. methods as these ought not to have an advantage over his more 1\fr. HITT. I move that the House nonconcur in the amend­ scrupulous competitor. All books, whether bound or unbound, ments of the Senate. should be in the same classification. The original intent of the The motion was agreed to. law was that they should be so. Accordingly the House nonconcurred in the amendments of the Mr. MORRIS. Will the gentleman permit a question? Senate: and the Speaker appointed as conferees on the part of the Mr. :MOODY of Massachusetts. Certainly. House Mr: HITT, Mr. ADA.MS, and Mr. DmsMORE. Mr. MORRIS. Could not the Post-Office authorities under the present law forbid the sending of that kind of matter through the SECOND-CLASS MAIL MATTER. mails at second-class rates? The SPEAKER. The hour of 2 o'clock having arrived, the · Mr. MOODY of Massachusetts. Well, I think not, Mr. Speaker. House, under the order, will now proce2d under the firnJminnte They have acted upon a construction of the present law for more rule to the further consideration of the bill which has been before than twenty years, and I think no Postmaster-General would be the House. The Clerk will read: justified, if Congress declined to change that construction, in The Clerk read as follows: adopting any other. I think these things are bound to go on Be it enacted, etc., That mailable matter of the second class shall embrace until Congress acts. all newspapers and other periodical publications which are issued at stated in~rrnls, and as frequently n.s four times a year, and are within the condi­ Mr. BELL. l\Iay I ask the gentleman a question? tions named in this act: Pl"ovided, That nothing herein contained shall be so Mr. MOODY of.Massachusetts. Yes. construed as to admit to the secQnd-class rat.e publications purporting to be Mr. BELL. I notice from one of the Chicago papers this morn­ issued periodiers, but which are merely books, or re­ prints of books, whether they be Lsued complete or in part , whether they ing that all of these almanacs issued by the newspapers are going be bound or unbound. whether they be sold by subscription or otherwise, or through the mails tmder this rate. i:>o you think that is lawful? whether they purport to be premiums or· supplements or parts of regular Mr. MOODY of Massachusett.'l. Well, I should want to stop newspapers or periodicals. and consider. Mr. RIDGELY. Mr. Speaker- Mr. BELL. They are published once a year. Mr. SNODGRASS. .Mr. Speaker, I offer the amendment which Mi·. MOODY of Massachusetts. All that I can say to my I send to the Clerk's desk. friend from Colorado is that, ao far as I can see, the passage of The amendment was read, as follows: this bill would ma.ke no difference, one way or the other, upon Amend by striking out all of section 1 after the word "to, '• in line 7, and that question. _ inserting in lieu thereof the following: "exclude from the second-class rate Mr. BELL. The point I was trying to reach ia that it is the publications of a serial nature purporting to be issued periodically and to sub­ failure to execnte the present law that makes that difficulty. scribers and which are not primarily designed as an advertising medium." · 1\fr. MOODY of .Massachusetts. Well, that may be rn. There The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Tennessee. may be imperfections in the execution of the present law. The Mr. RIDGELY. Mr. Speaker, was I recognized? responsibility for that lies with the Post-Office Department and The SPEAKER. Tbs gentleman from Tennessee [Mr. SNOD· not with the Congress. Let us make the law so plain that no pos­ GRASS] jg recognized on his amendment. sibility of misconstruction may exist-so that he who runs may Mr. SNODGRASS. The first section of this bill is directed ape. read. Let us put all publishers of all books upon an equality, and cifically against publications of a cil'culating-library character, thus return to the law its original intent, which has long since for which gentlemen who are opposed to the bill have been con­ been lost sight of. tending in this debate. The amendment proposes to change the Mr. Speaker, I mnst draw my remarks to a close. Who are op­ character of this section altogether, and it has a proviso which posing this bill? No one is doing it intelligently except the men will protect publications of a literary character from being turned who are profiting selfishly by the abuse of the privileges of the into mere advertising agencies. I move the adoption of the amend­ law. Their agents have been circulating misrepresentations from ment. one end of the country to the other and are daily infesting the The SPEAKER. If any gentleman desires to be heard in oppo­ corridors of the Capitol. sition to the amendment, the Chair will recognize him. Who are supporting this bill? A long list of Postmasters-Gen­ l\fr. LOUD. Mr. Speaker, I have no doubt that the gentle­ eral-Wanamaker, Wilson, Bissei, Gary, and Smith. The last man is sincere in thinking that his amendment may accomplish two Presidents have urged upon Congress its passage. 1'he some results, in the peculiar wording that he has given it; but let American Press Association has unanimously indorsed it. Every me say to the House that none of these books are issued primarily intelligent newspaper man who has studied its provisions indorses for advertising, or for advertising in any manner whatever, and it, and finally every intelligent man who has considered the ques­ his amendment would simply leave it as it is to-day, ancl these tion solely in the interest of the Government favors it. books would still continue to go through the mails at pound rates. The measure should become a law because it is thus supported I hope the House will vote down the amendment, because if it and because it is thus opposed. It gains as much sh'ength from shall be adopted the bill will be totally destroyed. its opposition as it does from its support. The people who are The SPEAKER. The question is on agreeing to the amend- fattening upon the largess from the public Treasury, which has ment. · been scattered to them with a prodigal hand, are loud in their The question was taken, and the amendment was rejected. outcry against H. They are the ones who are heard and who are Mr. RIDGELY. Mr. Speaker, I offer theJollowing as a substi· here. The silent, patient people are dumb. It is the special and tute for the bill-for all after the enacting clause. selfish interests that are knocking at the door of the Capitol. The SPEAKER. That is not in order until the bill is perfected A vote against this bill is a vote against the long-delayed clas­ by sections. . sification of salaries! a vote against the extension of rural free Mr. RIDGELY. Then I will offer it as an amendment at the delivery, and, above all, a vote against taking the first step toward present time. 1-cent postage. The Clerk read as follows: Mr. Speaker, we ought to pass this bill; we ought to pass it in Strike out all of the section and insert in lieu thereof the following: the interest of the people; we ought to pass it for the relief of the "That in case the Postmaster-General can not in all cases hereafter make contracts with the railroad companies to carry all mail within the United Post-Office Department,· which has cried for relief these many States at an average rate not exceeding 1 cent per pound, he shall immedi­ years; we ought to pass it as a promise of further reform and ately take steps to provide one line of Government railroads to connect each of an enlarged usefulness of the postal service, the greatest co­ and every railread post-office throughout the United States, said raili'oads to operative undertaking of the whole people. [Applause.] be secured by condemnativn and purchase, under the right of eminent do­ main, or by constructing new lines: Pro~ided, That in no case of purchase DIPLOMATIC A.ND CONSULAR A.PPROPRIATIO~ BILL. shall the price paid be great.er than it would cost to construct the road. That the Postmaster-General shall draw upon tbe Secretary of the Treasury from Mr. HITT. Mr. Speaker, I desire to present the diplomatic and time to time for the necessary mone"f to purchase or con.strur.tsuch railroads, consular appropriation bill, which I am instructed by the Com­ and the Secretary of the Treasury is hereby direct.ed to prepare, issue, and mittee on Foreign Affairs to present to the House and to ask for pay out on said drafts of the Postmaster-General a sufficient amount of full legal-tender Treasury notes, said notes to be redeemable only in payment of a nonconcurrence in the amendments of the Senate and for a con­ all claims and taxes due the United States Government: Provided further, ference. Tbat as fast as lines of railroads shall be acquired under this act the same The SPEAKER. The gentleman fromillinois [Mr. HITT], chair­ shall be operated by the Postmaster-General in carrying mail, express, freight. and passengers, at such uniform rates to all as will "defray the cost of main­ man of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, asks unanimous con­ taining and operating said roads." sent that the House consider the diplo:natic and consular appro~ priation bill with a view to a nonconcurrence in the Senate Mr. HILL. Mr. Speaker, I make the point of order that the amendments and askjng for a conference. The Clerk will re­ amendment is not germane. port the title of the bill. · The SPEAKER. The Chair sustains the point of order. The Clerk read as follows: Mr. RIDGELY. Mr. Speakm-, may I be heard on the point of order a moment? " ~biµ (H. R. 79.U) making a:pproJ,riations for the diplomatic and consular The SPEAKER. The point has been decided. It is clearly out ~~~~i~:or the fiscal year ending une 30, 1901," with sundry amendments of order, the Chair will state to the gentleman from Kansas. 3184 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. MARGIT 22,

The Clerk read as follows: blame Congress, for we have the power and it is our duty to meet SEC. 2. That publications of the second class, except as provided in section this problem and see that justice is done the people. 25 of the act of March 3, 1879, when sent by the publisher thereof, and from Postmaster-General Vilas, in urging this responsible duty upon the office of publication excluding sample copies, or when sent from a J?.ews agency to actual subscrib;;rs thereto, or to other news agent::;, shall be entitled Congress, said: to transmission through the mails at 1 cent a pound or fra-Otion thereof, where The difficulties of solving this problem do not diminish with tbe lapse of the distance between the office of mailing and the office of delivery, by the time. They steadily increase. The peril to the public is not lessening, but usual route by which mail is transported, does not exceed 1,000 miles, and at augments yearly. Ther~ ~us~ be le~~lati?n .a~apt~d to the conditions or 2 cents a pound or fraction thereof where such dic;tance exceeds 1,000 miles; this wretched system, with its mequalities, its mJustice, unnecessary expen­ such postage to be prepaid as now provided by law: PrO'IJided, nevert?ieless, diture, irritating complications, and risk of signal disaster, must remain a. That news agents shall not be allowed to return to news agents or publishers reproach to the Department until some serious misfortune a.wakens decisive at the pound rate unsold periodical publications, but shall pay postage on the action same at the rate of 1 cent for 4 ounces. On November 26, 1887, Postmaster-General Vila-s stated to Con­ The amendments recommended by the committee were read, as gress that the 432 postal cars then in use could be bought or their follows: duplicates manufactured for $1,600,000; yet he stated that the In line 7, after the word "copies,'' insert "except as hereinafter Government was paying for the mere use of these cars a rental provided." each year of $1:881,580, and tha~ the railroad companies were then In lines 10 to 15, inclusive, strike out the words: demanding for the next year $2,000,000 for the use of these cars; Where the distance between the office of mailing and the office of delivery, that one line of road was receiving $59,037.75 for the use of four by the usual route by which mail is transported, does not exceed 1,000 miles, cars which could be built in the best modern style for less than and at 2 cents a pound or fraction thereof where such distance exceeds 1,000 '17,500, and that in addition to the rent paid for the use of these miles. four cars the Government paid the full weight for transportation, Mr. RIDGELY. Mr. Speaker, we are now working under the amounting in this case to $504,573.69 annually. Mr. Vilas then five-minute rule, considering the pending bill by sections. I was estimated that if the Government would furnish its own postal unable to get time during the general debate, but I have listened cars it would realize a net saviflg of S1,500,000 per year at that time. with interest to all that has been said by gentlemen on both sides This amount would be much larger now, as the number of cars of the question. have greatly increased. This bill is known throughout the country as the" Loud bill," But, Mr. Speaker, instead of Congressional action to correct and is intended to increase the rate of postage on certain printed these extortionate charges for our railroad mail service our com­ m~ter which under existing law i~ per~itted to pas~ th!ough the mittee brings in this bill, which proposes to increase the rates of mails at 1 cent per pound, but whwh will, should this bill become postage upon our people and turn over their money to the railroad a law, have to pay 8 cents per P?und. The effect of t~is bill will and express companies. This railroad problem is an evil of such be to drive the people to patromze the expreEs and railroad com­ magnitude that the people of the nation will be compelled to deal panies with all this business, payi?g them fron;i se_ven to eight with it, and, in my judgment, tb.e patience of the public is about times more than they are now paymg; hence this bill should be exhausted. If Congress will do nothing, the people will by elect­ entitled "A bill. to increase the business and profits of private ing new men who will serve the true interests of the people in­ express and railroad companies." stead of truckling, as this Congress is doing, to the dominatipg Last year we had this same matter before us, with more time power of these transportation companies and all other trusts and for investigation than we are taking now. It was then proven that combines. · there had been no reduction in the rates paid to railroads for car­ Jn speaking of this same matter Senator Gorman stated in the rying our mail since 1878, n~twith.standing the fact that ~he cost Senate in February, 1897, that- of constructing and operatmg ra1lroads has been materially re­ The great power of these corporations, who control everything, who are duced. A special committee was appointed by this House to powerful to make and unmake public men, is so omnipotent that no exec­ investigate the facts. Ev~dence furnished by the .Interstate C?m­ utive officer has been found in the last twelve years, except in the single case of Postmaster-General Vilas, who bas attempted to reduce the compen­ merce Commission established the fact that freight rates smce sation for mail transportation, and within six months after he bad left the 1878 had declined generally thro~ghout the co:untry 35 pe.r cent. Department every economy which he introduced had been wiped away, and This committee also found that m 1898 the railroads received 50 the railroads received not o:nly what they had before, but their compensa­ tion was increased\ and never dnring my long service in this body, except in per cent more of their gross earnings for mail service than they this one instance, nave I known a Postmaster-General who had made a bona received in 1878. fide effort to control this railroad extortion. If our Postmaster-General should contract for railroad mail Another abuse by these transportation companies to which I service at the average reduction of rates since 1878 of 35 per cent, call attention is the practice of padding the mails during the he would save to the Department$12,500,000 annually, and thereby weighing season. We find that e,vidence has been adduced prov· wipe out the present deficiency of~ little over $4,000,~00 and have ing that during the quadrennial weighing season of March, 1889, a net earning of $8,000,000 left, which would ena~l~ hrm to ex~nd upon the Seaboard Air Line from Portsmouth, Va., to Atlanta, rural free delivery throughout the country; and if it were possible Ga., 300 sacks of documents with Senators' and Representatives' to get the full reduction in charges made for mail service to which fI·anks upon them were sent to various places in Virginia, North the people are justly entitled, instead of increasing the rates on Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia. The sacks weighed from any class of matter, we coul~ r.educe letter postage to 1 ~nt and 100 to 125 pounds each, and the railroad agents had slips of paper establish a parcels post, permittmg packages of merchandise up to with franks of Senators and Representatives which they evidently 25 pounds to pass through the mails at a rate not exce~ding 1 cent used without authority, and kept this mail going over the road so per pound; in fact, 1 cent per .pound under proper ra.1lroad. rntes as to be weighed 1·epeatedly. It was also proven that great piles would afford sufficient margm above cost of transportation to of newspapers were bought and kept going from place to place for fully pay the expense of route agents and local handling. In weeks for the sole purpose of bemg weighed fraudulently, as the proof of this I cite the following facts. · wejght at that time would establish the weight for four years, Express companies pay to the railroad companies 40 per cent of thus repeating this steal forty-eight times. · the rates retaining 60 per cent to pay their route agents and all Hon. William L. Wilson, Postmaster-General, turned this case local exp~nses of handling and conducting their business. We over to UnitedStatesAttorney-GeneralHarmon to prosecute these know our express companies are competing with_the Government railroad officials. However, they were strong enough to prevent and carrying a largeportion of this 1-centper pound mail m~tter. prosecution. About this time the Post·Office Committee of the They are carrying this mail matter from New York to Chicago Senate made some inquiries which developed the fact that the and all intermediate points and delivering the same at the door of then Second Assistant Postmaster-General, Mr. Nelson, imme­ the consignee for 1 cent per pound. We find the combined Adams diately before his appointment, held the official capacity of super­ and Southern Express Company carryi~g this second-clas.s mail intendent of the Cincinnati, Hamilton and Dayton Railroad, and matter to all points between the west hne of Pennsylv~~1a and it wa-s also proven th:;it his predecessor, J. Lowery Bell, was traffic the Pacific coast at 1 cent per pound; we find them maKing the manager of the Central Railroad of New Jersey. These facts, Mr. same rate throughout all the country east of this line and from Speaker, show the u~r help~essness ~.f the people in dealing .with Eastport, Me., to Charleston, S. C. . these railroad compames while our railroads are owned by private These facts clearly prove that we ought to have a umform rate corporations. · of mail transportation over all railroads not exceeding one-half -The people are seriously studying this transportation problem, cent per pound. The average distance that each pack.age of mail not only in its relation to th~ir ma~s b?t in ap. freight, express, is carried, as estima~d by two Postmas~ers-General, IS les~ than and passenger traffic. There IS a ~apidly mcreasmg army of I?eop~e . 350 miles. In most cases we put our mail on the car,{furmsh an throughout the nation who behave the only remedy possible is agent to handle and care for it w:,hile in transit, and. take it from that set forth in the platform of the People's Party, ''Government the car without any cost to the railroad company. Fifty cents per ownership and operation of all raili·?ads.". I am o~e who shares hundred pounds will cover all of their expenses and leave them a in this belief and in response to this sentiment, with an honest handsome margin. But instead of getting this rate, Mr. Speaker, desire to initiate the work of acquiring a system of Government we find that we are paying an average cost of 8 cents per pound for railroads, I offered a few moments ago, as a substitute for section transportation and handling of our n;i.ail. Most_of this enorm?us 1 of this l;>ill, the following amendment: expense goes in extortionate rates paid to the railroad compames. That in case the Postmaster-General can not in all C!l-se~ h~reafter ~ake I am not blaming th~ Postmaster-General alone for this, but I do conti·acts with the railroad companies to carry all mail withm the Umted 1900. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 3185

States at an average rate not exceeding 1 cent "per pound, he shall immedi-• in Ne.w Zealanq., and the cost of transmitting it must have been much less ately take st~ps to provide one line of Government railroads to connect each than m the antipodes. · and every railroad post-of?.ce throughout the United States, said railroads to . New Zealand aD:d Colorado have a good deal in common. The women vote be ~ecured by condemnation and purchase, under the right of eminent do­ m bo~h, for one thing. Perhaps· when Mr. Bucklin's report is read Colorado mam, or by constructing new lines: Provided, That in no case of purchase may mtroduce some more New Zealand experiments in this country. sha.11 the price paid be greater than it would cost to construct the road. That the Postmaster-General shall draw upon the Secretary of the Treasury ~r. Speaker, the f!lct t~at one of the greatest States of this fr9m time to time for the necessary money to purchase or construct such Umon has, by act of its legislature, sent one of its senators to the ;-ailroad, and the Secretary of the 'l'reasury is hereby directed to prepare, opposite side of the earth to. stu~y these great problems is signifi.4 ISsue, and pay out on said drafts of the Postmaster-General a sufficient ~mount of full legal-t:ender Treasury notes, said notes to be redeemable only cant of the tren~ of the public mmd on these gi·eat questions. The ~payment of all clauns and taxes due the united States Government: Pro­ people are wakmg up all over the nation; there is a growing de­ videdfurthe1·, That as fast as lines of railroads shall be a~uired under· this termination to use. ~he government as .the adequate and proper act the same shall be operated by the Postmaster-General m carrying mail express, freight, and passengers at such uniform rates to all as will defray power to free the t01lmg masses from this eternal tribute to trans­ the cost of maintaining and operating said roads. P?rtation lords, money lo~ds, landlords, and trust lords of every The Cle!k had sci:i:rcely finished reading thi" amendment, which kmd. .1:he me:-i noWJOn this floor who sneer at these warnings and I offered m good faith, when Mr. HILL, of Connecticut an advo­ propositions will soon be called to vacate their seats. [Loud ap­ cate of the gold. st!lnd~rd, raised the point of order against the plause.] amendment, claimmg it was not germane. The point of order Mr. B.URTO~. . Mr. Speaker, I ~esire tfs tha~ the rules adopted by I can not comprehend how any member of this House who favors t~e Republican maJority here are like their laws, unfair and de­ liberately intended to defeat justice, while they carefully shield economy in p~bli? expenditur.es or is opposed to .special privileges the great corporations engaged in plundering the people upon can oppose this bill. Accordmg to the best estlmatea which can every hand. be made, the passage of this bill will save $20,000,000 per annum Mr. Speaker, I have heard the statement that officials of some of to the Treasury of the United States. This is a kind of special the transportation companies are urging members of this House privi.leg~ for :which there is no possible justification. to vote for this bill. It is clearly to their interest to keep up the It lS high time for us to begin to watch special privileges which rates of postage, as this not only enables them to maintain their hav:e grown up under la\\"\3, in themselves not objecbonaple, but ov.ercharges for carrying the _mails, but high postage enables the which are subJect to such abuses that they redound to the interest of the ~ew and against the int~rest of the many. We hear a great rai~road and ~xpress comp~mes to overcharge the people on this mail matter, if sent by freight or express. The moment this bill ~e~l said about the classes agamst the !Il~sses. If there is any ex­ becomes law these carriers will advance their rates on all matter isting system that favors the classes, it is the system which bas affected by this bill. grown up and which this bill seeks to destroy. Let no man come My amendment provides the necessary money for purchase con­ in here and say-- structio?-, and operat~on of ~ne line of .road to each post-offic~ now Mr. LENTZ. Will the gentleman yield to me? on the lme of any railroad m the nation, this money to be issued The SPEAKER. Does the gentleman yield? by the people's Government, a full legal tender and receivable by Mr. BURTON. . No, I can not yiel?; I have only a few minutes. Let no man come m here and say he is onposed to class legislation the Gov~rnment for all dues a~d taxes. This would provide the and favor the de~sat of this bill. • . people Wlth money to do all busmess on a cash basis and free them from borr<;>wing of the banks, while at the same time abolishing In my experience in this House there has been no measure which the necessity for Government bonds and gold redemptions. The has been su?jected t get their hands into the public for sixpence. The me~ge had to go for a considerable part of its journey ~nJoyed. Treasu~y through a rough and thinly populated country, and it had to tra-rel 50 miles mtrench thei;n~elves hke an a~my prepared for battle; they claim to or more by cable. be very se~sitive as to the rights of the people and raise the cry When Mr. Bucklin got t? San Francisco he sent a message to his wife in that there is some monopoly favoring the bill whic.h they for their Color~o, about the same distance, and the cost was 75 cents-just six and a balf trmes the ~ew ~ealand rate. '!'he dispatch went by land, over a route own selfish purposes want to defeat. Do not let this issue be that was carrymg an unmense amount of through business, which was lacking befogged by saying it is a measure iramed for the benefit of the

XXXIII-200 3186 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. MARCH 22, express companies and railroads. It is nothing of the kind. I • You will observe that college pnblications are not included in the abuses of the law. Other portions of the postal laws make these things po3sible. would like to see a reduction and readjustment in the compensa­ There is no chance for abuse of the mails in the use of college publications. tion paid to railroads for carrying the mails, but the two proposi­ The law is definite and certain as t o who may have the privilege. The use, tions are distinct. Let us classify the mail matter sent out, and however extensive, is for the public good. The reading of college literature by every young man and woman would greatly increase the attendance at make the rates just in the pay for the different kinds or classes and all of the colleg-es of the conn try. just to the whole people, and in a separate bill we can take up the Your attention is also called to the fact that the bill retains fraternal soci­ other question as to rates to be paid to transportation Companies. eties (under which mutual insurance companies are admitted) and labor The SPEAKER. The time of the gentleman has expired. unions, but excludes colleges. Can any reason be assigned fol' this discrimi­ nation? Mr. MOON. Mr. Speaker, I do not desire to reply to the gen­ It seems to me that the bill ought to be amended by inserting "a regularly tleman from Ohio [Mr. BURTON] at this time. So far as he has inco1'.pora.ted institution of learnin~" after the word "by" in the third line made any points they are fully covered by gentlemen in the gen­ ol' section 4, and the word "such" m the last line of said section. Yours, very respectfully, eral debate. Assuming that these people know best what they 0. C. REARICK. want, I will send to the Clerk's desk to be reai the resolution from Hon. S.llITH l\IcPHERSON, the Pacific Coast Women's Press Association, and see what they Washington, D. 0. think about the matter. Mr. MOON . . I have had that letter read in order that I might The SPEAKER. The Clerk will read. be fair to gentlemen on the other side on the subject of this The Clerk read as follows: amendment. It is, I think, a very intelligent statement of the S.A.N FRANCISCO, March 12, 1900. case. I send to the Clerk also to be read a telegram received to­ To the Senate and Repr~ en ta ti ves in Oongress assembled: day by Hon. J. K. P. HALL, a member of this House, from the leg­ The Pacific Coast Women's Press Association, at a regular business meet­ ing, held in San Francisco on March 12, 1900, adopted the following: islative committee of the Pennsylvania State Grange. ·•Whereas, having carefully considered Honse' bill 6071, which is 'A bill to The Clerk read as follows: amend the po tal laws relating to second-class mail matter,' we find said bill H.A..RrusBURG, PA., March t1, 1900. ()pposed to oru· true interests, unjust to similar organizations throughout the Hon. J. K. P. HALL, M. C., Washington: United States, and to the public generally: Therefore, "Resolved, That we earnestly and respectfully pray the members of l:oth Please present to Congress our protest against the passage of the Loud Houses of Congress to nse their best efforts to prevent the passa~e of said postal bill. It affects unfavorably weekly agricultural, fraternal, and seen· House bill 6071." • lar newspapers. (MRS.) MARIA FREEMAN GRAY, W.F.HILL, Chairman of Committee, P. C. W. P. A. WM. T. CREASY, LEONARD RHONE, Mr. MOON. Now, Mr. Speaker, I presume that the gentleman GEO. G. HUTCHINSON, from Ohio would not take issue with the ladies under the circum­ Legislative Committee of Pennsylvania State Grange. stances. [Laughter.] I desire to send to the Clerk's desk and Mr. MOON. Hon. B. F. SP.ALDrnG, ofNorthDakota, has sent to have read a telegram from the editor of the Manufacturers' Rec­ me a telegram. which I desire to be read to the Honse. I believe ord, in Baltimore, Md. it is from the publishers of the Republican organ of North Dakota. The Clerk read as follows: The Clerk read as follows: B.ALTillORE, MD., March t~.1900. Hon. PETER J. OTEY, Wqsliington: BISMARCK, N. D.A.K., March Sf, 1900. Hon. B. F. SP.ALDI ' G, Washington: I trust you can see your way clear to strongly op_pose the Loud bill. It seems to me an exceedingly unwise measure and decidedly against the inter­ This being campaign year, we need the extra circulation of papers. We ests of the 8outh, and, in fact, of all country districts. There are many unan­ believe the Loud bill detrimental in many ways. Hope you can conclude to swerable objections against it. vote against it. - RICHARD H. EDMONDS, M. H. JEWELL, Editor Manufacturers' Record. R. N. STEVENS, Publishers Bismarck Daily Tribime. Mr. MOON. That is a voice from Maryland. Now I desire to pass to the Clerk, to be read also, a letter from Des Moines, Iowa. Mr. MOON. I have also another telegram, just received, which This letter was written to the Hon. SMITH McPHERSON, a copy of I ask may be read. • which has been sent to me, and I desire to have it read to the The SPEAKER. The time of the gentleman from Tennessee House. [Laughter.] has expired. The Clerk read as follows: Mr. MOON. Then I ask unanimous consent that this telegram HIGHLAND PARK COLLEGE, be printed in the RECORD. Des Moines, Iowa, March 15, 1900. There was no objection. MY DEAR Sm: Please accept thanks for kindness in sending me copy of The telegram is as follows: House bill No. 6071, known as the Loud bill, and the report of the committee BALTIMORE, MD., March Sf!J, 1900. thereon. Hon. FRANK c. w .A.OHTER, I am also in receipt of yours of the 3d, relative to said bill, and beg to say House of Rep1·esentatives, Washington: that I have received no communication from any Eastern literary bureau on I trust you can see your way clear to strongly oppose the Loud bill. It this subject, and have written to yourself and other Iowa members because seems to me to be an exceedingly unwise measure, and decidedly against the of newspaper mention of the favorable consideration of the bill by the com­ interests of the South, and, in fact, of all country districts. There are many mittee. unanswerable objections against it. You certainly are in error in yonr suggestion that the bill will not affect the colleges of the country. Prior to the passage of the act of July 16, 189!, RIOBARD H. EDMONDS, the colleges were unable to make their publications second-class matter for Editor Manufacturei·s' Rerord. . two reasons: First, the \)urposes of the publications were largely to adver­ Mr. BROMWELL. Mr. Speaker, as the gentleman from Ten· tise the institutions, their advantages, etc., to a.waken an educational desire nessee has been having read some extracts and communications, I and spirit in those receiving the same. The advertising character was not consistent with the theory of the old law. Second, from the very nature of would like to send to the Clerk's desk and have read, fust, an ex· the work to be accomplished a list of regular subscribers can not be had be­ tract from the Journal and Messenger,·the great organ of the cause these publications are not sent to subscnl>ers. . IIideed, the benefit to Baptist Association of the United States, and following that an the institution is secured and the cause of education advanced most if each issue reaches a new class of prospective students. editorial from the Chicago Chronicle and another from the Chicago The act of 189! extended the law as to second-class matter to the publica­ Times-Herald. tions by benevolent or frat ernal societies, trades unions, and "regularly in­ Mr. SNODGRASS. Are those daily or weekly papers? corporated institutions of learning," etc. The wording of the present law is, ••under the auspices of benevolent or fraternal societies, trades unions, or Mr. BROMWELL. The two Chicago papers are dailies; the orders organized under the lodge system," etc., but leaves out "regularly other is a weekly. · incorporated institutions of learning." There are other publications in­ The Clerk read as follows: cluded in the act of 1894il but I have quoted sufficient for my present purpose. The contention that co ege publications would not be excluded by this bill, [From the Journal and Messenger.] it seems to me, can not be sustained. The publishers of advertising sheets and pa.per-covered books are stooping I suppose that it is not necessary for me to show that great harm will re­ to every means to defeat the Loud bill. Many circulars come to this office, sult to these institutions if their publications are excluded. That follows as some of which authors a.re ashamed to own, and which they sign "Publish­ a matter of course. l\Iy understanding is that colleges great and small, avail ers' Committee," or anything that comes handy. Just now they say that themselves of these privileges; but if they do not, that is no reason for a re­ the "country publisher" will be the great sufferer. As a matter of fact., all peal of the law. They have the privilege extended, and if not exercised no papers are sent free in the county in which they are published. We be· expense is incurred by the Government on their account. I have personal lieve the county papers are entitled to this protection, and the law in this knowledge of use beiniJ made of the privilege by the State universities of respect will never b0 changed. Iowa, Illinois, Wisconsm, Minnesot.a.1 and by many other institutions of learn- The frantic cry of the New York publishers of objectionable literature, ing in the Mississippi Valley. • that if they are compelled to pay book postage, Congress will at once talce I have read with much mterest the committees report and the several away the vrivilege of free postage from country pa.Ei~;,~bwill deceive nobody. Postmaster-Generals' reports embraced therein, and call your attention to If the Post-Office Department is once made self-sus · · g, there will be even the fact that no fact is stated in either of the reports that suggests the pro­ less reason for reguiring country papers to pay postage. Another silly argu­ priety or necessity of excluding educational institutfons. These reports are ment is that the Government ou~ht to lose on the Post-0.ffi.ce Department for ail of the same tenor, and the reasons for the present bill are epitomized by the benefit of the people. Even if this were true, it would be more reasonable Postmaster-General Smith (page 5 of committee's report) as follows: "The to reduce letter postage to 1 cent, which would probably cover its cost, and first is the paper-covered boob put out under pretense of being serial publi­ to make publishers of advertising sheets pay the cost of carriage. cations." Of this be says," Thell' consecutivenumberin~is a travesty; their If the Government is to lose in the Post-Office Department, why should it issuance at 'stated intervals' a parody; their 'subscnption list' a fiction. char~e letters more than necessary for the sake of giving a bonus t.o a big • * r:: The second abuse is connected with the advertising 'house organ' publishing house in sending out tons of paper-covered books or to give low 1 and the so-called 'trade journal. • * • The thil'd abuse grows out o! the postage to some advertising sheet which makes its profits by publishing privilege of sample copies. * • * The simple statement of these great and fraudulent advertisements? 'rhese publishers own a number of Congress­ palpable abuses ought to be sufficient argument for their prompt reform." men, as was shown in speeches when the Loud bill was up before. The Postmaster-General points out that these abuses produce the deficit in The writer of one of these numerous circulars, which is sent to every news· second-class matter. paper office in the land, is driven to the argument that the Loud post-office 1900. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOlJSE. 3187 • bill would model our system after that of monarchical countries. We doubt Ohio [Mr. BROMWELL] a question? What paper is this editorial if a man who takes American people for fools will succeed in the end. The principles which should govern the business of a postal department are the from? . same the world over. Neither republican France nor monarchical Germany Mr. BROMWELL. The Chicago Times-Herald. allows private publishers to send their paper-covered books through the Mr. CUMMINGS. Is that the paper which some years ago mails at a nominal. price. [From the Chicago Chronicle.1 printed an account of an execution and headed it "Jerked to The Chronicle is in receipt of a circular letter from a publisher and book­ Jesus?", seller of New York, with an accompanying remonstrance against the passage Mr. BROMWELL. I do not know anything about what may of the Loud bill to prevent the carrying of all sorts of literary merchandise have been published in this paper some years ago-- through the mails at newspaper rates. The Chronicle is not in the busine!lS of raking chestnuts out of the fire for Mr. CUMMINGS. I think that is the paper. It was the Chi· the benefit of publishers of questionable literature. Its position on this ques­ cago Times. tion of giving special postal rates to pet classes is clearly defined. It is op­ Mr. BROMWELL. But I hope the reading of this editorial posed to giving- specia rates or gratuitous service to any class of people or any line of busme.ss. . will be continued without interruption. Publishing by :private individuals, firms, 01· corporations is not a public The Clerk resumed and concluded the reading. business. Nor is it a business which has any clairng whatever upon charity, Mr. BROMWELL. Mr. Speaker- public or private. It is a business carried on for gain, and is no more enti­ The SPEAKER. The time of the gentleman from Ohio has tled to aid at the public expense than is the grocer's business or the butcher's business. If anybody wants to have his merchandise carried by mail, whether expired. his merchandise consists of books, beets, or newspapers, let him pay for the Mr. BROMWELL. I understand that; but I was going to ask service what it is worth. It is not the business of the Government to render for two minutes to call the attention of the House to newspaper gratuitous service to favored persons and make the taxpayers foot the bills. The principle involved is perfectly simple. Any stategman with the sense comments favorable to this bill to the number of 85 leading news· of a serpent and the pluck of a canary bird can see it and apply it. There is papers of the Unite~ States, representing very nearly every State, no good reason why a statesman from the rural districts should be afraid of if not every State, of the Union. I ask permission that a list of the magnate of the paste pot, or why a statesman from the city should stand in dread of the displeasure of the man who wants to send cheap and vile litera­ these papers be published in the RECORD in connection with the ture through the mails at next to deadhead rates. The Loud bill is a.ll right extracts just read-only the names of the papers. as far as it goes. The trouble with it is that it does not go far enough. There was no objection. [From the Chicago Times-Herald.] The list refened to by Mr. BROMWELL is as follows: It is interesting to note the character and source of the protests that are being sent to Washington against the passage of the Loud bill, which pro­ Favorable newspape1· comments on second-class mail matte1·. poses to correct the abuses of second-class mail rates. 'rhese protests, with­ out exception, are from the various interests that have profited by having State. City. Paper. the Government haul their product at pound rates in violation of the plain intent of the postal laws. The special interests that have procured a misapplication of second-class Alabama. ------.. ---- Birmingham ______Herald. mail rates for the benefit of their own commodities are settin~ up all sorts of Mobile------·------­ ( ?) ridiculous pleas in behalf of the "dissemination of popular mtelligence" in Arkansas ______·-·-·- Little Rork------··­ Democrat, Gazette. order to .keep Congress from removing this costly burden from the mails. California------···- Sacramento ------Record-Union, Call. The people of the United States ought to understand that the real cause of San Diego ______Union. the postal deficit is found in the enormous wrongs which have grown up in San Jose_·------­ Herald. the perversion and abuse of the privilege accorded to second-class matt~r. Oakland------­ Inquirer. If any Congressman is in doubt as to the real cause of this deficit, let him San Francisco_-----­ Call. read the last officialreportof Postmaster-General Smith. Commenting upon Oakland------Times. the flagrant abuses of second-class mail rates, he says: Colorado ______Salida _____ ------Mail. "For this costly abuse, which drags on the Department and weighs down Connecticut·--· .... __ Bridgeport------­ Standard. the service, trammels its power and means of effective advancement in every Hartford------­ Tdegram. direction. It involves a sheer wanton wru>te of $20,000,000 or upward a year. Middletown------­ Press. The postal deficit for the current year (1899) is SS,610,776. But for this wrong­ Naugatuck------·_ News. ful application of the second-class rate, instead of a deficit there would be a New Haven ______Palladium. clear surplus of many millions. This misapplication of a legitimate public Putnam ______Patriot. object to strictly personal ends not only entails a large loss and taxes all the Derby·-·------Criterion. people for the benefit of a few, but it cripples the Department and obstructs Delaware-·------~ Wiliriington ------· News. needed improvements. Georgia.-----·---·-·-- Atlanta------Constitution, Journal (3). "The wrongs which have proved so injurious were never contemplated by Augusta ______Herald, South. Congress. They are wholly outside the intent of the law. In the reform Illinois----..•• ·------Bloomington ------Pantagraph (2). which is su~~ested (in the Loud bill) it is not proJ>osed to restrict the p1·ivi­ Chicago ______; ..• __ Herald, Inter - Ocean, Living leges of legitimate publications or to modify the design of the law, but only Church, Post (2), PostalRec­ to bring back its application to its original and just scope." ord, Record (2), Times-Her· The Postmaster-General estimates the amount of matter wrongfully trans­ ald (4), Tribune (4). mitted at the pound rate last year at 176,351,613 pounds. If this had paid the Peoria·------··· Journal (2). average third-class rate, as the law intended, there would have been a sur­ Wau~KaD------Gazette. plus in the Post-Office Department in 1899 amonnting to Sl7,637,570. And yet Indiana_······-----···· Fort Wayne ______Gazette. tpe beneficiaries of this costly abuse are endeavoring to persuade Congress Huntingburg ______Independent. that a loss of $20...i.000,000 revenue through such abuse is not the real cause of a Indianapolis_ .••• ---- Journal{2), News (2). deficit of $6,610,H6. Lafo.yetteJ ___ . --· ___ _ Courier. They are suggesting all sorts of remedies for this deficit except the real Newcastle-----·----- Courier. and rational one. They urge Congress to cut down the pay for the trans­ New Albany ______Tribune. portation of the mails on the contention that freight rates and passenger Richmond-----·-.. -­ Item. . rates have declined while the mail rates have remained stationary. As a Iowa ...... _ Des Moines------·· Capital (2). matter of fact, any comparison between freight rates and mail rates is absurd. Sioux City _____ ..... _ Journal, Tribune. Hauling the United States mails is a vastly different proposition from haul­ Mason City------·- Times-Herald. ing corn and cattle. The railway company can not fill a car to the roof with Clinton------Herald. mail as it fills it with corn. Each car is a completelyequiP.ped travelingpost­ Kansas ___ ..••...•••... Atchison .. ------­ Champion, Globe. office, and the demand of the business interests for distribution is such that Osawatomie------­ Graphic. only abont 2 tons of mail can be carried in one car. · Topeka------··----­ Capital. But, even though a comparison were allowable, the contention tliat there Winfield_-----·--···­ Com·ier. has been no reduction in the rates for hauling the mails is fallacious and is Leavenworth_----- __ Times. based upon ignorance of the law governing such compensation. It was shown Kentucky ···-·---·--- Louisville ____ ...... __ Courier-Journal (2). by Professor Adams in his testimony before the postal commission that Shelbyville-----·---- News. through "the natural working of the law" the pay for transportation of the Maine_ ••..•• ···-··---· Bath------Enterprise. mails has declined from 26 cents per ton per mile in 1873 to 12.5 cents per ton Portland_----.•.• ___ _ Press (3). per mile in 1898, a drop of 50 per cent. Augusta_.--·------­ Journal The law of mail pay to railroads changes automatically, arbitrarily, and,. Maryland.·-···-··-·-- Baltimore.------··-- American, Herald (2), News (2). radically with increase of the number of pieces of mail required to be handled Frederick. ______News (2). and corresponding increase of weight. The law, in fact, secures to the GoV: Hagerstown ______Globe. ernment a constantly falling rate as transactions increase. Massachusetts ... _.. __ Boston_------Herald (3). The testimony of the Postmaster-General as to the real cause of the postal Greenfield.------___ _ Courier. deficits should outweigh the specious pleadings of those who have profited by Newton·------Graphic. the enormous abuses of second-class rates. The first step in the direction of Northampton ______Gazette. Wiping out the deficit is the passage of the Loud bill. Salem ____ ~------News (2). Worcester_---- ..... _ Spy. Before the reading of the foregoing was concluded, Pittsfield _----- ·----­ Journal. The SPEAKER said: The time of the gentleman from Ohio Michigan-············ Cheboygan-----··--­ Democrat. [Mr. BROMWELL] has expired. Grand Rapids-·--·-· Herald. Adrian ______------Times. l\Ir. BROM.WELL. Iask for additional time sufficient to allow Minnesota •••.•••••••. Duluth. ------·----­ Herald (2), Tribune. the reading of this artic.le to be finished. There is a good deal of' Minneapolis------Times, Tribune. meat in it, and I hope gentlemen will give it their attention. Renville ___ ,, ______Record. St. Paul------· Pionee1·-Press (2). Mr. MOON. We do not know how long the article is. Winona ______Repulilican. :Mr. BROM.WELL. I think it will not take more than about Missouri--··----·----- St. Joseph ______-----· News. · three minutes to finish the reading. New Mexico ______St. Louis------_-----­ Democrat, Star. Mr. MOON. All right. Albuquerque------Citizen. Nebraska------·----- Omaha------··---·· Bee (2), News, Herald. The SPE.AKER. The Chair hears no objection to the request. Western_·------Wave. The Clerk resumed the reading of the article from the Chicago Ord-----·------·--- Quiz. by New Jersey·--·------Jersey CitY------·-- ,Journal (2). Times-Herald, but was inte1Tupted N ewark ____ ----. ----- Advertiser, News. Mr. CUMMINGS, who .said: May I ask the gentleman from Passaic_------News. 3188 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. MARCJ?: 22, • Fav01·able newspaper comments on second-class mail matter-Continued. the Loud bill (H. R. 6071) comes before your honorable body. Section 7 ot this bill repeals the Manderson-Hainer act absolutely, while section 4 pro­ tects benevolent and fraternal societies, trade unions and lodges, to the ex­ State. City. Paper. clusion of the school and other beneficiaries of the act of July, 1 9!. This is a great injustice to educational institutions, and one I am sure Camden ______should be prevented. The bill should be amended so as to give educational New Jersey .•...... Adams ______Courier. institutions the same privileges that are granted benevolent or fraternal so­ New York .••.•••..... Journal cieties, trade unions, and lodges. Albany--·-··------Argus (2). I call your earnest attention to the following facts: Brooklyn ____ ------·· Standard-Union. 1. Pound-rate postage exists to facilitate the spread of intelligence among Buffalo···------­ Commercial, Courier. the people. It gives the public cheaper newspapers, and if it is accorded to Elmira.. ----·- -··- ---­ Advertiser. the schools it will tend to popularize and cheapen education. Glen Falls-----.-----­ Times (3). 2. Every good school, public or private, is distinctly beneficial to the gen­ Kingston ------·---- Freeman. eral public. The school paper furthers the interests of the school, and, there­ Newburg ______·----- Journal. fore, of the general public. It is a potent influence in persuading our young New York····------Commercial Advertiser, Fame, people to become educated. It is not a self-supporting private enterprise, as Fourth Estate (2), Journal of is the ordinary newspaper; it is an adjunct of the school and a part of the Commerce and Commercial school's work. It, therefore, does not appeal to support through personal Bulletin,Mail and Express (2), subscriptions, and could not, as a rule, be thus supported It asks for the Newspaper Maker, Morning cheap mailing privile~~ in behalf of its educational mission, and the fact that Press, Times, Tribune, World it is i sued to the pub.Lie gratis all the more entitles it to this privilege. (2), Commercial, Advertiser. 3. Mr. LOUD urges that all periodicals, school papers along with the rest, North Tonawanda .. Argus. should be required to have regular paid subscribers; but he departs from Poughkeepsie-·-··-· Eagle. this rule in the case of trades 1mions and lodges. Upon what theory of policy Rochester------···· Express. or jnstice does he grant the cheap mailing privilege to these organizations Troy------··-····-·- Times (2). and not to the schools? Is not a school with its hundreds of students quite Utica. ____ •....• -----· Herald. as much a public enterprise as is a lodge or an association of carpenters or Watertown ....••.... Standard. tailors? Under Mr. LOUD 's proposed measure, an organization of bartenders, Oneonta--········--­ Star. or distillers, or cigar makers can distribute their literature through the Wellsville------···­ Reporter. mails at pound rates, while a college or academy would have to pay the Gov­ North Dakota------Jamestown ....•..... Capito.I. ernment twenty times as much for the privilege of sending the school litera­ Ohio·····--·-···-····- Cincinnati------­ Messenger. ture to its students and patrons. Is not such discrimination a direct blow at Cleveland .... ------­ World, Plain Dealer. the educational cause? Dayton------··-­ Journal. 4. Nearly all school periodicals have local circulation only, bein<>' distrib­ Springfield--·------­ Sun. uted in the immediate vicinity of the school The cost of distribution is L~b~non -.------­ Republican. therefore a mere bagatelle as compared with the cost of mailing papers which Cmcmnati __ .... ---·- Presbyter. go to all parts of the country. In nearly all cases the charge of 1 cent per Martins Ferry -----· Timos. pound actually pays the Uovernment the full cost of transmission. _In the Perry-----· .....• ___ _ Forum. case of the country weekly newspaper, the Government effects this local Pennsylvania ...... •. Allentown---· .. --·-­ News. transmission through the mail free. Under these circumstances, to charge Columbia .. ---·.----- News (2). the schools 1 cent per copy, or·more than 20 cents per pound, is to burden the Erie ______-----· Dispatch, News. echool with a tax as unJust as it is impolitic. If the Government transmits Harrisburg------­ Star-Independent (2). the country newspaper free, should it not at least carry the school paper at Jersey Shore------­ Spirit. actual cost? It transmits the Police Gazette and all other classes of unmoral Lancaster---·-······ Examiner. and sensational publications at pound rates under circumstances that cause Lock Haven------Democrat. a direct loss to the postal revenues of millions of dollars annually, yet Mr. Mauch Chunk ...... News. LOUD'S proposed bill refuses to carry educational literature at cost, and pro­ Glen Rock ...... Item. poses to tax our worthy institutions of education, while it pays a bonus to Shenandoah ...... Herald. thousands of sensational and advertising sheets that, so far from benefiting Norristown .. _--·---­ Herald. the public, are positively harmful in their influence. . Reading-·---··---·-- Telegram. 5. The schools that issue periodicals in the interests of their educational Erie .. ------·-·--·-·-- News. work are, for the most part, the schools of the common people, situated in Ashland------Telegram. small cities and villages, and devoted to supplementing the work of the J>Ub­ Philadelphia. ______Item (2), Press, Public Ledger lic schools with more advanced courses of general or special education. They \2), Record (2), Star, Times (3). are attended by students who can not afford to attend distant colleges or um­ Pittsburg ...... -----· Dispatch. versities. They consist mainly of academies, normal schools, industrial and Pottstown ______News. business schools, etc. Their rates of tuition are low, and they are not backed Meadville·------·---· Revublican. by large endowments or public funds. They afford to the farmer or mechanic: Wellsboro-----··-·-­ Agitator. an opportunity of giving his children technical or preparatory training near Westchester .....•... News. at home and at a moderate cost. Surely it is not unreasonable to ask that Wilkes barre .. : .. ---­ Record. the Government foster these worthy popnlar schools to the extent of trans­ Rhode Island ....•.... Providence······---­ Journal. mitting their periodicals through the mails at cost. South Dakota--····--- Elkton. ------Record. 6. But itisurgedthatifthepound-rateprivilegebeallowed totheschools, Watertown ...... Opinion. this privilege will be abused by certain schools that will take advantage of it Tenne see-----··----­ Nashville--··------· American. to circulate advertising matter in no war related to education. ln reply to Virginia------­ Lynchburg---···--·­ News. this it may be said that the objection 1S equally pertinent in the case of Wisconsin------Baraboo----·-··----­ Republic. periodicals is&'Tied by lodges, etc., and of the general newspaper itself. It Fond du Lac ....•.... CommonwAalth. would be an easy matter to insert a clause in the law restricting the adver­ Milwaukee--···----- Evening Wisconsin. tising functions of the school paper and other periodicals; but this objection Racine----····-······- Journal, Times. has never been raised in the case of the country newspaper, which often con­ Waukesha .•....•.... Democrat. sists almost wholly of advertisements, but which, as before stated, is trans­ Madison-----·------Democrat. mitted through the mails en.tirely free of charge. Why, then, should this West Virginia. ______J Petersburg ...... Press. advertising bugaboo be raised up in the case of the school pa.per? . 7. In all the r eports of Postmasters-General, and in all the literature sent out by the advccates of the Loud bill it has not once been charged that the Mr. CUMMINGS. Mr. Speaker, I have here a letter from the schools have anywhere been guilty of abusing the pound-rate_privilege ac­ corded to them through the wise and beneficent act of 1894. We therefore chancellor of the New York University, reading as follows: he present attempt to debar them from this privilege is unwar­ NEW YORK U?-TVERSITY, UNIVERSITY HEIGHTS, wise, and entirely unsupported by public sentiment, which is e•ery• New York, March 19, 1900. rable to the largest and most liberal encouragement of educational MY DEAR SIR: Please favor the cause of colleges, schools, and general edu­ cation by opposing the Loud bill (H. R. 60TI) or causing it to be amended so . , truly, RICHARD W. MASSEY. that college and school publications may still be sent through the post-office as second-class matter. As a worker for education for a generation, I know Now, m reply to what some gentleman has said about the fact that such periodicals are very useful and are seldom or never self-supporting, that a ton of an edition of Sapho had recently been sent through but are maintained by students as a rule at considerable cost. It is very un­ wise for the Government to discourage such papers when it is so liberal in the mails from the city of New York, I want to say that you of its postage rules in various other directions. ..Congress have fastened upon New York City Anthony Comstock, Very truly, your8, a well-known and respected official, whose duty it is, if this book HENRY M. M.A.cCRACKEN, Chancillor. is pernicious and meretricious in its tendency, to see that its sale Hon. A. J. CUMMINGS, is stopped. It is not necessary to pass the Loud bill to do this. House of Representatives. You can do it now under the law. I see the performance of •. .' apho I have also the following letter from R. W. Massey, president by Olga N ethersole is stopped, and if this is right, the same power of the Massey Business Colleges, of Columbus, Ga.: invoked might stop the sale of the book. If you favor the Loud COLUMBUS, GA., Mai·ch9, 1900. bill, why do you not pass a bill preventing all theatrical exhibi­ DEAR Sm: I would respectfully call your attention to the inclosed circular tions whatever, because a police justice says Olga Netherso~e has Jetter, which refers to the Loud bill. Should this bill pass in its present form, it would strike a severe blow at the cause of education. We believe overstepped the bounds? [Laughter.] I protest against pun:sh­ that our worthy educational institutions are certainly entitled to the same ling honest men, who are giving us cheap literature under the law privileges granted to trades unions and lodges. as it now stands, because some publisher of pernicious literature Please consider the excellent reasons stated in the circular letter. Very truly, yours, violates the law and takes advantage of this second-class rate. R. W. MASSEY, [Applause.] President Massey CoUeges. rHere the hammer fell.] Hon. A. J. CmrMINGS, Washington, D. 0. Mr. COWHERD. Mr. Speaker, I did not intend to take up the time of the House, but intended simply to content myself with An appeal to friends of education-The Loud bill (H. R. 6071) st1·ikes a blow at voting for this measure, but after it has been so vigorously and the cause of education. To Members of Congress. viciously attacked I feel I owe it to myself as a member of the GENTLEME:N: Permit me to call your attention to a matter of great con­ committ.ee to go unequivocally on record in regard to the measure. cern to the educational interests of the United States. On the 20th instant I want fo say that I favor this measure, for one reason, because 1900. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 3189

every man in an official position, Democrat or Republican, who Mr. RIDGELY. Will the gentleman permit a question? has ever had occasion to give proper consideration to the law, has Mr. COWHERD. I have only five minutes. 1·ecommended it to Congress. And I submit, gentlemen, that five The SPEAKER. The time of the gentleman from Missouri has Postmasters-General, of all parties, who _have given careful study expired. to t;he extent of from two to four years, are entitled to at least as Mr. COWHERD. I will ask the House to give me five minutes much consideration as the gentlemen who have rushed into oppo­ more. sition because they have received a protest from som• paper or Mr. STEELE. Make it ten minutes. commercial school. · Mr. COWHERD. I only care for five minutes. I favor the bill further, Mr. Speaker, because three members of The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Missouri asks that he this Rouse, appointed upon a postal commission, men whose have five minutes more. Is there objection? superiors in industry, in ability, and in integrity do not sit_upon There was no objection. this :floor, after two years' study of tills question, are each and all, Mr. RIDGELY. Now, Mr. Speaker­ Democrat and Republicans, in favor of the bill. And I submit, The SPEAKER. Does the gentleman yield? again, they are entitled to as much credit and weight and author­ Mr. COWHERD. For a question; yes. ity as the men who have jumped into opposition to the measure Mr. RIDGELY. The question is, Does not the law as it now without knowing what it contains, as is proven by the speeches stands rule out this very literature? that have been made here against it. Mr. COWHERD. ThB law rules out this literature as it now Now, Mr. Speaker, I want to say that the real opposition to the stands, and the law rules out that literature as it now stands bill was stated by a distinguished gentleman of this House the until you put a falsehood on the back of it and file another in the other day in these words. He said: Department. • · I have been now about a month explaining my vote on the Puerto Rican The law intended to admit what? It intended to admit news­ bill, and I am not going to cast another vote which I have got to explain, and papers, it intended to admit periodicals, such as magazines, and therefore I will vote against this measure. the framers of it evidently thought they were describing maga­ Mr. CUMMINGS. He is sound. zines when they gave the pound rate to periodicals published at Mr. COWHERD. I want to say, Mr. Speaker, he is unsound. certain stated intervals, numbered consecutively, issued from a And we do not propose that the men who vote for this measure known office of publication, formed of printed sheets of paper shall have a monopoly of explanations. When gentlemen go ba.ck without board, cloth, leather, or substantial binding, and having to the man who is following the plow or pushing the plane and a legitimate list of subscribers. Now, this book is not a period­ tell him that the loss on carrying and handling the fake advertis­ ical, it is not published at stated intervals, and, as a matter of fact, ing sheets and fraudulent serials is more than twenty-five mil­ it has not a list of subscribers. lions a year, which sum must be gathered from the taxpayer for Why~ Mr. Speaker, the worst thing about the prohibition law, the benefit of these favored publishers, and that they voted for except the fact that you can not enforce it, is that it breeds law­ the continuation of such a policy, they will find opportunity for a breakers and liars, and one of the worst things about this nostal little explaining thems~lves. law is that it makes m~ sign falsehoods and print them in order · When gentlemen say the Post-Office Department ought to be on to get the advantage of the mails. the same level as the War Department and the Navy Department, Now, there is another book that I found this morning in a book­ which means, if it means anything, to take out of the general rev­ stall here in Washington. I bought it for 5 cents. It is The enues of the Government a hundred million dollars a year to carry Woman in White, written by Wilkie Collins, bound in gooff an<} handle the mails, and wipe out aU charges for postage, there shape. 'l.1hat book is shut out from the mails; but the man who will be another opportunity for explanation. The taxpayer will wants to help the poor boy, the man who is voting $25,000,000 or remember the Government tax is on our consumption and the more a year out of the pockets of the people of the United States poor man pays as much as the rich; and when you say to him into the pockets of the favored publishers who are sending the ·that he ought to pay as much, and in making up the deficit he protests to your home that are remailed to you; those men, if they does pay as much, as the great business house in Chicago that publish that novel, publish it and put a paper back on it so that mails 5,000 letters a day, I want to say that the man who votes it can not last the poor boy through one reading, and then it can against this bill has got to do some explaining himself. go through the ma~, if it has a serial number at the top of it and Now, Mr. Speaker, just one other question. My time is so lim­ an affidavit as to its subscription list on file in the post-office. ited I can not attempt a connected argument. The great cry on Mr. CUMMINGS. May I ask the gentleman one question? this :floor has been that this bill would stop the sending of the Mr. COWHERD. Yes. - serial to the poor boy in the country, and they say that that will Mr. CUMMINGS. You bought that at a secondhand bookstore, stop a raft of excellent literature; and it would, if it stopped it. did you not? It will also stop a raft that is not so good. Mr. COWHERD. I did not. I bought it at what is called the But how does the serial get to the poor boy in the country to­ Boston House, Woodward & Lothrop, down here at Eleventh and day? It gets there by printing a fraud on the back of the publi­ F streets, one of the biggest retail houses in town. They do not .cation and filing a false affidavit with the Postmaster-General. carry any secondhand stuff. That is according to the Postm~ter-General 's own statement. Mr. CUMMINGS. It is auction stock, though. Now, they say that this is for the benefit ofJthe poor boy, a-nd Mr. COWHERD. No; it is not auction stock, either. the discrimination is made in favor of unbound books because Mr. KLUTTZ. It is a bargain-counter book. they are purchased by the poor. I assert that by taking advan­ Mr. COWHERD. Whether it is a bargain-counter book or not, tage of this abuse of the mails the publishers are enabled to sell you can not find the day when you can not go into these book­ their ephemeral works at enormous prices. You have no right to stores and buy this kind of literature, many of the best novels, in discriminate against a well-bound book to make a market for the good binding, for from 15 to 25 cents, and you shut these books paper back. Here is a novel, The Fastest Boy in New York, pub­ out for the benefit of the poor boy and let the paper-back in, if the lished in a serial containing The Ubiquitous Yank and The Great­ publisher is sufficiently depraved to perpetrate a fraud. est Detective of the Italian Quarter, and so forth. That sells for Mr. SNODGRASS. And you do it even if you pass this bill. 25 cents. How can it sell at that? Because by putting a false­ Mr. WILLIAMS of Mississippi. Do you say that book can be hood on the back and filing another at the Department it can go bought for 5 cents? at the pound rate. Mr. COWHERD. That is what I paid for it. There is a work of Alexandre Dumas, printed on much better Mr. SNODGRASS. You could take off the binding and reduce paper, with better type, and in permanent form, with a perma­ the weight, and then get it admitted to the mails at second-class nent binding; that sells for 15 cents, and it can not go through rates. the mails at the pound rate because it is put up in decent shape. Mr. COWHERD. Now let me answer that. If you are going Now, gentlemen, do you want to stand forthat kind of legislation? to let cheap, ephemeral publications of that kind [indicating] go Here is one of the Beadle series, The Velvet Hand; or, the Iron through the mails, if you are going to continue to tax the people Grip of Injun Dick. [Laughter.] That can go through the mails for the benefit of the publisher, then by all means extend the law because the publisher swore be had a list of subscribers, which and let the p~rmanent well-bound books go through the mails the Postmaster-General says in most cases is a false statement, also. But when you do it, remember the chairman of the com­ and because the publisher stuck on top of it a serial number. mittee has said yon increase the cost of the service, and instead of That sells to the poor boy for 10 cents, and finds a market because losing forty-five millions on the hauling and handling of second­ it is favored in the mails. class matter you will lose $100,000,000. There is Rob Roy in permanent form; that sells for 15 cents, Mr. NEVILLE. Would you change and repeal the laws which and it can not go th1·ough the mails because the publisher would grant liberties and privileges to the American people because some not print one falsehood on it and swear to another, and because criminals violate the laws of the land? it has got a good back on it. [Applause.] Do gentlemen on this Mr. COWHERD. Liberties and privileges of the American peo­ side of the House want to stand for that kind of legislation? I ple! Is that a liberty or a privilege to send such publications say the nan who votes against this bill has got all the explaining through the mails [indicating] , when every man that sends them to do. out, with the probable exception of one firm, violates the law to 3190 ·CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. MARCH22, get the privilege? ls the perpetration of a fraud a privilege? Large salaries might be reduced and many other departmental Under th-e construction it now bears, the spirit of the law is al ways expenses. For it is no secret to the people of this country that vio1ated; and I claim that no man can stand before the American the Governn'ent employs one-third more hands and pays higher people and sustain it. salaries than the individual for similar service. Now, gentlemen have risen again and again and have said, Why, Here let me call your attention to a noticeable fact, and that it does not make any difference if there is a deficit in the postal is, notwithstanding all these extravagances, the volume of mail revenues. I contend that it does. I do not agree with the gen­ matter carried has so greatly increased during the last five years tlemen that take the othe1· side. I say the postal service is a serv­ that by J1me 30, 1902, the deficit will be wiped out without chang­ ice rendered for a fee, and as near as is practicable a man pays in ing the law or without changing a single ruling of the Depart­ proportion to the use he makes of t!1e mails. B~t a defici.t must ment, through which rulings I firmly believe most of the abuses be paid out of general revenues raised by taxation from all the complained or arise. people. It is taking money out of the pockets of the people for Let us examine this much-talked-of and much-lamented deficit, the benefit of the publisher of the fake advertising organ and the In 1896-97 it was $12,987,585.90; 1897-98, $9,020,905.06; 1898-99, fraudulent serial. 6,610,776.75; 1899-1900 (estimated), $4,265,888.05, and in 1900- The SPEA.KER. The time of the gentleman has expired. 1901 (estimated), $3,000,000. Mr. STEELE. I would like the gentleman to have five minutes This latter estimate is high, and on the same ratio of decrease as more, so as to answer his colleagues, who seemed to be a little that in former years would not be more than $2,000,000, and in pressed. 1902 there would be a surplus. The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Indiana asks that the So, if there ever was a time when the present law was a crying time of the gentleman from Misso11ri be extended five minutes. evil and its change a great necessity that time might have been Is there objection? [After a p11.use.] The Chair hears none. in 1896-97, and not at this late day, when it is rapidly becoming a Mr. COWHERD. I shall not use it, Mr. Speaker, as other gen­ paying bu~ness under the present most liberal postal laws. tlemen desire to be heard. After a careful examination of the arguments, I am inclined to Mr, CUMMINGS. I do not object; but I think it is a little un­ believe that the radical changes proposed by this measure, instead fair to me that I should be limited to five minutes while the gen­ of shortening the time at which this service will become paying, tlemen on that side have as much time as they desire, will very considerably postpone that time, and in the meantime Mr. COWHERD. I do not ask it. may cause many interests, especially those of the publishers of The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Missouri, aftel' having good, cheap literature and those whose labor is employed on it, five minutes yielded to him, declines to nse it. much suffering and loss. Mr. GREEN of Pennsylvania. Mr. Speaker, the subject-matter In changing long-established laws and customs it is generally of this bill is not of recent date. It has received the earnest con­ well to go slow and make the changes gradnal, so that the read.. sideration and careful scrntiny of the members of a number of justment is but little noticeable. Congresses. For some reason it has always failed to be enacted You ask me on what I base this opinion, and jn answer I say into> law. Under these circumstances it will bear the close exam­ that it is agreed by all who know anything about the statistics of ination of every member of this body, · :My attention has been the postal service that the great paying service is that of first­ called to the bill by a large number of letters, remonstrances class matter-letters paying 2 cents and upward. numerously signed, and by newspaper articles, all from the con­ This kind of mail is carried at a large profit. One Postmaster· stituency I have the honor to represent. General says that the average cost to car~y first-class matter is 18 With a very few exceptions they ask me to vote against the cents a pound. The average revenue received is 93 cents a pound, measure, and thus allow the present law to remain in force. Not or an average profit of 75 cents a pound. Third-class matter, he only do these protests come from Berks and Lehigh counties, bnt st.ates, pays its way, and there is a slight profit on fourth-class many more come from over the United States. This has caused matter. If we consider for a moment and take our practical expe­ me to give more than a casual examination to the proposed legis­ rience only, is it not true that a large number of letters are writ· lation, and I will admit much has been said in favol' of the bill ten and sent by reason of the wide distribution of second-class that seemed plausible, and it was only after diligent search and a matter? careful analysis of the arguments for and against that I reached Remember that second-class matter is made up of newspapers, the decision that at the present time this"legislation was not magazines, pamphlets, periodicals, all containing a.dvertisemen ts­ needed, and the passage of this proposed curative measure might and how many letters are written by reason of the information be exceedingly unwise and perhaps quite injurious to the interests received from these advertisements? We can safely say at least of not only the people I speak for but of the general public. one-third. Withdraw these feeders to the first-class mail matter Two facts have been relied upon by those who advocate its and its profit vanishes, or much of it, and with itmuchofthebusi­ passage. First, the Postmasters-General of the United Sta es for ness of the country, too. years have recommended a decided modification of the present Wants grow with knowledge. With ignorance and rigid econ· laws regulating second-cla.ss mail matter, and especially the par­ omy comforts become few and luxuries pass entirely away. ticular.changes sought to be made by this proposed legislation. With knowledge, education, and refinement the wants of man~ Second, the Committee on Post-Offices and Post-Roads are almost kind increase in direct proportion to the progress he has made. unanimous in their favorable recommendation-only two out of Instead of one coat, which he can shift with and wearpatched, he seventeen being opposed. wants two, and he wants them in the prevailing style and of the I have made a careful examination of the reports, with the prevailing fineness of texture. He wants better and a greater statistics, criticisms, and recommendations of the Postmasters­ variety of food, instead of bread and water. He wants carpets General from that of Hon. William L. Wilson for the fiscal year and curtains, handsome furniture, pictures, flowers, musical in­ beginning June 30, 1895, and ending June 30, 1'896, and of every struments and jewelry, books, papers, and magazines. He wants Postmaster-General from that time down to that of the year end­ machinery to lighten his labors and the thousand and one improve­ ing Jnne 30, 1899, including those of Postmasters-General Gary ments which mark the life of our plain people in the last two dec­ and Smith. The report made by Postmaster-General Wilson ades and make it pleasant and happy. mentions the fact that his predecessors, Bissell and Wanamaker, A great hue and cry has been raised by these Postmasters-Gen­ also took similar action and made similar recommendations. eral that second-rate mail matter costs morethan it directly pays. These officials start with the premise that the mail service That is true and always was true, and that bas always been the should be not only self-supporting but made to pay a handsome policy of the law, too, for some kinds of second-class matter now revenue. This is certainly a fair business proposition, and, if this and always has gone through the mail free without paying a penny Government would be 1·un with an eye single to make money, of postage and freight. l\Iany people, perhaps, do not know that would be unanswerable. It is pardonable that these ambitions most newspapers go through the mails free, gentlemen should, as they say, make a struggle to establish the That is the main reason why they are brought to the doors of mail service on a paying basis. the people living outside of the great cities and towns so cheap They seem in their reports to have fo1·gotten two propositions, and for no more than they cost to the people Iiving in the p1ace that while it might be desirable that the service should be made they are printed. The law is: to pay, such a result should not be brought about at the expense News-papers\ one copy to each subscribe1· in. thecountywhere the same are of the general public, either by giving them indifferent service or printed m who1e or part and published, are carried free. by withholding from them advantages, educational and other, By a ruling of the Department, exchanges with other papers, are which are of many hundred times more value to the people than the carried free, as they are ranked as subscriptions paid in kind. small contribution from the general fund raised by taxation re­ The Postmaster-General, in his report of the fiscal year ending quired to pay the annual deficit, as it is called. 1898, fixes the absolutely free delivery of newspapers mailed free Second. These officials seem to forget that there is another way in the counties of publication at 59,316,412 pounds alone; in 1897 to wipe out this annual deficit and reach the paying basis and it was 52,348,348 pounds; in 1899 it was 62,241,700 pounds. that is by economizing in the money they pay railroads and other Again, the right was given to newspapers to send their issue be· transportation companies,:by lowering the exo1·bitant rates which yond the limits of the county in which published at the nominal they charge for carrying our mail matter. rate of 1 cent a pound. 1900. CONGRESSIONAL REOORD-HOUSE. 3191

These privileges or concessions, as they are called, are further Now let us examine this proposition and see whether any good enlarged by departmental mling to allow to be shipped by mail ground exists in drawing this line of distinction, ln separating tha sample copies at the 1 cent a pound rate. Great advantage is newspaper sheep from the book goats. taken of this ruling and quantities are sent out to nonsubscribers Does the ground of public policy begin and stop at newspapers in the hope of interesting them. So, also, when an advertiser or and magazines, both of which are largely made up of advertising person i3 interested in distributing an article appearing in the paper, matter? We claim it does not. Cheap books I believe to be the cent a pound rate is invoked and distribution made through every bit as valuable in furnishing educational facilities to the Uncle Sam~s mail service. Now, do any of these Postmasters­ masses as newspapers or magazines. General complain of the loss of money entailed by the Govern­ In fact, if one may be t1aid to be better in spreading education ment by this free distribution of newspapers or this disfribution than another, the good book has the advantage. A bad book is of them at a nominal rate? neither better nor worse than a bad newspaper. It is easy to Not at all; they seem to fear their political power and excuse or guard against the shipping by mail of bad books; we have plenty of approve of the law, the rulings, and the customs. They admit laws, with heavy penalties attached, for sending through the mails this is done at a great loss to the United States, as they claim it immoral, obscene, er otherwise injurious literature of anv kind. costs on the average of 8 cents a pound to distribute this matter, The carloads of Sapho shipped from New York over the country, while it pays nothing, or at most 1 cent a pound, entailing a loss to which allusion has been made, should have been refused by the of 8 cents a pound on nearly 62,000,000 pounds, or $5,000,000, and postmaster; they were shipped contrary to law, and the '(>ostal au­ of 7 cents on over 20,000,000 pounds more, or about $1,500,000; in thorities are to blame. all, about $6,500,000. So, also, any other book or pamphlet which has not specially What do they say to this loss? I take the following from the been passed upon as second-class matter, and it is no excuse to reports quoted above. Postmaster-General Wilson says: say the postmasters are imposed upon by false notices printed on This grant of free transmission is of long standing and rests on the gron.nd the outside covers. Postmasters are paid sufficiently large sala­ of public policy, which I have no disposition to question. ries and given an ample corps of well-paid assistants to be able, So likewise the granting of nominal and losing rates for transmission without the most culpable negligence, to remedy this abuse. through the mails of legitimate newspapers and periodicals may be assumed Legislation would not cure the defect, for they would simply to be a deliberate policy of Congress, in view of the legislation of lSU, 18'i9, and 1885, though it is doubtful if Congress anticipated the immense loss in­ close their eyes to new laws, as they do now. . volred in the grant of the 1 cent a pound rate in 1885. What hirsute appendages are there on reprints which should Postmaster-General Gary, on this subject, says in his re.port: cause them to be classed among the goats? Reprints are made of the very best books only. There is no sale for an indifferent book The earliest concession-one to which little or no objection on the ground which justifies or makes profitable its being reprinted. Reprints of public policy has ever been rai ed-was made to publishers of country newspapers and permitted them to send one co;py of their paper free to each are only made of the old masters of literature, the very books subscriber living within the county of publication. This was followed up by which it is most desirable to have extensively circulated and read. granting to publishers of newspapers the right to send out then· issues be­ Among them are the gems of the English tongue. Most of them yond the limits of their <;ounty at 1 cent a pound. To this no serious objec­ are published without a single advertisement appended to them, tion was made. and must make their way through the world by intrinsic merit The present Postmaster-General says little on the subject; but alone. that little, and the failure to complain about it and call it an I have carefully gone over the lists published by the great pub­ abuse, shows that he too at least is satisfied that this concession lishing houses of the United States, one of which I have at handt continue. that of Houghton, Miffiin & Co., of NewYork. Theypublish the Now, all the objections I have ever heard to the present broad much appreciated and widely read Riverside Series. This series, and liberal postal laws comes from these Postmasters-General and without a single exception, is made up of the best works of the those connected with that Department. I have never in a single best authors-Anderson, Browning, Bryant, Bunyan, Cooper, instance heard the general public complain and ask a change in Dana, Dickens, Franklin, Goldsmith, Hawthorne, Ruskin, Scott, the law. Nay; when such a change is proposed they invariably Shakespeare, Stowe, Swift, Irving, Lincoln, Homer, Holmes, protest so strongly that the individual memberin Congress listens, Longfellow, Tennyson, Whittier, and many others. hesitates, and votes against changing the law. Is there more improving reading published? I would that a For my part, I believe the policy adopted by Congress in fram­ ·copy of each of these publications could be placed in the hands ing laws granting these concessions and liberal terms to country of every boy and girl, man and woman in this broad land. The newspapers, to newspapers of wider circulation, to magazines, United States could well afford to send them free. The works of and periodicals of all kinds is wise. They have paid back to this the other publishers are equally choice, and usually from standard country by spreading education with its attendant civilization writers. The large percentage are English classics, highly inter­ and enlightenment in actual dollars and cents an amount infi­ esting, instructive, and improving. nitely more than it has cost the country. It is urged as an argument that the publishers of these books Uncle Sam has never made a better investment than that rep­ and reprints make a profit on them at the expense of the United resented by the postal deficiency; and if the terms of the invest­ States. This seems to be the principal argument of the friends of ment would be changed and ihe policy narrowed instead of this bill. Surely they can not be so blinded to all sense of pro­ broadened, I feel sure the change would not pay either the Gov­ priety and logic as to consider this a fair argument. For it could ernment nor the people whose immediate interests should be first with like force be urged against the concessions made to news­ regarded. papers, magazines, and periodicals. The publishers of all of them Some men have argued that the general public are not bene­ derive a profit. fited by this governmental liberality. Let us stop a moment and Yet they-the friends of the bill-admit. the benefit is shared by see if they are not only indirectly but very directly benefited. the public. The sheep and the goats stand on the same footing­ Suppose the postal laws obliged a 1-cent stamp to be placed on are subject to the same argument of public policy, and to a mem­ every newspaper or magazine distributed by the mails. Would ber of Congress who wants to be consistent there is no halfway; not the publisher have to raise the price to his subscribers just either all should pay the actual cost of their transmission through that much? That would mean $3 a year for each daily newspaper the mails or all be granted equal concessions. And it will not do sent by mail to a subscriber. Competition, which is very sharp, to say that it is all right to give these privileges to the newspaper controls the price, which is based on the cost.• publishers and deny them to the book publishers. I say give them The cheap rates of the daily and weekly newspapers, magazines, to both. and reading matter of all kinds is due to advertisements and cheap The friends of this bill are equally inconsistent in their second postal delivery. Subscribers alone never by their subscriptions proposition, limiting sample copies to 500 or even a larger number. pay for the large majority of publications, and the people get the This privilege was never granted by the postal laws; and if it is benefit of every saving, get it directly, and the country and the an abuse, the postal authorities, through whose edicts and rulings Government get it also by having better-educated, better-behaved, it originated, can correct it. How senseless to say that the ruling and broader-minded citizens. has been long ago submitted to and approved by an Attorney· I for one would never by my vote in any way curtail these General. If that be so, what is there to prevent another Attorney· great and proper privileges for the mere sake of saving a few dol­ General and another Postmaster-General modifying or absolutely lars being paid out of the General Treasury at the expense of these cutting off the privilege'? I call it-they say abuse. great objects and popular benefits. It looks as if they wish to place the responsibility on Congress But it is argued by the advocates of this legislation that we know for abuses of acts which lie at their own door. They are a good the law as it exists to-day creates a favored class. But we think deal like the brewers, who were unable to agree among themselves that that favored class has grown too large, and we draw the not to sell eighths and sixths of beer, and came to Congress with line at extending the present privileges" to periodicals which are a bill doing away with beer stamps for eighths and sixths. merely books or reprintB of books, whether they be issued com­ But I take the broader ground; if it is public policy to dissemi· plete or in parts, bound or unbound, sold by subscription or other­ nate public information by conceding the free transportation of wise, or whether they are premiums or supplements of regular newspapers to subscribers, is it not equally public policy to in· newspapers or periodicals." crease the number of subscribers by sending specimen copies?

\.. 3192 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. _MAROH 22, -

Let the ruling stand, and cease these useless complaints of the of miscellaneous second-class mail matter. I am sure the pub­ present postal laws. lishers would cheerfully comply with these restrictions. The next particular, or, as they say: reform, aimed at is the tak­ Amend this bill as you will, you will simply lay snares for the ing away from lodges, fraternal and benevolent societies, trade unwary and in no way accomplish any good results to that vast unions, colleges, educational institutions the privilege of sending multitude who contribute so largely to the running expenses of their papers and publications as second-class matter. They com-· this at present extrayagantly run Government and receive so little· plain of men who for the mere purpose of making money in ad­ tangible return. Let a halt be called on this legislation by your vertisements are issuing and circulating such papers. vote. You may feel assured that no one of your constituents will If that be true, the remedy is easy-do not grant them the privi­ question the wisdom of your action, and should there be one it is lege. Each paper must make application first for the privilege quite easy to show them it was based on a real regard for the~ and have it speciaJly granted. How easy it would be to refuse interest and a sound public policy. such privilege when it is improperly asked. Mr. LOUD. Mr. Speaker, I ask for a vote. Surely this laxity on the part of the postal authorities is no The SPEAKER. The Chair desires to state that business will good ground for taking away this valuable privilege from our be suspended until the House is in order. There are plenty of labor unions, our lodges, educational institutions, and benevolent conveniences for conversation outside. This is the workshop, and societies. I ha.ve before me a telegram just received from the the House must be in order before business will be resumed. society of Modern Woodmen located at Allentown. They say Mr. LOUD. Mr. Speaker, I ask for a vote . . the passage of the bill "means a heavy tax on us." The SPEAKER. The question is on agreeing to the committee This, no doubt, is the universal verdict of all these organiza­ amendments to the second section. tions, and amendments have been offered which require these Theamendments were agreed to. society papers to be confined in the matter contained in them to The SPEAKER. The Clerk will read the third section. subjects relating to the particular organization alone. Mr. BROSIUS. Mr. Speaker, I move to strike out the proviso • What objection should there be to have printed in them useful to the second section. and interesting matter which may not be at all connected with the The SPEAKER. We had passed the second section and the specjal objects of the society? I see none. Make them all as bright, Clerk was ordered to read the third section. entertaining, interesting, and instructive as possible, and you will Mr. BROSIUS. But the reading had not commenced. have done a good work, not one upon which a penalty should be The SPEAKER. Does the gentleman's amendment apply to inflicted. the second section? All of us no doubt appreciate the value of teaching and preach­ Mr. BROSIUS. It does. ing and practicing the doctrine of humanity and instilling intothe The SPEAKER. The Clerk will read. hearts of every citizen a love for his fellow-man. The great The Clerk read as follows: growth in recent years of social and beneficial organizations in In the second section strike out the following proviso: every State in the Union shows the upward and onward tendency. "Provided, nevertheless, That news agents shall not be allowed to return to news agents or publishers at the pound rate unsold periodical publica­ They teach charity, fraternity, equality, patriotism, and all the tions, but sh{l,ll pay postage on the same at the rate of 1 cent for 4 ounces." Christian virtues. Why place an obstacle in the way of their growth and expansion, all to save a few dollars to the Government? MESS.A.GE FROM THE SEN.A.TE. The policy is a bad one. Nay, rather give them greater facilities A message· from the Senate, by Mr. PLATT, one of its clerks, an­ and encourage them in other good Christian, humane work by the nounced that the Senate had passed bills of the following titles; most generous legislation. Do not strain at a gnat and swallow in which the concurrence of the House of Representatives was re­ camels, as you are constantly doing in the voting of appropriations quested: for governmental expenditures. We all know that if there was S. 305. An act making an additional appropriation for a public a surplus ever earned by the postal service it would be frittered building at the city of Seattle, in the State of Washington; away at some place or on some object of much less advantage to S. 226. An a'Ct for the relief of the heirs of Philip C. Rowe; the general public. S. 1008. An act for the relief of William 0. Dodge; Such bas always been the rule. The Government uses in one S. 2630. An act for the relief of the legal representatives of way or another all it gets its hands on, and if it is not river and Merrick, Merrick & Cope; harbor bills, steamship subsidies, and the like, it is such unneces­ · S. 2035. An act providing for the use by the United States of sary and wasteful expenditures as maintaining a war in the Phil­ devices invented by its naval officers while engaged in its service ippine Islands. · and covered by the letters patent; The SPEAKER. The time of the gentleman ha;s expired. S. 373. An act for the relief of A very D . .Babcock and wife, of Mr. GREEN of Pennsylvania. I ask for a few minutes more. Oregon; Mr. LOUD. I call for a vote. • S. 2384. An act to reimburse certain persons who expended The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Pennsylvania asks for a moneys and furnished services and supplies in repelling invasions few minutes more. Is there objection. (After a pause.] The and suppressing Indian hostilities within the Territorial limits of Chair hears none. the present State of Nevada; Mr. GREEN of Pennsylvania. There is not a single branch of S. 1231. An act for the relief of Virginia I. Mullan, of Annap­ the Government whose running expenses are not entirely paid by olis, Md.; the taxes of the people. There is not a single large department S. 1759. An act for the relief of William A. Richards, late in which reforms can not be made which will lower the running surveyor-general of Wyoming; ex-penses to an amount in excess of the amount it is claimed this S. 2519. An act for the relief of Mrs. A. C. Wagner; bill will save the Government. Suppose we begin there, for in S. 744. An act for the relief of James Emerson, late a private of that waste the people derive no benefits or privileges. · Company I, Nineteenth Maine Infantry; There is not a college in the land in which the students pay the S. 2085. An act for the correction of the military record of running expenses. If they were obliged to, few would be able to Francis A. E. Briot; receive a higher education. Millions have been donated by wise S. 2112. An act authorizing the Secretary of the Treasury to fix and liberal rich men for buildings, dormitories, instruction halls, the salaries of the deputy collectors of customs at the subports of and libraries; millions more to pay professors who teach the Tacoma and Seattle, in the State of Washington, and repealing all students, until you find that but a small per cent of the annual laws inconsistent nierewith; expenses of the ti-eat institutions of learning are paid by those S. 2082. An act for the relief of the children of Matthew J. J. who receive the direct benefit. Cagle; · This is so with our hospitals and our many great charitable S. 235?.. An act to authorize the judges of the district courts of institutions, and not only do private persons but the State and the United States to appoint stenographic reporters, fix the duties local governments where they are located also largely contribute. a:p.d compensation thereof, and for other purposes; and This is for the good of the pubiic, or, to quote the Postmaster­ S. R. 100. Joint resolution for the printing of additional copies General, "on the ground of public policy." of the Report of the Governor of Alaska for 1899. I see no objection in obliging news dealers to ship back unsold The message also announced that the Senate had passed with· newspapers, periodicals, and books by freight and thus relieving out amendment the bill H. R. 4008, "An act to establish light and the mails of the matter, expensive to the Government and of no fog stations tomarkthemainsouthern entranceof the newbreak­ particular use to the public. For such a change I would cheer­ water at Buffalo, N. Y." fully vote, as I believe it an abuse. Yet I am not so sure that this The message also announced that the Senate had insisted upon can not be changed by departmental ruling under the law. As I its amendments to the bill (H. R. 9279) making appropriations to reaa the postal laws I find no warrant for the practice. supply additional urgent deficiencies in the appropriations for the So, also, the requiring of the assortment of mail matter under ti.seal year ending June 30, 1900, and for prior years, and for other fair rules and regulations. This should not apply to the shipments purposes, disagreed to by the House of Representatives, bad agreed of county newspapers sent to post-offices which can, with the to the conference asked by the Honse on the disagreeing votes of present corps of assistants, readily handle all mail matter, but the two Houses thereon, and had appointed Mr. HALE, Mr. ALLI­ should be limited in its operation to the great distributing centers SON, and Mr. COCKRELL as the conferees on the part of the Senate; .1900. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 3193

The message also announced that the Senate had passed the fol­ from the copies sent to regular subscrfbers, may be mailed at a postage charge of half a cent for every 2 ounces or fraction thereof dispatched to one lowing resolution: address, payable by stamps, to be attached. Senate concurrent resolution 24: Resolved b11 the Senate (the House of Representatives concurring), That there The amendment reported by the committee was read, as follows: be printed ~,000 copies of a document entitled "The use of the Roentgen ray After the word "mailed," in line 25, insert the following: by the Medical Department of the United States Army in the war with Sp n "At the second-class rate a number not in excess of 50 percent of the bona (1898)," of whichl,OOOcopies shall be for the use of the Senate,2,000 copi for fi9-e subscri~tion list of said newspaper, magazine, or other periodical: Pro­ the use of the House of Representatives, and 2,000 copies for the use r the vid~d. That m no ~ase shall the nu.mber of sample copies so mailed exceed 500 War Department. copies of any one ~su~: And prov.ided further, That all sample copies of any second-class publicat10n mailed m excess of the number allowed herein at SECOND-CLASS MAIL MATTER. second-class rates shall be paid for." Mr. BROSIUS. Mr. Speaker, it has been said that three things Mr. CLARK of Missouri. Mr. Speaker, I have two amendments suffice for a speech-a fact, an illustration, and a sentiment. In which I desire to offer to the amendment of the committee: the five minutes I have I can only give one of each. The fact I In line 1, page 3, strike out" fifty" and insert "one hundred;" so that it offer is that under the present law millions of copies of standard will read: "not in excess of 100 per cent of the bona fide circulation." " literature, the best thoughts of the finest writers that the world On page 3, line 4, strike out the words "five hundred" and insert "two has known, find their way to millions of thirsty minds at a cost thousand;"_ so that it will read: "sample copies so mailed exceed 2,000 copies not beyond the means of the poorest. It is not possible to exag­ of any one ISSue." gerate the importance of this fact in a country whose welfare, Mr. LOUD. The committee has agreed to accept these amend- growth, and greatness must ever depend upon the dissemination ments. . of intelligence and virtue among the masses of the people. Mr. CLARK of Missouri. Mr. Speaker, I offer the followinO'0 The illustration is this: John Swinton was addressing a meet­ amendments, which I send to the Clerk's desk to have read. ing of Boston transcendentalists. He was interrupted by the The Clerk read as follows: question: ''What do you think was the greatest thing of the age?" Strike out the word "fifty," in line 1, page 3, and insert the words ''one Mr. Swinton replied, "I think the greatest thing of the age was hundred." . In line 4, page 3, strike out the words "five hundred" and insert the words the introduction of Calahan to Cadmus." The Yankee transcen­ "two thousand." dentalists were puzzled. For once they had encountered some­ thing they could nut penetrate. This elusive parable was too Mr. CLARK of Missouri. Mr. Speaker, these amendments mean much for them, and Mr. Swinton had to explain that Calahan in this; That iJ?-stead of p~blishers of newspapers and periodicals the Tempest was an undeveloped, deformed creature, the type of havmg the right to pubhsh sample copies of each and every issue the mentally undeveloped, deformed masses of humanity, and ~P to '.' 50 per ~ent" of their regular subscription ist, as the orig­ Cadmus was the old Phamician inventor of letters who, when he mal bill provides, and to send them through the mail at the one­ taught Calahan to read, led him to think, and that the result was, cent-a-pound rate, if my amendment is adopted they will have the as a matter of course, the intellectual development of the human right to so issue and send through the mails at the 1-cent rate to race. fApplause.] poi~ts outside their ~ot;tntie.s a number equal to "100 per cent'_' of Now I add what may pass for a sentiment. Any system of dis­ their regular subscr1pt10n list. The other half of my amendment seminating intelligence that makes knowledge an open letter i:q­ raises the maximum number of sample copies of any one issue stead of a sealed book, that makes the best reading accessible to from "five hundred," as provided by the bill, to "two thousand." the poorest people, that puts a good book at trifling cost in the Inside the county of publication as provided by the amendment hands of an indigent child, that plants the seeds of knowledge at of the gentleman from Ohio [Mr. BROWN] there is no limit what­ every fireside and adorns with the trophies of learning every ever on sample copies. home in all the land is the introduction of Calahan to Cadmus The committee has agreed with me to accept these amendments. The SPEAKER. The time of the gentleman has expired. These amendments, together with others to be offered by the gen­ l\Ir. BROSIUS. Mr. Speaker, I ask for two minutes, to com- tleman from Minnesota [Mr. HEATWOLE], who is a country editor plete a sentence. . himself, and by the gentleman from New York [Mr. RAY], and The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Pennsylvania asks for by the gentleman from Iowa [Mr. HULL], take good care of every two minutes. more. Is there objection? [After a pause.] The legitimate paper or publication in the United States, whether Chair hears none. · daily, weekly, twice a week, monthly, or quarterly, whether pub­ Mr. BROSIUS. Every sale of the cheap reprints of the standard lished in the city or in the country. productiOns in literature and art, every carload, shipload, or The Loud bill, so called, now before the House is a consider­ wagonload of the best thoughts of the greatest thinkers in all the able improvement on the Loud bill of the last Congress. With ages distributed at the smallest cost to those who can ill afford to my amendments and others it is a vast improvement and as good purchase costlier editions is the introduction of Caliban to Cad­ as we are likely to get, if we are ever to pass a law excluding from mus, and it must be in the nature of things that immeasurable the 1-cent-pound-rato privilege the fake periodicals which have benefits come to the human family from such inexpensive means produced a. huge deficit in the postal revenues and which have of feeding the intellectual hunger of the land. I am not willing, brought the whole business into disrepute. I helped kill the Loud by making it expensive, to lessen this stream of beneficence or bill in the last Congress, and will help kill the present bill unless seal up this fountain of blessing to my country; and therefore I the House adopts my amendments and others which, in my judg­ a~ constrained to vote against this measure. [Applause.] I ment and the judgment of country editors on this floor, fully withdraw the proforma amendment. protect the privileges now enjoyed by legitimate publishers. Mr. STEELE. In response to the gentleman from Pennsylvania In the last Congress I delivered a speech in defense and praise rMr. BROSIUS] I desire only to make this suggestion: That if of the countryeditor, which was the mostwidelycirculatedspeech Calahan and Cadmus are sent through the mails, there is no excuse that I ever delivered here-circulated by the public press, not by for returning any portion of them as second-class matter. me. I reaffirm here and now every word I said then, and if it were In this connection I desire to publish in the RECORD a letter not too great a stretching of the privilege to extend remarks in from as good a man as ever lived, which bears d.irectly on the the Record I would make that speech part of this speech. Then question of returning unsold newspapers and periodicals: I gave the country editor his meed of praise; to-day I am endeavor­ PERU, IND., March 19, 1900. ing to confer upon him, and through him upon his readers, some MY DE.AR MAJOR: Regarding my recent letter to you asking your aid in practical and substantial benefit, for country editors must be defeating the Loud bill, will confess that I had only read the passages sent ranked by all rati.onal beings among the most indefatigable and out by the c9mpanies and publishers, and, after reading through the report on same, which you kindly sent me, I am "emphatically" of thesame opinion successful of public educators. I once had the honor to be a. as Mr. Wash. Hesing. page 21, and were I in your position should not hesitate country editor myself, and my interest in and friendship for mem­ to vote for it. '.rhanking you again for your kind attention in this matter, bers of that iraternity will perish only with life itself. I am, very respectfully, ever, PLINY 1\1. CRUME. In my opinion, if the chairman of the Committee on Post-Offices GEORGE w. STEELE, M. c., Washington, D. a. and Post-Roads [Mr. LouD], whose capacity, courage, and integ­ Mr. HENRY of Mississippi. I offer the amendment which I rity are admitted· on all hands, had been as conciliatory on the send to the desk. matter of amendment in the last Congress as he is in this, he The Clerk read as follows: would have gotten through his bill cutting off the fa,,ke period­ icals and curing the deficit, and at the same time legitimate pub­ • I? section 2, line ~7. page 2, after the word "shall,11 strike out "not," and m lme 18, page 2, strike out all of section2 after the word "publications." lishers would have been left in the full enjoyment of all their The question being taken -on agreeing to the amendment it legitimate privileges. was rejected, there being on a division·(called for by Mr. HE~RY Tuesday morning, before this bill was taken up, I went to the of l\Iississippi)-ayes 54, noes 75. chairman [Mr. LOUD] and to the committee, and proposed to them J\ir. LOUD. I now move to close debate on this section. that if they would accept my amendments and others in my judg­ The motion was agreed to. ment necessary to protect legitimate publishers, particularly_ country editors, and if these amendments were adopted by the The next section of the bill was read, as follows: House, I would support the bill. Otherwise I would fight it to SEO. 3. That afttr the formal admission to the mails as second-class matter of anr newspaper or pe.riodical ~der the conditions l>rescribed by section 5 the death. I intend to keep my word. The chairman [Mr. of th rs act, sample copies of any ISsue thereof, not diifering in any ·respect LouD] and the committee agreed to accept my amendments and 3194 OONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. MA.ROH 22,

certain others, and if the House accepts them I will Yote for the by shutting these fake periodicals and advertising sheets out from bill. the privilege of 1-cent postage. A MEMBER. Was that a trade? Jn addition to the two amendments just read at the Clerk's desk, Mr. CLARK of Missouri. Yes, it was a trade-an honest, legiti­ I have two others, whlch the committee agrees_to accept. One of mate trade. You mu.st understand that concession is the only them substitutes the words " bona fide" for the word "legiti· method of accomplishing things here. I get what I think is right mate," as applied to "circulation," in line 10, page 4s and by for legitimate publishers and the committee cures part of the striking out, in lines 10and11, page 4, the words "who voluntarily deficit. I would concede or compromise nothing-not an iota-on order and pay, or agree to pay, for the same," thereby cleiring a question of principle, but on matters of detail concession or up an ob~curity as to what conEtitn.tes circulation and as to who compromise is the secret of securing legislation, The committee are subscribers. concedes to me the principle for which I contend and the details Some of our friends appear to think that the 1 cent a pound also. postage rate under which paper... covered books have been sent This agreement as to the acceptance of my amendments and through the land as "periodicals" is the sole cause of cheap books. others deemed necessary to protect the legitimate press, especially This is a mistake, however. It may be that the 1 cent a pound the country press, was brought about largely through the kind postage rate has contributed to it; but the prices of all books, no offices of my friend from Georgia, Judge GRIGGS, who is not matter how bound and no matter whether sent through the mails only an able member of the House, but who at all times and un­ or sold over the counter, has come down-not only come down, der all circumstances has demonstrated that he is the unwavering but come down wonderfully-in these latter days. The real cause friend of the country press and of all legitimate publications. of the fall is the multiplication of labor-saving devices and cheaper The situation is this: Owing to the large deficit in the postal freight rates. revenues, either to-day or some other time, a bill like the present One of the books which I have owned the longest-bought when one will pass Congress without amendment and cut off the sam­ I was a mere youth-is Buckle's History of Civilization in Eng­ ple-copy privilege of cheap postage rates entirely. For that reason land-one of the greatest books ever written-in two large vol­ I and others have thought it better to secure by amendment what umes, bound in muslin. I paid 88 for it-nearly one-fourth of my legitimate publishers need, what they want, and what they must then monthly pay as a country school-teacher. That book, printed have in order to enable most of them to sui·vive, rather than run in the same sort of type, on the same quality of paper, and in the the l'isk of losing all by simply making a stubborn fight against same kind of binding, can be purchased in any bookBtore 1n. W a.sh· the entire bill, good and bad features alike. ington for $1 or a dollar and a half. Yet it must always rank That the deficit in the postal receipts ought to.be cured, if it can among the high-priced books; for, though a marvelous work, be done without injury to any legitimate enterprise or pursuit, is it never was and never will be a popular book or have such a admitted by a vast majority of all men of all parties. The deficit tremendous circulation as .Macaulay, Dickens, or Scott. The is 6,000,000 per annum now. 1-cent postage rate had nothing, absolutely nothing, to do with This bill as amended proposes to do it by shutting out from the that fail of price, for no book bound in boards, cloth, muslin, 1-cent-a-pound rate fake periodicals and publications. It is sug­ leather, or morocco ever went through the mails at that rate. gested that the entire evil could be corrected by scaling down the Another example: In my library at home I have a nice edition pay of the railroads for carrying the mails. That may be true. of Thackeray, in 10 volumes, bound in muslin, for which, in 1882, 1f the rates are too high they ought to be scaled down. I will I paid $15-the wholesale price. Just as handsome a set of Thack­ cheerfully vote for a bill to scale them down if it is shown that eray can now be purchased for $3 or 4, perhaps less. they are higher than they ought to be; but there are so many con­ At home I have all the standard poets. They cost me, on an av· flicting statements, not only as to whether they are too high but erage, about $4 each. During the holidays I ran across a book· even as to what they are per ton per mile, that nothing short of a store down on the avenuewhereicould buy them at 25 cents each, patient, careful, thorough examination will throw much light in reasonably good type, on fairly good paper, bound in muslin or upon that vexed subject. Such an investigation is now being cloth, and brand new. I bought a set at that price so as to have made by the postal commission. Until it makes its report I sup­ them handy and so as not to bother Brother Spofford so much. pose that question is up in the air. At any·rate, it is not before These books were not sent by mail at the 1-cent rate or any other the House now. rate. The rate of postage had nothing to do with the price. The proposition to cut down the railroad mail rates in no way I am sure that I would not vote to put a tax on knowledge. I is mixed up with or antagonistic to the pending proposition. The sympathize with the poor boy in his aspirations and struggle for disposition appears to be to play off one against the other. When information, for I was as poor a boy as ever grew to lusty man· the fake publications are attacked and an effort is made to cut off hood in the hill country of Kentucky. I am poor yet. My chil· their rich perquisites, which no Congress ever intended to confer, dren are poor. I am a lover of books. I can not remember a day in order to cure the deficit, they put on a virtuous air and say: when I was not. I am glad paper-covered books are cheap; also The deficit is caused by the railroad mail rates. Cut them down. muslin-bound books, cloth-bound books, leather-bound books, I suppose when an e~orl shall l;>e made here. to scale down t.herail­ morocco-bound books, books in every binding. But, to save me, road mail rates the railroads will take the mnocent and virtuous I do not see any reason why paper-bound books-books, mark tack and say~ you-should go through the mails at 1 cent per pound and the same books, printed by the same men, on the. same types and Yes, the deficit ought to be cured; but the fake publications produce it. Shut them out and all will be lovely. presses, should go at 8 cents per pound if they happen to be bound in boards, muslin, leather, etc. It seems to me that what is sauce If the fake publishers can succeed now, and the railroads then, for the goose is sauce for the gander; that if one sort of books the deficit never will be cured; and the people, who in the end is sent through the mails at 1 cent a pound all sorls should be foot all the bills, will continue to pay the piper. sent at the same rate. We should go the whole hog or none. The Postmaster-General, who ought to know what he is about, Some of my friends seem to think that publishers would quit and who is the editor of a newspaper himself, estimates that this printing and sending out paper-covered books if this bill is bill will save $20,000,000 annually to tax-payers. Why not pass passed, or would put up the price enormously. Without being a it, make that enormous., saving, and then· proceed to consider the prophet, or the son of a prophet, I predict that nothing of the sort railroad-mail pay when we get the information which the postal will happen. There will be just as many books published, just as commission is accumulating? many books sold, and the price will not go up one cent by reason ~ Whatever we can save by cutting down the pay of the railroads of the passage of this bill. These publishers publish these books, for carrying the mails we will add to the $20,000,000 to be saved not as a matter of philanthropy and in the cause of education, by this bill if it is passed. but to make money for themselves, just as farmers raise corn, But it may be asked: wheat, hogs, cattle, and horses to make money. Because we pass What will we do with the surplus? this bill, they will not go off in a huff and quit making money. Never bother about that. It is dead easy. Penny postage for They will simply send the bulk of their books to their agents by letters, rural free mail delivery, more daily rural mail routes, are freight instead of loading down the mails with them. If they put all demanded by the people; and the answer by the Department to up the price, other energetic printers will start publishing houses these demands is: and print these books as cheaply as now. These requests ought to be granted; but there is a large deficiency in the In my judgment, this bill, with my amendments and the others, postal revenues now, and we can do nothing. instead of hurting the rural press, will help it; because, if the I am in favor of every proposition to make our mail service fake periodicals and the mere adveTtising sheets are shut out of more efficient-·a thing that can not be done so long as this deficit the mails they are done for; but the advertisers will advertise stares us in the face. somewhere-never doubt that-and they will then, of necessity, What we are confronted with now is a large deficit in the postal advertise in the rural press. i·eceipts-a part of which deficit is produced by fake periodicals Some of these fake concerns, made up essentially of advertise· being carried through the mails at the low rate of 1 cent per ments, but masquerading as magazines, have enormous circula· pound; and it is proposed to cure the deficit, partially, as every­ tions-that is, the publishers have the names of millions of per• body admits-wholly, as five Postmasters-General have declared- sons to whom they send "sample copies," carried through the 1900. 1. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 3195

mails at the expense of the taxpayers, who have to make up the tents the best periodical literature of the world twenty-five years annual deficit in the postal revenues. ago. One of them, I understand, gets $4,000 a page for advertise- The weight of the New York daily papers now probably exceeds ments. the weight of the entire second-class mail of that city thirty years Shut them up and the country editor will come into his own ago. In every county in the United States that has a population again in the advertising business in his own bailiwick-a busi- of 10,000 people we ·now find an eight-page weekly, and in every ness which has been taken away from him to a large extent, of city of 10,000 people we find an eight-page daily, and in every city late years, by these fake magazines. of 25,000 people Sunday editions of sixteen to thirty-six pages- . Mr. SNODGRASS. I desire to offer an amendment to the such as were known only to metropolitan joumalism twentyyears amendment. · ago-appear regularly. rApplause.] The SPEAKER. There is an amendment to the amendment The SPEAKER. The time of the gentleman has expired. now pending. The question is on the amendment offered by the Mr. COCHRAN of Missouri. I ask unanimous consent for five gentleman from Missouri. If no one opposes that amendment, minutes more. the Chair will put the question. The SPEAKER. The gentleman from :Missouri asks unani· Mr. COCHRAN of Missouri. I desire to oppose the amendment. mous consent that his time be extended five minutes. The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Missouri [Mr. COCHRAN] Mr. McPHERSON. I object. is recognized in opposition to the amendment. The SPEAKER. Objection is made. Mr. COCHRAN of Missouri. Mr. Speaker, I oppose the amend- Mr.-LOUD. I move to close debate on this amendment. ment because with or without the amendment I should still be The SPEAKER. Debate is exhausted on this amendment. opposed to the passage of this bill. Mr. COCHRAN of Missouri. A parliamentary inquiry, Mr. It has been said here that this or that paper-covered book is ad- Speaker. mitted to the mails, and this or that book bound in cloth or linen The SPEAKER. The gentleman will state it. is not to be admitted to the mails. What of it? Comparison of Mr. COCHRAN of Missouri. Who made the objection? the relative merits of different books may be instructive as a liter- I Mr. McPHERSON. I made the objection, so that we can get ary exercise, but have speeches dealing with such matters anything along with this bill. to do with the merits of the bill now under consideration? If the Mr. COCHRAN of Missouri. I just wanted to look ~tyou; that arguments that have been made in this vein are of anyvalue, it is is all. rLaughter.) in that they show that an unreasonable discrimination is now Mr. McPHERSON. Yes; you can look at me. made between books bound in paper and books bound in cloth and The SPEAKER. The House will be in order. The Chair will I think the speech of my colleag'\le [Mr. CowHERDl conclusively state that the amendment offered bythegentlemanfrom Missouri shows that instead of further restriction we should have greater r:Mr. CLARK] was an amendment to an amendment. There has liberality in the use of the mails, for the purpose of circulating oeen a speech in favor of it and a speech against it, and, without _printed literature of all kinds. limiting debate, the question now is on agreeing to the amendment How does it happen, Mr. Speaker, that at no time has the pro- of the gentleman from Missouri. posed retrenchment taken the shape of a proposed reduction of the Mr. SNODGRASS. I desire to know if it is in order to offer a ratespaidforcarryingsecond-classmatter? Whenwasthepresent substitute for the committee amendment and the amendment rate fixed for carrying the mails in this country? A good many offered 'by the gentleman from Missouri? years ago. Was it profitable to the carriers then? Gentlemen The SPEAKER. The Chair thinks the amendment to the com· who favor this bill say that the amount of second-class matter has mittee amendment should be voted upon before the substitute is quadrupled over and over again. If it was profitable, before this offered. large increase took place, to carry it at the rate now paid, would The amendment to the amendment, offered by Mr. CLARK, of not a lower rate be justified by the larger volume of mail now Missouri, was agreed to. carried? Why is the same rate paid on the vastly larger volume Mr. SNODGRASS. Now, I desire to offer a substitute. of traffic? The SPEAKER. The Chair understands the gentleman to offer Rates for carrying all other classes of freight have been low- a substitute for the committee amendment. Let it be reported. ered. Why should the rates paid by the Government remain Mr. CLARK of Missouri. Mr. Speaker, a question for informa­ unchanged? It has been stated on high authority, and I assume tion. That amendment which I offered contained two amend.. the statement is correct, that there are special trains running on ments, in one sense. I want to ask the Speaker if they were both the railroads into the great cities of this country which carry agreed to? only the milk consumed by the metropolitan populations. Some The SPEAKER. The amendments were both put and agi·eed of them run 100 miles, making the return trip laden with empty to by the House. milk cans. These special trains are run at a high rate of speed, Mr. CLARK of Missouri. That is all right. and the rate paid for carrying the milk is a great deal less than The S.PEAK"ER. The Clerk will report the substitute offered the rate paid by the Government for second-class mail matter. by the gentleman from Tennessee [Mr. SNODGRASS]. Gentlemen say that because a linen-covered book is excluded . The Clerk read as follows: from the mails, therefore we should exclude the paper-covered Amend by striking out all of section 3, after the word "rate,, in line 1, books. When asked why we might not admit books bound in page 3. durable form instead of excluding those bound in paper, we are The SPEAKER. The Chair is of the opinion that this amend-· told that the increase in the weight of the mails would be pro- ment will not be in order until the committee amendment is digious. If so, would not so large a traffic warrant a large re- adopted. · duction in the rate paid for carriage? Mr. Chairman, this discussion has proven that what we want Mr. SNODGRASS. I desire to be recognized to offer it after that. • is a revision of the postal regulations as wen as a reduction in the The SPEAKER. The Chair will secure the gentleman his rates paid to common carriers; reclassification of the mails and abandonment of the absUl'd and insane practice of paying the rights. The question is on tM amendment reported by the com· same rates for carrying all classes of what is now termed second- ~i1,8:~mendment was aureed to. class mail matter. The transmission of letters and daily news- 0 . . papers calls for lightning express trains, but a large part of the The SPEAKER. The ge~tleman from Tennessee IS reeogn:zed. mail now classified as second class conld be shipped on freight Mr. SNODGRASS. I desire to offer the amendment which trains without loss or inconvenience to anybody. offered a moment ago. . Iv Mr. Chairman, it is assumed generally that the increase in the . The amendment was agam read, as follows: _ weight of second-class matter is attributable largely to abuses of Amend by striking out all of section 3, aft-er the word "rate,,, in line 1, the postal laws. The history of the printer's art for twenty-five page 3. years furnishes the true explanation of what the friends of this Mr. SNODGRASS. I can not see, Mr. Speaker, any good reason bill regard as a public evil. Twenty-five years ago you could for this strike at the country press, and I think the law should be count on your fingers the newspapers that published sixteen-page left to stand as it is, or as it would be should the substitute be Sunday editions. At a later period an eight-page country weekly adopted. The amendment secured by the gentleman from Mis­ paper was regarded as something extraordinary. souri protects them to some extent, but it does not go far enough. Twenty-five years ago there were only a few literary monthlies It provides that the number of their sample copies shall not exceed of prominence, and they were. sold at from three to six dollars a their subscription list. Now, under that amendment, if a news· year. What do you find now? Hundreds of monthly magazines, paper is published in a county and has the circulation of only each a beautiful work of art. Modern typography, improved three, four, or five hundred and it should be desirable at any time presses, and processes which subsidize photography's miracles to that a thousand copies should be printed, it woµld be impossible the use of the artpreservativenowenablepublishers to·placein the to do so under that amendment. If there was a paper published hands of millions of readers magazines at 10 cents apiece excelling in a county and it had a circulation of 1,000 copies, such a paper in typographical excellence and in some respects in their con- could publish a thousand extra copies and circulate them.

11 3196 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. MA.ROH 22,

Now, then, if there are two papers in a county, as is usually the duced it at the solicitation and suggestion of some of the best edu· case, one having a circulation of a thousand and the other having cators in the country. Among others, I have a letter in my hand, a circulation of 500, a discrimination is made in favor of the one a duplicate of which has been read by my colleague from New having the largest circulation, and there can be no good reason for York [Mr. CUMMINGS]. I have introduced it to meet the objec· this. Everyone who is familiar with the conduct of country tion to this bill suggested by that letter. It seems to me that it newspapers knows that they very rarely avail themselves of the is broad enough and comprehensive enough in its terms to care privilege of circulating extra copies, and it is only on occasions or for the interests of these educational institutions. matters of importance to them and the people that they do so Mr. KLUTTZ. Have the amendment read again. avail themselves, and the Government is not hurt. The mails Mr. RAY of New York. Mr. Speaker, if I have time enough, I probably of the county only are burdened and only burdened for will have the amendment read again. . . · a short time. The SPEAKER. Let the amendment be again read in the gen· I must say that I can see no good reason here why their circula­ tleman's time. tion, if they should desire to occasionally enlarge it, should be The Clerk again read the amendment. limited to the amount of their usual circulation. I thfak we Mr. HULL. Mr. Speaker, I desire to offer an amendment to ought to encourage these institutions; and it is due them that we the amendment offered by the gentleman from New York. let the law stand as it is, giving them the privilege they now The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Iowa offers an amend­ have, so that if they can increase their circulation we have not mentto the amendment offered by the gentleman from New York, put any hindrance upon them. I say I am in favor of the gentle­ which the Clerk will report. man's amendment if I can not get any other; but his amendment The Clerk read as follows: does not go far enough.. · Strikeout in the third line the following words: " except those of so-called There ought not to be any limit put upon this matter at all. No business and commercial schools and colleges.'' good purpose is subserved by it, and every country newspaper Also strike out the following: "And also provided, That the circulation of ought to oppose every man in this Congress who offers himself for such publications through the mails at said rates shall not exceed 2,000 copies reelection who shall vote against them having this privilege, which of one issue except to regular subscribers." they rarely exercise, and, when they do, is usually for their ad­ Mr. HULL. Mr. Speaker, I want to say simply a word or two. vantage or to subserve some good purpose; and I say that those The commercial colleges in the part of the country I am familiar papers ought to castigate every man who would not permit them with are doing an excellent work. If the amendment of the gen­ to have thi.s privilege. I hope this substitute will be adopted. tleman from New York prevails, they are deprived of the priv­ There is no danger in adopting it. I think it is an outrage for ileges of the mail they now enjoy. I think they are educating a gentlemen to stand up here and contend that they shall be cir­ class of young people less able to bear the expense of an education cumscribed in the privilege which they have had for so long a than those attending other and higher institutions of learning. time. I now ask for a vote on my substitute. As to the next part of my amendment, striking out the restric· Mr. LOUD. Mr. Speaker, the abject the gentleman is seeking tion limiting colleges to 2,000 copies, the idea of sending out this to attain is all retained by the section in its present form. I as­ literature at all is to reach the large number of the young people sume that is what the gentleman intends. of the country where they would naturally draw students from; Mr. SNODGRASS. No. I want to preserve this law which and if you limit it to 2,000, you defeat the very object of al!owing secures to them the privilege of unlimited circulation. If my them to send them out, or at least you limit the good that comes amendment is adopted, they can circulate an unlimited number to them much below what would be desirable. I hope the two of sample copies. I do not know whether the provisions of the amendments will be adopted. With the changes made by the law secure them that, but my substitute will do it. amendments I offer, I am heartily in favor of the amendment Mr. LOUD. I will say, Mr. Speaker, that the present law does offered by the gentleman from New York. not, I think, even if it were liberally construed. The gentleman The SPEAKER. The question is on agreeing to the amendment seeks here now, by his amendment, to permit any publication, if offered by the gentleman from Iowa [Mr. HULL] to the amend· it should have but one subscriber, to circalate broadcast over this ment offered by the gentleman from New York [Mr. RA.Y]. land 100,000,000 copies. I do not believe the House wants to do it. Mr. LOUD. Mr. Speaker- I do not think this question is worthy of discussion, Mr. Speaker, The SPEAKER. Does the gentleman rise to oppose the amend­ and call for a vote. ment? The question was taken; and the Speaker announced that the Mr. LOUD. I do. As far as I am concerned, Mr. Speaker, I noes appeared to have it. am perfectly willing to accept the amendment of the gentleman Mr. SNODGRASS. Division, Mr. Speaker. from New York; but when it comes to extending this privilege to The House divided; and there were-ayes 77, noes 93. business colleges and flooding this country, as they are now, with Mr. SNODGRASS. Yeas and nays, Mr. Speaker. five millions at a time, thirty-five or forty to the pound, person· Mr. LOUD. That will cut off opportunity for amendments. ally I never can give my consent to that; and I ask for a division The question was taken on ordering the yeas and nays. of the amendment to the amendment offered by the gentleman The SPEAKER. Twenty-two gentlemen have arisen-not a from Iowa, as it involves two propositions, and then I move to sufficient number, and the yeas and nays are refused. The noes close debate on this section. We have but fifteen minutes left. have it, and the amendment is rejected. The SPEAKER. The gentleman from California demands a · Mr. LOUD. I move to close debate on the section, Mr. Speaker. division on the amendment to the amendment. The motion was agreed to. nir. MORRIS. Mr. Speaker- The Clerk read as follows: The SPEAKER. For what purpose does the gentleman rise? SEC. 4. That all periodical publications regularly issued from a known Mr . .MORRIS. I want to know whether a substitute to the place of publication at stated inter vals as frequently as four times a year by amendment offered by the gentleman from New York is in order? or under the auspices of benevolent or fraternal societies, t rade unions, or The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Iowa has really offered orders organized under the lodge system. and having a bona fide membership of not less than 1,000 persons, shall be entitled to the privilege of second-class two amendments to the amendment, and the first thing will be to mail matter: Provided, That such matter shall be originated and published dispose of these amendments. to further the objects and purposes of such society or order. Mr. MORRIS. When will a substitute for the amendment of· Mr. RAY of New York. Mr. Speaker, I offer the following fered by the gentleman from New York be in order? The SPE~:K,ER. The Chair understands the gentleman from amendment: Minnesota wants to offer a substitute to the amendment offered The Clerk read as follows: by the gentleman from New York [Mr. RAY]? Page 3, line 19, after the word " order ," insert the following: Mr. MORRIS. Yes, Mr. Speaker, I wish to offer a substitute " And p1·ovided f urther, That all univer ity, coll~ge , and school papers and publications, except those of so-called business and commercial schools and for the amendment offered by the gentleman from New York. colleges, whether published and circulated by the authorities of such uni­ The SPEAKER. That will be in order after the amendment versity, college, or school. or by the students thereof, or by any class, organ­ to the amendment offered by the gentleman from Iowa is dis­ ization, societ y, or fraternity compo30d of students of such univer sity, col­ posed of. The Clerk will read the first division of the amendment lege, or school, shall continue to be received and sent throu~h the mails as second-class matter in the same manner and with all the privileges accorded offered by the gentleman from Iowa, or the fil'st amendment. by law as it existed prior to the pas.sage of this act, and the same as though The Clerk read as follows: this act had not been passed: And also provided, Thatthe circulation of such publications through the mails at said rates shall not exceed 2,IXX> copies of Strike out, in line 3, the following words: 11 excapt those of so-called busi­ any one issue except to regular subscribers." ness commercial schools and colleges." • Mr. RAY of NewYork. Mr. Speaker,Ioffertheseamendments The SPEAKER. The question is on agreeing to the amend· in the interest of the schools, universities, and colleges of this ment to the amendment. country, and it seems to me there can be no objection to it what­ The question was taken; and on a division (demanded by Mr. ever. It is so carefully limited and guarded that it cares for the LOUD) there were 109 in the affirmative and 53 in the negative. interests of the Government, while at the same time it takes care So the amendment to the amendment was agreed to. of the educational interests of this great country. I have intro- The SPEAKER. The Clerk will report the second amendment. 1900. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 3197

The Clerk read as follows: The Clerk read as follows: Strike out of the proposed amendment the following: "And al.so provided, In line 2, page 5, afte1 the word "act," insert "having a subscription list That the circulation of such publications through the mails at said rates shall exceeding 5,000 copies." not exceed 2.000 copies of one issue, except to regular subscribers. The SPEAKER. If there be no objection, this amendment of The SPEAKER. The question is on agreeing to the amend­ the gentleman from Minnesota [Mr. HEATWOLE] will be consid­ me11t to the amendment. ered as pending. The Chair hears no objection. The question was taken; and on a division (demanded by Mr. Mr. OLMSTED. I ask unanimous consent that an amendment Loon) there were-104 in the affirmative and 59 in the negative. which I send to the Clerk's desk may be considered as pending. So the amendment to the amendment was agreed to. The Clerk read as follows: The SPEAKER. The question is now on the amendment as Amend by adding at the end of line 15, page 4, the following: amended. "Except publications by or under the auspices of benevolent or fraternal Mr. MORRIS rose. societies. trade unions, or orders organized under the lodge system." The SPEAKER. Does the gentleman from Minnesota [Mr. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to this amendment being MoR'RIS] desire to offer a substitute? considered as pending? The Chair hears none. Now, the Chair· Mr. MORRIS. Yes, sir. wouid like to know what the gentleman from Minnesota [Mr. The amendment sent to the desk by Mr. MORRIS was read, aB MORRIS] desires to do. Does he hold the floor or yield? follows: Mr. MORRIS. I ask a vote on my amendment. The question was taken on the amendment of Mr. 1\IoRRIS. Insert in line 13, page 3, after the word "year," the following: "by all r egularly incorporated institutions of learning and all strictly professional, The SPEAKER. The ayes appear to have it; the ayes have it, literary, historical, or scientific societies. including the bulletins issued by and the amendment is agreed to. the State boards of health and State experimental and scientific stations, or." Mr. COONEY. Division. In line 19. page 3, after the word "such," insert the word "institution." In line 19, page 3, after the word "order," insert "And prot'ided further, Mr. RAY of New York. I call for a division. In the first place, That such publications or any particular issue of any such publication shall a parliamentary inquiry. As I understood the amendment of the not be designed primarily for advertising pm·poses;" so that the section will gentleman from Minnesota [Mr. MORRIS], it appeared to be a su~ read as follows: "SEC. 4:. That all periodical publications regularly issued from a known stitute for the entire section. place of publication at stated intervals as frequently as four times a year by The SPEAKER. It was not. It was an amendment to the all regularly incorporated institutions of learning and all strictly profes­ amendment. sional. lit.erary, historical, or scientific societies, including the bulletins issued :Mr. RAY of New York. I ask to have it reported. by the State boards of health and State experimental and scientific stations, or by or unde1' the auspices of benevolent or fraternal societies, trade unions, l\lr. COONEY. I called for a division. or orders organized nnder the lodge system. and having a bona fide member­ The SPEAKER. Does the gentleman demand a division? ship of not less than 1,000 persons, shall be entitled to the privilege of second­ Mr. COONEY. Yes. class mail matter: Provided, That such matter shall be originated and pub· lished to further the objects and purposes of such institution, society, or Mr. COWHERD. I make. the point of order that it is too late. order: And provided further, That such publications or any particular issue Mr. COONEY. I called for it some time ago, but was not heard. of any such publication shall not be designed primarily for advertising pur­ The SPEAKER. If the gentleman says he demanded a division poses." before the Chair announced the result. the Chair will allow the The SPEAKER. · The Chair must hold that this is an inde­ division to be had. · pendent amendment, and the amendment of the gentleman from Mr. COONEY. I rose for that purpose. New York [Mr. RAY] must first be disposed of. The question is Mr. GROSVENOR. I rise to a point of order. on agreeing to the amendment of the gentleman from New York The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Missouri [Mr. CooxEY] as amended. demands a division. The amendment was agreed to. Mr. GROSVENOR. I make the point of order that the hour of Mr. MORRIS. I now move my amendment; and I wish to say 4 o'clock has arrived, and I insist on my point of order. only a few words. The SPEAKER. The hour of 4 o'clock has arrived-­ Mr. COX. Before the gentleman proceeds I want to ask him Mr. PAYNE. A parliamentary inquiry. one question. The SPEAKER. Let the Chair state the situation. The SPEAKER. Does the gentleman from Minnesota yield? Mr. PAYNE. A parliamentary inquiry, Mr. Speaker. Mr. MORRIS. Yes, sir. The SPEAKER; Not until the Chair states the situation, at 4 Mr. COX. As I caught the reading of the amendment of the o'clock, under the order. The hour of 4 o'clock having arrived, gentleman from Minnesota, it applies only to incorporated insti­ the previous question is ordered upon the bill and all pending tutions. Now, why should we not confer upon an individual the amendments. The gentleman from New York [Mr. PAYNE] ·rises same authority or privilege that we propose to confer upon a cor- to a parliamentary inquiry. poration? · Mr.PAYNE. When the gentleman from New York [Mr.RAY] Mr. CLARK of Missouri addressed the Chair. ·offered his amendment, and the gentleman from Iowa [.Mr. HULL] The SPEAKER. The gent!eman from Minnesota [Mr. MORRIS] offered an amendment to that, which was adopted, then the gen­ has the floor. _ tleman from Minnesota fMr. MORRIS] offered a substitute to the Mr. CLARK of Missouri. I want to ask unanimous consent to amendment of the · gentleman from New York, and then the have two amendments considered as pending when the bill is Speaker held that that was not a substitute, but an additional voted upon. The chairman of the committee agrees to this. amendment, to come in after the amendment of the gentleman The SPEAKER. Does the gentleman from Minnesota yield from New York. He so stated. I ask if that is not the parlia­ for this request of the gentleman from Missolll'i? mentary situation, and if the amendment of the gentleman from Mr. MORRIS. Yes, sir. Minnesota is not an additional paragraph added after the amend­ The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Missouri will state his me?lt of the gentleman from New York? request. Mr. WHEELER of Kentucky. A parliamentary inquiry. Mr. CLARK of Missouri. I want to have these two amend­ Mr. COONEY. I called for a division. Regular order. ments considered as pending when the bill is voted on. The SPEAKER. The House will be in order. The amendment The SPEAKER. The Clerk will read the two amendments offered by the gentleman from .Minnesota as a substitute was held which the gentleman from Missouri desires to offer and· have· not to be a substitute, but an amendment to the section. The pending. amendment of the gentleman from New York [Mr. RA.Y] was The Ulerk re.ad as follows: agreed to after it was amended on the motion of the gent:eman In line 10, on page 4, strike out the word "legitimate," and insert in lieu froffi Iowa [Mr. HULL], after which the amendment of the gen­ therPof "bona fide." tleman from Minnesota [Mr. MORRIS] was agreed to as an inde­ On i;age 4, in lines 10 and 11, strike out the words "who voluntarily order pendent amendment to the section. and pay, or agree to pay, for the same." Mr. WHEELER of Kentucky. Mr. Speaker, a point of order. Tee SPEAKER. If there be no objection, these amendments :Mr. MAHON, Mr. BROSIUS, and others. Regular order. will b3 cons: dered as pending. Mr. WHEELER of Kentucky. A parliamentary inquiry. Mr. GROSVENOR objected, but subsequentlysaid: Mr. Speak­ The SPEAKER. The gentleman will state it. er, I thought it best ·when I objected before that these amend­ Mr. WHEELER of Kentucky. The Speaker, on the suggestion ments should be acted on one by one. I now, at the request of of the gentleman from Ohio [Mr. GROSVENOR], announced that the gentleman from .Missouri, withdraw my objection. the hour had arrived when the previous question was considered The SPEAKER. Is there further objection? The Chair hears as ordered. But before that was done-- none; and the two amendments offered by the gentleman from The SPEAKER. The Chair did not make the announcement Missouri will be considered as pending. on the suggestion of the gentleman from Ohio. The gentleman Mr. HEATWOLE. Mr. Speaker- from Ohlo merely made the point of order that the hour of 4 o'clock The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Minnesota has the floor. had arrived. Mr. :MORRIS. I yield to my colleague. Mr. WHEELER of Kentucky. Well, the Chair, on his own :Mr. HEATWOLE. I wish to offer an amendment to be con­ motion, made the announcement. The parliamentary inquiry is -s~dered as pending. this: The Chair had recognized the gentleman from Missouri [Mr. 3198 ·coNGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. MARoii 22,

Coo~"'EY] to demand a division and the House was dividing. Mr. LOUD. What amendment is that, Mr. Speaker? I do not Now, I submit, sir, is it in order for any business to be transacted, think that was agreed to. . or even for the Chair to announce the hour for the previous ques­ The SPEAKER. That was the amendment offered by the gen· tion to be considered as ordered, while the House is dividing? tleman from Pennsylvania [Mr. OLMSTED]. The SPEAKER. The moment that the hour of 4 o'clock ar­ Mr. LOUD. Unanimous consent was not given as to that. rives the previous question cuts off all debate. There was no The SPEAKER. Unanimous consent was given that it be pend· division being made. The gentleman stated that he had asked for ing. a division. The Chair did not hear it. All are aware of the con­ Mr. LOUD. I hope the House will hear me for a moment, fusion which existed, each gentleman having some proposition he This amendment is not germane to this paragraph, desired to get in. The G'hair thinks it is too late to take a division Mr. OLMSTED. The amendment simply makes the fourth on that matter. and fifth sections correspond. Mr. OLMSTED. I ask that the time be extended one hour. l\.fr. MOON. Regular order. Mr. COX. I call for the i·egnlar order under the rule. The SPEAKER. The regular order is demanded. The ques­ Mr.PARKER of New Jersey, Mr. Speaker, a parliamentary tion is on agreeing to the amendment. inquiry. The question being taken, the Speaker announced that the The SPEAKER. The gentleman from New Jersey now rises to "noes" seemed to have it. a. parliamentary inquiry. Mr. OLMSTED. Division, Mr. Speaker. .Mr. PARKER of New Jersey. I desire to ask the Speaker, the The House divided; and there were-ayes 52, noes 97. right to a division having been recognized by the Chair, upon the Mr. OLMSTED. The yeas and nays, Mr. Speaker. [Cries of amendment offered by the gentleman from Minnesqta, is not that "No!" "No!"] an amendment which is still pending, so that a vote will be taken The question was taken on ordering the yeas and nays. upon it under the rule, now that we have got it into the House? The SPEAKER. Four gentlemen have arisen-not a sufficient The SPEAKER. It is notshu t off by the previous question at all. number; the yeas and nays are refused, the noes have it, and the Mr. RAY of New York. Now, Mr. Speaker, a parliamentary in­ amendment is lost. The Clerk will report the next amendment. quiry, or a request for unanimous consent, if it is proper. The Clerk read as follows: The SPEAKER. The gentleman will state it. On page 5, line 2, after the word "act," insert the following: "having sub­ Mr. RAY of New York. There was so much confusion when scription list exceeding 5,(XX) copies." the amendment or proposed amendment of the gentleman from -The question was taken; and the Speake1· announced that the Minnesota was read that I did not hear it, and I know members ''noes" appeared to have it. around me did not hear it, and we do not know what it was. In Mr. HEATWOLE. I ask for a division, Mr. Speaker. the first place, I desire to know whether it was considered as Mr. LOUD. The committee accepts that amendment. agreed to. The SPEAKER. The gentleman from California. accepts the The SPEAKER. lt was agreed to· by the Honse. amendment, but it is not within his power to make that the action Mr. RAY of New York. Well, then, if that is true, I now ask of the House, unanimous consent that that section be read for information as it Mr. LOUD. It is just a statement, Mr. Speaker. stands, with the amendments agreed to. · The SPEAKER. Does the gentleman from Minnesota demand Mr. MOODY of Massachusetts. Will it not be read when we a division? take a vote upon it, Mr. Speaker? Mr. HEATWOLE. I do. Mr. RAY of New York. I should like to know what it is. The House divided; and there were-ayes 116, noes 21. The SPEAKER. Without objection, the fourth section-­ So the amendment was agreed to. Mr. BURKE of Texas. Mr. Speaker- The SPEAKER. That concludes the amendments; and the The SPEAKER. Nobody will be recognized until the Chair question is on the engrossment and third reading of the bill. states the parliamentary situation. The fourth section as amended Mr. COONEY. Mr. Speaker, would it be in order now to ask will now be read, if there is no objection. unanimous consent that the fourth section of the bill be read? Mr. MOON and Mr. MAHON demanded the regular order. The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Missouri asks unani· Mr. OLMSTED. Mr. Speaker, a parliamentary inquiry. mons consent that the fourth section of the bill be read, The SPEAKER. The gentleman will state jt. :Mr. MOON. Regular order, Mr. Speaker. Mr. OLMSTED. Is it proper at this time for the Honse, by The SPEAKER. The regular order is demanded. unanimous consent, to extend the time for one hour before the Mr. MOON. . A parliamentary inquiry. previous question shall operate, to permit the completion of the The SPEAKER. The gentleman will state it. reading of the bill? Mr. MOON. Is it in order now to move that this bill be recom· Mr. BROSIUS and others demanded the regular order. mitted to the Committee on the Post-Office and Post-Roads? The SPEAKER. The regular order is demanded, which shuts The SPEAKER. Not at this stage. After the third reading of off th& unanimous consent. . the bill it will be. The question is on the engrossment and third Mr. BURKE of Texas. Mr. Speaker, a parliamentary inquiry. reading of the bill. The SPEAKER. The gentleman will stat@ it. The bill was ordered to be engrossed and read a third time. Mi'. BURKE of Texas. I wish to know if it is competent at Mr. GROSVENOR. I ask that the bill be read the third time. this stage of the proceedings to ask unanimous consent of the The SPEAKER. The bill will be read the third time. House that the bill as it now is in the hands of the Clerk be read, Mr. RICHARDSON. Does the gentleman demand the reading in order that we may vote intelligently and know exactly what of the engrossed copy, Mr. Speaker. we are doing? The SPEAKER. No. The gentleman asked for the reading of Mr. KLUTTZ. Mr. Speaker, I demand the regular order. the bill. The SPEAKER. It is not in order, because the regular order Mr. COOPER of Texas. Will it be read as amended? is demanded. · Mr. MOODY of Massachusetts. I call for order. Mr. PAYNE. Mr. Speaker, a parliamentary inquiry. The SPEAKER. Gentlemen are again appealed to to preserve The SPEAKER. The House will be in order. The Clerk will order on the :floor. · report the first pending amendment. Mr. CUMMINGS. A parliamentary inquiry. Mr. PAYNE. A parliamentary inquiry, Mr. Speaker. The SPEAKER. All gentlemen will be seated. A point of The SPEAKER. The gentleman will state it. order is pending, and it was well taken. Mr. PAYNE. Whether it will be in order, at the third reading Mr. CUMMINGS. Mr. Speaker, I rise to a parliamentary in.. of the bill, to have the bill read through from the beginning, with qniry. the amendments? The SPEAKER. The gentleman will state it. The SPEAKER. Thethirdreadingof the bill.can be demanded. Mr. CUMMINGS. I would like to know what became of the The Clerk will report the first pending amendment. amendment in regard to colleges which was introduced by the The Clerk read as follows: · gentleman from New York fMi., RAY]. On page 4, line 10, strike out the word "legitimate" and insert in lieu Mr. STEELE. I call for tne regular order. thereof" bona fide." Page 4, lines 10 and ll, strike out the words" who vo~­ The SPEAKER. It is a part of section 4. The Clerk will pro· untarily order and pay or agree to pay for the same." ceed with the reading. The amendment was agreed to; The bill was read the third time. The SPEAKER. The Clerk will report the next pending amend- The SPEAKER. The question is on the passage of the bill. ment. Mr. MOON. Mr. Speaker, I move that this bill be recommitted The Clerk read as follows: to the Committee on Post-Office and Post-Roads without instruc.. tions; and on that I call for the yeas and nays. Amend by adding, at the end of line 15, page i, the following: The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Tennessee moves to re· "Except publications by or under the auspices of benevolent or fraternal commit the bill to the Committee on Post-Office and Post-Roads. societies, trades unions, or orders organized under the lodge system." Mr. DALZELL. Mr. Speaker,. before that motion is put, there The SPEAKER. The question is on agreeing to the amend- is an amendment to section 6 which was not read by the Clerk­ 1nent. the amendment offered by the gentleman from Minnesota. 1900. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 3199

The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Pennsylvania is correct Showalter, Sparkman, Tayler, Ohio Weaver, Sibley, Stallings, Taylor, Ala.. Weeks, about that. Smith, Ill Stewart, N. J. Terry, Weymouth, The Clerk read section 6 as amended. Smith, H. C. Sulloway, Thomas, Iowa. White, The SPEAKER. The question is on the motion of the gentle­ Smith. Samuel W. Swanson. Thomas, N. C. Young. Smith, Wm. Alden Tate, Thropp, man from Tennessee to recommit the bill. Southard, Tawney, Underwood, Mr. MORRIS. Mr. Speaker, I call attention to the fact that section 4 has certainly been misread by the Clerk. My amend· So the motion to recommit was agreed to. ment was to amend by inserting so and so, "so that the section The following pairs were announced: shall read as follows'~-- On this vote: The SPEAKER. The gentleman forgets the fact that the Honse Mr. DE VRIES with Mr. D.A.VIDSO~. has ah'eady adopted an additional amendment to that section, so Mr. KAHN with Mr. WHITE. that the part of the amendment would not apply. That has been Mr. REEDER with Mr. ROBINSON of Nebraska, ruled upon. Mr. CORLISS with Mr. HAMILTON. The question was taken on the motion to recommit, and the Mr. WILSON of New York with Mr. GORDON, Speaker announced that the noes appeared to have it. · Mr. SIBLEY with Mr. SHACKLEFORD. Mr. MOON. Division. Mr. TAWNEY with Mr. HOFFECKER. Mr. COX and others. The yeas and nays. Mr. GR.A.HAM with Mr. DAYTON. The yeas and nays were o:rdered. Mr. FARIS with Mr. ROBlliSON of Indiana. The question was taken; and there were-yeas 148, nays 96, Mr. BABCOCK with Mr. KERR. . answered ''present" 16, not voting 90; as follows: Mr. THOMAS of Iowa with Mr. CANNON. YEAS-14.8. For this day: Adamson, Davenport, S. W. Little, Robertson, La. Mr. LOVERING with Mr. FITZGERALD of Massachusetts. Allen, Ky. Davey, Lloyd, Rodenberg, Mr. SHOWALTER with Mr. THOM.AS of North Carolina. Baker, Davis, Lorimer, Ruppert, Mr. HOPKINS with Mr. ALLEN of Mississippi. Bankhead, De Armond, Lybrand, Ryan,N. Y. Barney, De Gra1Ienreid, "ll'fnf"loll.,,... Ryan, Pa. Mr. LITTAUER with Mr. BRADLEY. Bartlett, Dinsmore, Mc~~ Salmon, Mr. SULLOWAY with Mr. CATCHINGS, Bell, Dougherty, McDowell, Scudder, Mr. WM. ALDEN SMITH with Mr. DALY of New Jersey. Bellamy, Dovener, McRae, Shafroth, Benton, Drit?l?S. Maddox, Sheppard, Mr. MARO~ with Mr. BREAZEALE, Beny, Driscoll, Marsh, Sims Mr. ACHESON with Mr. McLAIN, Boreing, Elliott, Meekison, · Slayden, Mr. YOUNG with Mr. DENNY, Brantley, Finley, Mercer, Smilll Brenner, Fitzgerald, N. Y. Mesick, Smith, Ky. Until further notice: Brewer, Foster, Meyer, La. Snod~ss, Mr. GAMBLE with Mr. NOONAN, Brosius, Gaston, Minor, Spal ' Mr. BISHOP with Mr. LEsTER. Brown, Gilbert, Moon, Spight, Brundidge, Glynn, Morgan, Stark, Mr. HENRY C. SIDTH with Mr. RANSDELL, Burkett, Green, Pa. Morris, Ste~hens, Tex. Mr. PUGH with Mr. TAYLOR of Alabama, Burleson, Grosvenor, Mudd, Sto es, Mr. WEYMOUTH with Mr. BROUSSARD. Burnett HalI, Muller, Sulzer, Ca.ldweil, Ha.y, Na.phen, Sutherland, Mr. SMITH of lliinois with Mr. GAYLE. Chanler, Henry, Miss. Neville, . Talbert, -Mr. SOUTHARD with Mr. NORTON of Ohio• Clayton, Ala. Henry, Tex. Newlands, Thayer, Mr. FOWLER with Mr. TERRY. Clayton, N. Y. Jenkins, Norton, Ohio Tompld.ns, Mr. EDDY with Mr. ROBB. Cochran, Mo. !ett, Norton, S. C. Turner, Cochrane, N. Y. ohnston, O'Grady, Vandiver, Mr. TAYLER of Ohio with Mr. Fox. Cooney, Jones, Va. Otey, Van Voorhis, Mr. GIBSON with Mr. TATE. Cooper, Wis. Jonest Wash. Pierce, Tenn. Wachter, Mr. McCALL ·with Mr. GAINES. Cox, Kitchin, Pearre, Watson, Crawford, Kleberg, Phillips, Wheeler, Ky. Mr. PRINCE with Mr. GRIFFITH, Crowley, Kluttz, Rhea., Ky. Williams, J. R.• Mr. FREER with Mr. SWANSON. Cummings, Lamb, Rhea, Va. Williams, W. E. Mr. BROWNLOW with Mr, CARMACK. Curtis, Landis, Richardson, Willia.ms, Miss. Cusack, Lanham, Ridgely, Wilson, Idaho Mr. CRUMP with Mr. UNDERWOOD. Cushman, Lentz, Riordan, Wilson, S. C. Mr. ADAMS with }Ir. MCALEER. Dahle, Wis. Levy, Rixey, Zenor, Mr. LOUDE~SLAGER with Mr. STALLINGS. Davenport, S. A. Lewis, Roberts, Ziegler. Mr. BuLL with Mr. BAILEY of Texas, until Friday. NAYS-96. Mr. GARDNER of Michigan with Mr. ATWATER, until March 24. Aldrich, Cowherd, Hill, Olmsted, Mr. POWERS with Mr. BERRY, until March 24. Alexander, Cromer, Hitt, Otjen, - Allen, Me. Dalzell, Howard, Overstreet, Until March 26: Bailey, Kans. Dick, Hull, Parker, N. J. Mr. HOWELL with Mr. THOMAS of North Carolina. Ball, Dolliver, Jack, Payne, Mr. THROPP with Mr. QUARLES. Barber, Emerson, Ketcham, Ray,N. Y. Barham, Esch, Knox. Russell, Mr. CRUMPACKER with Mr. MIERS of Indiana, until March 27. Bintham. Fleming, Lacey, Shattuc, Mr. GROUT with Mr. LIVINGSTON, until March 28. Boutell,lli. Fletcher, Lane, Shelden, Mr. SAMUEL W. SMITH with Mr. RUCKER, until April 5. Bowersock, Fordney, La.timer, Sherman, Brick, Foss Lawrence, Sperry, For the session: Bromwell, Gardner, N. J'. Linney, Sprague, Mr. REEVES with Mr. SPARKMAN. Burke, S. Dak. Gill, Littlefield, Steele, Mr. p ACKER of Pennsylvania with Mr. POLK, Burke, Tex. Gillet, N. Y. Long-, Steven8, Minn. Burleigh, Gillett, Mass. Loud, Stewart, N. Y. Mr. MIERS of Indiana. Mr. Speaker, I am pail'ed with the gen· Burton, Graff, McCleary, Stewart, Wis. tleman from Indiana, Mr. CRUMP.ACKER, on all political questions. Butler, Greene, Mass. McPherson, Tongue, I have no means of knowing how he would vote on this question, Calderhead, Griggs, Mann. Vreeland, and I desire to make the parliamentary inquiry whether it is proper JJampbell, Hau~en, Metcalf, Wa-0.sworth, Capron, Ha.way, Miller, Wanger, that I should vote? (,1ark, Mo. Heatwole, Mondell, Warner, The SPEAKER. That is not a parliamentary inquiry; the gen4 Clarke, N. H. Hedge, Moody I Mass. Waters, tleman must settle it for himself. Cooper, Tex. Henry, Conn. Moody, Oreg. ~?ise, Cousins, Hepburn, Needham, Wright~ Mr. FITZGERALD of Massachusetts. Mr. Speaker, I find that ANSWERED "PRESENT"-16. I am paired with my colleague, Mr. LOVERING. I voted "no." I Adams Gardner, Mich. Hamilton, Miers, Ind. wish to withdraw that vote and answer "present." Browitlow, Gibson, Kerr, Pugh, Mr. FITZGERALD'S name was called, and he answered" present." Cannon, Graham, Mahon, Underhill, May, Mr. GROSVENOR. I have a general pair with the gentleman Fitzgerald, Mass. Griffith, Wilson, N. Y. from Indiana, .Mr. ROBINSON. On the day tefore yesterday I tele· NOT VOTING-90. graphed to him, asking him how he stood on this question. He tele· Acheson, Crump, Gordon, McLain, graphed me that he opposed to the bill and desired to be Allen, Miss. crumwcker, Grout, Noonan, was Atwater, Daly, . J. Grow, Packer, Pa. paired with some one who was in favor of it. Therefore I have Babcock, Davidson, Hemenway Pearce, Mo. felt at liberty to vote against the bill. Bailey, TeL Dayton, • Hoffecker, Polk, Bartholdt, De Vries, Hopkins, Powers, Mr. GRAHAM. On this question I am paired with the gentle­ Bisho~ Denny, Howell, Prince, man from West Virginia, Mr. DAYTON, he opposing the bill and I · Bonte e, Me. Eddy, Joy, iua.rles, favoring it. Therefore I have refrained from voting. Bradley Faris, Kahn, ansdell, Mr. RAY of New York. Mr. Speaker, I wish to know whether Breazeale, Fit:yatrick, Lester, Reeder, Broussard, Fower, Litta.uer, Reeves, my name is recorded. Bull, Fox, Livingston, Robb, The SPEAKER. It is not. Carmack, Freer, Loudenslager, Robinson, Ind Mr. RAY of New York. During the first roll call I was in the Catchings, Gaines, Lovering, Robins:>n, Nebr. Connell, Gamble, McAleer, Rucker, committee room. During the second roll call I was on the floor Corliss, Gayle, McCall, Shacklerord, of the Honse and listening, bnt did not hear my name. I heard /

3200 CONGRESSIONAL REOORD-HOUSE. MARCH 22,

names which I knew were later than mine, and I tried to vote, but S. R. 100. Joint resolution providing for the printing of addi­ could not. tional copies of the Report of the Governor of Alaska for 1899- The SPEAKER. Was the gentleman listening for his name? to the Committee on Printing. :Mr. RAY of New York. Yes, sir; but some gentlemen were S. 2352. An act to authorize the judges of the district courts of talking to me, so that I did not catch it in time. the United States to appoint stenographic reporters, fix the duties The SPEAKER. The Chair will order the gentleman's name to and compensation thereof, and for other purposes-to the Com­ be called. mittee on the Judiciary. The name of Mr. RAY of New York was called, and he voted Senate concurrent resolution 24: "no." Resolved by the Senate (the House of Representatives concm '1"ing), That there Mr. SUTHERLAND. My colleague, Mr. ROBINSON of Nebraska, be printed 5,000 copies of a document entitled " The use of the Roentgen ray by the Medical Department of the Unite dStatesArmyin the war with Spain is absent on account of business. If present, he would vote" aye." (1898)," of which 1,000 copies shall be for the use of the Senate, 2,000 copies for Mr. MIERS of Indiana. I withdraw my affirmative vote and the use of the House of Representatives, and 2,000 copies for the use of the ask to be marked" present." War Department- Mr. KITCHIN. My colleagues from North Carolina, Mr. AT­ to the Committee on Printing. w ATER and Mr. THOMAS, are both necessa,rily absent. If they were WITHDRAW AL OF PAPERS, present and unpaired, they would vote in the affirmative on this particular question. Mr. FLYNN, by unanimous consent, obtained leave to withdraw The SPEAKER. These announcements by gentlemen in con­ from the files of the House, without leaving copies, the papers in nection with a roll call, as to how their colleagues or others would the case of David H. Mitchell, Fifty-sixth Congress, no adverse vote if present, is all out of order. If gentlemen have voted, they report having been made. have a right to cnange their votes; but announcements of mem­ And then, on motion of Mr. PAYNE (at 4 o'clock and 55 minutes bers that, if not paired, they would vote "aye" or'' no" are entirely p. m.) the House adjourned. outside the rule and are an unnecessary consumption of time. The practice has been permitted heretofore; but with the growing EXECUTIVE COMMUNICATIONS, ETC. . work of the session another line will hereafter be pursued. Under clause 2 of Rule XXIV, the following executive com­ Mr. McCULLOCH. In view of the ruling just made by the munications were taken from the Speaker's table and referred as Chair, I will not announce how my absent colleague [Mr. TERRY] follows: would vote; but I ask that he be excused on account of sickness. A letter from the Secretary of the Treasury, transmitting a copy The SPEAKER. That request is not in order at this time. of a communication from the secretary of the Light-House Board The result of the vote was announced as above stated. submitting an estimate of increase of cost for light and fog signal Mr. MOON. On behalf of gentlemen on both sidesof the House station at Toledo, Ohio-to the Committee on Appropriations, and who desired to speak on this bill and have not had the opportunity, ordered to be printed. · - I ask leave that members be allowed to print remarks in the A letter from the assistant clerk of the Court of Claims, trans­ RECORD. mitting a copy of the conclusions of fact and law in the case of Mr. PAYNE. That leave has already been granted for five days. brigantine Olive Bmnch, John Edwards, jr., master, against the Mr. MOON. My pl'Oposition was not quite understood. Leave United States-to the Committee on Claims, and ordered to be to extend remarks was granted yesterday; but that did not apply printed. to gentlemen who had not spoken at all. What I desire is that A letter from t]:i.e assistant clerk of the Court of Claims, trans­ leave to print may be granted in all cases. mitting a copy of the findings filed by the court in the case of Mr. PAYNE. I object to that. Trueman E. Cole, administrator of John W. Cole, deceased, The SPEAKER. The Chair understands that yesterday, when against the United States-to the Committee on War Claims, and the present occupant of the Chair was not presiding, leave was ordered to be printed. · given to gentlemen who had spoken to extend their remarks. LEAVE OF ABSENCE. REPORTS OF COMMITTEES ON PUBLIC BILLS AND Mr. POLK, by unanimous consent, obtained indefinite leave of RESOLUTIONS. absence on account of sickness. Under clause 2 of Rule XIII, bills and resolutions were sever­ SENATE BILLS REFERRED, ally reported from committees, delivered to the Clerk, and referred Under clause 2 of Rule XXIV, Senate bills of the following titles to the several Calendars therein named, as follows: were taken from the Speaker's table and referred to their appro­ Mr. CURTIS~ from the Committee on Indian Affairs, to which priate committees as indicated below: was referred the bill of the Senate (S. 3055) to ratify an agreement S. 305. An act making an additional a-ppropriation for a public between the Commission to the Five Civilized Tribes and the Sem­ building at the city of Seattle, in the State of Washingt-On-to the inole tribe of Indians, reported the same without amendment, ac­ companied by a report (No. 744); which said bill andrepor~ were Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds. referred to the House Calendar. S. 226. An act for the relief of the heirs of Philip C. Rowe-to Mr. STEPHENS of Texas, from the Committee on Indian Af­ the Committee on Claims. fairs, to which was referred the joint resolution (H.J. Res. 131) S. 1008. An act for the relief of William C. Dodge-to the Com­ suspending proceedings in the courts of the Indian Territory and mittee on Claims. before the Indian agent pending the enactment of legislation now S. 2630. An act for the relief of the legal representatives of Mer­ before Congress wherein the possessory rights of said Indians are rick, Merrick & Cope-to the Committee on War Claims. involved, reported the same without amendment, accompanied by S. 2035. An act providing for the use by the United States of de· a report (No. 748); which said joint resolution and report were re­ ·vices invented by its naval officers while engaged in its service and ferred to the House Calendar. covered by letters patent-to the Committee on Naval Affairs. Mr. CORLISS, from the Committee on Interstate and Foreign S. 373. An act for the relief of Avery D. Babcock and wife of Commerce, to which was referred the bill of the House (H. R. Oregon-to the Committee on Claims. 7503) to provide for the construction of a revenue cutter for use S. 2384-. An act to reimburse certain persons who expended in St. Marys River, Michigan, reported the same with amend! moneys and furnished services and supplies in repelling invasions ment, accompanied by a report (No. 749); which said bill and and in suppressing Indian hostilities within the territorial limits reportwerereferred to the Committee of the Whole House on the of the present State of Nevada-to the Committee on War Claims. S. 1231. An act for the relief of Virginia I. Mullan, of Annapo­ state of the Union. lis, Md.-to the Committee on Claims. S. 1759. An act for the relief of William A. Richards, late sur­ REPORTS OF COMMITTEES ON PRIVATE BILLS. veyor-general of Wyoming-to the Committee on Claims. Under clause 2 of Rule XIII, -private bills and resolutions were S. 2519. An act for the relief of Mrs. A. C. Wagner-to the Com­ severally reported from committees, delivered to the Clerk, and mittee on Claims. referred to the Committee of the Whole House, as follows: S. 744. An act for the relief of James Emerson, late a private of Mr. LOUDENSLAGER, from the Committee on Pensions, to . Company I, Nineteenth Maine Infantry-to the Committee on which was referred the bill of the House (H. R. 7022) to pension Military Affairs. Rhoda A. Patman, reported the same with amendment, accom­ S. 2085. An act for the correction of the mill tary record of panied by a report (No. 741); which i:mid bill and report were Francis A. E. Briot-to the Committee on Military Affairs. referred to the Private Calendar. S. 2112. An act authorizing the Secretary of the Treasury to fix . Mr. CURTIS, from the Committee on Indian Affairs, to which the salaries of the deputy collectors of customs at the subports of was referred the bill of the House (H. R. 7140) to authorize the Tacoma and Seattle, in the State of Washington, and repealing proper accounting officers of the Treasury Department to examine all laws inconsistent therewith-to the Committee on Ways and and audit, according to equity, the claim of Grubb & Robinson, Means. a firm consisting of Alfred B. Grubb and William H. Robinson, S. 2082. An act for the relief of the children of Matthew J. J, and of Alfred B. Grubb, for building material sold and delivered Cagle-to the Committee on War Claims. to members of the Prairie band of Pottawatomie Indians in Kansas, ' . 1900. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 3201

reported the same without amendment, acc.ompanied by a report tion 64 of an act entitled "An act to establish a uniform system of (No. 742); which said bill and report were referred to the Private bankruptcy throughout the United States," approved July 1, 1898- Calendar. to the Committee on the Judiciary. .Mr. CAPRON,from the Committee on Military Affairs, to which By Mr. BJNGHAM {by request): A bill (H. R. 9883) to inquire was referred the bill of the House (H. R. 533) to remove the charge into the reorganization of the Northern Pacific Railroad Com­ of desertion against George T. Titcomb and grant to him an hon­ pany and the disposal of lands belonging to the said Northern orable discharge, reported the same without amendment, accom­ Pacific Railroad Company by the Northern Pacific Railway Com­ panied by a report (No. 743); which said bill and report were re­ pany-to the Committee on Pacific Railroads. ferred to the Private Calendar. By Mr. SPAL DING: A bill (H. R. 9884) authorizing the con­ Mr. NEEDHAM, from the Committee on Claims, to which was struction of a bridge across the Red River of the North-to the referred the bill of the House (H. R. 4849) for the relief of Mary Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. Chambers, widow of Thomas Chambers, reported the same with~ By Mr. NAPHEN: A bill (H. R. 9885) authorizing the Post­ out amendment, accompanied by a report (No. 745); which said master-General· to consolidate the Quincy and Wollaston post­ bill and report were referred to the Private Calendar. offices, in the city of Quincy, in the State of Massachusetts-to the Mr. DEGRAFFENREID, from the Committee on Pensions, to Committee on the Post-Office and Post-Roads. which was referred the bill of the House (H. R. 5181 ) to increase By Mr. MIERS of Indiana: A bill (H. R. 9886) to restore cer­ the pension of John M. Smith, reported the same with amendment, tain widows to the pension roll-to the Committee on Invalid accompanied by a report (No. 746); which said bill and report Pensions. were referred to the Private Calendar. By Mr. TONGUE: A bill (H. R. 9887) to authorize construction of Mr. WEEKS, from the Committee on Pensions, to which was a revetment on right bank of the Willamette River, near Corvallis, referred the bill of the House (H. R. 528) granting a pension to Oreg.-to the Committee on Rivers and Harbors. Isabel B. Hamilton. reported the same with amendment, accom­ By Mr. BINGHAM: A bill (H. R. 9889) to incorporate the panied by a report (No. 747); which said bill and report were re­ National Association of Manufacturers-to the Committee on ferred to the Private Calendar. Manufactures. · Mr. HAUGEN, from the Committee on War Claims, to which By Mr. WISE: A bill (H. R. 9910) making appropriation for the was referred House bill 8539, reported in lieu thereof a resolution removal of an obstruction in the naval channel of Elizabeth River, (H, Res. 191) for the relief of John Patterson, accompanied by a Virginia, in the apprcach to the navy-yard, known as Hospital report (No. 750) ; which said resolution and report were referred Point-to the Committee on Rivers and Harbors. to the Private Calendar. By Mr. MUDD (by request): A bill (H. R. 9911) to cancel the Mr. OTJEN, from the Committee on War Claims, to which was assessment of water-main taxes on Brightwood avenue, in the referred the bill of the Honse (H. R. 9455) to carry out the find­ District of Columbia-to the Committee on the District of Co­ ings of the Court of Claims in the case of the estate of John A. lumbia. Huff, deceased, reported the same without amendment, accom­ By Mr. SCUDDER: A bill (H. R. 9912) to establish a light and ·panied by a report (No. 751); which said bill and report were re­ fog signal on the east breakwater, to mark the main entrance to ferred to the Private Calendar. the inlet of Port Jefferson Harbor-to the Committee on Inter­ Mr. HAUGEN, from the Committee on War Claims, to which state and Foreign Commerce. was referred House bill 3296, reported in lien thereof a resolution By Mr. LITTLE: A bill (H. R. 9913) to establish a National (H. Res. 192) for the relief of Henry Judge, accompanied by a Soldiers' Home hospital at Hot 8prings, Ark.-to the Committee report (No. 752); which said resolution ·and report were referred on Military Affairs. to the Private Calendar. By Mr. WHEELER of Kentucky: A joint resolution (H.J. Res. Mr. LOUDENSLAGER, from the Committee on Pensions, to 210) providing for survey of part of the Mississippi River, and which was referred the bill of the House (H. R. 3514) granting an making appropriations therefor-to the Committee on Levees and increase of pension to Mrs. M.A. C. Kaigler, reported the same Improvements of the Mississippi River. · with amendment, accompanied. by a report (No. 753); which said By M.r. SCUDDER: A joint resolution (H.J. Res. 211) direct­ _bill and report were referred to the Private Calendar. ing the Secretary of War to submit plans and estimates for the improvementoftheinlettoPort Jefferson Harbor, Suffolk County, CHANGE OF REFERENCE. N. Y.-to the Committee on Rivers a11d Harbors. Under clause 2 of Rule XX.II, committees were discharged from Also, a joint resolution (H.J. Res. 212) directing t.he Secretary the consideration of bills of the following titles; which were there­ of War to submit plans and estimates for the improvement of Par­ upon referred as follows: sonage Cove, in the town of Hempstead and county of Nassau, A bill (H. R. 5880) granting a pension to Jennie A. Kerr-Com­ N. Y.-to the Committee on Rivers and Harbors. mittee on Invalid Pensions discharged, and referred to the Com­ By Mr. HAWLEY (by request}: A concurrent resolution (H. C. mittee on Pensions. Res. 34) relating to the printing of Senate Documents Nos. 47 and A bill (H. R. 8835) granting a pension to Sallie A. Coon, widow 57-to the Committee on Printing. . of Joseph J. Coon-Committee on Pensions discharged, and re­ By Mr. CUMMINGS: Aresolution (H. Res.190) requesting the ferred to Committee on Invalid Pensions. President to transmit to the House correspondence relating to the A bill (H. R. 8190) granting a pension to Henry Miller-Com­ ''open door" in China-tq the Committee on Foreign Affairs.· mittee on Invalid Pensions discharged, and refelTed to the Com­ By Mr. FITZGERALDofMassachl}setts: A resolution (H. Res. mittee on Pensions. 193) relating to the payment of legal representatives of soldiers and officers dying in the service of the Government $50 for soldiers PUBLIC BILLS, RESOLUTIONS, AND MEMORIALS and $100 for officers-to the Committee on Military Affairs.· INTRODUCED. . By Mr. SPALDING: A memorial and resolution of the legisla­ ture of North Dakota, regarding building a dam in l\:Iouse River Under clause 3 of Rule XXII, bills, resolutions, and memorials and construction of a canal to increase volume of water in Devils of the followi:sg titles were introduced and severally refened as Lake-to the Committee on Rivers and Harbors. follows: · By Mr. BURKETT: A bill (H. R. 9878) for the improvement of the Missouri River at Nebraska City, in Otoe County, Nebr.-to PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS INTRODUCED. the Committee on Rivers and Harbors. Under clause 1 of Rule XXII, private bills and resolutions of By Mr. NEEDHAM: A bill (H. R. 9879) to detach certain coun­ the following titles were introduced and sev~rally referred as ties from the United States judicial district of northern California, follows: and to annex such counties to the United States judicial district By Mr. ALEXANDER: A bill (H. R. 9888) to place on the lineal of southern California; to divide said southern district of Califor­ list of first lieutenants thename of William K. Mccue and others­ nia into two divisions, and to provide for the holding of terms of to the Committee on Military Affairs. court at the city of Fresno and city of Los Angeles-to the Com­ · By 1\Ir. COCHRANE of New York: A bill (H. R. 9890) grant­ mittee on the Judiciary. ing a pension to Rebecca A. Heimstreet-to the Committee on By Mr. OTEY (by request): A bill (H. R. 9880) relating to the Invalid Pensions. . registration of trade-marks so as to include trade-marks used in By Mr. COONEY: A bill (H. R. 9891) granting to Pleasant E. interstate commerce-to the Committee on Patents. Miller a pension-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. By Mr. TOMPKINS: A bill (H. R. 9881) to prevent and -punish Also, a bill (H. R. 9892) granting an increase of pension to the desecration of the Hag of the United States-to the Committee Joseph A. McGuire-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. on the Judiciary. Also, a bill (H. R. 9893) to remove the charge of deserLion from By Mr. RAY of New York: A bill (H. R. 9882) to amend sec­ the militai·y record of J. A. Church-to the Committee on Military tion 1, section 2, subdivision a of section 3, section 4, subdivisions Affairs. a and b of section 14, section 17, subdivisions a and b of section Also, a bill (H. R. 9894) granting to Thomas J. Tucker a pen­ 18, subdivision a of section 21, section 48, and subdivision a of sec- sion-to the Committee on Inv.alid Pensions. XXXIII-201 }

3202 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. MARCH 22, r

By Mr. GILL: A bill (H. R. 9895) granting a pension to Eliza­ Also, petition of A. L. Brochmer, for the repeal of the stamp beth Robb-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. tax onimedicines, perfmnery, and cosmetics-totheCommitteeon Also, a bill (H. R. 9896) granting an increase of pension to Ross Ways and Means. M. Stephens-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. By Mr. BUTLER: Petition of Lizzie Tuckerman and others, of Also, a bill (H. R. 9897) for the relief of Margaret Davis-to the Media, Pa., to abolish the Army canteen-to the Committee on Committee on War Claims. Military Affairs. · By Mr. HEDGE: A bill (H. R. 9898) granting a pension to Ed­ Also, petition of the New Century Club, of Westchester, Pa., ward J. Trussler-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. favoI"ing House bill No. 6634, regulating the shipment of game­ By Mr. MULLER: A bill (H. R. 9899) to remove the charge of to the Committee on InteI"state and Foreign Commerce. desertion from the military record of George Schoenberger-to By Mr. CALDWELL: Petition of the National Hay Associa­ the Committee on Military Affairs. tion, in favor of the pa.55age of the so-called Cullom bill, to make By Mr. MORGAN: A bill (H. R. 9900) granting a pension to certain changes in the interstate-commerce law-to the Committee Mark Watts-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. · Also, a bill (H. R. 99Ql) granting a pension to Samuel Nickel­ By Mr. CAPRON: Resolutions of Thomas Post, No. 11, and to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Budlong Post, No. 18, Grand Army of the Republic, Department Also, a bill (H. R. 9902) to increase the pension of William H. H. of Rhode Island, in favor of House bill No. 7094, for the establish­ Sallyards, Ironton, Ohio-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. ment of a Branch Soldiers' Home at Johnson City, Tenn.-to the By Mr. RHEA of Virginia: A bill (H. R. 9903) granting an in­ Committee on Military AffairsA crease of pension to Henry 8hell-to the Committee on Pensions. Also, protest of citizens of Rhode Island, against the passage of By Mr. ROBERTSON of Louisiana: A bill (H. R. 9904) for the the Loud bill-to the Committee on the Post-Office and Post-Roads. relief of B. Glatt, Baton Rouge, La.-to the Committee on War By Mr. CHANLER: Resolutions of the American Bar Associa­ Claims. tion, for legislation in regard to title to real estate and to remedy By Mr.RICHARDSON: A bill (R.R. 9905) granting an increase certain evils in relation to liens-to the Committee on the Judi­ of pension to Nancy A. Bonds-to the Committee on Pensions. ciary. .By Mr. SMALL; A bill (H. R. 9906) to remove the charge of Also, resolution of the Manufacturers' Association of New York, desertion from the I"ecord.s of the War Department against Wiley favoring the passage of the so-called Cullom bill, to make certain W. Woolard-to the Committee on Military Affairs. changes in the interstate-commerce law-to- the Committee on By Mr. SCUDDER: A bill (H. R. 9907) to refer the claim of the Interstate and Foreign Commerce. owner of the brig Robert and Mary to the Court of Claims-to the Also, petition of B,utler Brothers, of New York, and the Manu­ Committee on Claims. facturers' Association of New York, relative to House bill No. By Mr. WILLIAMS of Mississippi; A bill (H. R. 9908) for the 7097, providing for a reorganization of the consular service-to the relief of the estate of Dr. J. P. Davis, deceased, late of Yazoo Committee on Fore1gn Affairs. County, Miss.-to the Committee on War Claims. Also, petitions of the American Trade Press Association and the By l\Ir. ZIEGLER: A bill tH.. R. 9909) granting an increase of American Grocer, urging the passage of House bill No. 6071, relat­ pension to.Joseph Glassick-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. ing to second-class mail matter-to the Committee on the Post- By'Mr. BABCOCK: A bill (H. R. 9914) granting a pension to 0.ffice and Post-Roads. Almira A. Scott-to the Committee on Pensidns. By Mr. CRAWFORD: Protest of citizens of Asheville, N. C., By Mr. BROWNLOW: A bill (H. R. 9915) granting a pension against the passage of House bill No. 6071, relating to second­ to Madison T. Trent-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. class mail matter-to the Committee on the Post-Office and Post­ By Mr. VREELAND: A bill (H. R. 9916) for the relief of Thora Roads. Myhre-to the Committee on Claims. By Mr. D.ALZ.ELL: Petition of the Soap Makers' Association of Philadelphia, Pa., favoring the passage of the Russell bill, relat­ PETITIONS, ETC. ing to the revenue tax on alcohol in manufactures, etc,_:to the Under clause 1 of Rule XXII, the following petitions and papers Committee on Ways and Means. were laid on the Clerk's desk and referred as follows: By Mr. STANLEY W. DAVENPORT: Petition of citizens <>f By the SPEAKER: Petition of J. W. Harris, of Franklin County, Huntington Mills, Pa., in-favor of thethe Grout bill taxing oleo­ Iowa, favoring the Grout bill relating to oleomargarine-to the margarine-to the Committee on Agriculture. Committee on Agriculture. Also, resolutions .of George F. Moore Post, No. 499; C. B. Cox: Also, petition of Henry C. Gardner and other citizens of Bu­ Post, No. 147; Robinson Post, No. 2-0, and Captain Arber Gaylor chanan County, Iowa, against the passage of House bill No.6071, Post, No. 109, Department of ~ennsylvan.la, Grand Army of the relating to second-class mail matter-to the Committee on the Republic, in favor of-a bill locating a Branch Soldiers' Home near Post-Office and Post-Roads. • Johnson City, 'I'enn.-to the Committee on Milit.ary Affairs. By Mr. ADAMSON: Petition of M. J. Peirce and others, of Also, petition of Micha~l Andes and others, of Hazleton, Pa., Temple, Ga., in opposition to the passage of House bill No. 6071, against the Loud bill-to the Committee on the Post-Office and relating to second-class mail matter-to the Committee on the Post-Roads. Post-Office and Post-Roads. By Mr. DE ARMOND~ Affidavits in support of Senate bill No. By Mr. BELL: Petitions of numerous citizens of the Stat;e of 3125, to pension Mrs. Emily A. Larimer-to the Committee on Oolorado, in opposition to the passage of House bill No. 6071, re­ Invalid Pensions. lating to second-class mail matter-to the Committee on the Post- By .Mr. DOLLIVER: Protest of the Woman's Christian Tem~ 0.ffice and Post-Roads. perance Union of Battin Chapel, Ogden, Iowa, against the sale of Also, petition of T. L. Monson, of Denver, Colo., in favor of the liquor in Army canteens, etcA-to the Committee on Military Grout bill taxing oleomargarine-to the Committee on Agri­ Affairs. culture. By Mr. ELLIOTT: Resolutions of Abe Lincoln Post, No. 12, By Mr. BOUTELLE of Maine: Petition of D. E. Wilson and and Hunter Post, No. 8, Grand Army of the Republic, of South others, of Bradford, Me., in favor of the Grout bill taxing oleo­ Carolina, in favor of House bill No. 7094, for the establishment of margarine-to the Committee on Agriculture. a Branch Soldiers' Home at Johnson City, Tenn.-to the Com­ By Mr. BRENNER: Petition of citizens of Germantown, Oke­ mittee on Military Affairs. ana, Campbelltown, and West Alexander, Ohio, favoring the By Mr. ESCH: Resolutions of Wilson Colwell Post, Grand Army passage of the Grout oleomargarine bill-to the Committee on of the Republic, Department of Wisconsin, urging the passage of Agrieultnre. House bill No. 2583, giving veterans preference in employment­ Also, resolutions of Post 96 and Post 590, Grand Army of the to the Committee on Reform in the Civil Service. Republic, Department of Pennsylvania, favoring the establish­ Also, petition of Holmes Creamery Association, Holmen, Wis., ment of a Branch Soldiers' Home for disabled soldiers at John"Son to amend the present law in relation to the sale of oleomargarine­ City, Tenn.-to the Committee on Military Affairs. to the Committee on Agriculture. By Mr. BROMWELL: Petition of the National Hay Associa­ Also, petition of druggists and others of the city of Eau Claire, tion, in favor of Senate bill No.14139, relating to an act to regulate Wis.; also of druggists and Gitizens of Arcadia, Wis., for the re­ commerce-to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Com­ peal of the stamp t.ax on medicines, perfumery, and _cosmetics-to merce. the Committee on Ways and Means. Also, petition of First Battalion, Ohio National Guard, of Cin­ By Mr. FLETCHER; Resolutions of Company C, Foul'th Infan.. cinnati, Ohio, favoring the passage of House bill No. 7936, increas­ try, Company E and Battery A, National Goar~ State of .Minne­ ing the appropriations for arming and equipping the militia of sota, in favor of House bill No. 7936, making an increase in the the States and Territories-to the Committee on Militia. apnropriation for arming ·and equipping the militia of the States Also, petition of Cincinnati Post, No. 67, and Charles S. Hayes and Territories-to the Committee on Militia. Post, No. 224, Grand Army of the Republic, Department of Ohio, Also, petition of 979 citizens of .Minnesota, in favor of the pro­ in favor of House bill No. 7094, for the est.ablishmentof a Branch posed national park in northern Minnesota-to the Committee on Soldiers' Home at or near Johnso!). City, Tenn.-to the Committee the Public Lands. on Military Affairs. Also, petitions of publishers of Minneapolis, Minn., in opposition 1900. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-H-OUSE. 3203

to the passage of Honse bill No. 6071, relating to second-class mail ing the leasing of unoccupied _public lands fo:r grazing -pm:poses- matter-to the Committee on the Post-Office and Pest-Roads. to the Committee on tbe Public Lands. By Mr. GAMBLE: Pefition of ,citizens of·Yankton, Mitchen, Also, resolutions of the .Manufacturers and Prodncer.s' Associa- Te:rry, and Demps.ter, S. Dak., against the _passage of the Loud tion-0f California, in favor of Senate bill 1439, to vest additional bill-to the Committee on the Po.st-Office and Post-Roads. . authori-cy in iilie Interstate Commerce Commission-to the Com- Also, petitions of Black .Hills Wool G.rowro:s' Association .and mittee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. Prairie Lodge, No. 170, Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen, B_y Mi:. KERR: Petition of E. A . .Johnson and others, of-Sulli. against public-land grants to any but actual settlers, etc.-to the van, Ohio, .against the Loud bill-to the Committee on -the Post- Committee on the.Public Lands. · Office and Post-Roads. By :Mr. GASTON: Petitions of citizens of Titusville, Spring- By Mr. KETCHAM: Petition of H. A. Holmes and others, of bo.ro, UnionOity,Corry., Wanneta, WattBburg,Not'theast, Cranes- Pawling, N. Y.,for the _passage of the Bowersock ·anti-canteen ville, Linesville, and other towns in Crawford and Erie counties, bill-to the Committee on Military Affairs. Pa., against the passage of the Loud bill relating to:second-class .Also, petition of citizens of Carthage Lantling, N. Y.., in ·opposi­ mail mattei·-to the Committee on the Post-Office and Post-Roads. tion to the passage of .House bill No. 6071, relating to second-class Also, resolutions of M~jor W.W. MileB Post, No. 30S, of Girard, mail matter-to the Committee on the Post-Office and Post-Roads. Pa., Grand Army of thA Republic, favoring the p~sage of a bill By Mr. KLEBERG: Petition of citizens-of ·Cameron, Hidalgo, to establish a Branch Soldiers' Home near Johnson City, Tenn.- and Starr counties, T-€x., infavor.of canal between Flower Bluff to the Committee on Military Affairs. and Point Isa.bel-tothe·Oommitime on Riv-ers-and Harbo.rB . .Also, petition of Nathan Stone and citizens of Oorry &n.d Britton By Mr. KNOX: Resaluti0ns of Woburn Po.st, No. 161, Grand Run, Pa ~ , :to amend the present la..w in relation to .the sale of oleo- Army of ·the Re_puhlic, of Woburn, M-ass., in favor of Honse bill margarine-to the Committee .on Agriculture. No. 7094:, to establish a Bi·anch Soldiers' Home at.Johns.on City, By Mr. GRAHAM: Circular of information of the National Tenn.-to the Committee on Military Affairs. Association of .Manufacturers, with reference to the bill for th-e By Mr. LATIMER; Paper of John T. Hobbs, of New York, con­ encouragement of the American merchant marine-to the Cum- taining informationjn regard to oleomargarine, butterine, etc.- mittee on the Merchant Marine and Fisheries. · to the Committee on .Agriculture. Also, petition of the Association ·of Unite.a States Government .Also, _paper of J ohn:T. Hobbs, af New Hark, relating toiihestate Employees, Philadelphia, mging the 'Passage of :House bill No. of the market in regard to food -products, 'etc.-to the Committee :1728, relating to leave of absence with p.ay to eertain employees on A_gricultur.e. of the Government-to the Dommitiee on Naval Affairs. By Mr. LONG: Petition of E. E. Conrad and 17 citizens of New- Also, petition of th-e Mercp.ntile Club of Kansas City, Kans., ton, Kans. ., ·for the repeal of the stamp tax on p.roprietary medi­ against any legislation increasing the tax on ole.omargarine-to cines, perfumery, etc.-to the Committee on Ways and Means. the Committee on Ways and .Me.ans. Also, _petitions of C. F. Mouser, of Elbing, .and I. F. Stroup, of By Mr. HAMILTON: -Sundry petitions of citizens of th~ State Nickerson, Kans., against the passage of the Loud bill relating to Df Miehlga11, against the Loud bill-to theC.ommittee on 'thePost- srcond-class mail matter--tothe Committee on.the.Pos.t-Office,and Office and Post-Roads. Post-Roads. By Mr. HEMENWAY: :Petition of J~ Oscar Martin, of New- ·By Mr. McCALL: .Pap-erfo accam.pan_y House bill No. 7179,for hur.g, lnd., in ,opposition to the [passage of Honse "bill No. 601-1, the relief of Clarence S. Hall-to the Committee on Invalid Pen­ re1ating to second-class mail matter-to the Committee .on the sions. Post-Office and Post-Roads. Also, petition of druggists of Cambridge, Ohio,iforthe-repealof Also, petition of Robert Mitchell and other citizens of Prince- the tax·on medicines, ~ perfmnery, and c.osmetios-'to the Commit. ton, Ind., favoring the passage of House bill No. 3717, amending tee on Ways and Means. the oleomargarine law-to the Committee on Agriculture. By ld.r . .MoOLEARY: Resolution.ofNa.t. .L_yon Post, of Adrian, Also, petition of .Mary TI~ Allen and other ladies of Boonville, Minn., Grand Army of the Republic, favoring the establishment Ind., urging the passage of House ·bill No. 5457, abolishing the .of a Branch-Srudiers' Homefor disabled soldiercLat J.ohns.on City, Army canteen-to the Committee on Military Affairs. Tenn.-to the Committee on Military Affairs. By Mr. HENRY of ·Connecticut: Petition of ·Chand .Anny of Also, petition .of lli. J. W. C.hamberlin, of St. Paul, Minn., pro· the Republic post:at Bristol,.Conn., favm:lllg th€ p~e of House testing against the passage of a bill known as the Gallinger 'Vivi· bill No. 7094-to the ·Committee on Military Affairs. section bill-to th~ :Committee on -the J udiciar_y. By :Mr. HILL: .Petitions·of EzraThom_pson, F.rankHolmes,IDid Alim, _petition of Company E, Fourth Infantry, National Guard others, of the State of Connecticut, against the passage of the Lund of the £,'tate of Minnesota, -urging the ·pru;sage uf House bill No. bill relating to second-class mail matter-to the ·Committee on 'ZH.36, du.oreasing the ~:p.ro_priatfon for the -State militia-to the the Post-Office and Post-Roads. Committee on Militia. Also, resolutions of .a mass meeting at ·waterbm::y, Conn., in .By Mr. MIERS of Indiana: Petitions of Grand .Army .of the .favor of American mediation hetween Great .B.iitain and tbe Republic _posts .of Elliottsville, Washington, Spencer, Farmers­ T:ransvaal Repnblic-to the Gommittee-on For-e.ign Affairs. burg. Owens burg, Bloomfield, Koleen, Me.roni, .Bicknell, Bedford, .By Mr. KAHN: Petitions of Manufactur:e:ra andProducen;' .As- aniLLoogootee,Ind.,.insnpportof Ho11S8billNo. !709i, toeatablisha sociation of California, and af the Ohamber of O.ommerce of San Brsnclt Soldiers' .Ho.me at JDhnson City, Tenn.-to the Committee Francisco, and of the San Diego Chamber ,of Commerce, infavo.r on Military .A:ffair-s . .of House bill No. 7097, for the reorganization of the consnlar-servic-e Also, petition of citizens of Heltonville,.lnd~, ~ainst-the-passage cl the United States-to the Committee ·on Foreign Affairs. of the Loud bill relating to second-class mail matter-to the Dom- Also, re.solutions of the Chamber oi _Commerce of San Francisco, mittee an the Post-Office and Post-Roads. against House bill No. 1033,.Providing re_presentation in Congress Ey Mr. MOODY of Massachusetts: Petition of Ward Post, No. for Alaska-to the Committee on the Territories. 90, Grand Army of "the Republic., of Danvers, .Mass., "and Hovey Also, petition of the examiner of merenan.filse -at the J>Ort uf San Post,No. 559, of IndianapoliB, Ind., favoring the passage of House Francisco. in favor .of 'Honse bill No. 784.3, increasing the·maxi- bill No. "7094-±o the lGommitt-ee on Military Affairs. mum compensation of examiner ·af merchandise of the custom- l3y Mr. NAPHEN: Resolution of Armorer's Association of house at the port of New Yorlr, and urging an amendment increas- Springfield, Mass., urging the _passage of Borum bill No. 4728, re­ ing the maximum oompensation of examiners of merchandise of lating to leave of absence with JJay .to certain employees of the the custom-house at the _port of &cm Francisco-to the Committee Government-to the Committee on Naval Affairs. on Ways and Means. , .Also, resolution of the Boston Druggists' Association, for reci_p- Also, resolutions of the San Francisco Ohamber of Commerce, rocal trade treaty with Canada-to the Committee on WaY"S ..and in favor of increasing the artillery branch -of the United States Means. Army-to the Committee.on Military Affairs. Alse, pefitinns of .the board of -aldermen.and common council Also, resolutions of the Manufacturers and Producer.a' .A:ssocia- Df Boston, .Masa.; also petitions nf the Columbia and .numerons tion of California, in favor of House bill No. 8021, to restrict the other yacht clubs of Boston, urging the placing of.a s.earch light sale of convict-made goods to the State or Territory in which they on the City Point life-saving station, at BOBton, Mass., and the are manufactured-to the Committee on Inte1·state mid Foreign statimrlng of a-steam launch at.said station-toiihe Committee on .Commerce. Interstate and Foreign Commerce. Also, resolutions of th~ Mannfacturei:s and Pioducers' A.ssoeia- By Mr. NEEDHAM.: .Papers to accompany Bouse bill No. 9757, tion of California, ana of tbe Merchants' E.xchange Association to correct the.anilitary record of David Cam._pball-to the·Oommit:­ of ·California . .and the Merchants' Aflsociatio.n of San Francisc.'O, iee on Militar_y Affairs. .and of ~e Chamber of po~er.ce .of_ San Francisco, in favo.r of Also, re.solutions otthe Chamber of Commerce-of San '.Francisco, ~ouse b1ll 887, appropmating-thfumm of ?)200,000 for .a commer- Cal., opposing House bill.No. 10a3, an.d a.sking for certain forms .mal museum at Philadelphia, .and ~eqn.esting the adaption :of an . of:relief in :the goy~rnment ..of Alaska-to 'the Committee on the .amendment appropriating-$50,000 for .the Paci.fic 00ommercia1 Mn- Territories. senm-to the qommitte.e on Inierstlrte and Foreign Commerce. .Also,:t:.esohrlion.of ·th-e Chamber of Commerce of ·San Francisco, .Also, re.sol.utions of the.State Boar.Cl of"T.rad~ of O.alifor:nia, fav.or~ . Cal., urging the appointment of a permanent general a ppr.a.ism:' 3204 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. MAROH23, at the port of San Francisco-to the Committee on Ways and Also, petition of the Manufacturers' Association of New York, Means. urging the passage of Senate bill No. 1439, known as the Cullom Also, resolution of the Chamber of Commerce of San Francisco, bill-to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. Cal., favoring the passage of House bill No. 887, in the interest of By Mr. SUTHERLAND: Petitions of Ben Franklin Post, No. manufacturing and commercial industries-to the Committee on 136, and S. A. Strickland Post, No. 13, Grand Army of the Repub­ Interstate and Foreign Commerce. lic, Department of Nebraska, in support of House bill No. 7094, By Mr. NORTON of Sonth Carolina: Resolutions of the Mer­ to establish a Branch Soldiers' Home at Johnson City, Tenn.-to cantile Club of Kansas City, Mo., against sundry bills taxing oleo­ the Committee on ~ilitary Affairs. margarine and butterine-to the Committee on Agriculture. Also, petition of Ben Franklin Post, No. 136, Grand Army of By Mr. 0-GRADY: Petition of citizens of Fairport, N. Y., in the Republic, Department of Nebraska, against the passage of bill favor of the bill to tax oleomargarine-to the Committee on Agri­ to legalize the detail of active and retired officers of the Army and culture. Navy to assist in military instruction in the public schools-to By Mr. PEARRE: Petition of William A. Gordon,-administra­ the Committee on Militia. tor of the estate of William D. C. Murdock, deceased, relating to Also, petition of Jessup Brothers, of Clay Center, Nebr., against a claim-to the Committee on War Claims. the passage of House bill No. 6071, relating to second·class mail '• I By Mr. RUSSELL: Petition of Mrs. Sylvanus Reed, regent of matter-to the Committee on the Post-Office and Post-Roads. ::Manhattan Chapter, Daughters of the American Revolution,New Also, petition of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union of York City, in favor of House bill No. 2577, to preserve the Fort Wauneta, Nebr., urging the enactment of a law forbidding the Griswold property-to the Committee on Military Affairs. manufacture and sale of intoxicating liquors and a prohibition of Also, resolutions of Sedgwick Post, No. 1, of Norwich, Conn., gambling and the opium trade in our new possessions-to the Grand Army of the Republic, in favor of House bill No. 7094, for Committee on Alcoholic Liquor Traffic. the establishment of a Branch Soldjers Home at or near Johnson By Mr. VREELAND: Petition of First Methodist Episcopal City, Tenn.-to the Committee on Military Affairs. Church of Jamestown, N. Y., and vicinity, for the suppression By Mr. SMITH of Kentucky: Petition of Posts 212, 11, and 217, of the liquor traffic in the Philippines-to the Committee on Insu­ Grand Army of the Republic, Department of Kentucky, favoring lar Affairs. the location of a Branch Soldiers' Home at Johnson City, Tenn.­ Also, petitions of C. C. Durham and others, in favor of the Grout to the Committee on Military Affairs. oleomargarine bill-to the Committee on Agriculture. Also, papers to accompany House bill No. 5251--to the Commit­ By Mr. WILSON of Arizona: Petition of Grand Army of the tee on Military Affairs. Republic Post of Phenix, Ariz., in support of House bill No. 7094, Also. papers to accompany House bill No. 9856-to t.he Commit­ to establish a Branch Soldiers' Home at Johnson City, Tenn.-to tee on Claims. the Committee on Military Affairs. Also, papers to accompany Housa bill No. 9857-to the Commit­ By Mr. WILSON of New York: Resolutions of the Manufac­ tee on War Claims. turers' Association of New York, in favor of Senate bill No. 1439, Also, papers to accompany House bill No. 9864-to the Commit­ relating to an act to regulate commerce-to the Committee on tee on War Claims. Interstate and Foreign Commerce. Also, papers to accompany House bill No. 9866-to the Commit­ By Mr. ZIEGLER: Papers to accompany House bill for an in­ tee on War Claims. crease of pension to Joseph Glassick-to the Committee on Invalid Also, papers to accompany House bill No. 9860-to the Commit­ Pensions. tee on War Claims. Also, papers to accompany House bill No. 9885-to the Commit­ tee on War Claims. SENATE. Also, papers to accompany House bill No. 9859-to the Commit­ tee on War Claims. FRIDAY, March 23, 1900. Also, papers to accompany House bill No. 9861-to the Commit­ tee on War Claims. Prayer by the Chaplain, Rev. W. H. MILBURN, D. D. Also, papers to accompany House bill No. 9862-to the Commit­ The Secretary proceeded to read the Journal of yesterday's pro­ tee on War Claims. ceedings, when, on motion of Mr. ~TEWART, and by unanimous Also, papers to accompany House bill No. 9863-to the Commit­ consent, the further reading was dispensed with. tee on War Claims. ThePRESIDENTprotempore. Withoutobjection, theJournal By Mr. SPALDING: Petition of Frank Ohman and other citi­ will stand approved. zena of Rutland, N. Dak., in favor of the Grout bill taxing oleo· margarine-to the Committee on Agriculture. :MINING RIGHTS NEA.R CAPE NOME, A.LASKA, Also, protest of the Retail Merchants' Association of Chicago, The PRESIDENT pro tempore laid before the Senate a com­ ID., against the passage of the Grout bill-to the Committee on munication from the Secretary of War, transmitting, in response the Post-Office and Post-Roads. to a resolution of the 21st instant, certain information relative to Also, petition of C. E. Thompson and other citizens of Cass whether any concessions or grants have been made to any indi­ County, N. Dak., in opposition to the passage of House bill No. vidual or corporations to excavate the gold-bearing bed of the 6071, relating to second-class mail matter-to the Committee on sea at or in the vicinity of Cape Nome, in Alaska, or in other the Post-Office and Post-Roads. Alaskan waters, etc.; which, with the accompanying papers, was Also, resolutions of the San Diego (Cal.) Board of Trade, urging referred to the Committee on Public Lands, and ordered to be the immediate construction of the Nicaragua Canal-to the Com­ printed. mittee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. MESSAGE FRO:Y THE HOUSE. Also, petition of John A. Spellman Post, No. 13, Grand Army A message from the House of Representatives, by Mr. W. J. of the Republic, Department of North Dakota, in support of BROWNING, its Chief Clerk, announced that the House had agreed House bill No. 7094, to establish a Branch Soldiers' Home at John­ to the amendments of the Senate to the bill (H. R. 5390) granting sora. City, Tenn.-to the Committee on Military Affairs. an increase of pension to Maria E. Mailley. By Mr. SPERRY: Resolutions of the Trinity Methodist Epis­ The message also announced that the House had agreed to the copal Church, First Methodist Episcopal Church, and Young Peo­ concurrent resolution of the Senate to print 2,500 copies of the ple's Society of Christian Endeavor of the First Congregational Annual Report of the Director of the Bureau of American Repub­ Church of Meriden, Conn., favoring the anti-canteen bill-to the Committee on Military Affairs. lics. Also, resolutions of a mass meeting in Waterbury, Conn., ex­ PETITIONS AND MEMORIALS, pressing sympathy to the Transvaal Republic and the Orange Mr. PLATT of New York presented a petition of the foremen, Free State in their struggle with England-to the Committee on attendants, and laborers employed in the sixth division of the Foreign Affairs. New York custom-house, praying for the enactment of legislation By Mr. STARK; Petition of the World-Herald, Bee, and News, to provide for an increase in their salaries; which was referred to of Omaha; State Journal and Post, of Lincoln, Nebr., and Press, of the Committee on Finance. Nebraska City, Nebr., urging the passage of House bill No. 5765, He also presented memorials of the congregations of the Imman­ known as the Russell bill, relating to the revenue tax on alcohol uel, the Presbyterian, the Swedish Zion and Mission, the Swedish in manufactures, etc.-to the Committee on Ways and Means. Baptist, the Free Methodist, and the Swedish .Methodist churches, By Mr. SULLOWAY: Petition ofWallridge & Taylor and 20 all of Jamestown, in the State of New York, remonstrating against others, of Peterboro, N. H., in favor of the Grout bill taxing oleo­ the sale of liquor in canteens, and also against the sale of intoxi­ margarine-to the Committee on Agriculture. cating liquors in the newly acquired possessions of the United By Mr. SULZER: Petition of the Manufacturers' Association States; which were referred to the Committee on Military Affairs. of New York, relative to House bill No. 7097, providing for a re­ He also presented a memorial of the American Trade Press Asso­ organization of the-consular service-to the Committee on Fo1·eign ciation, of New York City, and a. memorial of the Snap Shots Pho­ Affairs. tographic Journal, of New York City, remonstrating against the