The ‘Great War’ Diaries of

2063 Lance Corporal William Dalton Lycett

4th Field Ambulance, AIF

15th Aust. Light Railway Operating Co.

1914 – 1919

About the writer:

William Dalton Lycett was born in Middlesborough in the County of Durham on 28th November, 1890, the eldest son of Harry (b. 7.3.1869) and his wife, Mary Hannah Dalton (b. 8.12.1872). By 1908 the family had grown to six boys - Will, Harold, Harry, Fred, Cliff and Frank and the youngest child, Dorothy. The family moved frequently in the Middlesborough-Hartlepool area and eventually returned to Crewe in Cheshire where Harry's family lived. Here Will and his father worked in the Railway Workshops where Will served his apprenticeship as a boilermaker. As the diaries testify he also had a wide circle of friends here and took an active part in Church and musical activities.

In 1910 the family migrated to Melbourne and for some time Will was very lonely until he became a member of the Burns Club. Here he played soccer and became a member of the Victorian Soccer Team, and here also he met his Daisy (Daisy Gertrude Hill, b. 24.1.1891).

When war broke out he enlisted, on 12th September 1914, and was sent to Broadmeadows Army Camp. His diaries tell the story of his war, and inadvertently, much of himself. What they do not tell is the story of the women at home, his Mam who at one time had her husband and four sons in France and knew the grief of losing a son, and Daisy, whose fiance and two brothers were there. Her brother Vic also never returned. It is cause for regret that none of those letters written and received during the four year period have survived, they would surely have completed the picture.

After his return to Australia, on 31st March 1919 he and Dais. were married and eventually lived most of their lives together in Essendon in close proximity to Will's parents and the families of his brothers and sister. He worked at the Railway Workshops at Newport, and was deeply involved in Freemasonry, but his health was consistently poor as a result of his war experiences, and he was never again the cheerful, sociable young man who went away.

Will and Daisy raised two children, Evelyn born in 1923 and Bill in 1931. Some time after Daisy's death in 1964 he went to live with his son's family and became a great mate of his youngest grandson, Tim, who listened by the hour to his Pa's stories of Gallipoli and France. These tales engendered a great interest in the history and events of the First World War and it is Tim who now owns the diaries and has initiated this transcription.

Will died on 5th April, 1975, and despite living in Australia for 65 years still cheered for the English cricket team and was always an English gentleman.

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1914 Front page of Diary:

William Dalton Lycett A Section 4th Field Ambulance A.A.M.C. 2nd A.I.E.F.

Should anyone find this book and not be able to return it to the owner, will they please sent it to

Miss D. Hill 40 Mirams St Ascot Vale Melbourne Victoria Australia Look on last page

Tuesday 22nd December, 1914 We broke camp at 10 a.m. and marched to the Broadmeadows Station where we entrained for Port Melbourne and boarded the S.S. Berrima which is to take us to our destination which is unknown to us at present. We left the wharf at 5 p.m. and steamed till 6.30 p.m. when we dropped anchor off Sandringham where we remained for the night.

Wednesday 23rd December, 1914

We raised anchor and steamed away at 5 a.m., reaching the heads about 7.45 a.m., after passing which we dropped the Pilot and took in tow the Australian Submarine AE2, continuing our journey in pleasant weather with no further events of note for this day.

Thursday 24th December, 1914

I forgot to state at first that the bugle sounded lights out at 9 p.m. when every man is supposed to be in his hammock. I woke on this morning after a lovely night's sleep at about 6 a.m. and on getting on deck found we had lost some time through the hawser which connected the submarine to our boat parting at 4 a.m.. This had been fixed up and we were off again but at 9.30 a.m. the same thing happened again and we had to heave to for a couple of hours while it was fixed up again. I started this morning to give a hand in the hospital at meal times. The hospital is splendid and we have at present 6 cases, all minor. The food has been splendid so far and this afternoon I was told to have my meals and to sleep in the saloon along with the rest of the tent division, up to now we had been sleeping below with the other men. We had a concert in the evening and there were some very good items.

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Friday 25th December, 1914

Xmas day on the water with a church service at 10 a.m. which I could not attend as I was on duty in the hospital. We are somewhere in the Australian Bight. I had a splendid dinner pork and plum pudding being the chief items. The afternoon and evening passed away quietly with nothing else worthy of note.

Saturday 26th December, 1914

Boxing Day, we sighted a steamer which we think is the Ulysses, it has been in sight all day. I have been assisting all day while Captain Dawson has been vaccinating the troops.

Sunday 27th December, 1914

Sunday very quiet, everyone busy writing in case we touch Albany tomorrow.

Monday 28th December, 1914

Anchored outside Albany this morning about 6 a.m.. Moved to within half mile of wharf about 10 a.m. No chance of getting on shore. We finished the vaccin. this morning. A lot of the boys have been fishing over the side and have caught a lot of Mackerel, I had no line. We had a Patriotic Concert tonight.

Tuesday 29th December, 1914

Still at Albany, nothing doing. Steamer Port Macquarie at wharf on fire but nothing serious.

Wednesday 30th December, 1914

Still at Albany, everything quiet. Wish we would get a move on.

Thursday 31st December, 1914

Left Albany 9 a.m., very quietly. It seems to be a quiet place. Still have submarine AE2 in tow.

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1915 Friday 1st January, 1915

New Years Day. We have a general holiday and have a sports meeting in the afternoon. I am now doing duty at the dispensary, giving any assistance I can at the sick parades which are held at 7 a.m. and 5 p.m. and any bandaging that may have to be done. The sports were fairly successful considering the circumstances under which they were held, we have about 1200 men on board. I did not enter for anything. There are 17 vessels in our fleet and they are steaming 4 abreast with our steamer the Berrima leading by about half mile, they look very impressive. We were stopped for about a quarter of an hour about 12 noon and were told afterwards it was because there had been a burial on the S.S. Themistocles. The day came to a close with a beautiful night.

Saturday 2nd January, 1915

Awoke this morning about 5.45 a.m., a splendid morning. We had 98 men on sick parade this morning, none serious, mostly colds and effects of vaccination. The submarine AE2 cast off this morning and went scouting round on her own, we don't know what is the reason. I hear 2 of the transports have broken down, anyhow they have dropped right back. We finished the sports this afternoon, the A.M.C. won the relay race and reached the semi final of the tug of war but were beaten by the Railways. We had a lecture at 4 p.m. from Capt Dawson on rolled bandaging and also a little practice, it is very interesting. This was the tent division of A Section only. Am just going to have a smoke and then turn in, weather still lovely and tucker good.

Sunday 3rd January, 1915

Jumped out of my hammock at 6 a.m. and got cleaned and dressed in my uniform as it is Sunday, feel quite smart again after wearing my blues, did not get to church parade as I was busy getting ready to dress vaccinations when church parade was over. I joined in some of the hymns while I was working and could see and hear everything through the porthole in the dispensary. We had 98 men on sick parade at 7 a.m. and after church parade were very busy dressing arms (Vacc) till dinner time. I lay down on one of the beds in the dispensary after dinner as there was nothing doing. We had news that Major Stewart of C Sec. 4th Field Amb., who is on the S.S. Agana, has contracted Typhoid, don't know if it is serious or not. We hove to at 4 p.m. to take in tow again our baby Submarine AE2.

Monday 4th January, 1915

Donned the blues again this morning and went on duty at dispensary for sick parade at 7 a.m. We had over 100 on parade but none serious, most of them had practically nothing wrong with them, they seem to walk up if their fingers ache. About 10 a.m. the Chief Engineer showed me how to work the ships sterilizer and then I started to work to sterilize some blankets and hammocks which had been

Page 7 used by men with an infectious or contagious disease, was busy at this till about 4 p.m. except for my dinner time. I then went and laid down till the sick parade at 5 p.m. at which I was on duty again. After this I had a good tea and then settled down to read some yarns in a magazine. Had a good salt water bath at 8 p.m. as it is beginning to warm up, we are entering the tropics now, am just going to turn in.

Tuesday 5th January, 1915

It was pretty warm today, but I suppose we must expect it now. I did some more sterilizing today, it kept me going till 2 p.m. then I had a lie down for an hour in the dispensary, at 4 p.m. our section was paid. This is our first pay on board. We are only paid 1/- per day while on board and the balance is paid to us when we reach our destination. I received 14/-. Went on duty at sick parade at 5 p.m., not much doing, plenty of patients with very little the matter with them. Had word from the Agana about 9 p.m. that Major Stewart was nearly dead, also they asked us if we had a female nurse on board who could be transferred to them to look after the Major.

Wednesday 6th January, 1915

Up early again this morning, it is beautiful weather if it was not so hot. We hove to about 10 a.m. and lowered a boat and our Colonel, his orderly and Sergt Draper, who is an old R.A.M.C. nurse, were transferred to the Agana to look after Major Stewart. It took our boat about 2 hours to get to the Agana and back as we were about half a mile apart and although the sea is not rough to us on our boat, it bounced the boat with the Colonel in about a good deal, in fact sometimes we could not see it at all. After dinner I was vaccinated along with the rest of the tent division and so I spent the rest of the day except for sick parade at 5 p.m. in lounging about. It is getting hotter.

Thursday 7th January, 1915

I awoke this morning about 4 a.m. and noticed that the ship had stopped. When I got on deck I saw the Sub AE2 had cast off and was going right away from us and on inquiry I heard that a steamer had been sighted and would not answer our signals, it was rumoured to be a warship, but turned out to be a tramp steamer and some misunderstanding had arisen out of the signalling. The AE2 came back after visiting the steamer which was about 10 miles away, and was taken in tow again by us. It only took the AE2 3 minutes to be absolutely ready for action after the alarm had been given. I was given the duties today of looking after the venereal patients, all the cases are Gonorrhoea. I have to give the patients their medicine and see they keep themselves clean. 35 of them.

Friday 8th January, 1915

I awoke this morning and prepared for my duties in connection with the venereal patients. They are all isolated and of course I take every precaution for myself. I

Page 8 visit them at 9 a.m. and 7 p.m., it takes me about an hour each visit. I give each man his medicine to take and mix up their solutions for bathing and syringing purposes. I do not think there is much danger of catching anything as long as ordinary precautions are taken. I have not given up assisting at the dispensary at the sick parades as (Although I could do so if I wished to) I am learning a good deal and thoroughly like the work. I saw Captain Dawson inject into a patient some anti Diphtheria serum this afternoon. He took this precaution as the patient shows every sign of having Diphtheria. He injected about 10,000 minims. It has been and still is sweltering hot. It is now 8 p.m.

Saturday 9th January, 1915

After I had done the rounds of my patients this morning I was told off to assist Capt. Jeffries, who along with Capt Dawson started to inoculate the troops at 10 a.m. We got through about 600 men up to 12 o'clock noon when we knocked off for dinner. We did not do any more after dinner as there was a boxing tournament on and everyone wanted to see it. Capt Dawson was timekeeper. There were some very good bouts and if it had not been for the intense heat would have been a really enjoyable show. I was on the sick parade at 5 p.m. but there was nothing of any consequence occurred. Lime juice was given out today, 1 bottle to about 18 men.

Sunday 10th January, 1915

Did not put my uniform on today as it was too hot and my duties won't allow me to go to church parade. It happens at a busy time for me. We are supposed to cross the equator today. Capt Jeffries performed an operation today which I witnessed for Haemorrhoids or bleeding piles. He operated and took them away very successfully. It was very interesting to watch and of course seeing it means so much more experience. I am getting on well at the dispensary too, all the little odd jobs being of great benefit to me. I had a sleep this afternoon as I have had a slight headache all day and have also been quiet tonight. It is just boiling and everyone is lazy.

Monday 11th January, 1915

I visited my patients this morning first thing after breakfast and then went in to assist Capt Jeffries to do some more inoculating till 12 noon. I was inoculated myself by Capt Dawson on the left breast and it is a little sore and stiff tonight but it is a very simple operation. The crew rigged up a large canvas bath and we had Father Neptune this afternoon. All those who had never crossed the line before were supposed to go through it, the officers first and no exceptions were made. One Lieutenant refused so they sent a party and carried him from his cabin and ducked him.

Tuesday 12th January, 1915

Page 9 Went the rounds of my patients this morning and then started to do some more sterilizing. Capt's Dawson and Jeffries were inoculating again this morning but I was too busy to assist. I can hardly feel anything of my inoculation today, it seems to have gone. We had the final bouts of the boxing tournament this afternoon and after tea I visited my patients again. We expect to be in Colombo early in the morning so everyone is writing tonight myself included. The heat has not been so trying today. Wednesday 13th January, 1915

Anchored inside the breakwater at Colombo about 9 a.m. this morning and were immediately besieged by numbers of small boat loads of natives who wanted to change money with us of course, all to their advantage. Later in the day some of the natives got on board and we had some fun, we got the boxing gloves out and put a few coppers in for two of them to fight. It was funny , they have absolutely no idea how to fight with fists. We were not allowed to go ashore which was a great disappointment but a lot slid down ropes over the side of the steamer and got the natives to row them ashore.

Thursday 14th January, 1915

We were still in Colombo when I got up this morning. It is a beautiful day and the native boats are all around us, a lot of our men have come back who got off last night and I believe there were nearly 200 off our boat alone. They have all to parade as defaulters but I don't think they will get it very hot. Any amount more have been dodging off all morning, I was very unlucky not to be able to go myself with a pass, but I was disappointed. One or two fellows fell into the water while getting down ropes, but they all got out. We moved out of the harbour about 3 p.m. this afternoon and are now anchored about a mile out.

Friday 15th January, 1915

Still at anchor when I got up this morning, a lot of native boats were round us and the natives were diving for money thrown into the water. Some of their boats are very crude being merely three planks lashed together and they kneel on these and paddle with pieces of board. They never seem to miss any of the money thrown in. We raised anchor and steamed away about 10 a.m. and are now bound for we don't know where. I have not seen anything of an escort except for the submarine but we hear there are 4 or 5 Japanese destroyers and cruisers somewhere about. We did a little more inoculation this morning. Everything is pretty quiet tonight.

Saturday 16th January, 1915

Did the sick parade and the round of my patients this morning and at 11 a.m. Capt Jeffries performed an operation, it was a circumcision and went off quite well. We are somewhere close to the coast of India and by the chart seem to be going there, but of course we don't know. We have seen the smoke of several vessels during

Page 10 the day but don't know what they were, might be our escort. We also saw what we thought was the coast of India but were not sure. The men who broke ship at Colombo have been fined 10 days ships pay (10/-) and 1 days field pay which means 5/- and 6/- in some cases, this is privates. N.C.O.'s are to be court martialled. It is very hot.

Sunday 17th January, 1915

This is our fourth Sunday on the water, everything seems very quiet. I visited my patients this morning and again this evening and during the day did a little reading. It was busy in the dispensary while the church parade was on, but as it is held just outside the door, I can see and hear everything. The singing of all the troops sounds fine when you are on the sea and the men seem as though they are giving vent to their feelings when they are singing. We had a church service this evening which I attended and enjoyed very much and I was almost sorry when it was over.

Monday 18th January, 1915

We are still having lovely weather it seems nothing short of marvellous for the water to be so still. I did my rounds this morning and then helped Capt Jeffries to inoculate some of the troops for the second time, everyone has to be done twice within 10 days otherwise the inoculation against Typhoid will not have the desired effect. We were at it till midday when we knocked off for dinner and resumed again at 2.30 p.m. keeping going till 5 p.m., when I had to go and attend the sick parade with Capt Dawson before having tea. I fixed my patients up after tea and then had a few games at Draughts and turned in.

Tuesday 19th January, 1915

Attended sick parade at 7 a.m. then had breakfast after which I visited my patients. I then had to assist Capt Jeffries to do some more inoculating. We were at it till dinner time and I was inoculated myself for the second time. I took things easy this afternoon till 5 o'clock sick parade when Capt Dawson took our photo's in the dispensary and also outside with the men who were reporting sick. I was not feeling too good myself about this time from the effects of my inoculation but it seems to have worn off again this evening and I feel alright now. It is four weeks today since we left Melbourne.

Wednesday 20th January, 1915

Attended sick parade at 7 a.m. and afterwards visited my patients and then we did a little more inoculating which lasted till close on dinner time. I have not felt any effects of my inoculation this morning or at all today and all that can be seen is a little

Page 11 swelling on the left breast where the needle was inserted. We are keeping as we have done all the trip except when we have stopped to provision the submarine, about a mile ahead of the other transports, sometimes we go ahead and lose sight of them altogether. Rumours are afloat on the ship that our section is going to England to train in the hospitals at home.

Thursday 21st January, 1915

Went into the dispensary at 7 a.m. for sick parade and just as we finished a man was brought in who had a bayonet accidentally stuck in him, it was not serious. Attended to my patients after breakfast and then Capt Jeffries performed two operations very successfully. One was for Haemorrhoids and the other a circumcision. This kept us going till dinner. We all had to turn out on a general parade in full marching order, when we were inspected by Major Baker, the O.C. of the ship. This is the first parade I have been on since embarking and it lasted till tea time. We sighted 2 steamers today which looked like cruisers through the glasses, they were painted the same colour, they turned out to be transports with Indian troops on board and are still with us tonight.

Friday 22nd January, 1915

Attended sick parade at 7 a.m. and after breakfast visited my patients. I received instructions from Capt Dawson today to take them their medicine 3 times daily, which means I must visit them at 2 p.m. as well as 9 a.m. and 7 p.m. but it is not much trouble. Things were very quiet this afternoon so I lay down and had a read till 5 p.m. sick parade after which I had my tea and then did my 7 o'clock round. We expect to reach Aden tomorrow and everyone is hoping for a chance to get ashore but I don't think it is any good hoping, they made a bad thing of it when they broke ship at Colombo.

Saturday 23rd January, 1915

I forgot to mention yesterday the result of the Court Martial of the N.C.O.'s who broke ship at Colombo was announced. They were all reduced to privates and have to do 14 days fatigue duty as defaulters and I understand they have been fined as well. The result was announced publicly and their stripes were cut off in front of all the troops on the ship. We reached Aden this morning and anchored outside the harbour. The men did a little bargaining with the natives and I bought 2 singlets for 2/-, they are only cotton but very easy for the hot weather. We were to have steamed out this evening but unfortunately our anchor fouled a submarine cable and broke it and then the steel hawser which we tow AE2 with got tangled round one of our propellers and we will have to stay till it is fixed up.

Sunday 24th January, 1915

Page 12 The rest of the fleet steamed away without us yesterday evening and we have had the divers working on our propeller all night and they are still at it. We moved into the inner harbour about 9 a.m. to give the divers a better chance and found 2 Indian transports at anchor, one of them has 8 guns mounted which we can see and also some quick firers or Maxims. We have been besieged with natives trying to sell fruit and other things all day. I wrote 6 post cards and 1 letter this afternoon. Some of the fellows are fishing but only catching very small fish. We left Aden at 5 p.m. and passed a mail steamer about 7.30 on her way to Australia.

Monday 25th January, 1915

Visited my patients this morning and after breakfast we did some more inoculating till dinner time, we passed a cargo steamer about 11.30 a.m. Capt Dawson took another photo this afternoon of 6 of us in front of the dispensary. After tea I visited my patients and then went to have a quiet time in the dispensary. I hardly got settled when 6 men were brought in with severe pains in their stomachs. This was the start and I sent for Capt Dawson. We worked till 11.30 p.m. about 6 of us and we had to use the stomach pump on about 20 men, it appeared that they had Ptomaine poisoning but we could not get to the cause of it. I turned in about 12 p.m. sleeping in the dispensary with 30 others, but odd ones kept coming in sick during the night. They were all sent to hospital and from 7.30 to 6 a.m. Tuesday 26th we went through 102 troops suffering.

Tuesday 26th January, 1915

After a broken nights sleep I got up at reveille 6 a.m. feeling pretty tired. We went through the sick parade at 7 a.m. and we had a very large number of the troops who were suffering slightly from Ptomaine poisoning not so bad as the night before. We tried to find the cause of the poisoning through the day but could not. A good many of the men were feeling very seedy, but I was quite well and must have been fortunate enough to leave the cause of the poisoning alone, although I did not know it. We got wireless news of Admiral Beatty's victory over the Germans and of his sinking the Blucher, also that the Turks were sniping along the Suez Canal.

Wednesday 27th January, 1915

Usual sick parade and round of patients this morning. Then I went on to the boat deck with Capt Dawson to assist him as we had a medical inspection for all the troops on board. This kept us going till midday. After dinner we had a general inspection of all troops on board in full marching order and with entire kits as for disembarkation, by the O.C. of units, Capt Dawson being our O.C., as the Colonel is on board the Ulysses. We passed 5 boats during the day and expect to reach Suez tomorrow. We had some news that the British forces were driving back the Germans.

Thursday 28th January, 1915

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Did my rounds again this morning and then we did some packing of medical utensils in the dispensary. We were at this till dinner time. We passed a small pleasure yacht about 8.30 a.m. quite close, it was flying the Egyptian flag. We saw land all day today and about 4 p.m. sighted the rest of our fleet at anchor at the mouth of the Suez Canal. We were packing all afternoon in case we have to disembark at Egypt. We anchored alongside the rest of the transports about 6 p.m. at the mouth of the Suez Canal. Just as we anchored a small gunboat passed us, it was about as big as the Edina and had 2 guns.

Friday 29th January, 1915

Port Suez looked lovely this morning from the deck of our steamer. It is the prettiest scene I have seen since leaving Melb. We got a move on about 11 a.m. and entered the canal, it is a wonderful piece of work. We passed a cruiser the Ocean just inside the canal, they gave us a rousing cheer and early this afternoon we passed the cruiser Minerva and the Indian transport Himalaya which has a lot of guns on and has been turned into an auxiliary cruiser. They were all 3 moored to the bank of the canal ready to defend it against the Turks. All along the banks of the canal are soldiers entrenched ready to defend it, most of them are Ghurkhas, so far as we have seen today they are very lively and cheered for all they were worth as we passed. They seem to be in a very strong position.

Saturday 30th January, 1915

We anchored last night in one of the lakes in the canal called the Bitter Lake and we got under way again about 10 a.m. this morning. We passed lots of troops entrenched on the banks, most of the way up the country is just sand. We passed the Orsova on her way to Australia and also an Indian transport full of Indian troops, taking them up the canal to where the fighting is expected to be more severe. We anchored in another lake about 2.30 p.m. and a small launch came off from shore where there is a small town called Ishmaeli, towing a pontoon on which were some Australian Engineers. As they came closer I picked out a couple of them, W. Hill, my fiancee's brother and A Milne. I was agreeably surprised to see them, we threw them tobacco and cigarettes and tucker, they came quite close and we learned the Turks were not far away and already there had been a slight engagement.

Sunday 31st January, 1915

We hoisted our anchor about 10 a.m. this morning and moved away from Ishmael. We saw troops all along the banks of the canal ready entrenched, waiting for the Turks. Our men looked well prepared for any attack that might come. We also saw 5 or 6 aeroplanes flying over Ishmaeli keeping an eye open for the Turks. We passed some more British and French warships one of ours being the Swiftsure. We also passed an Italian cruiser the Calabria, she saluted us and all her men stood at attention as we passed. Then we passed a French passenger steamer and the

Page 14 passengers were very enthusiastic. We had to tie up for about an hour and a half to let about a dozen ships pass us. We then got a move on and reached Port Said about 7 p.m. this evening.

Monday 1st February, 1915

Woke up this morning and found our ships anchored about 50 yards from the wharf at Port Said. We remained there till about 4 p.m. this afternoon when we steamed away for Alexandria. Port Said does not look bad from the water but I believe it is very dirty behind the front street. The natives tried to get fruit up to us but we had a guard on to keep them off, instructions were issued to the troops that they were to buy nothing on pain of being put in the guard room, also one of the ships boats was lowered and military police put in it to keep away the natives boats. Some red cross nurses were rowed alongside who were stationed there. They were from the Alfred Hospital, Melb.

Tuesday 2nd February, 1915

Six weeks since we left Melbourne. Anchored at Alexandria about 8 a.m. this morning and we moved alongside the wharf about 12 noon. We were not allowed to go ashore. The wharf was crowded with natives trying to sell fruit etc. but we were not allowed to buy, although some managed it. An elderly white gentleman was on the wharf and he bought dozens of oranges and got some young chaps to throw them up to us, he was a real sport. Some of the East Lancashire regiment (English Territorials) came down to the wharf and had a yarn with some of them, they have been here about 5 months. Some of the troops off our boat disembarked tonight. I have been packing most of the day in the dispensary.

Wednesday 3rd February, 1915

I was busy packing all morning in the dispensary. I have finished with the venereal patients. I got a letter posted ashore by one of my pals who got off. At 10.30 a.m. we paraded for rations for disembarkation (tinned beef and biscuits). At 11.30 a.m. we paraded with our full kits and left the ship and entrained for Heliopolis near Cairo. Our train which was alongside the wharf left Alexandria at 12.30 noon. We reached Heliopolis about 7.30 p.m. Heliopolis is about 110 miles from Alexandria. Our kits were taken to the camp from the Station on motor lorries and we marched about 3 miles. We were allotted tents, 10 in ours but we had no lights. They then gave us some tea and stew after which we were each given 1 blanket. We then went to our tents and laid down, but were called out 10 minutes after to unload some wagons after which we turned in for the night.

Thursday 4th February, 1915

Reveille was at 6.30 a.m. this morning, but we were not called out till after breakfast. We then went on parade and were detailed off in sections for fatigue duty such as

Page 15 putting tents up and unloading wagons. I was with a section with 12 men and we had to put a large double marquee up, for the officers mess, it took us till dinner time to fix it up. After dinner we were unpacking waggons and doing general fatigue duty to get the camp straight. Just before tea we had another blanket issued and were told that general leave for the camp was given every night from 5 p.m. to 10.30 p.m. to go into Heliopolis, but if we wished to go to Cairo we must apply for a special pass, otherwise we would not be allowed to go. I went into Heliopolis this evening.

Friday 5th February, 1915

Reveille at 6 a.m. this morning. Parade at 6.45 a.m. with physical drill till 7.45 and breakfast at 8 a.m. Parade again at 9 a.m. I was not on this parade as I was assisting to unpack instruments and drugs and to get the dispensary in order. I was on this work till tea time after which I went into Heliopolis again to have a look round. It is a fine looking place, the buildings being very noticeable. I had a look at the Grand Palace Hotel, which is now turned into a base hospital, it is a very large and magnificent building. The natives are all along the streets hawking goods of all kinds but mostly cheap goods and anything I wish to buy I have to argue and bargain as they invariably ask about four times the value of their articles. I had a donkey ride for fun, cost a piastre, 2 1/2 pence.

Saturday 6th February, 1915

Physical drill again this morning till breakfast time after which I was at the dispensary again till dinner time. I applied for a pass to go to Cairo and was given one so along with 3 pals we went to Cairo about 2 p.m. It cost half a piastre 1 1/4 pence in the electric car from Heliopolis to Cairo station. Cairo is a fine looking place and seems fairly busy. We had a look round some of the main streets and I was impressed with some of the buildings. We had tea at a restaurant ham and eggs (3) and stuffed tomatoes which cost 8 Piastres (1/8). We then hired a carriage and pair of horses to take us to a suburb called Gamrah, where one of my pals had a friend. It cost us 2/- for the drive and we did not find the place we wanted, so went to some pictures. Arrived back at camp about 10 p.m.

Sunday 7th February, 1915

Paraded this morning at 7 a.m. and was busy erecting tents till breakfast time after which I went to church parade which was held close to our camp on the desert. After church parade we had a march past the Brigadier General and then went to our tents. I spent the afternoon in writing letters home and I also had a visit from J. Brownell who I knew in Crewe, England and who is with the 2nd Stationary Hospital at present stationed at the Grand Palace Hotel, Heliopolis. We had a short talk about old times. After tea I went out with another young fellow for a walk round the town, we paid a visit to Luna Park and found it very up to date. It is only open on Sundays and I only saw about 6 females there, although the place was full of men.

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Monday 8th February, 1915

Reveille at 6 a.m. Paraded at 6.45 a.m. and put some more tents up for the officers. After breakfast we were on the same job and the same again in the afternoon till 4.30 p.m. when we were told off into different tents. The same lot of fellows who were in my tent got together in our new tent so we were alright. We got fixed up in our new tent and had tea and then 4 of us went out for a walk. We went to the American Mission and I wrote a letter to my brother Harold. The Mission was crowded with soldiers and a man was playing the piano and the men were singing. After a short time an officer came in and started a mission service, he spoke in a splendid manner and gave some of the very best advice.

Tuesday 9th February, 1915

Reveille at 6 a.m. Physical drill at 6.45 a.m. till 7.45 a.m. After breakfast I was told off with 5 others to assist the Quartermaster. We went to the Army Service Corps and loaded 8 wagons with fodder for our horses and brought them to our lines and unloaded them. It was dinner time by the time we had done this. After dinner we went on the same job only it was for tucker for the men, we were at this till tea time. We had a little trouble at tea time owing to short rations being issued, we all got up from the mess tables and paraded before the officers and they promised to have the matter fixed up. I did not go out after tea just stayed in and went to bed early. Wednesday 10th February, 1915

Reveille at 5.45 a.m. this morning and paraded at 6.15. We were dismissed after being told to get ready for a full days march in full kit. We had rations issued at 7.30 a.m. consisting of a piece of bread about 1/2 lb and about 1 oz of cheese also a 7 lb tin of jam was taken for A Section. This had to do us for dinner. We moved away about 8 a.m. All the 4th Brigade was out and of course we are the A.M.C. for that Brigade. We had to march to Abbassea, a suburb of Cairo about 5 miles from Heliopolis and there we met the 1st Exp. Force who had marched out to meet us, it was a general concentration of the Australian troops and they looked well, I don't know how many their were.

Thursday 11th February, 1915

Reveille at 6 a.m. Physical drill at 6.45 a.m. Breakfast at 8 a.m. After breakfast we fixed up a marquee for a hospital tent for A Section and it was arranged I should go on duty from 3.30 p.m. till 11.30 p.m. with two other men. I went on at 3.30 p.m. and found 9 patients all suffering from colds, slight influenza. We were paid about 4.30 p.m. I received 16/- in Egyptian money. After tea was over for the patients we arranged for two of us to go out for an hour or so to Heliopolis while the other stayed and looked after the patients. One of the other boys and myself went out and we met 3 others out of our tent so we went to Luna Park for an hour and enjoyed ourselves. It is marvellous that there were no women or girls at such a place, I did

Page 17 not see a single one, just soldiers. Was back at camp before 9.30 p.m. and stayed in the hospital till 11.30 p.m.

Friday 12th February 1915

Did not have to get up for parade this morning after working late on the hospital. While we are on hospital work we don't have to attend parades, but as the D.G.M. General Williams was expected to inspect us we were told to be on parade at 9.15 a.m. We paraded but were told to fall out, so we (3 of us) went into Heliopolis to have a hot bath which we did not get as there was no hot water till 4 p.m. We had a walk round and went to the American Mission where I bought some post cards and posted them, also wrote a letter. We then had dinner after which we went to the Grand Palace Hotel which is now a base hospital and had a look round it. It is lovely from the outside but it is wonderful inside. It cost 3 million pounds to build and 75,000 pounds to furnish. We were back at camp at 3 p.m., ready to go on duty at 3.30 p.m. Same 9 patients in hospital, nothing to do only feed them and give them medicine every 4 hours.

Saturday 13th February, 1915

Got up about 7.30 a.m. and spent the morning in having a good clean up and rearranged my kit. At midday we (5 of us) got passes to go to Cairo. From Cairo we took a taxi, cost us about 1/6 each to Mena, there is a large camp at Mena also the Pyramids. Arriving at the foot of the pyramids we took a guide cost us 1/- each, to take us round. Our guide was the man who acted as guide to Sir A. Conan Doyle. He took us round the pyramids and explained things as we went along. The first pyramid which is the largest is 451 ft high and was built 3,700 B.C. The stone was brought from a quarry 18 miles away and it took 100,000 men 33 years to build it. We had to take our boots and leggings off to go inside. We entered through a small opening and followed our guide, it is just a small tunnel running right into the heart of the pyramid. A good distance in it branches off into 2 tunnels each leading to a stone chamber, one of which was the tomb for the King (Pharoh) and the other for the Queen. The pyramids are simply tombs. The sides of the pyramids are now just like steps, but at one time they were covered with plaster or mortar which has worn off with time except for a little at the top of the 2nd one. We had a look at the Sphinx and were in the temple of Shefron. They are at present digging out an underground city, but we were unable to get in. The pyramids are called, the pyramids of Charep, Shefron and Mancaro. We were back at camp just after 10 p.m.

Sunday 14th February, 1915

We had a very quiet day today and I was glad as I was very stiff after climbing round the pyramids yesterday. I came on duty at 7.30 a.m. and was on till 11.30 p.m., which is two shifts, this is on account of the other fellows doing my shift yesterday so I could get a day off and so I am doing the same for them today. I have 8 patients,

Page 18 one of whom is a suspected Enteric Fever case. He is to be sent to the base hospital tomorrow. I had to miss church parade this morning, but it was held close to the hospital and I could hear as much as if I was there. It has been a long day 16 hours on at the hospital, but things were very quiet and I wrote a couple of letters in the evening. Gen. Sir Ian Hamilton was here today and inspected our whole division. I believe he was very pleased with the troops. Our division is composed of New Zealand and Australian troops, combined, the Australian part of it being the 4th Brigade of which our corps is a part. I was not on parade at this inspection as I had been on duty all the night before and had today off to get some sleep.

Monday 15th February, 1915

I stayed in camp all day today, I was resting and reading till 3.30, when I went on duty in the hospital. Only have three patients in today and one who is our own Corps is convalescent. One of the others is suffering from Dysentery and the other has a very bad cold, so none are serious. I was on till 6 p.m. by myself as the other fellow who should be with me is doing some carpenting. He joined me about 6 p.m. and we had a quiet night till 11.30 when we turned in. I wrote a couple of letters and read a little. Made a cup of cocoa and had some bread and butter before we turned in, just to warm us up as it is very cold and chilly tonight.

Tuesday 16th February, 1915

After breakfast this morning I had a walk into Heliopolis with two other chaps. We went to the America Mission and read some of the English papers which are of course not up to date, but still very welcome. I was playing the piano while my two friends were writing and the lady missionary gave me a small book of the Gospel according to St. John. We stayed and had a cup of tea and sandwich and a cake each, instead of going back to camp for dinner, it cost us two Piastres 5d each. We returned to camp at 3.30 p.m. and two of us went on at the hospital, only one patient in today with slight Ptomaine poisoning so not much to do, everything went of pretty quiet and we turned in at 11.30 p.m.

Wednesday 17th February, 1915

Went on the hospital at 7.30 a.m. this morning. We only had one patient to start with, but had nine when I knocked off at 3.30 p.m. There was nothing of interest happened while I was at the hospital. I went for a walk in to Heliopolis this evening along with two of the fellows out of our tent and a friend of one of them out of the Light Horse. We were back at 8.30 p.m. and had a little sing-song in the tent for half an hour after which I made my bed and turned in. I was up at 6 a.m. this morning, as a new order has been issued to the effect that everyone must turn out for roll call on the 6.45 a.m. parade except those working all night.

Thursday 18th February, 1915

Page 19 Was on parade for roll call at 6.45 a.m. this morning. Went on the hospital at 7.30 a.m. Five of our patients were sent to the general hospital. I had to go into Cairo after breakfast to get some quotations for copper tanks for Capt. Dawson. I tramped all over Cairo but was unsuccessful. I arrived back at Heliopolis about 3.30 p.m. and had a look round. I bought a small vase, gold inlaid to send to my fiance while I was in Heliopolis. Arrived at camp about 4.30 p.m. thoroughly tired out. After tea I just lay down in the tent and yarned with three other of the boys who did not go out and I turned in for the night about 9 p.m.

Friday 19th February, 1915

Went on at the hospital at 7.30 a.m. this morning and as I heard there was to be a march I asked Capt. Dawson if I could go and he said certainly. We set out from camp at 10 a.m. taking our midday rations with us, bread, sardines and jam. We marched through Heliopolis and then turned off into the desert. All the troops were out from round here, engaged in tactical manouvers. We marched about 5 or 6 miles from camp and then sat down about 12.30 noon and had dinner. We stayed where we were till about 3.45 p.m. and then had word from Headquarters to start for home which we reached about 5.30 p.m. The Colonel complimented us on our march and dismissed us. I did not go out after tea, just stayed in the tent and yarned with the boys.

Saturday 20th February, 1915

On again at the hospital at 7.30 a.m., only had four patients to day. We the 4th F. Amb. and our camp was inspected at 10 a.m. by Inspector General Battie V.C. who I believe is the head of the entire Australasian A.M.C. I have not heard yet what the outcome of the inspection is. This afternoon I played for the 4th F. Amb. soccer team against the East Lancashire R.F.A. on the Heliopolis sports clubs ground. After a good game we won by one goal to nil. This is our first match and I played centre-half. I enjoyed the game very much, but was a little tired at the finish. I came straight back to camp and had a cold shower before tea. After tea I lay down in my tent and had a look at the letters again which I received last mail.

Sunday 21st February, 1915

On parade at 6.45 a.m. this morning and went on the hospital at 7.30 a.m. We had four patients when I went on but one was discharged fit for duty and the other three were sent to the base hospital leaving us without any patients at all, so we cleaned up the hospital thoroughly ready for inspection by Major Meikle and Capt. Dawson. After inspection we made a cup of coffee and settled down for a read. After I was off duty at 3.30 p.m. I went to the Heliopolis Post Office to register a parcel to be sent to Melbourne and to post some letters. The Post Office was closed and I could not send the parcel, so I returned to camp and had tea, did not go out to-night, stayed and talked war with the boys.

Page 20 Monday 22nd February, 1915

Had a medical inspection to day. On parade at 6.45 a.m. this morning and went on the hospital at 7.30 a.m. We had no patients at all in today so I wrote three letters and talked with the other two orderlies till dinner time. After dinner I went back to the hospital as we had to stay there even though we had no patients. We had everything clean and tidy and at 3.30 p.m. we were relieved. I immediately went and had a shower bath as it has been pretty warm today and then got dressed and went to the Heliopolis Post Office and posted my letters and a book of views, also registered a parcel containing a small Egyptian vase which I was sending to my fiance. Returned to camp for tea and did not go out again.

Tuesday 23rd February, 1915

On parade 6.45 a.m. for roll call and was on at the hospital at 7.30 a.m. We received four patients during the morning. One of them was one of the boys from our own tent and he was sent during the day to the base hospital. His case was queried Lumbago and he seemed pretty bad. None of the other three were very sick, just slight colds. After dinner we had a grand parade and were inspected by Surgeon General Williams, head of the A.A.M.C. He passed some comments on our not being fully equipped and as we were dismissed he complimented us on our general appearance and behaviour during inspection. He had a look round the hospitals and seemed quite satisfied. I did not go out of camp this evening and turned into bed about 8 p.m.

Wednesday 24th February, 1915

On parade 6.45 a.m. and on duty at the hospital at 7.30 a.m. We had no patients today so Captain Dawson gave us permission to go on a march with the stretcher bearers. We marched through "Zeitoun" to the native village of "Matarich" about 4 miles from our camp. We had a look at and a drink from the "Virgins Well" which is at this village. It is the well Joseph and Mary with the infant Jesus rested at and drank from in their flight from Jerusalem to Egypt. The tree under which they rested is also alongside the well and is 2000 years old, it is dead now and is propped up to keep it in place. We also went inside the church adjoining which was built in 1904. It is lovely inside and has 6 beautiful paintings on the walls, 3 each side, of the flight from Jerusalem. They are about 6 feet square. 1st. Massacre of Infants 2nd. Warning to flee 3rd. Flight from Jerusalem 4th. Resting on the Banks of the Nile 5th. Resting under the tree alongside the church 6th. Entering old Heliopolis. It was a most interesting trip. I added my signature to the church book. We were paid this afternoon. I drew £1-8-0. I went to Cairo as soon as we were paid, with 3 pals and we went and had a splendid meal for 2/6 each. This was our main object in

Page 21 going. We had a look around and returned to camp by 10 p.m., when I received a letter from Mother which I read and then turned in.

Thursday 25th February, 1915

On parade as usual for roll call at 6.45 a.m. and at the hospital at 7.30 a.m. No patients today. Received a letter from Daisy this morning, so set to to write to Mother and Daisy. Nothing of interest occured today past the usual routine except for a kit inspection about 11 a.m. Finished my letters after dinner and was relieved at hospital at 3.30 p.m. Had a lay down in the tent till tea-time. After tea I went to the American Mission to get stamps and to post letters. Was back in camp before 8 p.m. and did some more writing as I was by myself till I turned in to go to sleep about 9 p.m. My pal is in hospital since dinner time with influenza. Temperature is 92® in the shade.

Friday 26th February, 1915

Reveille at 6 a.m. this morning. Paraded at 6.30 a.m. and had breakfast at 7 a.m. with orders to be ready in full marching order by 8 a.m. This referred to everyone except A.Sec. tent division of which I am one and we had to look after our own hospital and B & C Sect. as well. The reason for this was that a number of New Zealand troops had been sent out to act as the enemy and attack Zeitoun about 1½ miles from our camp. Another body of troops occupied Zeitoun to resist the supposed enemy and our men had to be ready in case they were needed to pick up supposed wounded. Our men were all ready and lay about camp in full kit ready to be away at a moments notice, but they were not called on till 4 p.m. and 10 minutes before they could get right away the order was countermanded as they were not needed. This is how we will be under actual war conditions. Nothing of interest happened concerning myself at the hospital.

Saturday 27th February, 1915

On parade for roll call at 6.45 a.m. and at the hospital at 7.30 a.m. We only had two patients and we sent them to the base hospital and just cleaned up. At half past one all our tent except one who is in the base hospital with Lumbago, set out for Heliopolis and we had our photo's taken - 10 of us. We just had a walk round and returned to camp for tea. It has been pretty warm all day and a fresh wind blowing the sand about made it uncomfortable to be out. After tea four of us played euchre just to pass the time away until about 8.30 p.m. when we turned in and went to sleep. Some of our fellows had a drink and were troublesome last night, we were paraded today and restrictions placed on our leave.

Sunday 28th February, 1915

On parade at 6.45 a.m. No patients in hospital today. Spent the morning in reading a book. After dinner four of us went for a walk to the Virgins Well and the tree and

Page 22 church again. Two of the boys had cameras and wanted to take some photos. They took one of the church with two of us standing on the steps, one of the tree with two of us standing by and one of the Well with two of us standing by it. I had another drink out of the Well. On our way back we stopped a native cart with some natives and two of us stood by while the others got snaps of us. Returned to camp for tea feeling tired, we had done about 10 miles. Did not go out of camp again.

Monday 1st March, 1915

On parade 6.45 a.m. for roll call, had five patients in hospital today. Captain Dawson asked me if I could mend some of our stretchers which were broken and as I could, he told me to get on with them. Could not find any tools at all to work with but managed to improvise sufficient to take them to pieces. I could not put them together again as I had no bolts, so had to leave them. After dinner I had nothing to do so started to darn a pair of socks which for my first attempt I considered I did well. I also sewed some buttons on my clothes. This kept me occupied till tea time, after which we had a short game of euchre and then I did a little writing before turning in.

Tuesday 2nd March, 1915

On parade 6.45 a.m. and went for physical drill till breakfast time. We marched into Heliopolis and had some physical drill on a square in the town then returned to camp for breakfast. After breakfast I went into the hospital till dinner time. After dinner we were all issued with sun helmets and puggarees. I spent the rest of the afternoon in putting my pugaree round by helmet, it was a bit awkward at first but I eventually managed it to my satisfaction. I did not go out after tea, so settled down and did some writing after which we all yarned in the tent till bedtime when we turned in early as we are expecting a long march tomorrow.

Wednesday 3rd March, 1915

Reveille at 5.30 a.m. this morning, breakfast at 8.30 a.m. We marched off to take up our positions for the divisional manouveres. We marched to "Abassia" and joined the rest of the 4th Brigade. At 9.50 a.m. the light horse moved away and we followed at 10 a.m. Our manouveres for today consisted of protecting Cairo, which was supposedly being attacked by 30,000 Turks approaching from the Suez Canal. Our forces moved very quickly and covered an extensive area from what I could see. Our corps marched along the Cairo-Canal road for about 4 miles, then we camped and prepared to receive wounded as in real battle. We had just got things ready when we received orders to move 4 miles further on, just got camp broke up when we recieved further orders to stay where we were. Remained here till 4.45 p.m. Arrived back at camp 6 p.m. Did not go out again, went to bed early having marched about 15 miles. I believe those manouveres were very successful.

Thursday 4th March, 1915

Page 23 Reveille at 6.30 a.m. with no parade till 9.30 a.m. This was to give us a little extra rest after our exertions of yesterday. My shift on the hospital has been changed today and I am going on duty at 11.30 p.m. to 7.30 a.m. tomorrow so I have got today to myself. I spent the morning reading till dinner time and after dinner I arranged for an interview with our Lieutenant Dentist who has only been with our Corps two days and who is to attend to the teeth of the 4th Brigade while he is with us. I heard he was only staying with us three weeks so got in early. At 3 p.m. he started on my teeth and filled one in the lower jaw. I have to see him at 2 p.m. tomorrow about some more. Did not go out of camp at all this evening. Went on duty at 11.30 p.m. Three patients in hospital so not much to do on our shift till 7.30 a.m. in the morning.

Friday 5th March, 1915

Came off duty at hosital at 7.30 a.m. and after breakfast I turned in for a sleep till dinner time. At 2 p.m. I attended again at the dentist and had another tooth stopped. We had another full marching order parade at 3.15 p.m. and were inspected again by Surgeon General Williams. Everything and everywhere in the camp was inspected and I think we shall be leaving here shortly. After the Parade we were not allowed to take any of our kit off as we were under orders to move off on a march at any time Headquarters notified us. We lay about our tents and about 9 p.m. rations were issued. At 10.15 p.m. we had orders to fall in and marched off at 10.30. We marched about four miles and bivouaced on the desert for the night at about 12 p.m.

Saturday 6th March, 1915

Our bivouac finished at 3.45 a.m. this morning when we had orders to get out. It was a very cold night and I dont think anyone slept much. We had no blankets only our overcoats. Set out for camp at 4 a.m. and got back at 5.30 a.m. We were dismissed and turned in for a sleep till 7.30 a.m. when we were up again for breakfast. I felt pretty tired and as I have to go on at the hospital at 11.30 p.m. tonight until 7.30 a.m. tomorrow I spent the rest of the day lying down and reading. After tea three of us went to Heliopolis and had a good hot bath cost us 5 piastres (1/0½) but was worth it. Had a look round Heliopolis and called for our photos, which were not finished. Was back at camp at 8 p.m. and on at the hospital at 11.30 p.m.

Sunday 7th March, 1915

Finished my shift in the hospital at 7.30 a.m. this morning. We had no patients at all, so things were pretty easy. I had a sleep after breakfast till dinner time. After dinner I lay down and read till 3.30 p.m. when I went in the hospital again as we had changed shifts. We had one patient who had come in during the morning. During the afternoon I wrote some letters and after tea I settled down and had a good read. We had practically nothing to do but still we had to remain in the hospital in case any

Page 24 other patients should come. It has been a beast of a day fairly hot and a very strong wind blowing the sand about. I finished my shift at 11.30 p.m.

Monday 8th March, 1915

Was up at 6 a.m. this morning. It has been a terrible day, the wind blowing a hurricane and the sand has been blowing along in clouds like a fog. I am absolutely full of sand, it seems to get through the pores of one's skin. I loafed the day away in my tent till 3.30 p.m. It was too bad to go out and plenty bad enough in the tent. At 3.30 p.m. I went on at the hospital, we have one patient who came in at midday. He is a doctor and is the medical officer for the 16th Battalion. His name is Captain MacGregor and he is suffering from a severe cold. The wind dropped this evening and we are having a lovely night. I wrote another letter after tea and finished my shift on the hospital at 11.30 p.m.

Tuesday 9th March, 1915

Slept in the hospital over night as we only had the one patient Captain MacGregor who has a touch of Bronchitis. Was up at 6 a.m. this morning and after breakfast I lay down and had a sleep till dinner time. Just before I went on at the hospital at 3.30 p.m. I had a good shower bath, it has been very hot today. Still only the one patient so not much to do. I was writing nearly all this afternoon. Everything seems very quiet today, the only excitement being caused by the rumours as to when we are leaving here. We were paid this evening and I drew 156 Piastres. Could not go out tonight again and didn't want to, so did a bit more writing and turned in at 11.30 p.m.

Wednesday 10th March, 1915

Slept in hospital again overnight, expect to get some patients today. I received orders this morning about 9 a.m. to go to Cairo with Sergeant Henderson to do some shopping for the dispensary and for Captain Dawson. We arrived in Cairo about 10 a.m. did our business and then had a good look round. We visited the Citadel and it was most interesting, the walls are of great thickness and altogether it is a remarkable building. We had a look through the armoury in the Citadel and saw some very ancient arms and armour, also all the rifles which were captured recently off the Turks on the Suez Canal about 1200 rifles. We then visited the Sultan Hassan Mosque which is another remarkable building. It was hit with 45 cannon balls when Napoleon conquered Egypt, some of the balls still being in the holes made and we saw them. Napoleon robbed the mosque of most of its valuables, but there is one door which cost £14,000. We also saw the chair which used to be the coronation chair for the sultans and in which Saladin of Richard Coeur de Lion's time was crowned. Also we saw the Sultan Hasson's tomb. The building inside is remarkable. One floor being laid with fancy slabs of which no 2 are alike and the whole place practically is, or was, before Napoleon and in some parts still is inlaid with pearl and gold. We searched all the shops we could find for presents to send

Page 25 home and returned to camp at 10 p.m. and I had to go on at the hospital till 11.30 p.m.

Thursday 11th March, 1915

I was up at 6 a.m. this morning and after breakfast we had orders to strike our tents and load them and our kit bags on the transport wagons and to clear our camp ready to move off. We had everything cleared and loaded before dinner time, we did not know if we really were going to move off or what we were going to do until after dinner when we were told it was only for practice and we had to fix up again. We expect to move off any day now. I came on duty in the hospital at 3.30 and we had five patients including Captain MacGregor. It has been a very bad day especially for striking camp, the wind has been blowing very hard and clouds of sand with a very close atmosphere. Things went on very satisfactory and I finished at the hospital at 11.30 p.m.

Friday 12th March, 1915

Reveille was at 5 a.m. this morning as there was a divisional march and manouvres on. I did not go out as it was our sections day on at the hospital. Our fellows marched out at 7.30 a.m. I had a walk about Heliopolis about 11 a.m. and posted some letters I had wrote. I had a look round for some presents to send home but did not succeed in getting them yet. I arrived back at camp about 1.30 p.m. and went on duty at hospital at 3.30. We have more to do now as the hospital routine has been altered today. We have our three sections and each section has to take 3 days on hospital and 6 days off. The 6 days we have to put in at the Wagon drill. It means for 3 days we have 3 hospitals to look after instead of having one continually. I am on A Section hospital today with 7 patients. Turned in at 11.30 p.m.

Saturday 13th March, 1915

Up at 6 a.m. this morning and our fellows struck the tents and packed up again, putting everything on the transports. About 9 a.m. I had word from Captain Dawson to go into Cairo about 11.45 a.m. and went to a shop H.Blank & Co's and ordered a steriliser according to my specifications, it is to cost £5. After finishing business I had dinner at a restaurant and then took a tram to "Abbassea" to see if I could find my cousin who is in the 5th Manchesters C Company. I found him in his tent and he was pleased to meet me. I stayed to tea with him and his pals, who made me very welcome and then after a clean up the two of us went into Heliopolis for an hour or so. I arrived at camp about 10 p.m.

Sunday 14th March, 1915

Page 26 As there were no patients in C Section's hospital I slept there overnight and did not get up till 8 a.m. this morning. After breakfast I did a little writing and reading till dinner time. I should have gone on at the hospital at 3.30 p.m. but as my cousin J. Rick came over to see me, the other fellow who is on duty with me said he could manage alone, we have seven patients today. My cousin stayed and had tea with us and we had a good yarn, after which we went into Heliopolis and had a walk round together. I saw him on his car about 9 p.m. and was back at camp myself at 9.30 p.m. Went into the hospital and stayed on till 11.30 p.m. then turned in.

Monday 15th March, 1915

Did not get up for early morning parade, had breakfast and turned out on parade at 9.30 a.m. Am not on hospital today as it is B and C Section's turn for a few days. We struck tents and loaded them, also our blankets and kits, on the transport wagons. We unloaded them again and put our tents up just before dinner time. After dinner we had wagon drill, loading stretchers and unloading them. We were interrupted this afternoon in our drill by rain. This is the first rain since we have been here. It rained intermittently all night. We had a motor wagon added to our corps today. Went into Heliopolis after tea to post my letters and took my washing in, I am having it done by a Belgium woman who is a refugee. Went to bed 9.30 p.m.

Tuesday 16th March, 1915

Reveille at 6 a.m. this morning. Went outside the tent and saw a very cloudy and stormy looking sky. The sky has been cloudless and clear every morning before this. We had Physical drill at 6.45 a.m. till 7.45 a.m. and breakfast at 8.15 a.m. It started to rain during breakfast time, also thunder and lightning. After breakfast we had stretcher drill and first aid till 12 noon when we knocked off for dinner. Paraded again at 2.30 p.m. and went out with the wagons on a march. We marched about 6 miles and arrived back at camp for tea. After tea another of the boys and myself went to Heliopolis to buy presents to send home. I bought two cushion covers, two brooches and a maltese lace doyley or table centre. Was back at camp at 8.30 p.m.

Wednesday 17th March, 1915

Reveille at 6 a.m. and parade at 6.45 a.m. I did not go for Physical drill this morning as I was tent orderly. We paraded again at 9 a.m. and were issued with another shirt, 2 pairs underpants, 2 pairs socks and pair laces. At 9.30 a.m. we started on our morning drill, which consisted of first aid, stretcher drill and wagon drill and lasted till 12 noon. After dinner ten of us and the Colonel went out in a wagon about 3 miles with picks and shovels to an old Egyptian burial ground and started digging for curios. We dug till 5 p.m. but found nothing but bones, so returned to camp for tea. After tea my cousin came to see me and we took a walk out for my washing, which is being done by a Belgium refugee. Back at camp at 8 p.m. and wrote some letters, then turned in.

Page 27 Thursday 18th March, 1915

Reveille at 6 a.m. and parade at 6.45 a.m. Physical drill till 7.45 a.m. and breakfast at 8 a.m. Parade again at 9.30 a.m. with stretcher drill, wagon drill and semaphore signalling till 12 noon. There was a route march this afternoon but I did not go as I did not feel too well. I lay down in the tent and wrote a couple of letters and read the paper till tea time. After tea I received a visit from a chap who worked with me at Newport named MacPherson. After he had gone I parcelled some presents up, which I had bought to send home and took a walk to the post office and registered them, also posting my letters. Returned to camp about 9 p.m. and went to bed.

Friday 19th March, 1915

Reveille at 6 a.m. and parade at 6.45 a.m. There was no Physical drill this morning as we were striking camp. We struck camp and loaded and the boys marched off. I was left behind to do picket round the camp. I was on from 11 a.m. till 3 p.m. and will be on again from 11 p.m. to 3 a.m. in the morning. I have not been allowed to leave camp today, none of the picket are during their 24 hour guard duty. Just have to sleep and loll about in the guard tent during the hours we are off duty, can't undress ourselves as we have to be ready to turn out if needed at a moments notice. The boys arrived back at camp about 5 p.m. and fixed up the tents again. It has been very warm today.

Saturday 20th March, 1915

Reveille at 6 a.m. parade at 6.45 a.m. with Physical drill till 7.45 a.m. At 9.15 a.m. I was sent with three others to the New Zealand Headquarters at Zeitoun with one of our wagons for some medical supplies. Arrived back at camp at 12 noon. After dinner, I had a pass to go to Cairo, so I set out for Mena to look up Daisy's brother and some other friends. Arrived at Mena about 4 p.m. and found W. Hill out on leave. I then looked up S. Cohen who I found in his tent. We went to the Y.M.C.A. and sat talking till 7 p.m. when I left and set out back for camp which I reached at 10 p.m. Had news today of the loss of 3 battleships by the Allies in the Dardanelles.

Sunday 21st March, 1915

Went on duty at 7.30 a.m. at the hospital. We had fourteen patients today, none serious. I remained on duty till 3.30 p.m. when I went to my tent and had a read. My cousin out of the 5th Manchester Regiment stationed at Abbassia came to visit me just before tea. After tea we remained talking till about 8 p.m. when my cousin left to go back to his camp and I went to the tent used by the dentist as his workshop and did a couple of hours writing. I wrote till 10 p.m. then went to my tent and turned in just before lights out blew.

Monday 22nd March, 1915

Page 28 On duty at the hospital again at 7.30 a.m. Only two patients today. There was a big inspection of our brigade this morning at Zeitoun. I was unable to go being on at the hospital. The boys arrived back at camp from the inspection about 12 noon. The inspection was a great success and the troops were complimented on their drill and appearance. Came off the hospital at 3.30 p.m. and after tea finished my letters and went into Heliopolis and posted them. Arrived back at camp about 9 p.m. I heard the Colonel of the 16th Battalion address his men today and he said they would be with the British troops inside of a fortnight.

Tuesday 23rd March, 1915

On at the hospital at 7.30 a.m. We had seven patients today. Nothing very interesting occurred today except that a mail arrived from Australia, but there were no letters for me, still there is more mail to arrive tomorrow. The rest of our corps went out on a route march and fixed a dressing station, they left camp at 9.30 a.m. and arrived back at about 5 p.m. I finished my spell on the hospital at 3.30 p.m. and after tea paid a visit along with one of the boys to the American Mission. The lady missionary is leaving tomorrow for a fortnight, so she gave me a testament as we expect to be away before she gets back. In camp again before 9 p.m.

Wednesday 24th March, 1915

Reveille at 6 a.m. Physical drill at 6.45 a.m. till 7.45 a.m. At 9.15 a.m. we fell in on parade and marched off along the Suez road taking our midday meal with us. We marched about 4 miles then pitched our tents for hospitals and went through manouvres as if we were really in the fighting line. We arrived back at camp about 4 p.m. and were paid. I drew one pound. After tea a mail arrived from Australia and I received 2 letters one from Mother and one from Daisy. Mother sent me a photo of herself and one of my sister Dorothy. Four of us then went into Heliopolis as it was pay night and had a feed of bacon and eggs and salad, with bread, butter and tea, cost us 4 piastres (10d) each. Back in camp by 8.30 p.m.

Thursday 25th March, 1915

On the hospital again this morning at 7.30 a.m.. Had 9 patients today. At 11.30 a.m. I had to go to the general hospital (Palace Hotel) with a patient who was rather bad in the motor ambulance. After dinner 14 of us had leave as we were playing a football match at Abbassia against the Khedivial school. We had a hard game and made a draw, 2 goals each, I think we would have won had we had a little more practice together. I scored the first goal for our side. I arrived back at camp at about 6.30 p.m. had a shower bath then settled down to some writing. I received a letter tonight from my cousin Miriam from Crewe.

Page 29 Friday 26th March, 1915

Reveille at 6 a.m. and paraded at 6.45 a.m. The orders of the day were read out to us and then we started to take the tents down and packing up the whole camp on our transport wagons. After breakfast we finished packing and then marched off taking our midday meal with us and all our transports leaving our camp bare. We marched to Abbassia about 4 miles from our camp and started to pitch a new camp. After erecting the tents and making everything ship-shape in the new camp we had lunch. These are the operations we will go through when actually in the field. About 3 p.m. we pulled down our camp again, packed up and proceeded back to our old camping ground, pitched the tents and made the camp as usual then had a hot dinner. Stayed in camp tonight writing my letters.

Saturday 27th March, 1915

Reveille at 6 a.m. parade at 6.45 a.m. After breakfast we paraded at 9.45 a.m. and had tent striking and pitching drill till 11 a.m. when we had a kit inspection and every man having more than 20lbs weight of kit in addition to what he wears and carries on his person was instructed to get rid of the surplus. After dinner three of us took a tram to Cairo and from there to a native village called "Choubrah", it is just a mass of mud houses and shops all jumbled together and very dirty. We returned to Cairo after having a look around the village and had a look at the Sultan's Palace. After having tea we went to the "Kursal", Cairo's Tivoli or variety show. It was fairly good and finished at 8.30 p.m. when we took the car back to camp, which we reached about 9.15 p.m.

Sunday 28th March, 1915

Reveille at 6 a.m. It was our (A. Section's) turn on the hospital today. I am on the midnight shift from 11.30 p.m. till 7.30 a.m. in the morning. I put the morning and afternoon in by writing my letters. There was no church parade this morning as a violent sandstorm was on and lasted about 2 hours. It calmed down about 2 p.m. and the rest of the day has been very nice, with a beautiful evening. After tea a pal and myself walked to Luna Park and sat in the gardens listening to the band of the 4th Manchester Regiment which was playing there. We returned to camp at 8.30 p.m. and I turned in till 11.30 p.m. when I went on duty in the hospital. We had 11 patients, none serious.

Monday 29th March, 1915

Was on duty at hospital overnight till 7.30 a.m. this morning when I knocked off and after getting some breakfast I turned in and slept till dinner time. I only have one pair of boots, my first pair having been worn out some time ago. The pair I have badly needed repairing so I took the opportunity of giving them to our corps cobbler to repair today while I slept. After dinner I arranged my kit bag and contents as near as I could, to bring it down to the weight (20lbs) we are allowed to take with us when we

Page 30 move. I had about 40lbs but have fixed it up. I then did some more writing till tea time, after which I went to Heliopolis and posted my letters, returning to camp and bed about 8 p.m. It has been very windy today and the sand has been flying about.

Tuesday 30th March, 1915

Reveille at 6 a.m. this morning. I did not go on parade for Physical drill as I wanted to see Captain Dawson about my boots which the cobbler had not done yesterday as he ought to have done. Captain Dawson lent me a pair of his own while mine were repaired today. At 9.30 a.m. we set out on a march along the Suez road and after going about 5 or 6 miles we pitched camp, then proceeded over the sand about another mile and fixed up an advanced dressing station and our men were detailed off, just as in actual warfare. They collected the supposed wounded and bought them in and we fixed up and retired to the camp further back. About 3 p.m. we loaded up and set out back for our camp at Heliopolis which we reached about 4.30 p.m. It has been a fiery hot day, the heat of the sand could be felt through our boots.

Wednesday 31st March, 1915

Reveille at 6 a.m. Parade at 6.45 a.m. Our camp was struck and the boys moved off and pitched again at "Abbassia", moving from Heliopolis at 9.30 a.m.. I stayed behind as it is our Section's day on at the hospital. I have not to go on duty till 11.30 p.m. tonight. I spent the day going through my kit again and reading and writing. I received a paper by post this morning from my Aunt Louisa from Manchester and was very pleased. The boys arrived back from their day's manouvres about 4.30 p.m. and they looked very tired, it has been a very hot and dusty day, very depressing. I had a shower bath this afternoon which greatly refreshed me and I had a couple of hours sleep after tea before going on duty at 11.30 p.m.

Thursday 1st April, 1915

Was on duty in hospital all night till 9.30 a.m. this morning. We had 28 patients, none serious only one who needed watching. He was raving mad from drink and we had to tie him down and inject morphia to keep him quiet. He was right again this morning and was sent back to his lines. We played some 1st April jokes on some of our comrades during the early hours of this morning. One sergeant we woke and pitched a yarn to, got up and saddled his horse and was galloping off before he found out the joke. Another one got up to take the dying depositions of a man who did not exist. Altogether we had about 20 N.C.O's and men out on fool's errands between 2 a.m. and 5 a.m. The picket assisted in the joke. I turned in after breakfast and slept till 2.30 p.m. when I got up shaved, had a shower and made myself respectable. Did not go out of camp this evening. Very hot and depressing again today.

Friday 2nd April, 1915

Page 31 Reveille was not till 6.30 a.m. this morning and we paraded at 7 a.m. when we were informed that as it was "Good Friday" we were to have a holiday and the day was to be as a Sunday. At 10.15 a.m. our corps played a soccer match against the 16th Battalion Infantry. I was playing centre half for our corps and after a hard game and an element of luck on our side we won by 3 goals to 2. I had the good fortune to score the second goal for our side. We played on the Heliopolis sporting Club's ground so I returned to camp straight away and had a good shower before dinner. I lay in the tent reading till after tea when three of us and my cousin who had come to see me took a walk into Heliopolis. During the evening we heard there was a serious riot raging in Cairo and that shots had been freely exchanged,

Saturday 3rd April, 1915

Reveille at 6 a.m. this morning. Our (A) Section's day on at the hospital so did not have to parade. During this morning we had a thorough kit inspection and were told to reduce the weight of our kits to 20lbs as we are to leave this camp about Wednesday next. I stayed in camp all afternoon until after tea, had all my hair cut off in case of disease. Orders were issued for everyone to have their hair cut short, all those who did not have it done by 6.30 p.m. we carried to the transport Sergeant's tent and he ran the clipper right through the centre of their hair so that they had to have it all off. This evening four of us went to Luna Park, a fair number of soldiers were there as Cairo leave was stopped. A native who insulted an English lady had a bad time of it, he was thrown into the water chute lake and hauled out and thrown in again about ½ dozen times. Was back at camp 10 p.m. On duty at hospital at 11.30 p.m.

Sunday 4th April, 1915

On duty at hospital all night till 7.30 a.m. this morning. We had eight patients. After breakfast I put the whole morning till dinner time in at sewing another part onto my haversack so that I can carry more in it. We had to hand our Red Cross brassards in to be stamped by the Brigadier as they are not recognised as genuine without his stamp. I had a sleep after dinner till tea time which I needed and after tea I wrote another letter then went to the Heliopolis post office and posted it. Heliopois was very quiet tonight, most of the soldiers not being allowed to leave camp on account of going away this week. Back in camp 9 p.m. On at hospital at 11.30 p.m.

Monday 5th April, 1915

Came off duty at hospital at 7.30 a.m. this morning, we had three patients in overnight. It has been a very windy night and all day it has been blowing a hurricane and the flying sand has been like a thick fog, it has been a terrible day, one not to be forgotten. Our boys struck camp and marched off on an embarkation inspection about 11 a.m. and returned about 1 p.m. I stayed behind as I had been on duty all night. We could not get any water to drink or to wash ourselves till about 6.30 p.m. tonight so with the heat, which was intense, perspiration, flying sand, we have been

Page 32 in a dirty and miserable condition all day. Cannot get the true strength of the riot in Cairo on Friday night. Heard from good authority 8 deaths had occured. All our leave is stopped from today. Cannot get out of camp. On at hospital at 11.30 p.m. tonight.

Tuesday 6th April 6th, 1915

Was on duty all night in the hospital till 7.30 a.m. this morning. After breakfast we all had to finally pack our kit bags and then each one was weighed to see that they did not go more than 20lbs. All those that had them overweight were ordered to take something out and reduce the weight to the allowance. My kit was 19lbs, but I have some things rolled in my overcoat and in my blanket. We were then issued with our emergency rations, which we carry with us always, we must not touch them unless specially ordered, consist of tinned beef, biscuits and tea and sugar to last 48 hours. We were paid this afternoon. I drew £1-0-4d. One of the B Section fellows of our corps died last night at the base hospital from Pneumonia, he was taken to the Base from the "Berrima" when we landed. I received a letter from my brother Harold and one from my young lady (Daisy) tonight. I posted some letters tonight at the camp post office. On at hospital at 11.30 p.m. tonight.

Wednesday 7th April, 1915

Finished duty at hospital at 7.30 a.m. this morning and after breakfast I had a sleep till dinner time. After dinner our full corps paraded to attend the funeral of our comrade (Parker) of B Section. A firing party and the 16th Battalion band were with us. We marched to the hospital (Palace Hotel) where the coffin was placed on a New Zealand gun carriage and we went to the church yard the other side of Cairo. On the way we passed four ambulance vans with wounded Turks in them being conveyed from the hospital to barracks. The churchyard in which our pal was buried, was a military one and was kept in splendid order. Three volleys were fired and the "Last Post" blown and we returned to camp. After tea I went for a hot bath at the military baths and went to bed at 9.30 p.m. Up to date 130 of the A.I.E.F are buried in this churchyard. On at hospital at 11.30 p.m. tonight.

Thursday 8th April, 1915

Came off duty at hospital at 7.30 a.m. this morning, only two patients. At 9.30 a.m. our corps marched off along the Suez road and fixed up a dressing station for practice. I turned in myself after being on all night and slept till dinner time. After dinner I read for a little while and then did some writing. The boys landed back at camp from their march about 3 p.m. and at 4 p.m. an auction sale was held of all the belongings of Parker our comrade who died. This is the Military regulation and the money is forwarded to his relatives. Money was pretty scarce, still there was some lively bidding for some of the articles. I took a walk this evening with two Pals into Heliopolis and returned to camp at 8.30 p.m. On at hospital at 11.30 p.m.

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Friday 9th April, 1915

Finished duty at hospital at 7.30 a.m. this morning. I did not feel too well so saw Captain Dawson who examined me, nothing much wrong just a touch of Gastritis probably caused by some of the tough beef we have been getting lately. He told me to take things easy for a couple of days and to only have light food, milk etc. to give my stomach a chance. I have done nothing at all today only lie down, am not ill only a little pain in the stomach. The boys had another march and fixed up a dressing station again today, returning to camp about 4 p.m. We expect to clear out of here on Sunday next and everyone is looking forward to that time. I did not go out tonight, did a little more writing. On hospital at 11.30 p.m.

Sunday 10th April, 1915

Off duty at hospital at 7.30 a.m. this morning and then turned in and slept till dinner time. I got a pass to go to Cairo this afternoon as it will be our last chance of having a look round so four of us out of our tent went together. We had a general look at all that was to be seen of the city and visited the part where the riot took place a week ago. Things were fairly quiet as a lot of the troops have gone away and others going tonight could not get leave. After dinner we visited the "Kursal" Music Hall and enjoyed a rather good programme. Returned to camp about 9.30 p.m.. I have felt pretty well alright today, but have not eaten anything solid.

Sunday 11th April, 1915

Should have been on duty overnight but only had one patient and as we are looking forward to being up all night tonight, I slept on the bed next to the patient who is a fellow out of our tent. He only took bad yesterday evening and we have had to leave him behind as appendicitis is feared. We struck camp and cleared everything up today, packed wagons and got everything ready to leave. At 6.15 p.m. we paraded for inspection by the Colonel and at 7 p.m. we marched from our camp at Heliopolis to Cairo station which we reached about 9.30 p.m. We loaded our wagons on trucks and then entrained ourselves. Train moved out about 12 p.m. I feel quite well again today.

Monday 12th April, 1915

Travelled all night, crowded I snatched about an hour and half of broken sleep. Arrived at Alexandria at 6 a.m. and went straight on board the troopship "Californian" A32. Put our equipment in the places where we are going to sleep and then set to work to load our horses, wagons and stores. We worked hard all day, the loading taking us till 6.30 p.m. and we moved from the wharf at 6.45 p.m. The accomodation on this boat is very bad, we have 500 horses and 500 troops on board. Our sleeping quarters are on the third deck and we have to sleep on the floor in the horse stalls. We have our meals anywhere on the deck. The horses are on the deck above us

Page 34 and are kicking and stamping in great style. Alexandria is very busy with shipping. Hundreds of boats are here, mostly troopships British and French. We anchored off the town at about 9 p.m. It has been a very hot day. "Californian" is a horse boat and is only supposed to have accomodation for 70 men and we have 500 on board.

Tuesday 13th April, 1915

Reveille at 5.30 a.m. this morning and we paraded about 6.30 a.m. Orders read out and then dismissed till 9 a.m. At 9 a.m. we had life belt inspection and various fatigue duties till dinner time. At 2 p.m. we paraded again and issued with large clasp knives and those who needed boots got them too, I got a pair. We were dismissed about 3 p.m. but still had to do any fatigue duty if wanted. I was assisting to get provisions on deck out of the hold till tea time. We weighed anchor and steamed away from Alexandria about 5 p.m. Saw the French hospital ship "Garcon" had lot of Indians on. Turned in about 8 p.m. The food not up to much today and not too much of it. Everything is pretty rough on this ship.

Wednesday 14th April, 1915

Reveille at 5.30 a.m. and parade on starboard saloon deck at 6 a.m. We had physical drill for about an hour, then dismissed till after breakfast. Paraded again at 9.30 and were paid at 10 a.m. I received 14/-, we were given the rest of the morning to sew brassards and red crosses on our overcoats. At 2 p.m. we paraded in full marching order for inspection by the Colonel, this lasted about an hour, when we were dismissed for the rest of the day. Of course we had to do any fatigue duty if called on. The food is a little better today but by no means brilliant. The ship has rolled and dipped a little today and a lot of the troops are suffering from sea- sickness, 20 men out of our section were unable to parade for inspection this afternoon through sea-sickness. It has not troubled me yet.

Thursday 15th April, 1915

Went to bed very early last night and was up at 5 a.m. this morning. Reveille at 5.30 a.m. Parade and physical drill at 6 a.m. Inspection in full marching order by the Colonel at 9 a.m. We have seen islands on both sides of us all day, we are somewhere in the Greek Archipelago or think so. I had a narrow escape of being killed or badly hurt this morning about 8.30 a.m., was working four decks below and a fellow knocked one of the hatch planks weighing 4 or 5 cwt down, it fell about 25 or 30 feet to the deck on which I was standing, knocking off my hat and taking the the skin off my hand. This afternoon we were divided into echelons or sections for disembarkation, I am in the 3rd echelon, the last of our corps to leave the ship. Tucker been fairly good today. Issued with 1/4 lb Captain tobacco and 2 boxes of matches this afternoon.

Friday 16th April, 1915

Page 35 Up again at 5 a.m. this morning. Sighted island of Limnos about 6 a.m. Parade and physical drill at 6 a.m. Parade and inspection by the Colonel in full marching order at 9.30 a.m. Dropped anchor in a splendid harbour at Limnos about 9.45 a.m. Outside the harbour we met 2 Auxilliary Cruiser and Destroyers and 2 Submarines. Inside the harbour is a fleet of our war vessels and of our allies also a number of transports and a hospital ship. They cannot be seen from outside. One of the war vessels has been pointed out to me as the "Queen Elizabeth" and quite close to us is the "Agamemnon". One of her funnels has been badly hit and her fore-top mast is gone, otherwise she looks alright. We had a lecture today by Captain Welch and a parade in our echelons for disembarking.

Saturday 17th April, 1915

Reveille at 5.30 a.m. and physical drill, at 9.30 a.m. we paraded and most of our fellows went ashore in the ship's boats for practice at disembarking. At 2 p.m. the rest of us, consisting of two boats, went ashore. Before landing we rowed over to the Queen Elizabeth and round about her. She is a magnificent fighting machine. We rowed round a small island in the harbour and eventually landed on the island of Limnos and had a look round. Some of us went in for a swim. There are only a few farm houses about but the land is very rich and some good crops are growing. The harbour is a very fine one and is full of small inlets in each of which were ships. There must be about 150 transports and warships here. One of the light cruisers, "Dublin" went out last night after a Turkish destroyer which had got out, ran the enemy ashore and was back this morning.

Sunday 18th April, 1915

Reveille 5.30 Parade 6 a.m. Paraded again at 9.30 a.m. in full marching order and with blankets and waterproofs and we went ashore in the ship's boats taking stretchers with us and midday rations. We had a swim after landing and a look round then had dinner. After dinner we had a couple of hours stretcher drill and then went back to our ships. I picked a few forget-me-nots while ashore to send home. About 10 more transports arrived today, it is a fine sight all these vessels, and the island is so peaceful, it is a lovely little place, wild looking hills and beautiful green valleys with their crops. One of our hydroplanes was flying about for nearly an hour this evening. Have met a number of sailors who were on our warships in the Dardenelles, some of them off the Ocean which was sunk.

Monday 19th April, 1915

Reveille at 5.30 a.m. Physical drill at 6 a.m. Paraded again at 9.30 a.m. in full marching order and had more practice at disembarking in the ship's boats. The New Zealand artillery which we have on board lowered the pontoons which we have on

Page 36 board and had some practice at disembarking their guns and ammunition wagons. After dinner we had a lecture by Captain Finn who is a dentist on our teeth and mouth and the necessity for keeping same clean. About eight or nine more transports arrived today, also three or four more British Cruisers. A ship arrived today and is anchored about a mile from us, she is like a cruiser to the naked eye but through the glasses appears to be a dummy cruiser, that is a merchant ship done up to resemble a cruiser. Turned in at 7.30 this evening, have been to bed early every night since I have been on board.

Tuesday 20th April, 1915

Reveille at 5.30 a.m. Physical drill at 6 a.m. At 9.30 a.m. we had a parade in full marching order for inspection, were dismissed and had to parade again at 11 a.m., on this parade we had to wear our pouches and belts only and every man had to be shaved and have his boots dubbin'd. This was to see all our boots were in good order and that we had our full equipment of bandages in our pouches. At 2 p.m. we had a lecture by Captain Finn and at 4 p.m. we had a medical inspection. We had a wireless message today that 24 men of the transport "Manitou" (B10) had been drowned through a couple of boats upsetting when she was attacked by a Turkish destroyer, this boat arrived here 5 hours after us so that we only missed the enemy by a little. It is very windy today, sea rough.

Wednesday 21st April, 1915

Reveille at 5.30 a.m. very windy and rough. Physical drill at 6 a.m. We had no further parades today as it has been so rough and rained very hard all day. During the morning three of our pontoons broke adrift and went ashore, very lucky, missed the rocks and went up on the sandy beach, towed off undamaged and hoisted on board this evening. During the afternoon I was down the hold packing and loading, ready for disembarkation, medical comforts and stores. A another large transport arrived today also two or three more cruisers. The harbour is just a mass of vessels and is a sight rarely seen and never forgotten, must be about 200 vessels here now. Weather moderated a great deal tonight. Rumours about that we leave tomorrow.

Thursday 22nd April, 1915

Reveille at 5.30 a.m. and physical drill at 6 a.m. Did not fall in on parade at 9.30 a.m. as a party of us had to work in the hold to get ready for disembarking the wagons and stores. We were told on parade at 6 a.m. that we would be leaving here tonight sometime for the Gallipoli Peninsular, don't know what time we will be moving. Worked in the hold all morning and the best part of this afternoon. A mail came on board just before tea and I received two letters, expect more mail to come later tonight. It was fairly rough again this morning but has been very nice this afternoon and evening. Wondering if we will still be here when I wake in the morning.

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Friday 23rd April, 1915

Reveille at 5.30 a.m. Parade at 6 a.m. We did not have physical drill this morning. Orders had been countermanded and we had not moved as we expected during the night. Paraded again at 9.30 a.m. and we had some first aid work for practice. I was told off to get ready to go ashore (where there is a base hospital) with a patient who has pnemounia. I was ready all day, but the man was not sent off. I received five more letters today, they buck a fellow up. We had an echelon parade this afternoon. Just after tea a party (about 20) of British troops came on board also some sailors, navy men to work our pontoons when disembarking. Some off the "Ocean" and "Irresistible" which were sunk. A few transports moved out of the harbour this evening.

Saturday 24th April, 1915

Reveille at 5.30 a.m. Parade at 6 a.m. Transports were moving out of the harbour also Cruisers from early this morning. We left about 8 a.m. and about 9.30 a.m. a New Zealand man who had been in hospital for four days was found to have small- pox so we returned to Lemnos reaching there about 11.30 a.m. Sent the man ashore into hospital and left Lemnos again about 6 p.m. While in harbour we saw the "Queen Elizabeth", 6 other cruisers and 7 destroyers steam out together. They were a magnificent sight and I was greatly pleased at witnessing the scene. Expect to reach Gallipoli early in the morning and disembark. Very lucky not to be all quarantined through the case of small-pox. Been a lovely day, turning in early, expect work to begin in reality from tomorrow.

Sunday 25th April, 1915

Was awakened this morning about 4.30 a.m. by the sound of heavy firing. We were at the entrance to the Dardenelles and our fleet was bombarding the enemies forts and batteries, we were right in among our cruisers. The first of the landing party went ashore about 7 a.m. and some hot fighting ensued. The "Lizzie" (Queen Elizabeth) put some of her big shells in and it was a magnificent sight, though awful. Our fleet made the hills a hell of fire, a wonderful scene, none of our ships seemed to be hit. We steamed about 12 miles up the outside of the "Gallipoli" Peninsula about 10 a.m. and we expect to land here soon. Fleet is bombarding the coast all along. Some Australian troops landed at this point this morning and have been fighting all day. The sound of rifles has not ceased, same with ships guns till about 8 p.m. Hydroplanes and an observation balloon have been up all day. No firing going on at present. The sight of a lifetime.

Monday 26th April, 1915

Still anchored about 1 mile from beach. Was called out at 2 a.m. this morning as a report had arrived that our troops had suffered rather heavily and some of the

Page 38 wounded had to be brought on our ship. This report proved to be untrue (we were informed about 8 a.m.) and our troops were in a very good position. 8 of our men (stretcher bearers) went ashore when the 2 a.m. report came and we arranged a temporary hospital, operating and dressing rooms on our ship. I have been watching the fighting all the day. The "Lizzie" opened up at 6 a.m. and with about 9 other Cruisers raked the hills with shell, a lot more of our troops landed, also some field artillery which have now got a good position on top of one of the hills. I can see them flashing as they fire and they are going a treat. Incessant rifle and machine gun firing all day. Sea aeroplane and balloon have been up. The "Lizzie's" shells are awful. Beautiful weather.

Tuesday 27th April, 1915

Reveille at 5.30 a.m. Parade at 6 a.m. Firing had been going on all night. I watched our ships shelling the hills all morning and could also see two of our batteries of Field Artillery in the hills shelling the Turks. Rumours that the enemy is retreating are about, we are all anxious to get ashore. The Turks have put a lot of shrapnel along the beach today. Was watching the firing this afternoon when eight shells dropped in quick succession not far from our ship. Two dropped in the water about 100 yards from us and on each side of the transport next to us, but none of them hit any ships. Our ship immediately steamed out about another mile from the shore also the other transports, out of range. Wind blowing up tonight. Our bearers went ashore about 8 p.m.

Wednesday 28th April, 1915

Reveille 5.30 a.m. no parade until 9 a.m. The firing on shore did not sound so severe this morning and our ships were not bombarding so much. At 9 a.m. we paraded and the Colonel addressed us, told us might possibly use our transport as a field hospital for a few days, dismissed us and told us to rest all day as they might bring wounded on board tonight and we might have to work all night. This afternoon our fleet bombarded the coast a little further up and we heard that our troops had advanced and got a good position. Wrote four letters this afternoon. It is just after 6 p.m. now and we have just received orders to prepare to land tonight. Left S.S. "California" about 7.30 p.m. and went on board a trawler (mine sweeper) which is to land us.

Thursday 29th April, 1915

On the trawler all night, rained hard, was very cold, snatched a little sleep in a barge moored alongside our trawler. Landed about 8 a.m. and very glad indeed. Several shells fell in the water while we were waiting to land and a few rifle bullets hit the trawler, but no one was injured. Unloaded our stores and took up position in first range of hills. The beach is crowded with soldiers and stores and is a strange sight. The fleet is shelling the next range over our heads, and Turks bullets have been whistling over our heads all day, feel quite used to them tonight. Saw several of our

Page 39 troops wounded. Took a walk to top of hill and watched some of our Ghurka batteries shelling enemy, bullets all over place. One of our bearers slight wound in thigh. Rifles and all kinds of equipment are lying all over hills. Have only been getting position fixed today.

Friday 30th April, 1915

Was looking after patient with pnemounia all night, so got no sleep. A very cold night, bullets were whistling over us all night and about 3 a.m. some Turkish guns fired shells over us for about half an hour, they all fell in the sea about 200 yards behind us. Took our patient down to clearing hospital at 10 a.m. Bullets been humming over us all day and occasional shells burst over our position. Our fleet continue shelling the enemy over our heads. One patient in this evening, young Englishman, shell burst in trench and buried him, was got out and found to be uninjured by shell but stone deaf and found to be suffering greatly from shock. Saw several bad wounds today. Had three good meals, plenty bacon and bully beef. Want sleep, pretty tired.

Saturday 1st May, 1915

Was awakened by heavy shell fire about 4.15 a.m. The Turks were putting shrapnel over us, most of it going in the sea, one spent bullet dropped on the fellow lying alongside me, but did no harm. Had to go on at our dressing station at 5.15 a.m., 17 wounded men had come in during night, none serious. Sent them all to clearing hospital at 10 a.m. Was assisting at dressing station on beach for a couple of hours before I had dinner. Not many casualties this morning such as were, were mostly serious. Several died, two were shot while working on beach. Shot and shell being over and all round us all day. Barricaded our dugouts against shell splinters. Heard that C. Howlett had been wounded.

Sunday 2nd May, 1915

Pretty quiet all night, only a few shells from the enemy and not so much rifle fire, our boys have driven them back. Up at 6 a.m. Have been at fatigue work all day, pick and shovel work. Eleven Turks were captured not far from our dug out this morning. Have got about 18 patients in our hospital, most of them pure exhaustion, 3 or 4 slightly wounded. Some of our troops have been horribly mutilated by shrapnel. Three more of our corps have been wounded today. Am in fine health myself. Reinforcements arrived last night. Heard rumour that "Goeben" had been sunk by submarine AE2. At 8 p.m. four of us volunteered to go to trenches and help stretcher bearers, was out till 2 a.m., brought one of our own corps in shot through arm and chest. Was a perfect hell. Bearer work most dangerous of all. Everyone praising bearers for brave work.

Monday 3rd May, 1915

Page 40 Got in 2 a.m. this morning from doing bearer work, wonder we have any bearers left, have to go through and carry patients through a valley and along a creek bed where bullets are falling like rain and where the enemies snipers are concealed. One of our bearers was shot dead during night. About 7 a.m. shrapnel fell all round our dugout and 2 fellows sleeping next to me were both hit on the feet with shrapnel bullets, fortunately spent, only bruised. At 9 a.m. went on hospital, lot patients, mostly dysentry and exhaustion. Was busy till 5 p.m. Shrapnel fell all round our camp during afternoon, 12 men were wounded round us and 1 killed. Our troops took a hill early this morning but lost a terrible lot of men, they are having a hard and nerve- racking time. Things pretty quiet tonight. Feel fine myself.

Tuesday 4th May, 1915

Up at 6 a.m. Cooked bacon and fried biscuits for breakfast. After breakfast went down to the dressing station on beach but practically no wounded were coming in so tried to find some pals in other regiments but could get no news of them. Nothing doing after dinner so had a sleep till 5 p.m. Had tea and went out for a look round. The British marines on our left flank were busily trenching and barricading in expectation of a night attack by the Turks. It was a very poor attack and was easily beaten off. Had it been much another fellow and myself had arranged to go and help repel it. Paid visit to battery of New Zealand artillery, the crew of which we have made friends with but nothing was doing. Three more of our corps were badly wounded.

Wednesday 5th May, 1915

Got up at 7 a.m. had breakfast, our day for fatigue duty. Were shifted out of our dugout and had to dig another further up the gully. Firing not so severe again today, enemy seem quietened. Had an issue of cigarettes and tobacco. Two more of our corps were severely wounded today, also Captain Jeffries of B. Section. More reinforcements arrived today for some of the Australian battalions. Not so many wounded brought in today. Our boys are doing splendid but are having to fight fiercely. It seems awful when one walks along the beach and sees the number of graves of our boys and one is thankful to be alive. The Australian 2nd Brigade and about 5000 New Zealanders were taken in boats tonight and I believe are going to land about 4 miles further along the coast.

Thursday 6th May, 1915

Up at 6 a.m. had breakfast then as nothing was doing with us took a walk along the beach. Saw a Turkish major come in on horseback and surrender. While on beach Turks opened enfilading fire with shrapnel on it. The shells passed over me and about 17 mules and a dozen men were wounded within 100 yards of me. The mules and men left had to clear from beach till our batteries silenced the enemies. Had a

Page 41 rest this afternoon. Our troops are advancing and doing splendid. The troops taken a few miles up the coast last night have landed and from reports are also doing well. The Turks gave us a taste of their shrapnel in the gully where we are camped this evening, but did no damage. On duty at hospital at 5 p.m. A very lively rifle fire is going on tonight.

Friday 7th May, 1915

Finished at hospital at 1 a.m. and turned in about 1.30 a.m. Had about 20 patients, slight wounds and influenza. Got up about 9 a.m. Turks shelled us pretty heavily this morning but no one injured before dinner. After dinner they continued shelling us, they had a good range, shells falling all round us. One shell (shrapnel) fell within a yard of our hospital tent, luckily only one man was injured. One of our bearers was severely wounded in both legs. Had to keep under cover till 4 p.m. when the shelling ceased. About 4.30 p.m. went down to beach and had a swim, was wanting a bath pretty badly, also could do with a change of underclothes. We have to wash ourselves in sea water. All fresh water has to be bought from Malta in boats. Fairly quiet tonight.

Saturday 8th May, 1915

Up at 6 a.m. and cooked my breakfast, a couple of rashers of ham and some biscuits (pretty hard). After breakfast had a walk round to see if I could hear any news. Could hear nothing except that our troops are doing well. After dinner went down for a swim and enjoyed it thoroughly except that I had to cut it short as the Turks started shelling the beach with shrapnel and some fell in the water. Two men were killed on the beach and a few wounded. One of our fellows was wounded this evening while shaving, the cap of a shell drove into his dugout and hit him on the thigh. On at hospital at 5 p.m., have 21 patients. A lively rifle fire started about 10 p.m. and is still continuing.

Sunday 9th May, 1915

Off duty from hospital at 1 a.m. and turned in, things were quiet about this time. Was up again at 9 a.m., a few shells passed over us this morning but fell in the sea. The Turks shelled our camp all afternoon and we had to keep under cover. One shell hit one of our corps killing him instantly and wounding another, this shell failed to burst. Had it not been so tragic, an amusing incident occurred. The shell buried itself in the earth unexploded and one of our men ran and picked it up, carrying it to where a crowd were taking cover. They all ran away shouting for him to bury it, he put it down at his feet and looked amazed evidently wondering where the danger lay. It was taken to headquarters and unloaded. Three more of our corps were wounded this evening.

Monday 10th May, 1915

Page 42 Hard fighting took place during the night and our bearers were called out at 3 a.m. to bring the wounded in. I got up at 6 a.m., things had quietened down by this time. I believe the Turks casualties were very heavy and our own are by no means light. Three more of our corps were wounded this morning, two of them severly and one slightly. Not much doing today, had a swim in the sea this morning, also heard of the sinking of the "Lusitania". Not been shelled so much today. Was on picket this evening for about an hour, looking after some stuff on the beach, had to take cover as some shrapnel started to burst all round us for about half an hour, our boats soon silenced them. While an Australian was being buried this evening a shell fell right in his grave without exploding.

Tuesday 11th May, 1915

Have had nothing at all to do today. Got up at 7 a.m. and had breakfast. Had a walk round this morning to see what was doing. Very few casualties came in today. After dinner the Turks shelled our camp again but did very little damage and did not injure anyone in our camp. They also shelled the beach and four men were slightly wounded, our batteries and fleet replied and succeeded in silencing the enemy. Wrote a few short letters this afternoon as there is a mail leaving on Friday. Had news of seven German destroyers being sunk in the North Sea. General Sir Ian Hamilton's letter of congratulations to our troops was posted up today. A brisk rifle fire is going on tonight.

Wednesday 12th May, 1915

On duty at hospital at 1 a.m. this morning, 25 patients, none serious. Came off duty at 9 a.m. Rained hard all night, up to knees in mud and most of our boys flooded out of their dugouts. Heaviest firing of big guns been going on all night since we have been here. Our ships and batteries must have been creating an inferno somewhere amongst the enemy. Turned in after 9 a.m. and had a sleep, been a miserable day raining on and off all time and up to knees in mud. Made a shelter out of our waterproof sheets, kept us dry. Few shrapnel fell round us at intervals. Heard that the British troops that landed at entrance to Dardanelles are nearing us and hemming the enemy between our forces.

Thursday 13th May, 1915

Was on picket from 12 midnight till 3 a.m. looking after medical panniers on beach. Turned in at 3.30 a.m. and slept till 6 a.m. A few shells dropped round our camp today, no one injured. Commenced to fix up a dressing station on beach at 10 a.m., had it ready for treating patients by 2.30 p.m. when I was told off to rest till 6 p.m. At 6 p.m. I went on duty at dressing station, 2 doctors (Captains) and 4 of us in attendance, have treated 23 wounds up to 9 p.m. Heard British battleship "Goliath" has been sunk in Dardenelles. Australian light horse arrived today to reinforce our troops as infantry. A few spy's are being caught amongst our troops I believe. All

Page 43 ships off coast have all lights out tonight, talk of two German submarines. Rifle firing all night.

Friday 14th May, 1915

Came off duty at dressing station at 6 a.m. Treated 35 patients, all kinds of wounds, hand grenade, shrapnel and rifle bullet. Two that were brought in proved fatal, one shot through the brain and one through the spine. Had breakfast and turned in about 7 a.m. Slept till 1 p.m. A battery is mounted on the right just above us and has been troubling the enemy considerably, they tried to dislodge it this afternoon as the gully where we are camped was full of bursting shrapnel for about three hours, however no one was injured and our battery remains intact. Went and had a swim about 5 p.m., we are having lovely weather. Have not heard how the boys in trenches are getting on today. Turned in at 9 p.m., roused out 5 minutes later to go to dressing station.

Saturday 15th May, 1915

Was at dressing station all night, nothing doing till 3 a.m. when 27 wounded were brought in. Our boys had charged another hill during night. Redressed the wounds and sent men on board hospital ship, all pretty bad cases, some will have to have amputation. Were relieved at 6.30 a.m. Turned in at 7.30 a.m., could not sleep as Turks shelled our camp consistently. One shell burst by the hospital wounding two patients and one of our stretcher bearers. Went for swim this afternoon, had to cut it short as shells started to fall in water. Heard this evening that Italy has joined the Allies. Went on duty at 6 p.m.. Nothing doing till 10 p.m. when about 20 wounded were brought in, mostly wounded by hand grenades which cause terrible wounds.

Sunday 16th May, 1915

Not much doing after rush last night till 4.30 a.m. this morning when about a dozen more were brought in. We redress wounds and send men on hospital ship. Most of the men take their injuries in good spirit and bear the pain wonderfully. One man was brought in with thigh shattered by grenade, unconscious, eventually died, a terrible wound, extracted bullet from another mans thigh, right through ½ inch from other side, never made a sound. Turks shelling beach at 7 a.m. Turned in 8 a.m. Went for swim 5 p.m. Turks shelled beach and our camp about 5.30 p.m. Two shells hit a mine-sweeper but did not sink it, another shell fell about 6 yards from our dugout blowing a stone about 30lb weight into our dugout. The stone grazed leg of one of our boys. On duty at dressing station 7.30 p.m.

Monday 17th May, 1915

Twenty-nine wounded brought in during night. Rifle fire was going on incessantly. Four 6 inch Howitzers were landed during night and are being put in position today, off duty 8 a.m. Turks put about 20 shells over us about 8.30 a.m. Turned in, slept till

Page 44 2.30 p.m. A lot of Indians of the mule transport corps with their mules have camped in the gully where we are today, they are fine chaps and make great friends, with those who are friendly towards them. Our ships bombarded the Turks on our left flank today. Turks replied for a short time without effect, can't touch our Cruisers. On duty 8 p.m. Had word today two of our bearers who were wounded had died on hospital ship. Only couple of wounded brought to us up to 12 midnight.

Tuesday 18th May, 1915

Came off duty at 8 a.m. Had about a dozen wounded during night. Turks put about 20 shells on beach about 5.30 a.m. Turned in at 9 a.m. At 5.30 a.m. Turks started shelling the beach and the gully where our camp is, keeping the bombardment up for about and hour and half. Pieces of shrapnel fell in our dugout and one shell just cleared our hospital. Heaviest bombardment we have had since landing, yet very few were injured. Noticeable that Turks are using black powder today in their shells, what few wounded have been brought in have looked worse than really were, nearly all had their faces burned and skin blackened by black powder in enemy's shells. On duty 8 p.m. Very quiet up to 12 midnight.

Wednesday 19th May, 1915

Fairly quiet till 4 a.m. when Turks made charge on our trenches. Our boys inflicted severe losses on the enemy and drove them back. About 30 wounded brought in at 4.30 a.m., kept very busy. Enemy subjected us to terrific bombardment about 4.30 a.m. Thought we were done for when large shell burst 15 yards from dressing station. Off duty 8 a.m. Turks kept bombardment up all day, heaviest gun fire we have been under, but we have beaten them off with heavy losses. Had a good number of wounded in today. Two more of our chaps were wounded today by shrapnel, while working in camps, one in same tent as myself while in Egypt, shot through eye. He was a fine fellow. Another camp mate, Andy Khiel who has been attached to headquarters was shot dead today. Shrapnel and rifle bullets dropped in the dugout where I was sleeping today. On duty 7.30 p.m. tonight.

Thursday 20th May, 1915

Everything very quiet during night, only one case came in after 12 midnight. Received mail from home this morning. Off duty at 7.30 a.m. Some Japanese bomb throwing guns were landed this morning, they are very small but are supposed to be very effective. The Turks kept up a desultory fire during the day from their guns, most shells falling in sea. Turks asked for armistice this afternoon to bury dead, were found to be massing their men and bringing up reinforcements so we opened fire. Enemy aeroplane flew over us today, dropped a bomb, driven off by gun fire. A number of prisoners were taken this evening, some wounded. On duty at 7.30 p.m.

Page 45 Friday 21st May, 1915

Our Squadron and Batteries bombarded enemy all night. Only about half dozen wounded brought in, light reply from enemies guns. Off duty 7.30 a.m. A Turkish General was brought in under a white flag of truce and caused a little excitement. Understand he came for an interview with our Commander regarding and armistice to bury their dead, don't know what the result was. Was returned from our lines at 8 p.m. The quietest day we have had since landing. Firing was a bit more lively tonight between 9 p.m. and 11 p.m. Went on duty at 7.30 p.m. About a dozen wounded brought in up to midnight. Raining tonight and sea rather rough.

Saturday 22nd May, 1915

Only a couple of wounded brought between midnight at 7.30 a.m. when I came off duty. Raining nearly all night, was pretty uncomfortable turning in, about 9 a.m. on sodden ground and with damp blankets. Had fairly quiet day, our troops are only holding their position without trying to advance until the British troops (Tommies) who landed at Sed-el-bahr get up this far. Rifle and shell fire was intermittent. Rain ceased about 11 a.m. and it was very fine afternoon afterwards. Went on duty at 7.30 p.m. Only 3 wounded till midnight. Had to keep wounded all night, through hospital ship moving off as enemy submarine had been sighted off the coast 4 times during day.

Sunday 23rd May, 1915

Couple of wounded brought in after midnight last night. One died in half hour, shot through brain. Got our patients away to hospital ship at 5 a.m. One of our battleships, HMS "Albion" ran ashore last night. Steamed off all serene at 9 a.m. Two of our hydroplanes were up this morning watching enemy and our ships put some heavy shells in. Turks fired shells at our hydroplanes, but did not hit them. Heard two enemy aeroplanes had been captured down south near Sed-el-bahr. Very quiet this afternoon. Turks negotiating for armistice. Few more of our reinforcements arrived today. On duty at 7.30 p.m. Recieved 3 letters from home this evening. No wounded at all brought in during night.

Monday 24th May, 1915

Armistice to bury dead today from 7 a.m. to 4 p.m., so when I came off duty at 7.30 a.m. took a walk up to trenches. Our trenches in parts are only about dozen yards from Turk trenches and hundreds of dead were lying between, mostly by far are Turks, they had over 3000 casualties 3 or 4 nights ago, some of dead been lying couple of weeks. The smell was awful and after having good look round was glad to get away. Saw plenty of Turks busily collecting their dead only a few yards away. Turks made half hearted charge about 8.30 p.m., easily repulsed with loss. On duty

Page 46 7.30 p.m. Only five wounded brought in all night. I believe all our batteries have been shifted since 4 p.m. when the armistice ceased.

Tuesday 25th May, 1915

Off duty at 7 a.m. after a very light night. Spent this morning in making our dugout rainproof. Shortly after 12 noon was watching our battleships and destroyers, had only turned away about 3 minutes when my attention was directed to HMS "Triumph" which was listing badly. An enemy submarine had torpedoed her while I was turned away. Took from 10 to 15 minutes before she turned over and sank, our destroyers stood all round her. Great sight but awful. A destroyer shot 6 shots at submarine, don't know if hit her. Very few men lost. I hear there were 3 submarines. Destroyers and aeroplane searched all day, heard one sub sunk, but not sure. HMS Triumph remained with hull visible for 3/4 of an hour before going right under. On duty at 7.30 p.m. Things quiet tonight. Rained hard today.

Wednesday 26th May, 1915

No patients all night till 5.30 a.m. this morning when 11 wounded were brought in, they were not from the trenches but had been sniped while moving about in the gully leading to the trenches. During the day about 50 others have been wounded the same way, evidently a party of Turks have got a position covering a portion of this gully. Off duty at 7.30 a.m. Has been a very quiet day except for the snipers. Our destroyers seem to be very much on the alert for submarines, patrolling increasingly. About a dozen shells were fired over us and fell in the sea this afternoon. About 2000 or 3000 reinforcements arrived today and were landed safely. On duty 7.30 p.m. Fine day.

Thursday 27th May, 1915

Not a single man brought in all night, so had a good sleep. Turks fired a few shells about 5 a.m. into the sea, did not hit anything at all. Off duty at 7.30 a.m. Wrote a few letters after breakfast. Heard HMS Majestic had been sunk in the Dardenelles, don't know if it is true. Has been very quiet with us, we keep wondering when we are going to make a general advance. About 7 p.m. another chap and myself had a very narrow escape, a shrapnel shell from the enemy burst just above our dugout where we were sitting talking, the bullets out of shell fell all round us, riddled our canvas roof and overcoat hanging inside, but missed us both. 2 mules were killed, Indian wounded within 5 yards of us.

Friday 28th May, 1915

Only 5 wounded brought in up to midnight last night and none at all from midnight to 7.30 a.m. when I went off duty. Things are very quiet in trenches, occasional bursts of rifle fire during night, apparently very little damage done to our fellows. Has been just as quiet all day, our guns firing at intervals and the enemy replying in a very

Page 47 uncertain manner. Wrote some letters and posted them this morning, also received some tonight. On duty 7.30 p.m. only one wounded man up to 10 p.m. and about half a dozen sick. Some of our boys, fortunately only a few, are feeling strain and breaking up, couple of days fixes some of them up. Did little washing today.

Saturday 29th May, 1915

Very quiet up to 3.30 a.m. when enemy made an attack on our trenches. They started by blowing up portion of our trenches which they had sapped, followed up with a charge and actually got into our trenches where fierce fighting took place, our boys eventually drove them back with heavy loss and also took and held one of their trenches. Our losses fairly severe, but enemy's very severe. Was kept very busy dealing with the wounded until 7.30 a.m. when I came off duty. Turks shell fire very heavy on the beach for part of morning, but very little damage done. Party bearers brought in wounded man, started off for more, one killed 20 yards from us, shot through heart. Say 16 Turkish prisoners brought in, one wounded. Had swim this afternoon. Went on duty at 7.30 p.m.

Sunday 30th May, 1915

Very quiet night again, about six wounded brought in during the whole night. Off duty 7.30 a.m. Heard from one of his pals that Stan Cohen is reported missing. He was with 5th Battalion when they left this part to go round and attack "Gape-tepe", not seen afterwards. Received news 2 of our submarines got through Dardanelles and did great deal of damage to enemy shipping, returning safely. On duty 7.30 p.m. very quiet up to midnight. Had swim this afternoon. Our destroyers bombarded enemy's trenches very heavily. New Zealand outpost cut off by the enemy all day, I believe our troops got through to them this evening and relieved them. No battleships about here now, only destroyers. Blew up a bit rough this evening.

Monday 31st May, 1915

About 8 wounded brought in between midnight and 7.30 a.m., all badly wounded. Went for swim at 7 a.m. Off duty at 7.30 a.m. About 1000 reinforcements landed this morning. About 9 a.m. had pleasant surprise, had visit from W. Hill, went for walk with him to the extreme line we hold on right flank and saw A. Milne. Had long chat and had look at enemy's trenches, about 1000 yards away, through glasses. Our aeroplane sighted enemy submarine and dropped bomb, don't know if took effect, also destroyers raced up, looked out for submarine coming up, don't know if successful. On duty at 7.30 p.m. Had swim this afternoon. No patients up to 12 midnight.

Tuesday 1st June, 1915

Quiet all night not a single patient brought in, off duty at 7.30 a.m. About 400 more reinforcements landed this morning. Our destroyers bombarded enemy's trenches at

Page 48 intervals all day, very feeble reply from Turks. It is getting very hot here now in the daytime, the nights being lovely and mild. Had swim this afternoon. Trousers are all worn out at knees, so have had to cut them off and make them into shorts and wear puttees with bare knees. Fairly heavy rifle fire going on tonight. On duty 7.30 p.m. Couple of patients brought in before 12 midnight, both wounded by hand grenades, one died, both New Zealanders. Heard an explosion about 11 p.m. don't know what it is.

Wednesday 2nd June, 1915

Nine patients brought in before 7.30 a.m. Another one died, nearly all grenade wounds. The explosion I heard last night was one of the Turks trenches being being blown up by our troops who had sapped under them, inflicted heavy losses on enemy. Off duty 7.30 a.m. Had visit from R. Pulford of the 5th Battery Artillery who used to work with me at Newport, also received visit from W. Hill, stayed to dinner with us and had long yarn, went for swim together this afternoon. Can't hear any firing today, hardly know we were at war. On duty 7.30 p.m., heavy rifle fire tonight. Blew up one of Turks trenches. No wounded brought in up to 12 midnight.

Thursday 3rd June, 1915

King's birthday. Intermittent rifle fire all night, but evident that not many of our fellows are being hit. Only one brought from trenches up to 7.30 a.m. when I came off duty, he died. About 7 a.m. I was sitting at our dressing station, when Sergeant of Indian A.M.C. came along, walking past us about 5 yards away, he went down with bullet in abdomen. He was one of two whites in the corps and it was splendid to see the devotion of the Indians. Practically whole corps came to see him. Fairly quiet up to 4 p.m. when H.M.S. Talbot opened guns on left. Must have fired at least 100 shells. On duty 7.30 p.m. About dozen casualties owing to premature burst of one of our shells about 10 p.m., 3 deaths most others severly injured. Quiet afterwards up to 12 midnight. Had swim this afternoon.

Friday 4th June, 1915

About 1 a.m. heard several big explosions, believe it was parts of enemy's trenches being blown up. Smart rifle fire for about an hour. No patients brought in between midnight and 7.30 a.m. when I came off duty. Enemy put few shells over us this morning, seriously wounding two A.M.C men in hospital next to our dressing station. Another of our bearers badly wounded today. Our corps must have had from 50 to 60 men killed and wounded to date, mostly wounded, pretty short handed, no reinforcements having arrived for us. Our ships heavily bombarded a hill to the south of us which is stongly fortified, known as Achi-Baba. On duty 7.30 p.m. Rifle fire going on pretty heavily. About a dozen wounded treated by us to midnight.

Saturday 5th June, 1915

Page 49 Our troops charged the enemy's trenches about 1 a.m. succeeded in putting some machine guns out of action. Captured about 30 Turks, 7 of which were brought to us wounded. Immediately after charge our own injured started to come in and kept us very busy till 7.30 a.m. when I came off duty, fixed up our wounded at our dressing station. Heard 120 more Turks and a German officer have also been captured. Fighting was going on all morning with heavy rifle fire, our destroyers also put in a few shells, eased off considerably this afternoon and was fairly quiet. On duty 7.30 p.m. Nothing doing up to 12 midnight. Had swim this afternoon. Not so many bathing today, weather fine, water rather cold.

Sunday 6th June, 1915

About eight wounded brought in after midnight. Few troops wounded on first day here came back today. Turks put about half dozen shells over early this morning. Off duty 7.30 a.m. Brisk rifle fire going on all morning. Received news that British submarine had been in the sea of Marmora and sunk large German Transport. Went for swim this afternoon, beach looked like a big sea-side resort, hundreds of troops in bathing, weather and water beautiful. Went on duty 7.30 p.m. Half dozen patients up till midnight. Heard news Italians progressing against Austrians. Got a clean shirt today, first since left Egypt, wanted it badly. Various rumours about our progress.

Monday 7th June, 1915

Three patients after midnight and up to 7.30 a.m. when I came off duty. About 500 New Zealand reinforcements landed at 2 a.m. and went up to Shrapnel Gully. Had an issue of cigarettes today, four packets per man. Turks put half dozen shrapnel shells over us this morning also a couple of their big shells, which we call Jack Johnsons, did no damage. Had visit this afternoon from W. Hill and went for swim together. Received news of rapid advance of Allies in France, also Zepellin raid on London and sinking of German Transport in Dardenelles by submarine E11. On duty 7.30 p.m. Expecting plenty of work tonight, had news our boys are making charge on hill known as Quin's Post.

Tuesday 8th June, 1915

Our troops made charge on Quin's Post about 1 a.m. their obect was to blow up a trench from which the Turks have been troubling us. Succeeded in blowing half of it up. Our casualties were not so many as expected, so we were not busy at all, as dressing station next to us was able to cope with them without our assistance. Desultory rifle fire all night. More reinforcements arrived early this morning. Off duty 7.30 a.m. Occasional shells put in during day by our destroyers. A British monitor arrived today, should help us considerably. Had swim this afternoon. On duty 7.30 p.m. About four wounded up to midnight, very slack rifle fire going on. Been very hot day, hard to sleep in day time.

Wednesday 9th June, 1915

Page 50

Had about three more patients after midnight, got them away to hospital ship about 2 a.m. Nothing further up to 7.30 a.m. when finished duty. Met another friend from Melbourne this morning, J. Roberts, he has been here a week today. Have not had any letters delivered yet although the mail has been in for two or three days. It is getting very hot in the day time now and sleep is a difficult matter, especially with the swarms of flies which are a great pest. Our guns shelled the enemy this afternoon, also the monitor which arrived yesterday put in a few shells. Turks have not fired a shell today. On duty 7.30 p.m. Nothing at all doing all night.

Thursday 10th June, 1915

Off duty at 7.30 a.m. after an easy night. Turks put about 20 shells over at about 6.30 a.m. These are the first they have put over for two days and they all fell in the sea without doing an atom of damage. Spent part of this morning in writing my letters home. The monitor and our batteries have been shelling the enemy again today. Went for a swim this afternoon, water rather cold although weather hot. Turks put few more shells over this evening, did no damage. On duty 7.30 p.m. nothing doing up to midnight. A decided improvement in tucker today. Rissoles made from fresh meat for breakfast, stew made from fresh meat and dried vegetables for dinner and stewed figs and dates with boiled rice for tea. Also bread in place of the everlasting biscuits.

Friday 11th June, 1915

Five wounded men brought in between midnight and 7.30 a.m. when I came off duty, one shot through brain died. Heavy rifle fire was going on from 1 a.m. till 3 a.m. when it died down and became fairly quiet. Turks dropped about 20 shells very close to our dressing station this morning, did no damage. About 2 p.m. enemy shelled our gully, one shell burst within 10 feet of our dug out, bullets from it went through water-bottle and overcoat of one of our fellows, he was using them for pillow at the time, he himself escaped unhurt. Turks shelled beach again this evening for half and hour, our destroyers silenced them. Enemy's shells do not seem to be so effective lately. On duty 7.30 p.m.

Saturday 12th June, 1915

Nothing at all doing in the way of wounded all night. About 200 wounded troops who have recovered came back and landed about 4 a.m. About 5 a.m. sighted half dozen warships going towards Cape Helles looked as if coming from Lemnos. Off duty 7.30 a.m. Turks bombarded us with shells at intervals during the whole day. Could not get any sleep at all today, as the heat is intense and flies are a great source of trouble. Dysentry is fairly prevalent among our troops owing I think to the contamination of our food by the flies. Received letter from mother today, rather disappointed at not receiving more, but they have not all been sent ashore yet. On duty 7.30 p.m. Had swim this afternoon.

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Sunday 13th June, 1915

About 10 wounded during the night, none serious. About 4 a.m. a large battle cruiser and a light cruiser of the town class appeared from round the island of "Embros" escorted by a number of destroyers. The light cruiser steamed to our left flank, or what is known as "Anzac Cove" and the battle cruiser took our right flank and for a couple of hours they poured shells into enemy, afterwards steaming towards Cape Helles. This afternoon our aeroplane flew over enemy's trenches and I distinctly saw three bombs dropped, which went off with loud explosion. Enemy tried to bring aeroplane down, three shots going very close, but he got away safely. On duty 7.30 p.m. Up to midnight four wounded men were brought in to be fixed up.

Monday 14th June, 1915

Very quiet from midnight till 4 a.m. when Turks opened fire from a gun on our left flank. I was dozing in dressing station when shell burst about 10 yards in front of us and covered me with gravel and dirt. In about an hour they put about 50 shells (percussion) all round us, all dropping within a 50 yards radius, ploughed earth up 5 yards in front of us. Blew up station adjoining us killing one man and wounding 10. 9 a.m. went into trenches on right flank with W. Hill, afterwards went in trenches, with another friend, on our right centre, through periscope saw Turks sapping and strengthening their position. A great sight and well worth going into the trenches to see. On duty at 7.30 p.m. Busy with minor cases until about 9.30 p.m., very quiet afterwards. Hot day.

Tuesday 15th June, 1915

A very quiet night, only about 4 wounded brought in. Off duty 7.30 a.m. Learnt that allies have at present about 170,000 troops on peninsular and about 27,000 here with us at Gaba Tepe and Anzac Cove and somewhere about 150,000 south of us, coming up from Cape Helles and at present situated about Achi-Bara and south of that place. British troops south of us charged the enemy and took two of their trenches. Our monitor shelled the enemy today on our left flank, from Anzac Cove very little reply from enemy. Sea fairly rough today, but managed to get a swim. Went on duty 7.30 a.m. a few minutes afterwards enemy put 4 shells about 10 yards past our dressing station, wounded 4 men, fortunately slight.

Wednesday 16th June, 1915

Very quiet night, no patients at all, sea quietened down consderably. A large transport arrived early this morning and landed nearly 800 reinforcements. Could hear our ships all morning heavily bombarding enemy between here and Cape Helles. Heard that French troops south of our position had done some good work and made an advance. Turks shelled the beach heavily this afternoon, killing several of our troops also wounding a good number. Enemy also shelled the

Page 52 trenches on our extreme right, blowing them about considerably, put one of our 18 pounders out of action and inflicting a number of casualties. Our boys held them off. On duty 7.30 p.m.

Thursday 17th June, 1915

Five wounded brought in during whole night. Our ships were bombarding enemy nearly whole of night, rifle fire of British troops coming up from south could be plainly heard at intervals during night. About 500 reinforcements landed here at 5 a.m. Off duty 7.30 a.m. Five years to day since I sailed from Liverpool England for Australia. Turks shelled beach again this afternoon, we sustained about eight casualties, one being killed outright. Our monitor and destroyers replied to enemy's guns, don't know what damage our shells did. Had long yarn this afternoon with J. Roberts. On duty at dressing station at 7.30 p.m.

Friday 18th June, 1915

Centenary of Waterloo. Quiet night again, practically nothing at all doing. Went off duty at 7.30 a.m. Not feeling too well today have got sore throat and feel generally out of sorts. Begged some rice from cooks and cooked it for dinner, was a great success. Could not sleep at all during day, too much out of sorts. Wrote some letters. Weather very hot and flies continue to be a great nuisance. The greater proportion of men being sent to base hospitals are sick and not suffering from wounds. On duty 7.30 p.m. About 9 p.m. enemy put half dozen shells on beach wounding slightly three engineers.

Saturday 19th June, 1915

No patients after midnight. Tried to snatch a sleep but no good, feel too much out of sorts. Could hear our ships shelling enemy during night to the south of us. Few more reinforcements arrived again this morning. Off duty at 7.30 a.m. Our aeroplane dropped bombs on enemy's trenches. A large party of Turks were seen moving across some flat country on our left flank, a destroyer immediately poured in a shell and did great execution. The enemy put half dozen shells on beach this evening, killing three of our troops. The shells came from over our right flank and from behind Gaba-Tepe. Went on duty 7.30 p.m.

Sunday 20th June, 1915

No wounded all night, our ships heavily pounded enemy with shell all night to south of us. Enemy put couple of shells over early this morning, dropped close to our dressing station. The enemy have a gun or a battery, well inland, on our right flank concealed in an olive grove, this is the point from which they daily at intervals shell the beach and from which they have done a dood deal of execution. For some reason our batteries are unable to locate or to silence them. Very little firing during

Page 53 day. Fatigue parties started digging the hill away round our dug out, Headquarters are coming to reside near us, we might have to look for a new home. On duty 7.30 p.m. Our fleet and guns to south heavily bombarded enemy this evening.

Monday 21st June, 1915

Ships and guns to south heavily bombarded enemy all night. We had about dozen wounded to fix up during night. Early this morning French troops to the south of us drove enemy back a considerable distance, repulsing all counter attacks, latest news we received French troops were still advancing. Our heavy guns continued shelling Achi-Baba all morning. Just after noon our monitor and two destroyers opened their guns on the point of Gaba-Tepi, shelled trenches close on beach and gradually worked their fire inland, raking trench after trench with explosives and shrapnel. No reply from enemy. On duty 7.30 p.m. Had splendid swim this afternoon, lovely day.

Tuesday 22nd June, 1915

Extremely quiet night, very little rifle fire, could not hear any big guns going at all. No wounded brought in at all. Off duty 7.30 a.m. About 8 a.m. Turks opened fire on us with a gun on our left flank, shells passed over us and dropped about 200 yards away on beach and edge of water. Were shelling us for fully an hour, firing fairly rapidly, shells screech as they pass over. Received orders at 10 a.m. to move our kits and make a new dug out. Found position for our new home two of us together and started digging. Made very comfortable dug out. While digging enemy were shelling us, several shells came very close, one struck about 15 yards from us, but failed to explode, the earth ploughed up by it covered us. Shelling all day. On duty 7.30 p.m. Very hot day.

Wednesday 23rd June, 1915

Had eight wounded to fix up during night. Very little firing going on. Off duty 7.30 a.m. Did a little more to our new home this morning. Late last night my pal who is with me in the dug out took sick and was sent to hospital ship. Turks shelling the beach again this morning. Turned in about 11 a.m. and slept till 5 p.m. Enjoyed my sleep as was thoroughly tired out. Received news that French troops had captured an important redoubt this morning down south. A young fellow from the clearing hospital next door to us had his left arm blown off by a shell while on the beach going for a swim. On duty 7.30 p.m., very busy till 9 p.m., lot of chaps getting sick. Enjoyed a lovely swim about 10 p.m.

Thursday 24th June, 1915

Had nothing at all to do during night, very hot all night, went for swim at 6 a.m. Off duty at 7.30 a.m. After breakfast spent morning writing letters. Very hot day, weather getting extremely hot. After dinner went down for swim which I thoroughly enjoyed. Came out of water about 3.30 p.m. and while I was on beach enemy

Page 54 started shelling it, made for cover at once, but one shell burst before all could get clear and caught eighteen, two were killed outright and 16 wounded, some very severely and some only slightly. Shells fell on beach for about half an hour then stopped, no further damage done. On duty 7.30 p.m. Very little doing, mostly sick troops.

Friday 25th June, 1915

Quiet night, two wounded brought in. A battery of R.F.A landed during night with four 5" Howitzers. They are from Glasgow. Also 300 reinforcements landed early this morning. Went for swim 6 a.m. Off duty 7.30 a.m. Put in a couple of hours this morning fixing my dug out. Turks shelled us on beach again for about an hour. Slept from 10 a.m. till 2 p.m. Went for swim at 3 p.m. H.M.S. "Lord Nelson" came up coast about 3 p.m. and heavily shelled "Maidos" a town on other side of peninsular from us, it is situated on the Narrows and is being used as concentration camp. On duty at 7.30 p.,m. Sent a lot of sick away this evening.

Saturday 26th June, 1915

Nothing doing all night so got few hours sleep. Awakened at 5 a.m. by one of our destroyers shelling the enemy on our left flank over "Anzac Cove". Went for swim 6.30 a.m., water lovely. Off duty 7.30 a.m. Received couple of letters and a paper from Australia this morning then had a sleep till dinner time. Made some porridge for breakfast with meal biscuits crushed up and sugar on it, not bad at all. About 3.30 p.m. boiled some potatoes, mashed them with dripping, ready for tea, left it to keep warm and went for another swim. My potatoes along with some bacon from the cooks made good tea. Turks shelled us heavily from 5 p.m. to 6 p.m. Shrapnel falling all round us, a shrapnel bullet has just come through roof of my dug out. On duty 7.30 p.m.

Sunday 27th June, 1915

Very quiet all night till 5 a.m. this morning, when Turks made an attack on our left flank. Shrapnel fell all over us and the rifle fire was very heavy for about an hour when enemy was beaten off. About 6 a.m. a couple of dozen wounded were brought in and we were kept busy for a little while. Off duty 7.30 a.m. Our destroyers keep putting a few shells into the the Turks all morning. The destroyers are wonderful, just like little watchdogs noting every move of the enemy's and blocking it. Turks shelled beach again this afternoon, one shell killed two men, blew them to pieces and very seriously wounded several others. Had swim this afternoon and went on duty at dressing station at 7.30 p.m.

Monday 28th June, 1915

Hardly a shot fired all night so we had no wounded brought in. Went for swim

Page 55 6.30 a.m. Off duty 7.30 a.m. About 9 a.m. about 40 to 50 ships, transports, battleships, destroyers, sweepers etc came in sight apparently from Lemnos. They made to the south of us between Gaba-Tepi and Cape Helles. The warships among them at once opened a terrific fire on the enemy, bombarding them pitilessly. Our monitor and destroyers joined in, also field batteries, kept bombardment up all day. The heavy shells look as though they are blowing the hills to pieces. Our troops charged and captured some trenches on right flank. On duty 7.30 p.m.. Very busy, lots of wounded.

Tuesday 29th June, 1915

About 11 p.m. last night had to go out to Hospital ship S.S. Sicilia with patient who had bullet wound in shoulder with the subclavian artery severed. Had a real good dinner on board and a look round the wards. A lovely ship with splendid fittings, everything on board seemed absolutely perfect. Got back ashore at 3 a.m. Things had quietened off considerably by this time. A destroyer put half dozen shells in wheat field which was affording cover to enemy and set it on fire buring it right out. Our ships still heavily bombarding enemy to south of us. I hear 30,000 troops landed yesterday between us at Gaba-Tepi and Achi-Baba. On duty 7.30 p.m. Wind blowing hard tonight.

Wednesday 30th June, 1915

Turks made attack on Walkers Ridge late last night, broke through but were completely wiped out. Loaded all the wounded in boats to be towed out by pinnace to hospital ship. Were about half mile out when tow rope parted, succeeded in getting 2½" wire hawser, but also parted, sea very rough now. Sprang up in 10 minutes. Boats drifted down coast and came ashore about 200 yards inside our lines on right flank. Had rough job getting wounded out of boats again in such rough sea, boats were lifted up on the waves and dashed down again continually making it hard to get patients on stretchers out. Spray flew all over, up to waist in water, eventually got all out safely, took off their wet clothes, gave blankets, hot drink, comfortable for night.

Thursday 1st July, 1915

Sea very rough all night, had difficulty in loading wounded to be taken to hospital ship, managed to load them on a water barge about 1 a.m. and they were towed out by steam pinnace, pouring rain all the time, tremendous downpour. Off duty 7.30 a.m. sea has calmed down and it turned out a lovely morning. Wrote some letters after breakfast and at 11 a.m. turned in and slept till 3 p.m. when I got up and went down for a swim, sea pretty rough again this afternoon, very strong breeze. Not been much firing today, can hear battleships doing a little down at Cape Helles. On duty again at 7.30 p.m. sent about 60 men, wounded and sick away to-night, mostly sick. Got them away about 9.30 p.m.

Page 56 Friday 2nd July, 1915

Only 4 wounded, all slight, during night since sent last lot away at 9.30 last night. Strong breeze and sea still very rough this morning, but pretty warm. Off duty 7.30 a.m. Spent morning reading some English papers I picked up in hospital, enjoyed them quite a treat. Had couple of hours sleep this afternoon. Our battleships are continuously bombarding to the south of us, can see their shells bursting over the enemy quite plainly. The Allied troops coming up from Sed-el-bar have advanced considerably this week. On duty 7.30 p.m. Had about 90 patients to get off on to boats to-night most of them are sick, managed it by about 10 p.m.

Saturday 3rd July, 1915

No patients brought in during night. About 11 p.m. last night I was taken with violent pains in stomach, also with vomiting and retching, was like this all night in great agony, about 5 a.m. saw one of our doctors, gave me some medicine and sent me to my dugout. Pain contined till about 10.30 a.m. when I dozed off to sleep till 12 noon. Felt better when I woke, but awfully shaky. Kept quiet all day, never had anything to eat as it was a touch of Ptomanic poisoning I had got. Sat in sun for about an hour this afternoon and saw one of our battleships come out of harbour from Island of Embros which we can see plainly and shell Turks on our left flank.

Sunday 4th July, 1915

Did not go on duty last night as I was to weak and shaking. Went to sleep about 9 p.m. and had good night's sleep as I was thoroughly worn out. Woke up this morning feeling much better, just a little shaky. Had a very little oatmeal porridge and mile and cup of tea for breakfast. Sat in sun all morning reading a book I borrowed. This afternoon a French transport was torpedoed by enemy submarine off Cape Helles, fortunately troops had all disembarked, hear transport did not sink but was run aground and will be saved. Two battleships of our squadron came up late this evening and heavily shelled the enemy's trenches on our right flank. Did not go on duty to-night.

Monday 5th July, 1915

Had good night sleep and woke the better for it, feeling a bit weak and shaky naturally as I have had practically no food for two days. Had a little dry biscuit for breakfast and then spent morning reading and looking out over sea, where our ships and destroyers are moving about with unceasing vigil. Turks opened up fire with an 11" gun, must have brought it up during night, opened fire about 8 a.m.. Fired about dozen huge shells, about 8 of them burst in water sending up a column of water about 50 feet high, the others struck top of hill on our right doing no damage but covering us with dirt. Gun was spotted after second shell and our destroyer soon silenced it. Had a little stew for dinner, felt new man after having a little substantial food, went on duty at 7.30 p.m.

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Tuesday 6th July, 1915

Sent about 90 patients on to hospital ships about midnight last night after which things were very quiet. A lot of the patients were sick, these men had been accumulating all day. Destroyers were shelling at intervals during night. Off duty at 7.30 a.m. Having breakfast outside my dug-out when enemy sent a few shells rather close, one burst in a dug-out about 20 yards from me, a chap was sleeping inside. The shell burst all the earth away, filling in the dug-out and burying the man, started at once to dig him out, expected him to be dead when got him out, he had not got a scratch. Very quiet during rest of day, went on duty at 7.30 p.m.

Wednesday 7th July, 1915

Got our patients away on boats last night about 11 p.m., after that only had five cases come in during night. Turks burst four shrapnel shells over us at dressing station about 6.30 a.m. Off duty about 7.30 a.m. Spent morning in writing as the mail goes from here tomorrow. After dinner did little more writing, then went for swim, very hot day. Went on duty at 7.30 p.m. About 8 p.m. Turks heavily shelled with high explosives a portion of our line known as Courtney's Hill, killed number of our men and badly wounded a lot more, also buried some on the place where they blew the trenches in, got all our wounded away about 9 p.m.

Thursday 8th July, 1915

Had a very quiet night after the shelling on Courtney's Hill last night. Turks fired a single shell about 5.30 a.m. landed in bag of flour on beach close to our dressing station. Off duty 7.30 a.m. spent morning writing letters in dug-out. Enemy shelled us from 9 a.m. till 10 a.m. fairly heavily, most passed over my dug-out, but one or two landed unpleasantly close, one bursting not more than 6 yards away. Had swim just before dinner. Improved and cleaned my dug-out this afternoon, then had quiet read for an hour after which had another swim. About 5 p.m. Turks heavily shelled the beach and water round about a small pier that the engineers built. Hit steam pinnace, put hole in but did not sink it. On duty 7.30 p.m.

Friday 9th July , 1915

Three wounded men brought in during night to our dressing station, so was not much doing. Came off duty 7.30 a.m., fairly quiet this morning, enemy only putting an occasional shell over. Heard this morning we are to be inoculated against cholera as it has already broken out amongst the Turks. Slept from 11 a.m. till 1.30 p.m., then had dinner and lay down again till 4 p.m. when I went down for swim. Weather is keeping very hot and water is lovely. Few shells came over us for about half an hour after tea. Went on duty at 7.30 p.m. got what patients we had in, away to ships about 9 p.m. nothing doing afterwards so slept all night.

Page 58 Saturday 10th July, 1915

Had to sleep fully dressed as we were on duty if needed. Woke about 5 a.m., tidied dressing station up, few early morning shells came as usual. Off duty 7.30 a.m. Loafed the morning up till 11 a.m. away in the sun, then went for swim. This afternoon received my first inoculation against cholera. The warship Agamemnon came up this afternoon and heavily bombarded a hill just inland and to the south a little of Gaba-Tepe. Went away about 5 p.m. and H.M.S. Chatham took her place firing very heavily. Was in for swim about 4.30 p.m. Observation balloon and aeroplane reconnoitred this evening. On duty at 7.30 p.m. at dressing station.

Sunday 11th July, 1915

About midnight Turks exploded a mine under one of our trenches, about 20 wounded were brought in from this part, mostly slight. All night beach parties were busy landing more reinforcements and stores, also a large 4.7 naval gun landed ready mounted for field work. Came off duty at 7.30 a.m. Turks shelled beach this morning wounding about a dozen of our troops. Had sleep for couple of hours before dinner. After dinner had rest and then went for swim, an awful hot day. About 6.30 p.m. H.M.S. Doris came out of harbour at Embros and took up position in Anzac Cove. Observation balloon was up giving range, like sheet of flame broadside after broadside at enemy on left flank. On duty 7.30 p.m.

Monday 12th July, 1915

Sent patients away to hospital ship at 9 p.m. last night, no more wounded brought in during night. Off duty at 7.30 a.m. About 9 a.m. could hear fierce firing for about half an hour, shortly afterwards about 30 wounded were brought in and they told us that a party of our troops had charged the enemy at one point and captured a trench also inflicting severe casualties on the enemy. During morning enemy tried some long shots, with long range guns, at the mine sweepers, but without the slightest success. Our ships heavily bombarded enemy to the south of us and I believe our troops from Sed-el-bahr have made an advance. On duty at 7.30 p.m. Getting awfully hot.

Tuesday 13th July, 1915

Seven wounded brought in during night, our troops here kept up a sham attack all night to keep enemy busy here so they could not send reinforcements against the Allied troops who were making an advance from the south. Star shells and searchlight going all night, made things look like fire-work show. Off duty 7.30 a.m. Slept from 9 a.m. till 1.30 p.m. then went for swim. A bit of an artillery duel taking place to-night, enemy have shelled our trenches about 6 p.m. causing us a few casualties. On duty 7.30 p.m. More casualties about 8 p.m. some severe, kept busy till about 10 p.m.

Wednesday 14th July, 1915

Page 59

Quiet all night after 10 p.m. last night, so managed to sleep most of night. Received six letters to-day. Took up new duties to-day and am now acting as orderly to Captain Dawson, my new job has been quite satisfactory to-day. Heard good news from south to-day, the Allied troops there are reported to be almost in command of Achi-Baba, a fortified hill which has caused much trouble and is the cause of our delay. Had swim this afternoon. Enemy put shell on beach this evening wounding 4 men, two severely, one Captain Campbell, Registered Medical Officer, 8th L.H. both legs blown off at knees, not dead, other foot blown off. Turned in at 9 p.m.

Thursday 15th July, 1915

Up at 5.30 a.m., beautiful morning. Did my round of duties during day. Duties consist of drawing rations for Captain Dawson, airing his blankets and sleeping bag and any little thing he wants done, will also have to look after his horse when it is with him. Only two shells came on beach today, one man hit slightly. Aeroplane up this morning, enemy fired over 30 shells at it, did not hit it. Large cruiser appeared this afternoon and shelled over by Achi-Baba very heavily for about an hour, observation ballon was also up. Went for swim this afternoon has been a very hot day. Saw W. Hill and A. Milne this evening. Turned in 9.30 p.m.

Friday 16th July, 1915

Up at 5.30 a.m. Turks shelled beach very heavily nearly all morning but very few of our troops were injured. Had nothing to do today as Captain Dawson has gone on board hospital ship. We have heard heavy gun firing all day down Achi-Baba way. This afternoon our monitor came on the scene and at intervals put some heavy shells inland at the enemy. Another four gun battery of 5" howitzers was landed here during last night. Had swim this afternoon also one this evening, both interrupted by shrapnel from the enemy. Turned in about 9.30 p.m.

Saturday 17th July, 1915

Yesterday afternoon the Admiral's motor came ashore with Admiral De Roebuck and staff, General Birdwood met them on the pier. Up at 5.30 a.m. this morning, about 5.45 an enemy aeroplane flew over and dropped two bombs, one exploded in the water and the other did not burst so no damage was done. This morning a French General and his staff came ashore and were met by General Birdwood who escorted them off to see the trenches. Our aeroplane was up this afternoon. Enemy put a few shells on the beach today, did no damage. Things been fairly quiet, am getting excellent tucker now, turned in 9.30 p.m.

Sunday 18th July, 1915

Page 60 The 12th Sunday and exactly twelve weeks since we arrived off this coast, up at 5.30 a.m. and commenced my duties. All day long the enemy have been shelling the beach with shrapnel and high explosive shells. Our casualties on the beach must have been not less then 30 of whom at least 4 were killed out-right and others seriously wounded, our guns have also been busy shelling the enemy. Had narrow escape myself sitting on sand bag watching shells burst, one burst very close and I moved about a yard away into cover, as I moved a bullet from a shrapnel struck bag I had been sitting on not 10 seconds before. Heavy firing all day to the south of us. The heat is getting awful and the flies terrible.

Monday 19th July, 1915

Very hot all night, up at 5.30 a.m. started my duties. A lot of work going on on beach, two more piers being erected, supplies coming in in barges and being unloaded by fatigue parties, batteries of British howitzers and men have been landing these last three nights, 20 howitzers 5" altogether I believe. Bathing has been prohibited after 7 p.m. and before 7 a.m.. The sea has been a blessing to our boys and has no doubt been a great help against sickness and disease. Heavy artillery fire both from our guns and from Allies to south, also from warships. New monitor came today, 2 x 14 inch guns mounted only fired one shot, our other monitor put a good few shells into the enemy. Not many casualties today. Turned in about 9.30 p.m.

Tuesday 20th July, 1915

Up at 5.30 a.m. commenced my duties. Piece of shell went through Colonels dugout and through his water bottle, also piece went through our adjutants (Captain Finn) dugout, fortunately both were out at the time. More artillery and men coming ashore each night. Aeroplane made long survey over enemy's trenches, great sight to see aeroplane flying along with little puffs of smoke appearing all round it, which are the shells fired by enemy to try and bring it down. Greek parliament should meet today. Was provided with a respirator for use against poisonous gases, it is like a bag fits over the head with a piece of gelatine to see through, bag is soaked with a chemical. Turned in about 9.30 p.m.

Wednesday 21st July, 1915

Up at 5.30 started my days work. Heavy gun fire was going on to the south evidently our warships and field artillery also enemy's. Had second dose of inoculation against cholera. Sounds of firing died down about 10 a.m., very quiet since then. Reported that Turks have received 100,000 reinforcements this last day or two and it is expected that they will make an attack on our position. A cruiser and our monitor have been keeping within sight all day and about 6 p.m. the monitor let go with her

Page 61 guns, shortly afterwards the cruiser which was lying 4 or 5 miles south let go her guns and for a short while poured in salvo after salvo, our destroyers also opened out this evening.

Thursday 22nd July, 1915

Up at 5.30 a.m., beautiful morning, hardly a shot could be heard. After breakfast I put in the morning writing letters. Special orders issued today that every man must carry his smoke helmet and respirator with him all the time, must be expecting enemy to use poisonous gases any time. Went in for swim this afternoon, after being in about 10 minutes I came out in a hurry, enemy started shelling beach and one shell burst in water before I could get out not more than 20 yards from me. Shells burst all round our dressing station and hospital but did not injure anyone, expecting attack by Turks any time now.

Friday 23rd July, 1915

Woke about 1.30 a.m. by sound of heavy rifle fire and our destroyers shelling enemy, lasted about half an hour. Turks did not attack as expected. Up at 5.30 a.m. started work. Pretty quiet up till dinner time. After dinner two of our monitors came out from Embros and shelled the enemy somewhere inland for a couple of hours, also a small cruiser put some shots in. Four large monitors and the small one that has been here some time now are in the harbour at the island of Embros which is right opposite to our position and which we can see plainly. Also saw large French battleship go in this afternoon. Had a short swim before tea and turned in about 9 p.m.

Saturday 24th July, 1915

Was up at 5 a.m. this morning everything quiet. About 10 a.m. enemy put shell on beach at waters edge, burst among about 60 men, a lot bathing, only one man slightly wounded. At 12 noon another shell fell about same place, followed by a second, these two shells wounded between 20 and 30 men, some seriously. The first of the two shells wounded most, the second only hitting a couple. Assisted to carry these men in on stretchers. Turks continued shelling beach all afternoon. Saw Neville Anderson killed by shell, he died instantly, was standing about 20 yards from him, shell burst in front of him, did not hit him but concussion fractured base of skull. 5 men killed outright and about 50 injured on beach today.

Sunday 25th July, 1915

Three calendar months since we came to these shores (13 weeks). Up at 5.30 a.m. lovely morning, everything quiet. Turks shelled our trenches fairly heavily on left flank this morning. After dinner they turned their attention again to the beach. Every part of our position here is dangerous as shells land all over it and the pellets from

Page 62 shrapnel fly all round you as you do your work and one marvels that he is not hit. One burst just ahead of me this evening and the bullets kicked up the dust all round me yet not a soul was hit. A shell burst in the gully where we are camped at 7 p.m. this evening and killed one of our sergeants (Sergeant Gordon) of South Australia and wounding Sergeant Nixon of N.S.W. in the thigh, pellets went right through.

Monday 26th July, 1915

Up at 5.30 a.m. commenced my duties. Everything very quiet till just after breakfast when Turks started shelling beach pretty heavily. They have got our range and position to a nicety and have made things pretty warm on the beach these last few days. The first shell which landed on beach this morning burst about 30 feet above my head, I was standing on the hillside, did not touch me but the men at the foot of the hill caught it pretty badly. Eleven were hit altogether from the one shell, a poor chap about 15 yards below me had his right leg blown off just above the knee, he died, other shells fell and within 5 minutes we had 5 killed and about 20 wounded. Shells fell at intervals all day.

Tuesday 27th July, 1915

Up at 5.30 a.m. started work. The heat is excessive and is very trying to the boys. Turks put about half dozen shells on beach about 10 a.m. I was in Captain Dawson's dugout, shell burst right by it and cap of shell went right through water can I had just put down, was about 2 yards from me, made hole about 4 inches diameter and pulverized the tin. Another shell burst above the dugout and a bullet (shrapnel) passed between a friend of Captain Dawson and myself as we were sitting talking, but a miss is as good as a mile in this game. We are getting very short handed as a lot of our men are away sick as well as the wounded. Enemy shelled beach all day at intervals, turned in 9.30 p.m.

Wednesday 28th July, 1915

Enemy shelled our portion of the beach at 1 a.m. this morning, kept it up for about half an hour. Lieutenant Onslow, A.D.C. to General Birdwood was killed instantly, have not heard of any other casualties. Up at 5.30 a.m., was just going in for swim when shells began falling on beach and in water so postponed till later. Beach was heavily shelled at intervals all day , about 40 casualties on beach, some slight and few severe and about eight killed, assisted in getting some of them in to dressing station. Warm work, never know where next shell is going to fall, although we can hear them coming. A four gun battery of 60 pounders was landed after dark, the largest guns we have here, have range of 11 miles.

Thursday 29th July, 1915

Woke at 6 a.m. this morning, started duties, learning another chap my job today as I have to go back to work at dressing station, can't be spared from it as six of tent

Page 63 division are away sick only leaving six with myself here, very short handed. Turks been very quiet today only fired two shells on beach this morning wounding one man slightly and two this evening did no damage. About 7 p.m. an enemy aeroplane flew over our lines, dropped two bombs, one burst at waters edge doing no damage other did not burst, the aeroplane got away very quickly as one of ours was seen coming up from the south. Makes one think when enemy plane above you dropping bombs.

Friday 30th July, 1915

Up at 6 a.m. and went for dip, water lovely. Have had day off and am going on duty at 7.30 p.m. tonight, work all night until 7.30 a.m. tomorrow morning. Enemy fired about half dozen shells on beach this morning, wounded about 6 men. More 5" howitzers were landed last night, now have between 80 and 90 guns here. Just after dinner a French cruiser appeared to the south and 3 monitors bombarded enemy for about an hour, about 5 p.m. an enemy aeroplane flew over us (Taube) dropped two bombs, both fell into sea doing no harm. Went on duty 7.30 p.m. attended to few sick cases and about couple of wounded up to midnight.

Saturday 31st July, 1915

Nothing doing after midnight, very quiet. About 5.30 a.m. enemy aeroplane (Taube) flew over our lines again, dropped three bombs, fell somewhere other side of hill, don't know if did any damage. Landed more field guns during night and at intervals shelled the enemy. Enemy very quiet all day today. Went for swim this afternoon, very hot day. Heavy bombardment going on down south, hear big guns roaring all day. Our aeroplane made long survey over enemy's lines this evening and dropped a couple of bombs which we heard explode with a loud crash. Went on duty at 7.30 p.m.

Sunday 1st August, 1915

Between midnight and 1 a.m. this morning we expoloded a mine in a sap under Turks trench on right flank, our men then charged and captured two lines of trenches, heavy firing went on for a couple of hours, about this time enemy put half dozen shells on beach close to our dressing station, killed a Lieutenant and wounded about 10 men. We landed about 20 more guns during night (18 pounders). Fourteenth week here, fairly quiet during day, had good sleep, went for swim about 4 p.m. About 6 p.m. enemy aeroplane flew over us, half hour later two of our planes went over Turks lines. One of our planes was a Taube captured from the enemy at Cape Helles, mistook it for enemy plane at first. Went on duty at 7.30 p.m.

Monday 2nd August, 1915

Page 64 Three wounded brought in during night, one died. Six hundred reinforcements (Australian) landed durng night, also about 150 Indians with about 250 mules for transport work. Off duty at 7.30 a.m. Some officers just landing about 10 a.m. when enemy put couple of shells over, one officer hit just as he stepped off boat on to pier (hard luck). Three cruisers (British) appeared a few miles to the south of our position and cruised about all day, shelling the enemy at intervals. Very quiet with us all afternoon. About 7 p.m. an enemy aeroplane flew over us, dropped a bomb in the sea close to hospital ship, did no damage. Our fire drove him away. On duty 7.30 p.m., still very hot.

Tuesday 3rd August, 1915

Very quiet night, no wounded brought in. A number of English officers (Headquarters staff) landed during night, also large quantities of timber and barbed wire for entanglements. Notice posted up, beach has to be cleared of all men tonight and two following nights except those on duty. Think they are going to land a lot of troops, hope so. Did little writing today. This afternoon enemy heavily shelled the foreshore, one shell hit a steam pinnace and it had to be beached, will put it right again tomorrow. Enemy aeroplane flew over about 7 p.m. Could hear our warships bombarding in the Dardanelles all day, could see three cruisers down coast. On duty 7.30 p.m.

Wednesday 4th August, 1915

About a dozen wounded brought in during night and a few sick troops. About 8,000 British troops (Kitchener's Army) were landed during night, also about 1,300 Australians, returned wounded and reinforcements. One Britisher (a Warwick) was killed by a bullet as they were landing, also one wounded. About 6.30 a.m. an enemy plane (Taube) flew over our lines, dropped several bombs and darts, have not heard of any damage. Stores and fodder being landed in large quantities all day. Wrote some letters this morning and had short sleep after dinner. Enemy heavily shelled beach again this evening but did not manage to do any damage. Went on duty 7.30 p.m. very quiet all day.

Thursday 5th August, 1915

Not very busy during night, another large body of troops landed during night. I hear about 10,000, also some Australian reinforcements. We have now got Warwicks, Gloucesters, Wiltshires, South Wales Borderers, North Lancs. regiments here as well as Colonial troops, disembarked without slightest hitch expecting to make a great attack on Turks in few days. Off duty 7.30 a.m. Fairly quiet all morning here but heavy gunfire going on to the south. Enemy heavily shelled beach this afternoon, hit another steam pinnace, had to be beached. Commander Cator in charge of navy men ashore was killed while giving orders from pier also one of his

Page 65 Lieutenants was wounded. Cator had been promoted from Lieutentant Commander to Commander just about 48 hours previously. On duty 7.30 p.m.

Friday 6th August, 1915

Had word last night to be ready to vacate our dressing station by 8 a.m. this morning. Had very solid night, two operations, one amputation of hand also numberous other cases and we also had to be packing our medical panniers an stores. Turks attacked portion of our trenches about 5 a.m. and we had a run of wounded, nearly 200 men, passed through our hands during night sick and wounded, feel bit done up this morning. Great number of troops landed during the night, some Ghurka's. Turned in for spell about 9 a.m. Slept till 1 p.m. Had word to move to left flank at 2 p.m., leaving greatcoats and pack behind. Moved round at 2 p.m. about 1 1/2 miles and are right among our own artillery. Warships bombarded enemy today. Something doing tonight, orders to be ready to move again at 4 a.m. tomorrow. Walkers Ridge on left flank.

Saturday 7th August, 1915

Was awake most of the night, warships bombarded the enemy and our men attacked. Also more British troops were landed north of our position at Anzac Cove. We are right in among our own artillery. Was put on guard over our water supply at 6 a.m. At 7 a.m. went about 3/4 mile round beach to get a wounded man, we were sniped at all the way. Got him safely in. Moved away carrying everything about 9 a.m., went right through to where Turkish headquarters had been the day before, our boys suprised them. Fixed dressing station and worked till 10 p.m., was told at 10 p.m. to get a sleep till 1 a.m. Plenty to do, have made a great advance but casualties heavy. Are situated about 3 miles from our dressing station on beach, which has been taken over by 2nd Field Ambulance.

Sunday 8th August, 1915

Our dressing station was riddled with shrapnel. Was called out at 1 a.m. Any amount of work, feel stiff and sore from previous days heavy work of carrying all our gear. Worked hard all day, only had a cup of tea about 9 a.m. and some fried bully beef, biscuits hard as iron, about 1 p.m. with water. This afternoon our dressing station was heavily shelled, one of our patients killed and a stretcher bearer wounded. All around us men fell and we had to work at top speed. The Royal Irish Rifles suffered most, also some of the Dublins. At 5 p.m. word came for us to advance and so without anything to eat we had to move forward about a mile and half. Was told off about 11 p.m. to turn in, feel real done up. Monday 9th August, 1915

Slept in bit of a hollow in ground till 7 a.m., got up and had breakfast - tea without sugar, biscuits and bully beef. Feel stiff and sore all over from heavy carrying,

Page 66 bullets flying all round us, have lost about 10 of our corps (wounded) this last couple of days, things are very solid. Attended on patients in open till 5 p.m. when engineers had made place for hospital tent. We only dress wounds and perform urgent operations, sending patients on immediately afterwards to clearing hospital to be put on ship. We have got through some hundreds of wounded already, some of the wounds are awful and the men suffer untold agony. A battery of our artillery is only about 100 yards away and behind us so we are under fire constantly, both rifle, bullets and shell, our hospital tent is riddled with bullet holes, have got to stay up all night.

Tuesday 10th August, 1915

Bullets coming over hill and falling all round us. Gradually losing our men. 3 Reinforcements arrived for us yesterday. 2 wounded today. Have been on duty all night and was relieved at 8 a.m. this morning, am pretty tired, been very busy all the time, had about 40 wounded since 12 midnight, mostly serious cases some hopeless. Shells burst all round us and bullets came through tent for about an hour this morning, one of our men was wounded, are terribly short handed. Sharp rifle fire been going on all day, also artillery fire, both our own and the Turks, our fleet was busy with their guns also. Been assisting off and on all day as wounded have come in, believe our boys are pushing forward, our Sergeant dispenser got a bullet in his shoulder this afternoon while helping with the wounded in the tent. We are in an awful position.

Wednesday 11th August, 1915

Very busy last night, our Colonel did six amputations last night (legs and arms) all between 10 p.m. and 1 a.m. this morning, also had lot of other wounded in, was on all night till 8 a.m. Some terrible wounds, will be glad when it is all over. Saw one of our aeroplanes chase a German plane (Taube) but it got away. Received some letters and papers today from home. Things seem to have been somewhat quieter today, not so many wounded brought in and the firing has not been so heavy, although we are still getting a fair share of bullets over our way and we are all most remarkably lucky to have escaped being hit so far, our hospital tent is like a sieve, full of bullet holes, they are whistling by all the time. Went on duty for night at 12 p.m.

Thursday 12th August, 1915

Fairly quiet all night, only three wounded brought in, one English Tommy and two Indians. The Indians were wounded by shrapnel bullets only 20 yards from our dressing station. Off duty at 8 a.m. and turned in for sleep. Have not had wash for seven days as water is not too plentiful and beach is some distance away. This afternoon climbed top of hill at base of which we are camped, could see our firing line also enemy's. Watched our shells bursting on hill 971 which our boys are attacking, could see Turks blown into the air. Another of our corps badly wounded

Page 67 today. Still having hot weather, makes it difficult to sleep in day time. Practically living on biscuits and bully beef with 2oz jam daily, not very fattening, biscuits as hard as iron, sometimes make bully beef into stew by adding water and boiling and sometimes have it fried, but it is still bully beef. On duty 12 p.m. midnight.

Friday 13th August, 1915

Very quiet not a single wounded man brought in all night, just a little rifle fire going on and an occasional boom from one of the monitors as she puts a shell among the enemy. Off duty at 8 a.m. This morning went to beach about 1 1/2 miles away and had a swim, a bit risky as there are snipers about, but I simply had to have a wash somehow, also washed my socks in the sea. Had a bit of sleep this afternoon, but too hot to enjoy it. One or two wounded came down during the day. Went up the hill this evening to watch our shells bursting in enemy trenches, sharp rifle fire commenced while I was up and had to keep down in an old trench as bullets were hitting all around us. On duty 12 p.m.

Saturday 14th August, 1915

Not a wounded man brought in all night, would be having a good time if we could get some decent tucker. This morning went to our advanced dressing station close to firing line, had to be very careful and take advantage of all cover. Sickening sight, men and mules lying dead all the way and the stench from them awful. Very quiet all afternoon, now and again a gun speaks. After tea went up the hill again with telescope and had a look over the country. Could see the dead lying thick between the firing lines, mostly Turks. Saw two of our ships bombarding around the town of Annafarta which was burnt out a couple of days ago. It is a grand but awful sight. On duty 12 midnight.

Sunday 15th August, 1915

Sixteen weeks today since we came here. Quiet all night again, two wounded men brought in, one a hopeless case. Rumours that our boys are to attack and advance on hill 971 tonight, if so be plenty of work for us. Had to shift our position this afternoon as a mountain battery wanted our position. Moved about a quarter of a mile to a spot a little more sheltered, although we are still surrounded by our own artillery. There are between 20 and 30 guns within about 300 yards ofus, so our position is not too good. Our Colonel was promoted today to the position of A.D.M.S. in place of Colonel Manders who was killed. Major Meikle becomes Officer commanding 4th Field Ambulance. On duty 12 midnight.

Monday 16th August, 1915

Page 68 The rumoured attack did not take place so we had another quiet night, no wounded coming in to us at all. Off duty 8 a.m. went for walk up hill to see if anything doing, nothing doing only an odd shot from either side. Very hot, not a breath of wind, flies very troublesome. Any amount of hard work when we shift our position, digging in, pick and shovel. Went for swim about 3 p.m., walk of a mile but water lovely. Sound of heavy rifle fire to the north of us this evening. Turks put a few big shells over us this evening, did no damage, burst nearly a mile behind us, made a terrible explosion. Our artillery put a few shots in in reply. On duty at 12 midnight.

Tuesday 17th August, 1915

No wounded brought in till 5 a.m. this morning when one man was brought in shot through the head. A fatal wound, was unconcious when brought in. Off duty at 8 a.m. had breakfast and we all had to fall in on parade at 9 a.m. when the roll was called and a few orders issued. Spent morning reading some English papers I borrowed from one of our boys. Very hot day again, went for swim after dinner, just got back to our camp when enemy commenced shelling the beach. Just after tea received word to move camp as artillery want our position. Got to work, packed up and struck hospital tent ready to move at 5 a.m. tomorrow. Enemy plane dropped bombs a little to north of us. On duty 12 midnight.

Wednesday 18th August, 1915

Had two wounded during night, sent them straight on to clearing station. Roused the camp at 3.45 a.m. had an early breakfast and moved camp to our new site about 1/4 of a mile north. Plenty of hard digging, pick and shovel to make place for our hospital (operating) tent, got it fixed up and then had to dig dugouts for ourselves. Hands covered with blisters and sore. Did sufficient to make a dugout fit for tonight at any rate by dinner time. After dinner went for swim which I much needed, freshened me up considerably. Stew was little better for tea, had a potato or two in it which made it seem a luxury. no sugar in tea yet. Two enemy planes dropped bombs not far from us this evening. On duty 12 midnight.

Thursday 19th August, 1915

One wounded man brought in to us during the night, shot through abdomen. Heavy rifle fire a little to the north of us all night, about 7 a.m. could see some English troops advancing, enemy poured shrapnel over them but could not stop their advance, they were about a mile north of us advancing over the open, along edge of salt lake. One of our boys got bullet in left hip today. Our cruisers hovering round putting in a few shells now and again also desultory rifle fire, most of it on our left. Went for swim this afternoon, have to cross mile of open country to beach, after bathing had to lie between sand hills as enemy were heavily shelling open country between us and our camp. Waited about 1 1/2 hours till shelling eased. On duty 12 midnight.

Page 69

Friday 20th August, 1915

No wounded all night, but had five sick men in. Bullets whistled fairly frequently round our tent but only one came through during whole night. Off duty 8 a.m. During night our greatcoats and other belongings were brought up from Anzac by mule transport, so I was able to get a clean change of underclothing which I badly needed having worn the only shirt I had with me for fifteen days, practically never being undressed it was not too clean. It is also fifteen days today since I had a wash in fresh water, don't know when I am going to get one, getting enough to drink and for our cooks but none to spare for washing. Had a swim this afternoon, been pretty hot, pretty quiet this evening. On duty 12 midnight.

Saturday 21st August, 1915

Five patients during night sick, none wounded. Off duty 8 a.m. Very little firing all morning, great number of men reported at our dressing station this morning sick, sent them straight on to clearing hospital. About 2 p.m. two cruisers moved into position just off from us and observation balloon went up at 2.30 p.m. The cruisers and our land batteries which are situated all round us opened a terrific bombardment, the shells bursting in and around Annafarta township, at 3 p.m. gunfire ceased a little and our troops, mostly English, about a mile to the north of us, started to attack the enemy, could see them advancing quite plainly. Plenty of work, wounded started coming in about 6 p.m., going for all we're worth.

Sunday 22nd August, 1915

Turned in about 9.30 p.m. last night and was up and at it again at 11.30 p.m. Kept very busy all night, dressing wounds and carrying stretchers. Administered two anasthetics during night. Fighting been going on all night, heavy casualties. Treated at our dressing station about 130 wounded from 6 p.m. yesterday to 6 a.m. this morning. Bad night for us 6 of our own corps being hit, one killed outright, 3 seriously and 2 slightly wounded. Told off for rest at 9 a.m. Went on again at 12 noon worked hard till 6 p.m. Off for spell from 6 p.m. till 12 midnight. On again 12 midnight for the night. Between 6 p.m. last night and 12 midnight tonight over 400 wounded have passed through our hands. Our section (A Section) only have 11 bearers left out of about 50 to 60, some killed and others wounded, few sick. Monday 23rd August, 1915

Rush of wounded eased off considerably after midnight last night, only had few in but was kept going till 8 a.m. this morning when came off for spell. Two days ago after the bombardment I could see where scrub had caught fire from shells. learned since that number of troops, mostly English wounded, were caught by the fire and burned to death. The 5th Australian Brigade 3rd Contingent landed a couple of days ago and some of them took part in this late action. Some of them had not earned a very good reputation, especially 8th Battalion. They suffered fairly heavily but seemed to

Page 70 have lost all heart, hope they will redeem themselves. Gave hand with few wounded this evening, turned in 10 p.m.

Tuesday 24th August, 1915

On duty 8 a.m. this morning, had been fairly quiet all day, little bit of sniping by the enemy and few shells from our batteries just to keep things going. Had a fresh water wash today, appreciated it. Also had some letters from home, learned my brother Harry has enlisted, did a little writing this afternoon. A good number of men came down sick today, sent some away for rest, kept some here who will be right in a couple of days, could hear our battleships bombarding at Cape Helles and inside Dardenelles, this evening very heavy firing. Off duty 8 p.m. Turned in 9 p.m.

Wednesday 25th August, 1915

Up at 7 a.m. and on duty almost immediately, have had a lot of work lately so O.C. has decided to give us a change and let C Section do our work, which is now over till next attack and we are to have a rest and take in medical cases which are not severe enough to be sent away, we are to look after 15 patients, 5 of us night and day, sounds like a rest. Worked hard all morning, shifted our medical stores. After dinner had to go in to Anzac about 3 miles away for more medical stores, did not get them, got back to our camp about 6.30 p.m. Heard Russians given Germans hiding in Baltic, also Italy declared war on Turkey. Hear heavy firing by our ships in Dardanelles. Off duty and turned in 9 p.m.

Thursday 26th August, 1915

Up at 6 a.m. and on duty at 7 a.m. Have been fortunate with regards to weather so far, had about a dozen spots of rain during night. Have about sixty patients in two large tents, none serious, mostly men needing a rest as they are completely done up. Meal times are the busiest for us and it takes us some time to get the meals over. Fairly quiet all morning, just few shells. Went for swim this afternoon and our camp was inspected by the A.D.M.S at 4 p.m. (our late Colonel). Was getting ready to knock off at 7 p.m. when 50 more patients arrived, had to feed them. Lightning very heavy tonight, looks like a storm. Seems to be a small engagement on tonight, rifles cracking sharply.

Friday 27th August, 1915

Woke up about 6.30 a.m. Had light shower during night but managed to keep dry. On duty 7 a.m.. About 50 patients, things were fairly quiet all morning, went for swim after dinner. At 4 p.m. our ships and batteries started bombarding enemy's trenches, shelling continued till 5 p.m. when Allied troops made a charge and drove the enemy back capturing three lines of trenches, hope they can hold them, during attack Turks

Page 71 bullets all came our way falling in and all round our camp. Captain Kenny of C Section and two of our boys were wounded. Off duty at hospital about at 7 p.m. About this time wounded started to arrive and as we are very short of stretcher bearers another chap (a pal) and myself turned out at 8 p.m. and carried wounded until midnight when the rush was over. Bullets were lobbing all round us while we were carrying.

Saturday 28th August, 1915

Up about 6.30 a.m. and on duty at 7 a.m. Still full up with patients, as fast as any are discharged others come in. Things seem fairly quiet again this morning, now and then a man who was wounded in last night's attack is brought in. This afternoon Turks put about sixty shells , mostly shrapnel, over us, they all burst about 100 yards behind us, good job for us they did not shorten their range a little. Our batteries and ships replied and eventually the enemy's guns ceased firing. Heard one of our batteries put one of enemy's batteries out of action. More patients came in this evening, have had to sleep some in open. Have got about 150 between us (A Section) and B Section, Off duty 7 p.m.

Sunday 29th August, 1915

Up at 6.30 a.m. and on duty 7 a.m. Our batteries have been shelling enemy all night. About 7.30 a.m. enemy aeroplane flew over us and dropped three bombs on other side of hill from us, little while after enemy started shelling, put about sixty shells over us, dropped on flat country just behind our position, trying to get our guns, four 60 pounders are about 800 yards behind us. Enemy's shells did no damage at all. Just before dinner did trip to No. 2 outpost with patient on stretcher as bearers were all out, shrapnel burst all round us as we went, got through, all serene. After dinner went for swim, 6 shrapnel shells burst right over our heads while on way to beach, did not hit any of us. Off duty 7 p.m.

Monday 30th August, 1915

Up at 6.30 a.m. on duty 7 a.m. Beautiful morning but developed into an exceedingly hot day. It is beginning to get a bit cool at nights now. During morning enemy put about 100 shells over us, most of them at our 60 pounders trying to put them out, did not do much damage, only saw a horse killed. We are at foot of hill about mile from beach, land between us and beach is flat, ploughed land. The country seems prettier as we see more of it, wild of course. Had swim this afternoon. This evening Turks put great number of shells on our No. 2 outpost, cruiser answered them with her guns. Could see cruiser bombarding Achi-Baba away down coast, could see shells bursting on top of Achi-Baba. Off duty 7 p.m. Beautiful evening, have about eighty patients today.

Tuesday 31st August, 1915

Page 72 Up at 6.30 a.m. On duty 7 a.m. discharged about 30 patients this morning and took in 20 fresh ones. Enemy plane flew over and dropped bomb about 2 miles from us, saw it burst. Some canteen stores have been brought here for men about £35 worth chocolate, biscuits, smoke, etc. Officers took about half, all of best stuff, and we were told we were compelled to buy equally of remainder. Men objected so little trouble occured. Officers have put back their stuff, except what they have used and left it to men. On account of men's attitude they seem to be going to make it warm for us. One officer our Adjutant was heard to say they could be nasty with us. We have now got to be up at 6 a.m. and on parade at 6.45 a.m. also other irksome duties are to be put on the men. Quiet day, off duty 7 p.m. had swim, been pretty hot. To buy of stores equally will mean about 11/- per man, 5/- of which will be useless to most such as embrokation, piles of soap, also cigarettes will run out to about 27 packets per man, smoker or not. Pretty rough on us.

Wednesday 1st September, 1915

Had to be up at 6 a.m. and on parade at 6.45 a.m. when orders were read out and we were dismissed to our various duties. On duty at hospital at 7 a.m. about 45 patients to look after but not much trouble. Cleared patients into open this morning while we thoroughly aired and disinfected tents. After dinner did some writing and went for swim which had to be short as enemy started putting shells on beach. Put patients back in tent just before tea. After tea the Canteen stores were divided out, the officers having handed what they had taken back again. We all took an equal share, value 9s/10d, pretty good value, easily sold what I did not want at same price as sold to me, to English Tommies. Off duty 7 p.m. lights out 9 p.m.

Thursday 2nd September 1915

Up at 6 a.m. On parade 6.45 a.m. orders read out, also little news, our submarines seem to be giving Turks beans in the sea of Marmora and all round their coast line. Cleared patients out of hospital after breakfast and took down tents to let sun get at the ground, also told we were not allowed to smoke whilst on duty which means from 7 a.m. to 7 p.m. and any other time they like to call us, have not taken any notice of order today as it has not been read out in orders as it should be. These are acts of petty spite on account of our stand against officers over canteen stores. Also bread issue has been stopped since dispute, have to eat biscuits. Put hospital tent up this afternoon and finished work at 7 p.m.

Friday 3rd September, 1915

Up at 6 a.m. on parade at 6.45 a.m. and on duty 7 a.m. About forty patients today. Just one of our ordinary days, hot, plenty of flies and our ordinary routine when there is no attack of importance. Received a letter from England also parcel of writing paper and envelopes, also received news of torpedoing of "Southland" with portion of Australian 6th Brigade on board, she got into Lemnos under own steam, but lost some men, (reported slight loss) evidently through a little panic on board. Among

Page 73 those lost was Brigadier General Linton who died after rescue. Had swim after dinner. Few shells came over but no damage done. Off duty 7 p.m.

Saturday 4th September, 1915

Up 6 a.m. on parade 6.45 a.m. when orders were read out and on duty 7 a.m. About 45 patients today a lot of our fellows are suffering from festering sores on arms and legs, they get very bad, it has earned the name of Barkoo Rot here although I don't know if it is the original disease, certainly they spread and are of a very disagreeable nature to the sufferers. Heard of capture of an Austrian submarine in Suvla bay right opposite our position, one of our boys who was at Embros, saw it towed into harbour there two days ago. He says our ships have captured six of them lately. A cruiser put few shells in Turks trenches this evening. Could see them burst right in trenches. Off duty about 7.30 p.m.

Sunday 5th September, 1915

Up at 6 a.m. on parade at 6.45 a.m. orders read out also little news of war. Nineteen weeks today since the landing here. On duty 7 a.m. about forty-five patients today. Ordinary routine today with the usual amount of shelling both from Turks and by our own guns until 6 p.m. when cruiser, destroyer and two monitors put a number of shells into a Turkish trench on a hill above us and which is quite visible to us, the shells simply blew the trench to pieces, but enemy built it up again during night. Went for swim this afternoon, rather heavy sea but enjoyable weather, very hot. Off duty about 7.30 p.m.

Monday 6th September, 1915

Up at 6 a.m. on parade 6.45 a.m. orders read out also information concerning a local success on knoll 60 on our left. This success won by Connaught Rangers, Australian 4th Infantry Brigade, some New Zealand rifles and I believe 10th Australian Light Horse left knoll 60 in our hands and a complete gain of 400 square acres of new territory. Fairly quiet during morning, few shells rather close about dinner time. Another of our tent division sent away with Pneumonia today making total 8 away and 6 of us left, one of whom is a reinforcement. Captain Dawson has also been transferred to Headquarters as acting D.A.D.M.S. Have started today assisting the dentist Captain Finn who is attached to our corps, still have my other duties to do. Knocked off work about 8 p.m.

Tuesday 7th September, 1915

Up at 6 a.m. on parade 6.45 a.m. orders read out also little news regarding some Russian successes. On duty 7 a.m. About 45 patients today. After getting through their breakfast and going round with doctor Captain Jeffries, I assisted Captain Finn with his dental patients, 8 of them this morning, extractions and temporary fillings, kept me going till dinner time. After dinner fixed up our patients and went for swim,

Page 74 have to cross nearly mile of open country on way to beach and in full view of Turks on hill 971. Sometimes they put shrapnel over if a number of men go over together, it is too far to hit us with rifle bullet unless they are extremely lucky. Enemy aeroplane flew over this evening. Off duty 7.30 p.m.

Wednesday 8th September, 1915

Up at 6 a.m. on parade at 6.45 a.m. orders read out and on duty at hospital at 7 a.m. About 45 patients today. During morning enemy put some big shells over us, some burst within 200 yards of us, went over our heads, they were what we call Jack Johnsons. Shortly after enemy aeroplane flew over but went away again very quickly. Our planes were up during day making observations. Have slight headache today. After dinner did little writing. Cruiser and a howitzer battery close to us put a few shells into enemy's lines this evening, also cruiser a little further down coast and a monitor put some shells on Achi-baba, could see them bursting, must have been shells from their big guns by explosion and smoke. Off duty at 7 p.m. Was assisting dentist this morning.

Thursday 9th September, 1915

Up at 6 a.m. on parade at 6.45 a.m. orders read out and little news. On duty 7 a.m. Shortly after breakfast enemy aeroplane flew over us at a great height and dropped two bombs, one dropped about hundred yards from us and other on flat country between us and sea, neither did any damage. Assisted the dentist for about an hour this morning, took out few teeth. After dinner went for swim then asisted dentist till about 5 p.m. Could see cruiser and observation balloon to south, cruiser evidently shelling Achi-baba or its approaches, could not see shells landing. Things fairly quiet on our front this last few days, just an occasional rally of rifle fire and few shells. Off duty 7 p.m.

Friday 10th September, 1915

Up at 6 a.m. on parade 6.45 a.m. orders read out and roll call, on duty at 7 a.m. Forty-nine patients today, after breakfast assisted dentist for about an hour and helped in hospital till dinner time, after dinner saw to patients then went for swim. Not quite so hot today but flies still troublesome. Assisted dentist again for about half an hour this afternoon. Light shower this evening so made my dugout waterproof in case of rain during night. Off duty 7 p.m. Smart rally of rifle fire about 7.30 p.m. on our left, also our batteries fired a few rounds. I have heard today that orders are out for us to be relieved for a spell at Lemnos.

Saturday 11th September, 1915

Up at 6 a.m. on parade at 6.45 a.m. and on duty at 7 a.m. After breakfast went round with doctor (Captain Welch) he discharged some and sent others to Lemnos, altogether we got rid of 15 patients out of about 48, from 11 a.m. till 12.30 noon I

Page 75 assisted the dentist to do some extractions and temporary fillings after which I had dinner. Has been very quiet this afternoon assisted dentist from 4 p.m. till 5 p.m. then had tea. About 6 p.m. a destroyer came close in and put few shells in enemy's trenches, enemy replied, almost hitting destroyer. Cruiser put few shells in about 7.30 p.m. Has been a windy and dusty day far from pleasant. Is getting cold at nights now. Off duty at 7 p.m.

Sunday 12th September, 1915

20 weeks since landing. Up at 6 a.m. on parade at 6.45 a.m. orders read out to pack up and be ready to move as when final orders come only get 2 hours notice. Think we are going away for rest. On duty 7 a.m. Packing up hospital equipment ready for moving, all day, still have 20 patients so did not take tents down. Not much firing all day until nearly 6 p.m. We had a church service at 6 p.m. I attended, it was conducted by Padre from E. Anglican R.A.M.C, very nice service, all the time an artillery duel was in progress between our ships and batteries and the Turks, we were situated between the two lots of artillery and the shells were crossing over our heads, lasted till about 7 p.m. Enemy's guns did no damage. Was talking to some E. Anglican R.A.M.C men camped next to us, all privates, one was a minister, one from Cambridge University and the other a graduate from Oxford, very decent chaps. Turned in at 9 p.m.

Monday 13th September, 1915

Up at 6 a.m. on parade 6.45 a.m. orders read out viz:- to finish packing, clear up and to stand fast ready to leave any time though it was not expected we would leave till tonight. After breakfast went round with doctor cleared all our patients but four, went on packing up till dinner time. Just before dinner some order came and we were ordered to stand fast for another 48 hours, just after dinner this order was cancelled we did not know what we were to do so went for swim. At tea time no one seemed to know what we were to do so we just stood by, till we were informed not moving tonight so turned in about 8 p.m. Been very quiet day, few shells, nothing to speak of. Rained sharply this morning for an hour but was lovely day afterwards.

Tuesday 14th September, 1915

Up at 6 a.m. on parade 6.45 a.m. No patients today, all cleared out. Took hospital tent down this morning and cleaned up all round. At 2 p.m. we vacated our dugouts and took our equipment down to the track below, so that the 7th Field Ambulance which is relieving us could get into our position during afternoon. Sat down on our kits on track all afternoon, was lovely day and not much firing. At 9 p.m. mule carts came and we loaded our panniers and medical comfort cases and stores and sent them ahead, then shouldered our packs and equipment and set out to Brighton pier at Anzac, through sapps nearly all the way about three miles or little over. Arrived at pier about 11 p.m. and sat down in gully to wait for our boat.

Page 76 Wednesday 15th September, 1915

At 2 a.m. received orders to get aboard a lighter and we were towed out to a transport the Osmanieh which was already full of troops who had been relieved. Eventually got aboard and had to stand in alley-ways between cabins below. Got all our panniers and stores aboard, then managed to curl up and get couple of hours sleep on floor of alley-way. Ship did not get all stores on till 8.20 a.m., when we moved out and arrived at Lemnos about 11.30 a.m. A river steamer the Waterwitch came alongside and took off all troops except those to unload stores. I was left behind to help unload our stores and panniers. Waterwitch alongside again about 8 p.m. when we put all stores aboard her and went alongside wharf.

Thursday 16th September, 1915

Slept on Waterwitch all night uncomfortable on a seat. Up at 5 a.m. and commenced unloading on to wharf. Sent some of our men to canteen ashore to buy something for breakfast, had nothing to eat hardly since leaving peninsular. Finished unloading about 9 a.m. and left guard over stores, then set out for camp about 2 miles inland, about half mile from camp had to cross swamp of nearly half mile, almost up to waist in water in places. Reached camp about 10.30 a.m.. No tents for us yet, rain poured down for an hour about midday, wet everything through, managed to keep my bed dry. Met Stan Cohen of 5th Battalion after dinner, had various fatigue duties to do and then gathered some bracken to sleep on, to keep off wet ground. Turned in at 7 p.m.

Friday 17th September, 1915

Was awake most of night, wind blew a hurricane and as we were lying on flat open country without tents or even shelter from any irregularity of ground, was hard job to keep a blanket round us. Half numbed with cold got out of my blanket about 6.30 a.m., wind still blowing a gale. Had breakfast and set out at 8 a.m. for wharf to act as guard on our stores there until they can be brought up to camp. Reached wharf about 9 a.m. and at 9.30 a.m. 3 carts came, loaded them and sent them to camp. Loaded 6 other wagons at intervals, finished and started back for camp about 3 p.m. Had to cross swamp both ways. Lemnos harbour full of ships of all kinds, the Aquitania, Englands largest liner is in as a hospital ship. Laid my bed out in open and turned in about 7 p.m. absolutely dead beat.

Saturday 18th September, 1915

Slept well all night and woke about 6.30 a.m. First proper nights rest this week. Had breakfast then had to go on wood fatigue, carting wood on stretchers for our cooks, had to go to Army Service for it, about mile away. Also on water fatigue today, have to bring water for cooks, for each meal, from well about mile away. Pleasant day with regards to weather. Our camp is situated in a nice position in a valley surrounded by hills, the land looks fertile and has been cultivated, round us dotted

Page 77 amongst the hills are little villages, very quaint and old fashioned to look at, they are inhabited by Greeks mostly, also windmills are scattered about for grinding the corn they grow. Have not been in a village yet. Saw ship on fire in harbour today.

Sunday 19th September, 1915

Up about 7 a.m. this morning, beautiful day, very hot, still sleeping in open, no tents yet. Put morning in on fatigue work round camp, went for swim just before dinner, wrote couple of short letters after dinner and straightened up round camp. Received some letters just before tea. After tea a couple of us went for walk over the hills, walked for about 3 miles, came to a village and had a look round it. Very old type of village everything of the crudest, the people seem pretty clean and are of a shy nature not at all like the Egyptians, they seem very industrious, some of the children are pretty youngsters, tried to buy some butter but could not get any, returned to camp about 8 p.m. and turned in.

Monday 20th September, 1915

Up about 7 a.m. had breakfast, 2 eggs and bacon, enjoyed it fine. Had to attend the sick parade this morning at 9 a.m. about a dozen men turned up between 9 a.m. and 11 a.m., mostly with the Barkoo sores which I fomented and dressed for them. General leave was granted from 12 noon till 6.30 p.m. so I went for a walk to another village about a mile and half away. A good number of our troops were looking round, everything about the village was quite ancient. Watched an old man a carpenter I suppose making ploughs of the old primitive type. A few shops were selling goods, evidently opened since the troops came here and probably came from Castro the chief town and port of the island and which I believe is only few miles away. Returned to camp for tea and turned in about 7 p.m.

Tuesday 21st September, 1915

Reveille at 6 a.m. this morning and a parade at 7 a.m. with half an hours physical exercise before breakfast. Our boys paraded again at 9.30 a.m. and marched off to be inspected by General Godley who complimented the corps on its work while on the peninsula. I missed this parade as I was on ration fatigue at 10.45 a.m. and had to go with others to draw rations for the corps from Army Service Corps. During afternoon had more fatigue duty getting our camp fixed up. Tried to write a letter but was so windy had to give it up, have not got any tents yet. After tea took a walk to 5th Battalion lines and saw Stan Cohen, sat talking till about 8 o'clock when I went back and turned in.

Wednesday 22nd September, 1915

Page 78 Reveille at 6 a.m. and parade at 7 a.m. Physical exercise till 7.30 a.m. and then breakfast. After breakfast had to go for water for cooks to well nearly mile away, got back and did some pick and shovel work, digging drains and road making till 12 noon. After dinner made another trip for water then settled down and did my best to write a letter, it was awfully windy and very chilly in the open. Had tea at 5 p.m. after which another trip for water, two dixies each time and it is a good carry. Managed to get through with my writing after getting back, then sat talking for an hour or so before turning in. Awfully windy tonight.

Thursday 23rd September, 1915

Reveille at 6 a.m. on parade 7 a.m. physical exercise till 7.30 a.m. then breakfast and a yarn till 10 a.m. when paraded again and were detailed off for more fatigue work. Was on pick and shovel digging large drains round our camp till 12 noon, fairly solid work, then went with party to Headquarters and brought back six bell tents which were erected during the afternoon under difficulties as it was still blowing a gale. Received a parcel today; muffler, mittens, handkerchiefs, etc. Nine of us were allotted to each bell tent during afternoon, glad to get out of wind. Paraded at 6.30 p.m. for roll call, have to do this every night. Had yarn with boys in tent and turned in about 9 p.m.

Friday 24th September, 1915

Reveille at 6 a.m. on parade at 7 a.m. physical exercise till 7.30 a.m. After breakfast was on duty at sick parade at 9 a.m., was busy till about 11 a.m. Received a pipe and tobacco this morning from Lady Hamiltons gifts. After dinner attended sick parade again, plenty of foments to be done, after finishing which I settled down and did some writing till tea time. After tea sick parade again and parade for roll call at 6.30 p.m after which I was finished for day. Weather still keeps windy and fairly chilly, quite warm in our tent at night. We are here ostensibly for a rest but up to present have had fair amount of fatigue work to do, still more to be done. Turned in about 9 p.m.

Saturday 25th September, 1915

Reveille at 6.30 a.m. on parade 7 a.m roll call and physical exercise drill till 7.30 a.m. Had breakfast, 2 eggs and bacon every morning now. At 10 a.m. paraded and put on fatigue work, pick and shovel again digging drains and making roads. Kept at these till 12 noon when dismissed. After dinner started writing and kept at it till tea time. Weather still windy, but moderated slightly. Some of the boys out of our camp went to Thermos about 6 miles away for a bath at the hot springs which are of volcanic origin. Also some went to Castro, hope to go myself when get leave. Two hydroplanes flew over this evening evidently being tested. Paraded at 6.30 p.m. for roll call and turned in about 9 p.m.

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Sunday 26th September, 1915

Reveille at 6.30 a.m. on parade at 7 a.m. roll call and physical drill till 7.30 a.m. On water fatigue today. Have to go three times for water, after breakfast, after dinner and after tea, two dixies each time to be carried almost a mile. All men not on special fatigue at liberty after breakfast till 6.30 p.m. No morning fatigue. Orders out today that Castro is out of bounds and no passes to be issued. Also heard rumour that Greece had declared war on the side of the Allies. Rather suprised no church service provided for. Lay down and read all afternoon and after tea did my last trip for the day for water. Talked together in tent till about 9 p.m when made our beds and turned in.

Monday 27th September, 1915

Reveille at 6 a.m. and parade at 7 a.m. with physical drill till 7.30. Had breakfast, put our beds out to air and paraded at 10 a.m. when we went for a route march under Captain Jeffries (acting Adjutant) Marched to a village and Captain Jeffries dismissed us for twenty minutes while we had a look round. Paraded when time was up and marched back to camp in time for dinner. Had little read this afternoon then had to go with party to headquarters for two hospital tents. This evening our Brigade 4th held a concert in the open and entertained the New Zealand Regiments and some Canadian Hospital staff. General Monash presided and we passed a pleasant evening finishing and turning in at 9.30 p.m.

Tuesday 28th September, 1915

Reveille at 6.30 a.m. and on parade at 7 a.m. with physical drill till 7.30 a.m. Last night General Monash anounced a British victory along 50 miles of the western front, our troops still being very active, also the Russians have stemmed the German tide. At 11 a.m. this morning had to go with party for rations after which I finshed for day. This afternoon Captain Jeffries gave us a "soccer" football which had been sent to him from Egypt so we had a good rough and tumble till tea time. After tea I went to a concert held by the New Zealanders some good items were given also some fine tributes were paid by the officers during their speeches to the men and the British Navy.

Wednesday 29th September, 1915

Reveille at 6.30 a.m. and on parade at 7 a.m. Physical drill till 7.30 a.m. then breakfast. After breakfast four of us had leave for day so set out for Therma for hot bath at the sulpher mineral spring baths. Were talking to two French officers who overtook us on horseback and they asked us to sing Tipperary. Arrived at Therma which is about 6 miles from our camp had our bath and had dinner. Bread, tomatoes and an omelette. Then proceeded on to a large village about 1 1/2 miles away. The male populace are very friendly but the females seem frightened and keep right

Page 80 away from us. Had tea at this village, steak and an omelette, then set out back for camp, arrived about 7 p.m. The country is very wild, almost treeless, magnificent hills with lovely fertile valleys.

Thursday 30th September, 1915

Reveille at 6.30 a.m. and on parade at 7 a.m. Physical drill till 7.30 a.m. then breakfast, had to go for couple of dixies of water as I am on water fatigue today. At 10 a.m. general assemebly for our corps and drill by the O.C. Major Meickle for 15 minutes and 15 minutes by the section officers, ours being Captain Welch. This drill is ceremonial parade drill. Dismissed after this till dinner time. After dinner had to go for two more dixies of water when I was finished till after tea so settled down and did some writing till tea time. After tea did another trip for water and then played football till dark. Made bed and turned in 9.30 p.m.

Friday 1st October, 1915

Reveille at 6.30 a.m. and on parade at 7 a.m. Physical drill till 7.30 a.m. At 10 a.m. paraded and each section was paid, we received one pound each. First general pay since we landed at Gallipoli, dismissed after pay till 11 a.m. when paraded again and went for short route march under Captain Jeffries, arrived back at camp for dinner. During route march had splendid view of Lemnos harbour absolutely full of vessels of all kinds, a wonderful sight. During afternoon did some more writing and a little reading till tea time. After tea played football till 6.30 p.m. when paraded for roll call, dismissed and sat talking in tent till bed time.

Saturday 2nd October, 1915

Reveille at 6.30 a.m. and on parade 7 a.m. Physical drill till 7.30 a.m. Am on ration fatigue today. At 10 a.m. paraded, after roll call all fatigue parties were dismissed to their various duties. At 10.30 a.m. went to Army Service Corps and drew rations which we carried back to camp on stretchers. Just getting same rations as when on peninsular except little more fresh meat. After dinner had to go to Army Service Corps again and bring up firewood on stretchers, after this put rest of afternoon in writing letters. Had tea then an hour kicking the football about. Parade and roll call at 6.30 p.m. and into bed about 8.30 p.m.

Sunday 3rd October, 1915

Reveille at 6.30 a.m. and parade at 7 a.m. Physical drill till 7.30 a.m. then breakfast. After breakfast at liberty for day unless anything occurs. 23rd Sunday since landing at Gallipoli and 41 weeks since leaving Melbourne. Spent the morning writing letters also was writing all afternoon. Things are very deadly here, the weather is beautiful but nowhere to go and nothing to do, no news very little to read. Will be glad to get to the front again. Have not got any reinforcements yet so our corps is still very

Page 81 small only 14 privates in our section and when fatigue parties are taken out I have seen only 5 privates on parade. Parade 6.30, turned in early.

Monday 4th October, 1915

Reveille at 6.30 a.m. and on parade 7 a.m., instead of physical drill before breakfast, tidied up and made camp clean and respectable as expecting inspection by a French surgeon General. Had breakfast and paraded ready for inspection at 10 a.m., were dismissed shortly afterwards as General did not put in an appearance. About 11 a.m. had to do a bit of carpentering for the bettering of camp, kept me going till dinner time. Mail came in about dinner time and I received 9 letters. Hooray! After tea we had a practice at Rugby football, 3 of our Captains and a Major joined in, enjoyed it, pretty rough and weather rather warm. Paraded at 6.30 p.m. Turned in about 8.30 p.m.

Tuesday 5th October, 1915

Reveille at 6.30 a.m. on parade 7 a.m. Physical drill till 7.30 a.m. then breakfast. Am on water fatigue, 3 trips to do today. Have received cricket set and some quoits so after breakfast cleared a patch and made a fairly good cricket pitch also a quoit pitch. Kept us going till dinner time. After dinner went for water then went to football ground where we had a practice game of rugby, played a scratch team of New Zealanders and Maoris. Had energetic game and managed a draw. Major Clayton, Captains Jeffries, Welch and Furber of our corps played for us. Hear British are doing well in France. S.S. Olympic in harbour here, 7000 troops aboard, also other large transports. Parade and roll call 6.30 p.m. Turned in 7.30 p.m.

Wednesday 6th October, 1915

Reveille 6.30 a.m. parade 7 a.m. Physical drill till 7.30 a.m. About 7.45 a.m. saw one of our airships, a Parseval airship after style of Zeppelin, passed over the island. At 10 a.m. we paraded and marched off, joined our Brigade and the New Zealand Regiments of our division and the whole division was inspected by Major General Godley who is in charge of it. After dinner, our (A) section played B section of our corps at cricket and defeated them. I was not playing but was a barracker. Also did some writing during afternoon. After tea formed a male voice choir and had a practice. Paraded at 6.30 p.m. for roll call then dismissed. Weather lovely. Turned in 9 p.m.

Thursday 7th October, 1915

Reveille 6.30 a.m. parade 7 a.m. Physical drill till 7.30 a.m. At 10 a.m. paraded, had half an hours drill as for a ceremonial parade, then went for short route march under Captain Welch, arrived back at dinner time. Notices have been read out about some

Page 82 of troops committing sacrilege in churches and offenders if caught will suffer severely. This afternoon our section played C section at cricket and defeated them, was not playing, did some more writing. After tea kicked the football about for an hour, paraded for roll call 6.30 p.m. At 7 p.m. had a choral practice till 8 p.m. Been beautiful day, had yarn and went sleep 9 p.m.

Friday 8th October, 1915

Reveille 6.30 a.m. parade at 7 a.m. Physical drill till 7.30 a.m. Parade at 10 a.m. and general fatigue work till dinner time. Striking some tents and putting others up in their places, bell tents and hospital tents, were kept going hard till 12.30 midday. After dinner were paraded again at 2 p.m. and more fatigue work, some very solid work making roads and drainage trenches, getting plenty of pick and shovel work. Worked hard until 5 p.m. then knocked off for tea. Paraded for roll call at 6.30 p.m. About 7 p.m. a storm broke over the island, thunder, lightning, wind and torrents of rain, was still going when I went to sleep 9 p.m. Three of our bell tents were blown down, occupants got ducking.

Saturday 9th October, 1915

Reveille 6.30 a.m. parade at 7 a.m. with physical drill till 7.30 a.m. On ration fatigue today. Paraded for roll call at 10 a.m. and then was dismissed. At 11 a.m. went with ration fatigue party to Army Service Corps and drew rations for our corps carrying them back on stretchers. Our bread and eggs issue have been stopped this last four or five days. Just having ordinary rations as on peninsula. This afternoon our corps played New Zealand Medical Corps at cricket, our side made 108 first innings N.Z.M.C made 21 and 37 respectively in two innings, so we had a comfortable win. Did some writing this afternoon. Major Clayton and Captain Jeffries went to Alexandria today on leave. Parade and roll call at 6.30 p.m. Had yarn with S. Cohen this evening, turned in 9.30 p.m.

Sunday 10th October, 1915

24th week since Gallipoli landing.

Reveille at 6.30 a.m. Had to go on duty at hospital at 7 a.m. 15th Battalion sick parade at 7.15 a.m. foments and dressing to be done. Hurried breakfast and then patients breakfast after which Captain Finn went round patients, about 20 of them, sent worst cases to No. 3 General Hospital. At 9 a.m. 13th, 14th and 16th Battalions sick parades, admitted some to hospital, more dressings and foments, kept going till 11 a.m. then cleared hospital out, disinfected it and generally cleaned it up, took us till dinner time. At 2 p.m. finished at hospital for day so settled down and finished my writing for tomorrow's mail. Parade and roll call at 6.30 p.m. Turned in about 9 p.m.

Monday 11th October, 1915

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Reveille at 6.30 a.m. shaved and on duty at hospital at 7 a.m. Went through with 15th Battalion sick parade before breakfast, fixed up all their foments and dressings. After breakfast had other sick parades at 9 a.m. very busy with foments and dressings until 11 a.m. when tidied up hospital tents before dinner. After dinner cleared up and finished my shift at 2 p.m. Went to village close by this afternoon to try and buy bread, have not had any issued for few days and biscuits are pretty hard, could not get any bread, had to have biscuits for tea. Parade and roll call at 6.30 p.m. Choir practice at 7 p.m. and into bed about 8.30 p.m.

Tuesday 12th October, 1915

42 weeks since leaving Melbourne. Reveille at 6.30 a.m. and on duty at hospital at 7 a.m. Sick parade and dressings before breakfast. At 9 p.m. further sick parades and dressings, foments, etc., kept very busy until after 11 a.m., fairly large number of sick today, most of them have large sores like barkoo rot on limbs and body, some of them are in a very bad state, not having been attended to early enough. Clear up in hospital tents then dinner for patients and ourselves, finished duty at 2 p.m. Spent this afternoon reading until tea time, been very nice day. Fell in on parade for roll call at 6.30 p.m. had choir practice at 7 p.m.

Wednesday 13th October, 1915

Reveille at 6.30 a.m. on duty in hospital at 7 a.m. Sick parade, foments and dressing before breakfast. At 9 a.m. further sick parades and dressings, kept going till 11.30 a.m. after which we had a spell till dinner time. At 12.30 midday gave patients dinner then cleared up finishing my shift at 2 p.m. After being relieved settled down and wrote three letters before tea. Our corps played 1st Australian Field Ambulance cricket this afternoon, our side was defeated by 18 runs, scores being 111 and 129. Rather windy today and quite chilly. Had tea and paraded at 6.30 p.m. for roll call. Sat in our tent all evening yarning and turned in about 8.30 p.m.

Thursday 14th October, 1915

Reveille at 6.30 a.m. and on duty at 7 a.m. at hospital. Sick parade, foments, dressings, etc. kept us busy till 8.30 a.m. Breakfast for ourselves and patients and more sick parades at 9 a.m. Lot of men from our brigade on sick parade today, kept going two of us till 11.30 a.m. with dressing etc. Patients dinner at 12.30 noon then cleared and tidied the hospital tents and finished shift at 2 p.m. During afternoon wrote a few postcards then had a bit of a game at cricket with some of our boys, ground very rough so gave up after getting couple of good cracks on arms. Parade and roll call at 6.30 p.m. Choir practice at 7 p.m. Turned in 8 p.m.

Friday 15th October, 1915

Page 84 Reveille at 6.30 a.m. and on duty at hospital at 7 a.m. Sick parade, dressings etc. till about 8.30 a.m. then breakfast for patients and ourselves at 9 a.m. more sick parades kept busy till 11.30 a.m. Have at least 40 to 50 dressings of different kinds, mostly hot foments, some inhallations, rubbings for cramp, rheumatism etc. have not a minute to spare before dinner. At 12.30 noon patients dinner after which we got all cleared up for 2 p.m. when we finished duty for the day unless called out. Lay in the tent all afternoon, felt very dull today, things are so dead here. Had tea and paraded for roll call at 6.30 p.m. Turned in for night at 7.30 p.m.

Saturday 16th October, 1915

Reveille at 6.30 a.m. on duty at hospital at 7 a.m. Sick parade, dressing, etc. till about 8.30 a.m. after which breakfast for both patients and ourselves was on. Only keeping about 10 patients in hospital, but have any amount of out patients who come up for foments and dressings three times daily, also some who come up for diet. After breakfast more sick parades, dressings, etc. till about 11.30 a.m. then got cleared up by dinner time. Off duty at 2 p.m. Was writing all afternoon up till tea time. Our cricket team played 16th Battalion this afternoon and after a good game our corps won by about 40 runs. Paraded for roll call at 6 p.m. Turned in early, have headache.

Sunday 17th October, 1915

Reveille at 6.30 a.m. Our week of hospital duty is over, so on parade at 7 a.m. with physical drill till 7.30 a.m. Do not feel too well today, have had bad headache for 3 days. At 9.30 a.m. paraded and were marched off to church parade, first since we have been here, such a crowd of soldiers I did not even see the chaplain never mind hear him. Were dismissed about 10.30 a.m. Wrote a letter this afternoon then lay down and kept quiet till tea time. Has been showery all day and very cold, weather is turning cold now, the wind being particularly sharp. Had a few biscuits for tea and paraded for roll call at 6 p.m. Turned in 7.30 p.m. Keeping good hours.

Monday 18th October, 1915

Reveille at 6.30 a.m. on parade at 7 a.m. Feel alright again today. Saw Captain Finn and got note to see dentist as I want one or two teeth filling, not troubling me but are chipped. After breakfast set out for No. 3 General Hospital to see dentist, great crowd waiting to see him or them. Waited about 2 hours and then succeeded in getting an appointment for Monday next at 2.15 p.m. Left No. 3 General Hospital and went with a pal to see a friend of his who is sick in No. 2 Stationary Hospital. Stayed talking to him till 12 midday, the hospital he was in was splendid and clean and patients all looked contented. Spoke to sister in charge of ward, practically first

Page 85 woman spoke to since leaving Melbourne 10 months. Reading all afternoon. Paraded for roll call at 6 p.m. went to bed 8 p.m.

Tuesday 19th October, 1915

Reveille at 6.30 a.m. on parade 7 a.m. Physical drill till 7.30 Breakfast at 8 a.m. Am on water fatigue today so immediately after breakfast went down to the well and filled my two dixies. Were issued with new puttees this morning for the winter. After dinner did another trip for water then went for walk to the recreation ground where the sailors off the warships play football. I had a game with some of our troops against some sailors off one of the destroyers and we lost by two goals to one. After tea had to go to well again for water. Paraded for roll call at 6 p.m. Choral practice at 7 p.m. in bed at 8.30 p.m.

Wednesday 20th October, 1915

Was up at 6.15 this morning and at 6.30 a.m. set off with four other to train for relay race in some sports coming off on Saturday. Got back for breakfast and at 10 a.m. paraded and drilled solidly till 11.30 a.m. when dismissed and were all issued with a new pair of riding breeches which I badly needed. At 1 p.m. had a final choral practice till 2 p.m. Did a little writing this afternoon. Paraded for roll call at 6 p.m. A concert was held at 7 p.m. at the Y.M.C.A. organized by our corps. It was a great success, hundreds sitting on grass outside tent, the sides being taken down. About 3000 were present including a number of officers and our Brigade Major Lieutenant Colonel McGlynn. Our choral party gave four items. Concluded about 9.30 p.m.

Thursday 21st October, 1915

Up at 6.15 a.m. turned out 6.30 a.m. had a brisk walk and a short sprint, training for relay race on Saturday, back at camp at 7.30 a.m. On ration fatigue today. At 10.45 a.m. our party went to Army Service Corps, drew rations and back for dinner. After dinner had an hours choral practice, then read and played draughts till tea time. After tea went down to the well and did a little washing, arrived back for parade and roll call at 6 p.m., been very windy today and very cold, have got a pretty bad cold and do not feel quite up to mark. The cold these last few days has laid up a few of our fellows. Choral practice at 7 p.m. Turned in 8 p.m.

Friday 22nd October, 1915

Very wild and stormy night, wind howling and shrieking, threatening to bring the tent down all night. Reveille at 6.30 a.m. and on parade at 7 a.m. Physical drill till 7.30 a.m. Wind still blowing strong and very cold, threatening rain. At 10 a.m. paraded and were drilled, going through various movements till 11 a.m. when we started doing stretcher drill and kept going till 11.45 a.m. Started raining about 11 a.m. and kept up in showers the whole day, bitter cold. At 1.30 p.m. had choral practice till 2.15 p.m. Spent the rest of afternoon writing. At 6 p.m. we paraded for roll call and

Page 86 at 6.30 p.m. we had a choir practice. One of the boys out of our tent took sick a few days ago, has got enteric. Another one took sick tonight, don't know what is wrong with him yet.

Saturday 23rd October, 1915

Terribly stormy all night, raining and blowing, had to fix the tent up couple of times during night to keep it from blowing down. Reveille at 6.30 a.m. on parade 7 a.m. Physical drill till 7.30 a.m. Not feeling too well today, have been a bit off colour for a week, have got a cold. Am on water fatigue today, went for water for cooks after breakfast and just before dinner was issued with new pair of boots, pair of socks and cholera belt. After dinner went for water again, then kept warm and spent the rest of afternoon writing. After tea went for more water. 4th Brigade sports today, should have run but not well enough. Parade and roll call 6 p.m. Turned in about 7.30 p.m. No rain today but very cold and windy.

Sunday 24th October, 1915

Reveille at 6.30 a.m. on parade 7 a.m. Physical drill till 7.30 a.m. Showery this morning, wind blowing strong and very cold all day, at 10.30 a.m. received orders to fall in on parade ground for compulsory church parade, marched off and joined the battallions of our 4th infantry brigade and instead of church parade it proved to be an inspection by General Godley, commander of our division, he made a speech, said we had done well but not done enough and that the war was going to last another three years, at which the troops all laughed. Some 750 reinforcements arrived late last night were present. Spent the afternoon writing. Another of our tent mates taken away today with pleurisy. On parade and roll call at 6.30 p.m. in bed 7.30 p.m.

Monday 25th October, 1915

Reveille at 6.30 a.m. on parade 7 a.m. physical drill till 7.30 a.m. A beautiful day today, sun shining and quite warm. On parade at 10 a.m. and had solid drill, the new infantry drill platoons, etc. till 12 noon. Captain Furber was drilling us. After dinner set out to keep my appointment with dentist at No. 3 General Hospital at 2.15 p.m. where I had three teeth filled. Afterwards looked round for my cousin J. Rick 5th Manchester Regiment who had undergone an operation for varicocele in No. 3 General Hospital. After a lot of searching I found him in the Lowlands Comvalesence Camp, almost right again. Arrived back at camp for tea. Parade and roll call at 6 p.m. Choir practice at 6.30 and in bed at 8.30 p.m.

Tuesday 26th October, 1915

Reveille at 6.30 a.m. on parade at 7 a.m. Physical drill till 7.30 a.m. Fairly cold again this morning, dull and heavy sky. Am on ration fatigue today. Paraded at 10 a.m. and fell out from drill to perform my duties. At 11 a.m. went with rest of fatigue party to Army Service and drew rations before dinner. Was to have played 13th

Page 87 Battalion at soccer this afternoon, match fell through so we played a team of navy men off one of our battleships, just come from China, made a draw no goals being scored. After tea paraded for roll call at 6 p.m. and turned in 6.30 p.m. Not feeling too well, am a bit run down. Very windy day again today.

Wednesday 27th October, 1915

Reveille at 6.30 a.m. and on parade 7 a.m. Fell out after roll call and went on sick parade for the first time since joining the forces. Not feeling really sick but have got a bit of a rash and am chafed which makes it rather painful to march. Captain Furber examined me and put me off duty, to give me chance to pick up. Bathed and dressed my soreness with ointment. During morning our boys were inspected by C.C. Munroe who has taken over command of Mediterranean Forces from Vice General Sir Ian Hamilton. After dinner settled down to write till tea time, have kept fairly quiet all day. Parade and roll call at 6 p.m. turned in about 7.30 p.m.

Thursday 28th October, 1915

Had a restless night, the rash I have got being very painful. Was glad when reveille went at 6.30 a.m. and parade at 7 a.m. Fell out after roll call and went on sick parade again as am unable to drill and so was put off duty. Took things easy all day, did some writing till dinner time. After dinner orders issued to embark on Saturday unless anything occurs in meantime so packed my kit and did some more writing as mail goes today and we might miss Sunday's mail. More clothing issued today for the winter. Same daily routine for our corps. About 8 p.m. Acting Lieutenant Cosgrove arrived back from Alexandria and brought about 40 reinforcements and details for us.

Friday 29th October, 1915

Had very bad night, up nearly all the time, could not sleep or rest at all. Reveille at 6.30 a.m. parade at 7 a.m. Fell out after roll call and went on sick parade. Captain Furber wanted to send me to General Hospital but persuaded him to give me another day to see if I could improve. Altered my treatment from Mecurial ointment to Lead lotion which I applied about 10 a.m. and got almost instant relief. Could feel myself improving all day and am greatly pleased, all the same took things easy. After dinner went down to well and did some more washing in case we leave tomorrow, but don't think we will. Routine just as usual today. Feeling splendid tonight. Turned in 8 p.m.

Saturday 30th October, 1915

Had splendid night's rest. Reveille at 6.30 a.m. on parade 7 a.m. Fell out after roll call went on sick parade. Great improvement in my condition this morning. Not

Page 88 leaving today. About 10 a.m. told to expect to embark tomorrow, can't be sure as things are a bit upset by various things, viz:- 4th Brigade reinforcements isolated for mumps, measles. 2nd Brigade isolated, Diptheria broken out pretty strong also Enteric and Mediterranean Fevers are fairly prevalent, also other illnesses. After dinner got orders to pack up and march to wharf at 5.30 p.m. Loaded panniers, camp stores, etc. on G.S. Wagons during afternoon and our men marched out of camp about 6.30 p.m. I stayed behind and acted as brakesman on G.S. Wagon. Arrived at wharf and unloaded wagons on jetty.

Sunday 31st October, 1915

Bivouaked round jetty last night. Two of us squeezed in a small wooden hut about 4 feet square. Up about 5 a.m. had some bully beef and biscuits for breakfast and then loaded our stores on barges. Left jetty about 11 a.m. and went on board the fleet sweeper Newmarket. Just a small boat, little larger than trawler, about 600 troops aboard so not much room. Before leaving harbour saw the destroyer Wear collide with a barge, destroyers bows bent a little. Left our anchorage about 4 p.m., while moving out we collided with barge putting a big dent in her side. Our boat mounts 2-12 pounder guns manned by naval men, sharp lookout kept for submarines. Not room to lie down so crowded, cold windy night, just had to make best of it. Nearing Cape Gaba-Tepe almost ran down trawler, so near could have stepped aboard her. Dropped anchor off Anzac about 11 p.m. We were in dead darkness, all lights being out.

Monday 1st November, 1915

Could not land during night as sea too rough so about 6 a.m. heaved up anchor and steamed into harbour at Embros, three large monitors were here each mounting two 14" guns, the Havelock, Abercrombie and Raglan, also three or four smaller monitors. Some supply ships, destroyers and half a dozen battleships among them the Swiftsure, sister ship to the Triumph, were the ships in harbour. Remained at anchor till 5 p.m. when we ran close in and disembarked, thought to be too rough to land at Anzac tonight. Had been ashore half an hour when received orders to go back on board Newmarket, did so and steamed across to Anzac and after some trouble and knocking about were landed at jetty by Walkers Ridge at 11.30 p.m. Sat down on beach to await orders.

Tuesday 2nd November, 1915

About 4 a.m. received orders to move from beach to a gully close to Waldon Grove which we reached at 5 a.m. Close to the position we left when we went to Lemnos for our rest. Lay down just as I was utterly done up and slept till about 7 a.m. when I was woke and had to go with others to the beach to unload our stores from barges. Worked hard all day just like a wharf labourer till 4.30 p.m. It has been a hot day, strong wind blowing making it most uncomfortable. Tired out, dirty and hungry, we arrived back in our camp about 5.30 p.m. Have not had a meal since Saturday, just

Page 89 a bit of bully beef and biscuit when could snatch a minute or two. Not had a wash or shave since Saturday and so utterly exhausted, undressed and turned in about 6.30 p.m. Not needing rocking.

Wednesday 3rd November, 1915

Woke about 7 a.m. this morning. Cruiser putting few shells in to enemy being the cause of my waking, got dressed and went about a mile and a half for a wash and to fill my water bottle. Arrived back, made some tea and had breakfast, have to cook for ourselves at present until settled. After breakfast were told not to leave camp as might have to move any time, so lay down and rested. Our artillery is fairly active today, also the Turks keep putting one or two over. At 2 p.m. orders read out the B section move off at 8 a.m. in the morning, A and C sections wait for further orders. Seven reinforcements arrived for us today. Nothing further of note, been very fine day, turned in about 6.30 p.m.

Thursday 4th November, 1915

Up about 6.30 a.m. and went down to well for wash and water for breakfast. Wind has risen during night and dust is blowing in clouds. After breakfast some mail was brought up and I received several letters and a parcel, first letters from home for nearly a month. At 8 a.m. B section moved off to form an advanced dressing station. Nothing much doing during day, little fatigue work, cleaning camp, etc. Went to No. 2 outpost to see if any more mail this afternoon, was none, came on raining about 3.30 p.m. so shifted our kits to another dugout and made it rainproof, wind blowing very strong. Sharp rally of rifle fire and bombs with an occasional shell from our destroyers at 6.30 p.m. was in bed at the time.

Friday 5th November, 1915

Up about 6 a.m. went down to well for wash then had breakfast. After breakfast helped to clean up camp and about 10 a.m. went round to Waldon Grove along with a fatigue party to get ready to take up position there. Went back for dinner and at 1.30 p.m. took our kits round to Waldon Grove and took over from 7th Field Ambulance. We had 12 men in hospital. This is the same position we left when we went to Lemnos for a rest. Enemy shelled over us during afternoon, some shells falling very near us, only 10 and 20 yards away. Was working till 7 p.m. when I got a dugout partly made and turned in about 8 p.m.

Saturday 6th November, 1915

Up at 6 a.m. and on duty at 7 a.m. Sick parades etc. kept us going all morning. Our bearers got us two large hospital tents up during morning and we moved our patients into them shortly after dinner. Believe we are going to act partly as a stationary hospital as well as a Field Ambulance. Working hard all day getting hospital fixed up properly and panniers and medical stores unpacked. Twenty seven patients in

Page 90 today. Saw one of our aeroplanes up, something evidently went wrong as it came down very quickly and alighted in the sea close to Cape Suvla, picket boats got to it at once. Off duty about 8 p.m. Turned in about 8.30 p.m.

Sunday 7th November, 1915

Up at 6 a.m. and on duty at 7 a.m. Breakfast for patients, sick parades and cleaning and tidying hospital, went the rounds with Captain Welch, about forty patients today. Very busy all morning, sick coming in continuously and one man shot through the thigh. Not quite so busy after dinner. Enemy shelled over our way again today but destroyers and a cruiser soon silenced their guns. Admitted few more patients, our tents almost full up now. Could hear a sharp rally of rifle fire again this evening. Gave patients tea about 5 p.m. and fixed them up for night, going off duty at 7 p.m. turning in shortly afterwards.

Monday 8th November, 1915

Up at 6.30 a.m. on duty at 7 a.m. Patients breakfast about 7.30 a.m., tidy up ready to go round with doctor about 9 a.m. After this sick parades, foments, dressings and giving out medicines keeps us going till dinner time about 12 noon. Dinner over and cleaned up by about 1 p.m. then foments, dressings, medicines, etc. after which we are not quite so busy till tea time about 5 p.m. Tea over and cleaned up by about 6 p.m. after which we give out medicines and make patients comfortable for the night finishing duty at 7 p.m. when night shift takes over. The weather still continues to be splendid. Turned in about 8.30 p.m.

Tuesday 9th November, 1915

Up at 6.30 a.m. and on duty at 7 a.m. The same routine with regards to hospital admittances and discharges. Our tents full and four more hospital tents been put up this morning. Enemy put few shells over, our battery soon quietened them. A battery of our 5" howitzers are not a 100 yards from us and do some good work. A bullet went through hospital tent during night, passed through sleeve of a patient, just grazing the skin and drawing blood. Major Clayton and Captain Jeffries arrived back from Alexandria. Very nice day but gets dark early in the evening, about 5.30 p.m. Very busy all day. Off duty at 7 p.m. and turned in 8.30 p.m.

Wednesday 10th November, 1915

A small sortie was attempted by a few men from 16th Batt. during the night, have one man wounded. Was up at 6.30 a.m. and on duty at 7 a.m. Hospital was full up about 50 patients, all inclined to get worse or to be serious we send away. Got breakfast, cleaned up, went rounds with Major Clayton and went through sick parade, foments, dressings, etc. keeping us busy till dinner time. Cleaned up after

Page 91 dinner and then wrote some letters. Turks heavily shelled our Divisional Headquarters during afternoon, situated at No. 2 Outpost, we had a few casualties. Finished my writing after knocking off duty at 7 p.m. and went to sleep about 9 p.m.

Thursday 11th November, 1915

Up at 6.30 a.m. and on duty at 7 a.m. Patients breakfast at 8 a.m. got breakfast of and then thoroughly turned hospital tent out and cleaned it, before 10 a.m. when Major Clayton did his rounds. Sick parade followed by foments, dressings, etc. keeping us flying round till dinner time. Cleaned up after dinner then had it fairly quiet till tea time. During morning Turks shelled No. 2 outpost again, few more casualties, we are situated further on than the outpost, shells passing over us. Posted my letters as mail leaves today for Australia, supposed to be Christmas mail. Off duty 7 p.m. Turned in 8 p.m.

Friday 12th November, 1915

Rained a little during night and as I did not wake I got a little wet. Was up at 6.30 a.m. and on duty at 7 a.m. Got breakfast, washed up, then turned hospital out and thoroughly cleaned it. About 9.30 a.m. went round with Major Clayton and the corporal, could not send any to Casualty Clearing Hospital as they are moving, were blown out of their position yesterday by the Turks, high explosive shells. Very busy till dinner time dressings, foments, medicines etc. Washed and cleaned up after dinner and then things were a bit quieter, about 4.30 p.m. Turks guns and our own started firing fairly vigorously. Off duty 7 pm. Turned in 8 p.m.

Saturday 13th November, 1915

Up at 6.30 a.m. and on duty at 7 a.m. Breakfast, washed up and cleaned hospital right through. Went round with Major Clayton and the Corporal, one or two discharged well again and some sent to Casualty Clearing station to be sent to base. Sick parade followed with a number of admittances and numerous foments, dressings etc. About 80 on sick parade this morning, kept very busy till we got dinner over, then gave medicines out did foments and dressings took temperatures till tea time. Few shells fired today by both sides but nothing of consequence. Been fine day, off duty at 7.30 p.m. and turned in 8.30 p.m.

Sunday 14th November, 1915

Up at 6.30 a.m. had breakfast and on duty at 7.30 a.m. 29th week since the landing at Gaba-Tepe. Breakfast for patients and cleaned out thoroughly. Sunday is just as other days with us here. Went round hospital with Major Clayton and Corporal tents quite full up about 48 patients, but they take some feeding and looking after. Sick parade and dressings medicine etc. filled up the morning till dinner time. Have not a second to spare during mornings. After dinner a little slack so did some writing and

Page 92 improved my dugout a little till tea time. Been fairly nice day. Few shells exchanged. Off duty 7.30 p.m. Turned in 8 p.m.

Monday 15th November, 1915

Up at 6.30 a.m. had my breakfast and on duty at 7.30 a.m. Got patients breakfast and washed up cleaned hospital out then went through sick parade with Captain Furber our acting Adjutant. About 30 on sick parade, some admitted to hospital and some sent to base, others just treated and sent back to lines. Dressings etc. kept us busy till dinner time. One of tent division has fallen sick with jaundice. Very windy day all afternoon. Heavy bombardment of our ships down Achi-Baba way, also, about 5 p.m., our batteries and ships round our way bombarded enemy a little to our left known as hill 60. Off duty at 7.30 p.m. and turned in 9 p.m.

Tuesday 16th November, 1915

Very wild and windy night. Heavy thunderstorm and vivid lightning but my dugout stood it well and I slept well and was up at 6.30 a.m. and on duty at 7.30 a.m. Breakfast and cleaned up hospital then did sick parade with Captain Welch, afterwards medicines , dressings etc. till dinner time. One of our brigade came in wounded, told us they sapped under Turkish trench on knoll 60, placed a charge of explosives and blew it up, taking possession of the remains without any loss at all last night. Wrote some letters during the afternoon, also received a letter from D.H. this morning. After tea did some more writing. Has been a lovely day since daybreak. Turned in 8 p.m.

Wednesday 17th November, 1915

Up at 6.30 a.m. and on duty at 7.30 a.m. Breakfast for patients then cleaned thoroughly out. Went through sick parade with Captain Furber, then medicines dressings etc. till dinner time. During morning enemy shelled over our way pretty consistently, a huge lump of a 6 inch shell passed through our hospital tent tearing gaping holes and missing a patient by about a foot, we kept the piece of shell in hospital as a memento, it weighs about 12lbs, just a big jagged piece of the shell case. Fairly quiet during afternoon, wind rising very strong, dust being so bad hardly see, like a fog. Commenced rain about 7 p.m. Off duty at 7.30 p.m. in bed 9 p.m.

Thursday 18th November, 1915

Terrible night last night, did not undress, rained in torrents and wind most violent, threatening to carry the coverings off our dugouts. Rain drove into my dugout to some extent so laid my oil sheet, put on my greatcoat, rolled up in my blanket and putting on oil sheet over all went to sleep. Woke at 6.30 a.m. very cold morning but fine. On duty at 7.30 a.m. Breakfast, cleaned hospital and did sick parade with Captain Welch, dressing etc. till dinner time. Turks put few shells over again this morning, few shrapnel bullets came

Page 93 through our hospital tent, no one hit. 14 shrapnel bullets went through one bell tent alongside our hospital, fortunately no one inside although our fellows working all round, quiet this afternoon. Finished duty and turned in about 8 p.m.

Friday 19th November, 1915

Very cold night again, woke at 6.30 a.m. and on duty at 7.30 a.m. Breakfast for patients and cleaned up. Went through sick parade with Captain Furber, then medicines, dressings, etc. kept us busy till dinner time. Not quite so busy during afternoon. Enemy shelled our lines fairly heavily this afternoon also could see enemy's shells bursting on our trenches on Suvla Hills. Our ships and batteries silenced them then shelled their trenches heavily. Received news today of good work of Allies on all fronts, seem to be gradually breaking the Germans. Enemy aeroplane dropped couple of bombs near us this evening. Off duty 7.30 p.m. turned in 8.30 p.m. Fine day.

Saturday 20th November, 1915

Up at 6.30 a.m. and on duty at 7.30 a.m. Weather has got very cold at nights and in the mornings. Did sick parade with Captain Welch, medicines and dressing occupying rest of morning, not so much to do during afternoon so read account of murder of Nurse E. Cavell by the Germans, would like to have hold of a few of them. Our ships did some fine shooting yesterday, their target being a flour mill about 11 miles inland, scored direct hits at once and soon demolished it. This afternoon our ships and batteries firing heavily again, don't know yet what target is. Enemy aeroplane flew over this evening. Off duty at 7.30 p.m. turned in 8.30 p.m.

Sunday 21st November, 1915

Up at 6 a.m. and on duty at 7.30 a.m. Has been bitter cold all day. Breakfast for patients and cleaning up, then did sick parade with Captain Furber, afterwards medicines, dressings, fixing up newly admitted patients and discharges for those who are quite well again kept us very busy till dinner time. Not so busy after dinner from about 2.15 p.m. till 4 p.m. but from 4 p.m. to 6 p.m. when tea is over we are very busy and have plenty to keep us buzzing till 7.30 p.m. when we are relieved by the night shift. Few exchanges of shells by our ship's batteries and enemy's batteries and a sharp rally of rifle firing this evening, don't know what was doing. Turned in at 8 p.m.

Monday 22nd November, 1915

Up at 6.30 a.m. and on duty at 7.30 a.m. Very cold again all day today. Did sick parade with Captain Welch and usual busy morning till dinner time. This morning we had a gas alarm and all had to fall in with our gas helmets on just for practice, have to carry them with us always as enemy is expected to use gas. Had welcome change for dinner little fried steak and spoonful of boiled cabbage. Not much doing

Page 94 in hospital this afternoon so had a read, our batteries and warships doing good deal of firing enemy replying very weakly. Off duty at 7.30 p.m. and turned in 8 p.m. Usually after turning in I read for an hour, have made a small kerosene lamp.

Tuedsay 23rd November, 1915

Was up at 6.30 a.m. and on duty at 7.30 a.m. Very cold again today. Did sick parade with Captain Furber, about 20 men being on sick parade. Were a bit late and had to bustle in style as Captain Furber insisted on us leaving our work and falling in on parade at 9 a.m. and having half an hours marching and doubling up and down the track, seems ridiculous as shell might come anytime and in our close formation would pretty near wipe the lot of us out, it is very dangerous. Just managed to get mornings work done by dinner time. Very quiet after dinner, few shells exchanged and at 7.30 p.m. off duty and in bed 8 p.m.

Wednesday 24th November, 1915

Our ships heavily bombarding down Achi-Baba way all night. Up at 6.30 a.m. and on duty at 7.30 a.m. Not so cold today but still slightly chilly. Fell in on parade and had half hours marching at 9 a.m. then did sick parade which was a large one with Captain Welch. Took us till 11.45 a.m. to get through it going our hardest, lot of jaundice going about. This afternoon and evening was writing in my spare time. Enemy shelled our lines fairly heavily, our ships and batteries replied and enemy shut up. Our ships bombarding down south again this evening. Sharp rifle fire on our left for about 1/2 hour. Off duty at 7.30 p.m. turned in 8 p.m.

Thursday 25th November, 1915

Up at 6.30 a.m. and on duty at 7.30 a.m. Very cold and chilly again today. Breakfast for patients then had to fall in on parade at 9 a.m. and had marching and doubling up the track till 9.45 a.m. Had then to clean up and get ready for the doctor very much behind, all bustle and hurry. Did sick parade with Captain Furber, kept me busy till dinner time. Not much to do this afternoon, few odd jobs in hospital. Have heard today that our batteries and men in trenches have received orders not to fire for 48 hours unless specially ordered, don't know what is doing, few shells from Turks but no reply from us, seems like some game on. Off duty 7.30 p.m. turned in 8 p.m.

Friday 26th November, 1915

Enemy seem to be uneasy, put shells over last night, unusual for them after dark and have been doing some today, can't understand our silence, but our guns have not replied and our rifles are remarkably quiet. Warships have fired few shots. Up at 6.30 a.m. on duty at 7.30 a.m. breakfast for patients and on parade at 9 a.m. and half an hours marching up and down track. Cleaned up hospital and did sick parade with Captain Welch, took till dinner time. One of our boys hit today. Turks shelled

Page 95 our lines this afternoon. This evening heavy thunder storm, lightning and rain most violent. Pitch black night, hill side slippery, hardly walk or climb, have to wait for lightning to see way. Off duty 7.30 p.m. in bed 8.30 p.m.

Saturday 27th November, 1915

An awful night last night. Thunderstorm and rained in torrents, got washed out of my dugout and had to sleep in hospital tent. Woke at 6 a.m. and on duty at 7.30 a.m. Breakfast for patients and cleaned up, then did sick parade with Captain Furber, took till dinner time. The mud is awful and am plastered with it, also very cold and raining of and on all day. Our batteries gave enemy lively half hours shelling about midday. This afternoon made my dugout little more secure against rain and made my bed up off the ground which is wet. Finished duty at 7.30 p.m. and turned in about 8.30 p.m. Cold again tonight.

Sunday 28th November, 1915

Up at 6 a.m. this morning, my 25th birthday and found about two inches of snow all over, looked pretty but bitter cold. On duty at 7.30 a.m. and got patients breakfast. The ground under snow all soft and up to knees in mud, hard to keep your feet. Did sick parade with Captain Welch and was busy tramping about through mud and snow all morning, stopped snowing about midday but blowing very strong and sharp. Not much doing this afternoon, trying to keep warm. Toes feel nearly frozen off, not been warm all day. Came off duty at 7.30 p.m. and turned in about 8 p.m. Freezing very hard tonight and wind biting.

Monday 29th November, 1915

Very cold night, managed to sleep although not too warm, up about 6 a.m. and jumped about to warm my feet, ground frozen as hard as iron. On duty 7.30 a.m. Breakfast for patients and cleaned up afterwards doing the sick parade with Captain Furber which kept me busy till dinner time. After dinner was not quite so busy, so took a trip to some old dugouts and got a few sand bags and a couple of waterproof sheets for roof of my dugout. Back in time for temperatures, medicines, etc. at 4 p.m. then got patients tea and finished duty at 7.30 p.m. Been a very cold day with strong sharp wind. Turned into bed about 8 p.m.

Tuesday 30th November, 1915

Very cold night again and frosty this morning when I got up about 6 a.m. Went on duty at 7.30 a.m. Patients breakfast, cleaned up and did sick parade with Captain Welch. Heard today that several English soldiers had died from exposure this last day or two, also the Indians seem to be feeling the cold badly. Turned out a lovely day. During afternoon had quiet spell so put couple of hours in altering my dugout to stand the weather, also two Cruisers and battleship Agamemnon heavily bombarded

Page 96 enemy a little to the south of our position. Enemy put few shells very close to us today. Off duty at 7.30 p.m. turned in 9 p.m.

Wednesday 1st December, 1915

Had a fire in my dugout last night and got it nice and warm before turning in. Had good nights rest and got up about 6 a.m. A little sharp and frosty again this morning. On duty at 7.30 a.m. got patients breakfast, fell in on parade at 9 a.m. half and hour up and down track and then cleaned up in hospital and did sick parade with Captain Furber. The Ghurka's seem to be suffering severely from frost bite, numbers of them passing our camp on way to their hospital. Believe 150 of them sent away today suffering severely. Cruiser shelled enemy's trenches at Walkers Ridge this afternoon, could see shells bursting. Off duty 7.30 p.m. Lit fire in dugout and did some writing before turning in about 10 p.m.

Thursday 2nd December, 1915

A little chilly again this morning when I got up about 6.30 a.m. Went on duty at 7.30 a.m. and got patients breakfast. At 9 a.m. fell in on parade to hear orders read out then half an hours marching and doubling up the track, after this did sick parade with Captain Welch kept me going till dinner time. Enemy heavily shelled one of our batteries between us and Suvla Bay, believe two of our guns were temporarily disabled. This afternoon as things were quiet I had a glorius loaf, first since arrived back from Lemnos. The sun came out and day was perfect so sat in sun and read all afternoon. Finished hospital work after tea, off duty 7.30 p.m. and turned in 8 p.m.

Friday 3rd December, 1915

Much warmer last night, slept sound and comfortable and was up at 6 a.m. going on duty at 7.30 a.m., busy till 9 a.m. when fell in on parade and had usual exercise up and down track at foot of our position. Then did sick parade with Captain Furber which kept me very busy till 3 p.m. as a lot came in today. Few shells exchanged again today, weather turned good again and quite warm. Saw some star shells burst over Walkers Ridge just before dark, early in evening for them, don't know what they were for at that hour. Off duty at 7.30 p.m. turned in 8.30 p.m.

Saturday 4th December, 1915

Beautiful mild night again, slept like a top and was up at 6 a.m. went on duty at 7.30 a.m. Patients breakfast, cleaning hospital etc. till 9 a.m. when fell in on parade, orders read out and half hours exercise up and down track, then did sick parade with Captain Welch, finished just before dinner. During afternoon made my dugout real

Page 97 waterproof, or I believe it to be. Enemy put shells unpleasantly close today, one burst right in middle of our dugouts on hillside, luckily just missing all of them, about 10 yards from mine. Our ships bombarded enemy to south of our position furiously this afternoon, guns making one incessant roar for about two hours, saw shells bursting. Off duty 7.30 p.m. turned in 8 p.m.

Sunday 5th December, 1915

Up at 6 a.m. beautiful morning turned out lovely day. On duty 7.30 am. Breakfast for patients, cleaning up etc. At 9 a.m. fell in on parade, orders read out and half an hours exercise up and down track after which did sick parade with Captain Furber, occupied till dinner time. This afternoon enemy shelled No. 2 outpost with very powerful high explosive shells, could see every shell burst about 1/2 mile from us. Little damage done except to No. 16 Casualty Clearing hospital which was wrecked, a good number of sick and wounded being killed and more received further injuries, believe it was an awful sight. Number of shells burst in our camp, one going in hospital tent, men blown in all directions, strange no one injured beyond bruises and being stunned. Off duty 7.30 p.m. turned in 8 p.m.

Monday 6th December, 1915

Up again this morning at 6.30 a.m. Splendid day again. On duty at 7.30 a.m. patients breakfast, about 35 of them, and cleaning up. On parade at 9 a.m. orders read out and half hour up and down track, seems ridiculous as shell might get us any time to say nothing of stray bullets. Did sick parade with Captain Welch and few dressings till dinner time. Had not much to do this afternoon so improved my dugout, made it very snug and comfortable under circumstances then wrote several letters. Enemy shelled us again, not quite so close as yesterday. Just before tea enemy aeroplane flew over but few shots soon sent it away again. Off duty 7.30 .m. turned in 8.30 p.m.

Tuesday 7th December, 1915

Up at 6.30 a.m. this morning and on duty at 7.30 a.m. Lovely day again. Breakfast for patients and cleaning up. At 9 a.m. on parade, orders read out and half an hours exercise up and down the track. Then did sick parade with Captain Furber, kept busy till dinner time. Not so much to do after dinner , sat in hospital and had a read. Enemy aeroplane flew over this evening, also few shells landed rather close. Our batteries and ships returned enemy's fire. Sharp rally of rifle fire on our left about 8.30 p.m. Off duty at 7.30 p.m. turned in 9 p.m.

Wednesday 8th December, 1915

Page 98 Up at 6.30 a.m. Splendid morning again, I usually wake about 4.30 a.m. with going to bed so early and lie till about 6.30 a.m. On duty at 7.30 a.m. Breakfast for patients and cleaned up, then fell in on parade at 9 a.m. and had half hours exercise up and down track. Afterwards did sick parade with Captain Welch, occupied till dinner time. After dinner got medicines given out and then settled down and did some writing till tea time. All afternoon two cruisers and a monitor heavily bombarded the enemy a little to the south of Cape Gaba-tepe. Came off duty 7.30 p.m., turned in 8 p.m. and lay reading till 9 p.m.

Thursday 9th December, 1915

Out of bed again 6.30 a.m. and on duty at 7.30 a.m. Breakfast for patients, cleaning up, etc. and then on parade at 9 a.m. and had half hours usual exercise. I forgot to mention yesterday received a plum pudding from Mrs D.D. Robertson, "Braeside", Bridge of Allan, Scotland. Did the sick parade this morning with Captain Furber, kept me going till dinner time. Fairly quiet after dinner, just medicines, foments, etc. and tea, then fixed up and finished duty at 7.30 p.m. About 8 p.m. our ships in Suvla started firing very heavily, put in sixty shells in about 10 minutes to 15 minutes, rifle fire followed. Went to sleep about 9 p.m.

Friday 10th December, 1915

Got from between the blankets at 6.30 a.m. and went on duty at 7.30 a.m. Breakfast, cleaning, etc. on parade 9 a.m. and half hours usual exercise. Then did sick parade with Captain Welch, large sick parade this morning just got through by dinner time. About 10 a.m. H.M.S. Bachante, two cruisers and two monitors heavily bombarded enemy, seemed to be shelling the Lone Pine area, kept it up till 12 noon, one continuous roar of guns. Quieter this afternoon, observation balloon up at Suvla Bay. This afternoon a large shell burst about six yards behind my dugout making a large hole in the ground and covering us with lumps of earth. Off duty 7.30 p.m. Wrote some letters and turned in at 9 p.m.

Saturday 11th December, 1915

Up at 6.30 a.m. on duty at 7.30 a.m. Breakfast for patients, cleaning up etc. and at 9 a.m. on parade and half an hours exercise up and down track, after which I started getting sick parade ready for Captain Furber, just then Colonel received dispatch, he immediately gave orders for all fatigues to cease, all patients to be evacuated and all our stores and kits to be got ready to move off. Got through sick parade and was hard at work rest of morning packing drugs etc. Shortly after dinner were ready to move off at an hours notice. Enemy plane flew over about 4 p.m. dropped darts rather close. Nothing else doing so into bed 8 p.m.

Page 99 Sunday 12th December, 1915

Up at 6.30 a.m. this morning, had our breakfast about 7.15 a.m. and yarned about our prospects till 9 a.m. when on parade and half hours exercise. After this got through a sick parade with Captain Welch and was doing odd jobs till dinner time. We are all in the dark wondering what our move is to be and where we are going. Nothing doing after dinner till 4 p.m. when got word pack everything ready to move off at once. Worked hard till about 5.30 p.m. then told stand by for further orders. Our ships been bombarding down south very heavy. Orders at 8 p.m. to still stand by, nothing further heard at 10 p.m., so am just going to lie down for sleep as I am, dressed.

Monday 13th December, 1915

Up at 6.30 a.m. had my breakfast and then on parade at 9 a.m. and had half an hours physical drill after which I assisted Captain Furber with the sick parade and afterwards fumigated our hospital tents which we are leaving behind. After dinner things were pretty slack so sat reading in the sun and watching shells burst, which our batteries poured into the Turkish trenches at Walkers Ridge. About 4.30 p.m. got word to be ready to fall in and move off at 5.15 p.m. was altered to 8.15 p.m. when we marched out carrying everything, went to Walkers Ridge jetty, an awfully tiresome march through sapps and went on jetty about 3 a.m. Tuesday morning.

Tuesday 14th December, 1915

On jetty at 3 a.m. and went on board H.M.S. Carron a small despatch and patrol ship mounting two 12 pounder guns. Put our kits down on deck and lay on them, fell fast asleep at once, tired out. Ship heaved anchor and moved off about 6 a.m. went straight past Embros. Had tin of bully beef for breakfast still sitting on deck, terribly crowded. Smart lookout kept for submarines, ran into a fog about 10 a.m. and had to go slower, arrived at Lemnos harbour about 12.30 midday but stayed on board till 5 p.m. when Waterwitch took us ashore and we marched about two miles to our camping ground, dead beat laid our beds in open and turned in about 10 p.m. Had to put tent up for officers.

Wednesday 15th December, 1915

Had a bad night as it rained fairly sharp at intervals amd my blankets were almost wet through by daylight about 6.30 a.m. Very strong and bitter cold wind blowing, had to roll my bed up wet to keep it from blowing away. Worked all morning putting up tents in proper position for officers, also got cup of tea, first hot drink since leaving peninsula. After dinner allotted off in groups and given our own tents to put up, eleven being in ours, got it up and trenched then lay down for a spell, called out at 6

Page 100 p.m. to take some tents down and while busy got sharp pain in back, have evidently caught chill in muscles when lying in my wet blankets. Went to bed about 8.30 p.m.

Thursday 16th December, 1915

Did not have too good a night, tent so crowded and my back ached horribly and very painful if I attempted to turn over. Turned out about 7 a.m. and had breakfast at 7.45 a.m. On parade at 9 a.m. various fatigues told off and orders read out after which we went to our various duties. I had to collect large rocks to make breakwind for cooks, was kept at it till dinner time. After dinner on parade again and Captain Furber took us for a route march getting back to camp in time for tea. We only expect to be here for a few days, have been told not to unpack, might have to move off anytime. Went to concert at Tommy Ambulance this evening and turned in 9.30 p.m.

Friday 17th December, 1915

Reveille blew at 7.30 a.m. this morning, breakfast at 8 a.m. Managed to get a shave after breakfast and fell in on parade at 9 a.m. Orders read out for the day, not allowed leave camp and lights out at 8.30 p.m. Various fatigues told off, my share being more stone carrying, to make camp ornamental, absolutely ridiculous, but Captain Furber, who is acting Adjutant, seems determined not to let us have a rest even for the few days we expect to be here. He is a rotter and outsider deeming it funny to heap injustices on us. Makes us put lights out at 8.30 p.m. while Infantry camp all round us put theirs out at 10 p.m. he laughs at it, sheer ignorance. Route march this afternoon and roll call at 4.45 p.m. Tea and sing song with lights out at 8.30 p.m.

Saturday 18th December, 1915

Reveille at 7.30 a.m. and breakfast at 8 a.m. On parade at 9 a.m. Am tent orderly today. Inspection of tents at 9.30 a.m. and on ration fatigue at 10 a.m. went to A.S.C. and drew rations carrying them back to camp. Stone carrying and drain, trench digging for rest of morning. Dinner at 1 p.m. and on parade at 2 p.m. and Captain Furber took us for route march. Gave us over two hours forced marching using both threatening and bad language, the boys resented it and treated him to hoots, cat-calls and various other annoyances. He has got the boys almost ready for open mutiny. One fellow who had been wounded could not keep up with us, was left behind, has only been out of hospital about month, came in about 2 hours later looking pretty sick. Parade and roll call at 4.45 read a bit till lights out at 8.30 p.m.

Sunday 19th December, 1915

Reveille at 7.30 a.m. breakfast at 8 a.m. and on parade at 9 a.m. when Captain Furber gave us lecture on discipline and we were dismissed till 9.45 a.m. when fell in

Page 101 for church parade. Dinner was late, almost 2 p.m. and as soon as it was over we were turned out again on parade and Captain Furber took us for route march which turned out fiasco, men chipped him and sang songs ridiculing him till he used violent and extremely abusive language, our N.C.O's at once marched out and objected whereon he cooled down and we marched back to camp and at once paraded to the O.C. Colonel Meikle who said he would interview the N.C.O's. Lights out were altered to 10 p.m. tonight.

Monday 20th December, 1915

Reveille at 7.30 a.m. and breakfast at 8 a.m. Parade at 9 a.m. and put on gathering more stones. Put in and was granted pass to West Mudros, left camp and caught 10.45 ferry and was at West Mudros just after 12 noon, saw my fiancee's brother W.Hill and had good yarn also had dinner with him. Had to catch 2.30 p.m. boat back to East Mudros and then went into township of Mudros and had look round. A dirty dismal place under military guard, French soldiers and sailors and colonial troops everywhere also English, Scots, Welsh, Irish and British Colonials. Could buy nuts, oranges, apples, chocolate but the Greek prices are prohibitive, back in camp at 7 p.m. and in bed 8.30 p.m. Evacuation of Anzac and Suvla successfully completed this morning, last troops getting away between 2 and 3 a.m. I believe only three men wounded.

Tuesday 21st December, 1915

Reveille 7 a.m. this morning and on parade at 7.30 a.m. Physical drill for twenty minutes and breakfast at 8 a.m. On parade again at 9 a.m. orders read out and fatigue parties told off. All other men, myself included, had to gather stones and build a wall about 3 to 4 feet high all round our tents to act as breakwind and protection against snow if any should fall. Commenced to rain pretty heavily just before dinner and kept up all afternoon so sat in tent and yarned. Would like to write but are not allowed to post letters or cards. Read a magazine during evening and was in bed when lights out 10 p.m. went.

Wednesday 22nd December, 1915

Reveille at 7 a.m. on parade 7.30 a.m. and 20 minutes physical drill, breakfast at eight, at 9 a.m. on parade, fatigue told off, am on water fatigue, my first lot of water by 10 a.m. so went off up the creek about a mile away where there are two tubs, filled one and had a good bath, was pretty cold, but enjoyed it, also washed some of my clothes. After dinner did my second trip for water then loafed about camp till tea time. After tea went for 3rd and last lot of water. Spent evening yarning. Some of our division went on board again today, we were notified to send advance party in morning, into bed long before 10 p.m lights out.

Thursday 23rd December, 1915

Page 102 Reveille at 7 a.m. and breakfast at 7.30 a.m. Advance guard of 25 men went down to embark at 8 a.m. and all rest of us to be in readiness to leave at any moment. After breakfast fell in on parade at 9 a.m. complimentary letter by General Godley on the successful evacuation by our troops of the Anzac position, fatigues told off and rest of us dismissed. After tent inspection 9.30 a.m. we indulged in a few lively games, weak horses, etc. had some fun our officers enjoying the scene and showing their appreciation by their hearty laughs. After dinner we played a game of football (soccer) with a ball of the Royal Scots Territorials and we got beat 6 goals to 0. Had a quiet evening and turned in about 9 p.m.

Friday 24th December, 1915

Reveille at 7 a.m. and on parade 7.30 a.m., roll call and dismissed. Breakfast at 8 a.m. and on parade again at 9 a.m. orders read out, fatigues told off and rest dismissed for general duties. I was out digging a large hole all morning to bury old tins and rubbish out of the incinerator. During the afternoon I watched a football match (Australian Game) between 14th and 16th Battalion. 16th Battalion won. Has been a splendid day, had just slight drizzle of rain first thing this morning. Just after tea we received our Christmas Billies, mine was from Mrs J. Hall, Redbanks, South Australia. Pipe, tobacco, cigarettes, chocolate, nuts, etc. very nice. Sat singing in tent till turned in about 9 p.m. Saturday 25th December, 1915

Christmas morning. No reveille this morning, got up about 7.45 a.m. and had breakfast. Paraded at 9 a.m. for roll call and orders, then dismissed till 9.45 a.m. when fell in for church parade. After church parade sat about smoking and talking till dinner time. About 11.30 a.m. an enemy plane flew over the island and dropped a bomb, doing no damage at all. After dinner, steak and onions and pumpkin, our corps played 16th Battalion a game of football (Australian rules) our side was defeated, I watched three quarters of the game and there was plenty of fun in it. A Rugby football match followed and provided more excitement. Christmas puddings between 2 men at about 6.30 p.m. had sing song and into bed 11 p.m.

Sunday 26th December, 1915

Boxing Day. Reveille at 7 a.m. and breakfast at 8 a.m. Was picked to play rugby football for our corps against 13th Battalion this afternoon. On parade and roll call at 9 a.m. dismissed and on parade for church parade again at 9.45 a.m. While service was proceeding about 10.15 a.m. an officer came and spoke to chaplain who finished the service at once and we marched back to camp and were ordered to pack up at once and be ready to move off at 11 a.m. Marched out of camp at 11 a.m. and proceeded to Egyptian pier where we went on the barges and were taken out to transport Ascanius, got fixed up in our quarters and were busy rest of day getting mess dishes, hammocks etc. Had tea about 7 p.m. and turned in about 8.30 p.m. a bit tired.

Page 103 Monday 27th December, 1915

Had fair nights sleep and woke about 6 a.m had wash and look round deck before breakfast at 8 a.m. We have about 2,000 troops aboard, but plenty of room, also number of Staff Officers including three Brigadier Generals and a Lieutenant General. Steamed out of Lemnos Harbour about 8.15 a.m. A cruiser ahead of us, think she is escorting us, also an hospital ship is following us up. We have a 4.7 naval gun mounted astern, also 8 machine guns in bows round sides of ship guard against submarines. All have lifebouys and up to present our tucker has been pretty good. No lights shown after dark and have been cautioned about striking matches in open spaces on deck. Turned in about 8.30 p.m.

Tuesday 28th December, 1915

Up at 6.30 a.m. went on deck had good wash and look round before breakfast. After breakfast lounged about deck, two destroyers which had been escorting us past the islands turned back and left us about 10 a.m. Could see smoke of some other vessel ahead of us this morning. Had dinner of mutton broth, stewed mutton and rabbit and rice pudding, very nice. A couple of the crew got a piano out on deck this afternoon and gave us very pleasant concert, one played and the other sang comics and danced. About 4 p.m. all on board ordered to wear life belts till further notice, passing through dangerous waters. Mess orderly for tea so got tucker, cold boiled beef, pickles, bread, butter and jam. Had a friendly hand of cards this evening, no gambling and was in my hammock by 9 p.m. Wednesday 29th December, 1915

Up at 5.30 a.m. and drew dry rations (bread and butter) at 6 a.m as I am mess orderly till after dinner. Had turn round deck and then got breakfast. Dropped anchor inside breakwater at Alexandria about 9.30 a.m. Inspection of mess deck at 10 a.m. Harbour full of ships, couple of cruisers, about dozen hospital ships. Moved alongside wharf about 4.30 p.m. and had tea 5 p.m. Been beautiful day, heard reason why so suddenly ordered to wear lifebelts yesterday, reason was two enemy submarines, one captured and one sunk, one few hours ahead of us by a British Cruiser and one behind us rammed by a transport following. Still alongside 7 p.m. waiting orders. Left ship 11.30 p.m. and boarded train on wharf. Train left 12 midnight.

Thursday 30th December, 1915

Travelling all night, rotten carriages, had to try and catch sleep in awful position, managed to get about three hours sleep. Our destination proved to be Ismailia and we arrived about 7.30 a.m. Left train at 8 a.m. marched through township and arrived at site of our camp on the desert about 2 1/2 miles from train. No tents, just dropped our packs and equipment on sand. Place very busy, evidently making strong postition for enemy to face. Believe our trenches are 8 miles away. Our aeroplanes flying about. Managed to get a drink of tea at 10 a.m. but had nothing to

Page 104 eat, no rations been issued and now 3 p.m., am very hungry. Had good bath under tap. Dry biscuits and tea issued about 5 p.m. Turned in in open about 7.30 p.m.

Friday 31st December, 1915

Got up about 7 a.m. and had breakfast and wash, cold at night but beautiful days. Parade and roll call at 9 a.m. Cannot do anything have no panniers, stores or tents, had to buy bread for breakfast. About 9.30 a.m. Captain Furber took us for a swim at the open baths in the Great Bitter Lake (Lake Timsah). Arrived back for dinner, had some stew. After dinner had leave till 5 p.m. Went into town, lovely place, had good look round, brought oranges, tomatoes, apricots and sardines. Arrived back for roll call at 5 p.m. Tea issued, consisted of tea, biscuits, and a very little cheese, naturally eat what we had bought. Turned in in open again about 8 p.m.

Last page of Diary:

Should anything happen to the owner of this book, will the finder please send it to:

Miss D. Hill 40 Mirams St Ascot Vale Melbourne Victoria Australia

Page 105

1916 Inscription inside front cover:

Pte. W. D. Lycett A Section 4th Field Amb. 4th Inf. Brigade A.I.F. A.A.M.C. On Active Service.

Should anything happen to the owner of this diary, or should it be lost, will finder please, if he cannot return it to the above, please forward it to

Miss D. Hill 40 Mirams St. Ascot Vale Melbourne Victoria Australia with the owners best wishes.

Inscription overleaf:

To William D. Lycett, 4th Field Ambulance A.I.F. with every wish for good luck for 1916 and after. Also hoping that we will spend many a pleasant time in reading this together with love from Dais.

Page 107 Saturday 1st January, 1916

Woke about 6.30 a.m. New Years Day. Foggy first thing and very heavy dew during night, fortunately have extra waterproof to put over my blankets, some of chaps blankets nearly wet through with dew and fog. Had breakfast of bacon. On parade for roll call at 9 a.m. then dismissed. Went on swimming parade at 9.30 a.m. with Captain Jefferies, had good swim. General leave this afternoon from 12 noon to 5 p.m. went into public gardens and wrote letters then bought some oranges and tomatoes. Some of our troops acting disgracefully, rioting and smashing things up generally. Took some washing to be done, back in camp and roll call 5 p.m. Turned in about 7 p.m.

Sunday 2nd January, 1916

Reveille 6.30 a.m. on parade 7 a.m. physical drill 7.30 a.m. After breakfast had to put up tents which had arrived for us, one tent per section, very crowded. Nothing doing after dinner till 3 p.m. when I was on camp picket till 5 p.m. Parade and roll call 5 p.m. After tea a few of us obtained permission to go to Garrison Church Ismailia, very nice service, went straight back to camp and lights out 10 p.m.

Monday 3rd January, 1916

Reveille 6.30 a.m. and on parade 7 a.m. physical drill till 7.30 a.m. On parade again 9 a.m. Captain Welch took us for short route march through town, back at 11 a.m. No parade this afternoon. Wrote and posted letter to W. Hill concerning transfer to 3rd Engineers. Very windy day, sand blowing in clouds, spent afternoon writing. Not getting too good tucker or too much of it, have to buy to make up. Parade and roll call 5 p.m. In bed about 7.30 p.m. lights out at 10 p.m.

Tuesday 4th January, 1916

Reveille 7 a.m On parade 7.15 a.m. and physical drill till 7.45 a.m. and hours squad drill and one hour semaphore signalling, dismissed and dinner 12.30 noon. On parade 2 p.m. roll call and dismissed. Writing letters all afternoon. Tea at 5 p.m. and yarned till 7 pm. when turned in and lights out went at 10 p.m.

Wednesday 5th January, 1916

Reveille 7 a.m. On parade 7.15 a.m. Physical drill till 7.45 a.m. breakfast at 8 a.m. Had to assist at sick parade this morning, very busy with foments, dressings etc. till 11 a.m. then took about 40 sick men round to No. 2 C.C.S. Had walk round town and dinner and back at camp 3.30 p.m. Parade and roll call at 5 p.m. turned in 8 p.m. and lights out at 10 p.m.

Thursday 6th January, 1916

Reveille 7 a.m. on parade 7.15 a.m. with physical drill till 7.45 a.m. and then breakfast at 8 a.m. On parade 9 a.m. roll call, half an hours squad drill, an hours semaphore signalling and then Captain Welch took us for route march till dinner time. Went through town to some gardens, very pretty. Had leave from 12 noon till 5 p.m. Got my washing and bought some tucker, salmon, sardines, sausages in tins, bread and butter. Back in camp for parade and roll call at 5 p.m. Had yarn and into bed 7.30 p.m. lights out 10 p.m.

Friday 7th January, 1916

Page 108

Reveille 7 a.m. on parade 7.15 with physical drill till 7.45 a.m. and breakfast at 8 a.m. Parade again at 9 a.m. more semaphoring till 10.30 a.m. and then a route march till 12 noon and dismissed. Writing letters all afternoon, received two letters from England. Parade and roll call at 5 p.m. turned in 8 p.m. and lights out 10 p.m.

Saturday 8th January, 1916

Reveille 7 a.m. on parade 7.15 a.m. On picket camp area till 12 noon. Large mail arrive and received 12 letters. This afternoon we played 13th Battallion at rugby football, very hard game but we won by 4 points to nil, was playing myself. After tea party of us had permission to go to picture theatre, not up to much. Back in camp 8 p.m. in bed 9 p.m. and lights out 10 p.m.

Sunday 9th January, 1916

Reveille 7 a.m. and on parade 7.15 a.m. Physical drill till 7.45 a.m. and breakfast at 8 a.m. On parade 9.45 a.m. marched to church parade at 10 a.m. back to camp 11.30 a.m. and dinner 12.30 midday. Spent afternoon writing also evening. Was paid this evening, drew 300 piastres (£3-1s-6d). Very heavy dews at night, during day sand gets perfectly dry, but in morning it is wet to the depth of 3 inches or so just as if water had been poured on. Turned in 9 p.m. lights out 10 p.m.

Monday 10th January, 1916

New routine today ordered by Divisional Headquarters. Reveille 6.30 a.m. parade 7 a.m. physical drill till 7.30 a.m. and breakfast at 8 a.m. On parade 9.30 a.m. marched off over sand for squad drill, signalling etc. till noon. I was called out from it this morning to assist dentist with extractions. Dinner 12.30 and on parade again till 4.30 p.m. Party of us were allowed to march to Indian Camp to play soccer football match. Won by 5 goals to 1. Went and had shower bath and back at camp 6 p.m. received my new diary today. In bed 8 p.m. lights out 10 p.m.

Tuesday 11th January, 1916

Reveille 6.30 a.m. on parade 7 a.m. and physical drill till 7.30 a.m. breakfast 8 a.m. Not on parade at 9 a.m. as had to assist at sick parade, dressings, foments, etc. kept me very busy till dinner time. After dinner dressings etc. to be done again and had to go to No. 1 Stationary Hospital with patient. Back late for tea, more dressings etc. and finished about 7 p.m. Did little writing turning in about 8.15 p.m. and lights out at 10 p.m.

Wednesday 12th January, 1916

Reveille 6.30a.m. on parade 7 a.m. orders read out and physical drill till 7.30 a.m. Breakfast 8 a.m. and on parade 9.30 a.m. Section and company drill by Captain T Furber till 10.30 a.m. then by section Sergeant till 11.15 a.m. followed by signalling practice till 12 noon. Leave this afternoon, went into town and had fair dinner for 10 piatres (2s-1d) then went to church reading room and had quiet read at some magazines. Back at camp 4.30 p.m. Parade and roll call 5 p.m. Was writing till 8 p.m. into bed at 9 p.m. and lights out 10 p.m.

Thursday 13th January, 1916

Page 109 Reveille 6.30 a.m. and on parade 7 a.m. Physical drill till 7.30 a.m. and breakfast at 8 a.m. On parade again 9.30 a.m. Major Clayton and Captain Jefferies took us for route march to Ferry Post on the Suez Canal about 4 miles, back for dinner. After dinner marched to football ground and played Division Headquarters Sig. R.E. soccer. Beat them 3 - 0. Back to camp and on parade 5 p.m. for roll call. Had read after tea, in bed about 7 p.m. and asleep long before lights out at 10 p.m.

Friday 14th January, 1916

Reveille 6.30 a.m. on parade 7 a.m. with physical drill till 7.30 a.m. Had to leave parade at 7.15 a.m. to assist at sick parade and again at 9.30 a.m. Very busy till 12 noon. Dressings, foments, etc. At 1 p.m. busy for about an hour. Received wire from W. Hill re transfer to Engineers. Dressings etc. again at 4.30 p.m. Parade and roll call 5 p.m. Have compulsory gargle of Pot. Permang (Condy's) night and morning now as a case of meningitis has occurred in Infantry lines. In bed 8 p.m. and lights out at 10 p.m.

Saturday 15th January, 1916

Reveille 6.30 a.m. on parade 7 a.m. and physical drill till 7.30 a.m. Some of our transport arrived during night from Alexandria. Parade again 9.30 a.m. and had stretcher drill till 11.30 a.m. This afternoon our corps played football matches, one each Australian and Rugby rules, winning both. I played in rugby match against 15th Battallion. Back in camp and roll call 5 p.m. Accident in Infantry lines adjoining us with a machine gun, one man killed and one wounded. Wrote again after tea and in bed 9 p.m. lights out 10 p.m.

Sunday 16th January, 1916

Reveille 6 a.m. today and parade 7 a.m. Gargle and dismissed. Had to have breakfast, shave and be on parade in full marching order by 7.45 when marched off with brigade to Moascar Station about 3 miles away where were inspected by General's Murray and Godley, then a march past and back to camp at 2 p.m. and only got tea for dinner. Funeral this afternoon of man who was killed in yesterday's accident. Our kit bags arrived today and got mine for first time since landing at Gallipoli. Turned in after writing at 8 p.m. Lights out 10.15 p.m.

Monday 17th January, 1916

Reveille 6.30 a.m. Parade 7 a.m. Gargle and physical drill till 7.30 a.m. Breakfast 8 a.m. On orderly room messenger job today, relieved man on shift for breakfast. Parade 9.30 a.m. fell out and on duty as messenger at 12 noon till 5 p.m. Not much to do but have to be at post. Relieved 5 p.m. Applied for and was granted 48 hours leave to go to Port Said tomorrow, but cancelled it as want to get to Cairo to see brother Harry. Yarned tonight and turned in 7.30 p.m. Lights out 10.15 p.m.

Tuesday 18th January, 1916

Reveille 6.30 a.m. parade 7 a.m. Gargle and physical drill till 7.30 a.m. Breakfast 8 a.m. On parade 9.30 a.m. Stretcher drill till 10.30 a.m. company drill till 11 a.m. and signalling till 12 noon. On parade again 2.30 p.m. and went for route march through town, back at 4.30 p.m. Parade, roll call and gargle at 5 p.m. Went to bed as felt very tired about 6.30 p.m. Lights out 10 p.m. Wednesday 19th January, 1916

Page 110 Reveille 6.30 p.m. and on parade 7 a.m. Gargle, physical drill till 7.30 a.m. Breakfast 8 a.m. and on parade 9.30 a.m. Stretcher drill till 10.30 a.m. and company drill till 11 p.m. followed by signalling practice till 12 noon. Parade again 2 p.m. marched to football ground and played New Zealand Ambulance Rugby football making draw 1 goal 1 try each. I was playing, it was very hard game, back in camp for roll call and gargle at 5 p.m. Wrote letters this evening and turned in 8.30 p.m. Lights out 10 p.m.

Thursday 20th January, 1916

Reveille 6.30 a.m. Parade 7 a.m. Gargle and physical drill till 7.30 a.m. Breakfast 8 a.m. and on parade again 9.30 a.m. Our section (A) for duty today, orders read out and fatigues told off. Am in a digging party, digging large refuse pit 12' x 7' x 10'. Worked hard till 10.45 a.m. when stopped, had to get rations for midday meal and go with tools to Moascar camp where we are shifting to in day or so. Took us an hour to get there, snatched a bite and started digging again till 1.30 p.m. when relieved, went back to old camp. Parade etc. 5 p.m. advance guard left for Moascar tonight. Turned in 8 p.m. Lights out 10.15 p.m.

Friday 21st January, 1916

Reveille 6 a.m. Parade 6.15 a.m. packed kits, struck camp before breakfast at 7 a.m., loaded wagons by 7.45 a.m. and moved away at 8 a.m. Marched to Moascar about 3 miles to new camp site, arrived about 9 a.m. Unloaded wagons and pitching tents all morning. Went to coffee stall near by for dinner, had 9 fried eggs, bread and 2 cups of tea for 7 piastres (1s 5 1/2d) Pitching tents and general fatigue work till 5 p.m. when parade, roll call and gargle, then tea. After tea had quiet yarn and into bed 7 p.m. pretty tired, lights out 10 p.m.

Saturday 22nd January, 1916

Reveille 6 a.m. on parade 7 a.m. gargle and physical drill till 7.30 a.m. Breakfast 8 a.m. On parade again 9.30 a.m. general fatigue work fixing up camp till dinner time at 12.30. On parade again 2.30 p.m. and more fatigue work. Lining out camp area etc. Five of us put in bell tent today, not so bad. Parade, roll call and gargle 5 p.m. After tea did some writing till about 8.30 p.m. when turned in and lights out 10 p.m.

Sunday 23rd January, 1916

Reveille 6 a.m. on parade 7 a.m. gargle and physical drill till 7.30 a.m. Breakfast 8 a.m. Assisting at sick parade today, busy till 11 a.m. and after dinner for a couple of hours again doing foments, dressings, etc. Was writing again for rest of afternoon, more dressings again after tea and spent most of evening writing again turned in 8.30 p.m. Lights out 10 p.m.

Monday 24th Janaury, 1916

Reveille 6 a.m. on parade 7 a.m. Gargle and physical drill till 7.30 a.m. Breakfast 8 a.m. and on parade 9.30 a.m. More fatigues pulling down and re-erecting tents and general camp work till 12 noon. On parade 2.30 p.m. went for route march across desert for about 6 miles, very heavy going, back for parade and roll call at 5 p.m. also gargle. After tea did some washing and turned in 8 p.m. Lights out 10 p.m.

Tuesday 25th Janaury, 1916

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Reveille 6 a.m. parade 7 a.m. Roll call and gargle and physical drill till 7.30. Breakfast 8 a.m. and on parade 9.30 a.m. Company drill till 10.30 a.m. when we were paid, I drew £3-10s-11d (350 Piastres) Company drill again till 12 noon. Paraded at 1.45 p.m while some late special orders read out. On leave from 2 p.m. to 5 p.m to go to Ismailia, did not go but stayed in tent and wrote letters, windy and rainy day. Roll call 5 p.m. and gargle. Parade again 7 p.m. and compulsory lecture by Captain T Furber, in bed 9 p.m. Lights out 10 p.m.

Wednesday 26th January, 1916

Reveille 6 a.m. rained and very windy all night. About 8 tents were blown down in our camp. Did not go on 7 a.m. parade as assisting at sick parades. Busy with dressings etc. all morning and admitted two patients to our hospital. Dressings etc. again at 1.30 p.m. and at 5.30 p.m., about an hours work each time. Wrote a letter in between times. On parade at 5 p.m. roll call and gargle and dismissed for tea. Been cold and rainy day. Our tent taken from us after tea for cooks use, separated into different tents so two of us went into hospital tent, turned in about 8 p.m. lights out 10 p.m.

Thursday 27th January, 1916

Reveille 6 a.m. not on 7 a.m. parade, busy fixing hospital up and making it tidy, also looked after patients, one of whom was sent to base at midday. Some of our letters which we had written and posted here were burnt in incinerator, paraded to Adjutant who inquired into it and beamingly said it was "an unfortunate mistake" saved him censoring them. On parade 1 p.m. in full marching order, transport as well, all officers mounted, went for route march throught Ismailia, did about 5 miles, rained hard, back for tea. Cold night so turned in early about 7.30 p.m., lights out 10 p.m.

Friday 28th January, 1916

Reveille 6 a.m. and on parade 7 a.m. Gargle and roll call, then fell out and started to work in hospital. Breakfast at 8 a.m. Dressings, forments, etc at 9 a.m. then cleaned up for inspection by O.C. Lieutenant Colonel Meickle. After this had a read till dinner time. Dressings etc. at 2 p.m. then went through our panniers and cleaned them out thoroughly, occupied us till tea time. Had to take over C Section hospital this evening, their tent Sub. division going to 13th Battalion on account of meningitis outbreak. Parade, roll call, gargle 5 p.m. lights out 10 p.m.

Saturday 29th January, 1916

Reveille 6 a.m. had to sleep in tent adjoining C Section hospital, in case I should be wanted. On parade 6.45 a.m. Roll call and gargle then went to my hospital work. Breakfast 8 a.m. Inspection by O.C. at 9.15 a.m. Had to be ready by 10 a.m. for an operation. Captain Furber performed it, a circumcision went off tip-top. After dinner cleaned up and sterilised all instruments again, then wrote some letters. Received letter from brother Harry who is at Lietoun. On parade 5 p.m. roll call gargle. Writing letters this evening till lights out at 10 p.m.

Sunday 30th January, 1916

Reveille 6 a.m. on parade 6.45 a.m. Roll call, orders read out and gargle, then fell out and went on duty at hospital. Breakfast at 8 a.m. cleaned up and dressings etc followed after which had spell till dinner time. After dinner dressings and foments again and wrote a letter before tea. A 14th Battalion

Page 112 man killed in town accidently by Military Policeman. He was drunk, name Thornton. Four battleships in lake today, aeroplanes flying about all the time. Went to the Church of St John in the Wilderness this evening, large congregation, mostly soldiers. Back in camp and in bed before lights out 10 p.m.

Monday 31st January, 1916

Reveille 6 a.m. on parade 6.45 a.m. roll call, orders and gargle, then went on duty at hospital. Breakfast at 8 a.m. cleaned up and went on with dressings. Inspection of entire camp by O.C. every morning at 9.15 a.m. Thirteen new patients today making fifteen in all, pretty busy getting them fixed up. Dressings again after dinner and at 3 p.m. got tin dish and had a good bath. Weather very nice this last couple of days, had kick at football before parade, roll call and gargle at 5 p.m. Choir practice from 6 p.m. to 7 p.m. In bed 8.30 p.m. lights out 10 p.m.

Tuesday 1st February, 1916

Reveille 6 a.m. Parade 6.45 a.m. roll call, orders and gargle then went on duty at hospital. Breakfast at 8 a.m. cleaned up for inspection by O.C. at 9.15 a.m. and then dressings foments, etc. kept me busy till 11 a.m. Dinner 12.30 cleaned up and dressings foments again. Off duty at 3 p.m. and sat in the sun reading till 5 p.m. when on parade for roll call and gargle. Beautiful day again. Our boys and transport all went on route march to ferry post ths afternoon arrived back at 4.30 p.m. Turned in 8.30 lights out 10 p.m.

Wednesday 2nd February, 1916

Reveille 6 a.m. on parade 6.45 a.m. roll call, orders and gargle, then went on hospital duty. Breakfast at 8 a.m. cleaned up for inspection by O.C at 9.15 a.m. then dressings etc. Divisional manouvres today B section of our corps went out. Saw some of Hyderabad lancers (Indians) looked a fine lot of fellows. After dinner and dressings etc, went and played Rugby football for our corps against New Zealand artillery, gave us great licking 19 points to 3. Then went for swim and shower bath. Back in camp at 6 p.m. had tea and did some writing, turned in 9 p.m. lights out 10 p.m.

Thursday 3rd February, 1916

Reveille 6 a.m. on parade 6.45 a.m. Roll call, orders and gargle. An order read out that no transfers from our corps will be approved of under any considerations, but am going to put in for mine if I get the chance to engineers. Went on hospital duty after parade. Breakfast 8 a.m. cleaned up for inspection at 9.15 a.m. then dressings etc. till about 11 a.m. After dinner dressings again and off duty at 3 p.m. Was reading for rest of afternoon till 5 p.m. Parade roll call and gargle then tea and a choir practice from 6 p.m. to 7.15 p.m. Wrote a letter and turned in 9 p.m. lights out 10 p.m.

Friday 4th February, 1916

Reveille 6 a.m. on parade 6.45 a.m. Roll call, orders and gargle then went on hospital duty. Breakfast 8 a.m. cleaned up for inspection at 9.15 a.m. Dressings etc. till about 11 a.m. After dinner and cleaned up, did dressings then watched half dozen of our fellows at riding test for transport, had a bit of fun. Afterwards did some washing. Parade 5 p.m. roll call and gargle, then tea. Four new officers arrived for us today, hope they are a good lot. Trains have been running by to station full of Australian troops all day. Choir practice 6 to 7 p.m. Bed 8.30 p.m lights out 10 p.m.

Saturday 5th February, 1916

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Reveille 6 a.m. on parade 6.45 a.m. roll call, orders and gargle, then went on hospital duty. Breakfast 8 a.m. then cleaned up for inspection by O.C. at 9.15 a.m. Afterwards dressings etc. till dinner time. After dinner and cleaned up, renewed dressings and went to football ground. Our corps played 13th Battalion at soccer, we won 1 - 0. On parade again 5 p.m. roll call, gargle and dismissed. At 7 p.m. we gave concert at Y.M.C.A. tent, very successful, Major General Russel in the chair. Rained heavy tonight. Back at camp and had usual yarn before turning in at 9.30 p.m. Lights out 10 p.m.

Sunday 6th February, 1916

Reveille 6 a.m. on parade 6.45 a.m. Roll call, gargle and orders, then on hospital duty. Breakfast 8 a.m. and cleaned up for inspection by O.C. at 9.15 a.m. then dressings etc, till dinner time. After dinner renewed dressings and cleaned up and off duty at 3 p.m. Went through and repacked some of our panniers and stores of drugs etc. then did some writing. After tea had yarn with boys till they went to church then settled down and did some writing. Sent home all Xmas, Birthday and other cards. Had yarn and turned in 8.30 p.m. Lights out 10 p.m.

Monday 7th February, 1916

Reveille 6 a.m. on parade 6.45 a.m. roll call orders and gargle then on hospital duty. Breakfast 8 a.m. General Assembly sounded at 9.30 a.m. so fell in and had medical inspection (Ven) Afterwards was busy till dinner time with dressings etc. Cleaned up after dinner and did dressings and foments and at 2.30 p.m. had kit inspection. Captain Furber told us, had too much clothing etc and to get rid of some, but am not going to. Off duty 3 p.m. Had rugby practice 4 p.m. On parade 5 p.m. roll call and gargle then tea. Had read this evening and turned in 8 p.m. Lights out 10 p.m.

Tuesday 8th February, 1916

Reveille 6 a.m. on parade 6.45 a..m roll call, orders gargle then went on hospital duty. Breakfast at 8 a.m. cleaned up for inspection by O.C. at 9.15 a.m. Afterwards did dressings, foments etc. busy till dinner time. Applied for and granted leave from 2 p.m. to 5 p.m. Went into Ismailia and made few small purchases tucker etc. Back in camp for roll call 5 p.m. gargle and dismissed. Our officers had dinner party tonight, got paralytic drunk, some carried to tents on stretchers, rotten affair, example to men, were kicking up row till midnight.

Wednesday 9th February, 1916

Reveille 6 a.m. on parade 6.45 a.m. Roll call, orders and gargle, then went on hospital duty. Cleaned up after breakfast for inspection by O.C. at 9.15 a.m. Weather unsettled today. Dressings and foments till dinner time. After dinner dressings again and off duty at 3 p.m. Reading this afternoon, on parade 5 p.m. Roll call and gargle. A bit shorthanded tonight so gave hand in hospital for hour or so. One of our chaps taken ill tonight and sent to base with pneumonia. Writing letters till bed time, turned in 9 p.m. Lights out 10 p.m. Thursday 10th February, 1916

Order issued late last night, no bugles to be sounded in camp or on the march till further notice, consequently things were a bit out this morning at Reveille and parade which were few minutes later than usual. Roll call, orders and gargle. Breakfast at 8 a.m. Afterwards cleaned up for inspection by O.C. at 9.15 a.m. then busy with dressings etc. till dinner time. After dinner cleaned up and dressings again. Off duty 3 p.m. read till parade 5 p.m. when roll call and gargle. Beautiful day, received five

Page 114 letters. Warships and minitors in the lake. Parade at 7.30 p.m. to see if a man who broke camp had returned. Turned in 9 p.m. lights out 10 p.m.

Friday 11th February, 1916

Reveille blown on whistle 6 a.m. on parade 6.45 a.m. Roll call, orders and gargle then on hospital duty. Breakfast 8 a.m. then cleaned up for inspection at 9.15 a.m. by O.C. Afterwards did dressings etc. till dinner time. Cleaned up after dinner and did dressings then did some washing. Our boys went on route march this afternoon. Off duty at 3 p.m. and read till parade at 5 p.m. when roll call and gargle. After tea had yarn and turned in 8 p.m. Lights out 10 p.m. Been lovely day.

Saturday 12th February, 1916

Reveille 6 a.m. on parade 6.45 a.m. All calls are made on whistle now instead of bugle. Roll call, orders and gargle, then on hospital. Breakfast 8 a.m. then cleaned up for inspection by O.C. at 9.15 a.m. Afterwards did dressings etc. After dinner did dressings again and later did rounds of hospital with Major Clayton as corporal went on leave. Off duty 3 p.m. Some talk of our corps being split up shortly. Had real loaf until parade at 5 p.m. with roll call and gargle. Had a dozen fried eggs for tea then yarned till turned in 8.30 p.m. Lights out 10 p.m.

Sunday 13th February, 1916

Reveille 6 a.m. on parade 6.45 roll call, orders and gargle then hospital duty. Breakfast 8 a.m. cleaned up for inspection by O.C. at 9.15 a.m. Dressings etc. afterwards. Our Adjutant Captain Furber sent into No 1. Staty(?) Hospital sick, also O.C. in bed sick, evidently booze up last week has upset them. After dinner played soccer for our corps against New Zealand Engineers. We lost 3-2. Went straight and played game of rugby football for our corps against New Zealand Ambulance lost by 6 points to 3. Parade 5 p.m., roll call, gargle. Wrote letters tonight, turned in 9 p.m. Lights out 10 p.m.

Monday 14th February, 1916

Reveille 6 a.m. on parade 6.45 a.m. roll call, orders and gargle. Routine during day just as usual except transport paraded for inspection. Major Clayton went into No. 1 Staty(?) Hospital sick. Lot of talk of our brigade being withdrawn from New Zealand Division. Also of Brigade and our Ambulance being split up. Orders given out to be ready to move at short notice to Tel-el-kebir about 24 miles from here, might have to march it. Off duty 3 p.m. parade 5 p.m. roll call and gargle. Booze up and party in sergeants mess tonight, none only Sgts allowed by strict orders of O.C. In bed 8 p.m. Lights out 10 p.m.

Tuesday 15th February, 1916

Reveille 6 a.m. on parade 6.45 roll call, orders and gargle. Breakfast 8 a.m. cleaned up for inspection by Major Riack Vice O.C. sick. Then did dressings etc. Made up parcel to send home, in it, Ghurka's kukri, Turks water bottle, driving bands off turkish shells, Turkish cartridge coins and badges. Rained steadily all day. Did the dressings again after dinner and off duty 3 p.m. Had read till parade, roll call and gargle at 5 p.m. Expecting to move at any time, wrote letter home tonight and turned in 9 p.m. Lights out 10 p.m.

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Wednesday 16th February, 1916

Reveille 6 a.m. on parade 6.45 a.m., roll call, orders and gargle, on duty hospital 7 a.m. Breakfast 8 a.m. cleaned up for inspection by O.C. at 9.15 a.m. then did dressings etc. Posted parcel of trophies from Gallipoli this morning home. Played rugby football this afternoon for our corps against 13th Battalion, lost. Very heavy rain storm while playing. Parade, roll call and gargle 5 p.m. New Zealand Ambulance gave us farewell concert tonight with regards our severance from N.Z. Division, very good. Turned in 9.30 p.m. Lights out 10 p.m.

Thursday 17th February, 1916

Reveille 6 a.m. on parade 6.45 a.m. Roll call, orders and gargle, hospital duty 8 a.m. Cleaned up for inspection 9.15 a.m. by O.C. dressings etc. afterwards, very busy till dinner time. Dressings again after dinner and off duty 3 p.m. Observation balloon up by lake today, can see ships passing through canal. Received orders just before tea to pack up stores etc. and load wagons, finished by 7 p.m. Advance guard expects to leave morning. Officers having burst up tonight in their mess, some nurses there. Also sergeants having burst up. In bed 8.30 p.m. Lights out 10 p.m.

Friday 18th February, 1916

Sergeants party last night developed into drunken rowdy scene. Officers was quieter but degrading. One or two officers refused to participate, about 8 nurses were present and were smoking and drinking beer and wine freely, they left in ambulance wagon just after 10 p.m. after which officers had carouse on own. Reveille 6 a.m. parde 6.45. Rountine for day just as usual except that we got rid of all patients but two on account of moving. Our heavier stores and advance guard let this morning. Balloon up by lake today. Turned in 9 p.m. Lights out 10 p.m.

Saturday 19th February, 1916

Reveille 6 a.m. on parade 6.45 a.m. Roll call, orders and gargle, on duty hospital at 7 a.m. Breakfast 8 a.m. cleaned up for inspection by O.C. at 9.15 a.m. then did dressings etc. rather awkward as most of our medical stores have gone. After dinner did dressings again and off duty 3 p.m. Parade 5 p.m. roll call and gargle. Had news of Russian victory and fall of Erzerum today. Has been several court- martials lately in our corps, some of fellows out of hand. Turned in 9 p.m. Lights out 10 p.m.

Sunday 20th February, 1916

Reveille 6 a.m. on parade 6.45 a.m. Roll call, orders and gargle then on hospital. Breakfast 8 a.m. and cleaned up for inspection by O.C. at 9.15 a.m. after which did dressings. After doing dressinga again at 2 p.m. did some writing. News of Russians further advance in Caucasas. Parade again 5 p.m. roll call and gargle, after tea spent evening writing till turned in 9 p.m. Hear they are going to split some of our corps up to make another field ambulance. Talk of moving tomorrow. Lights out 10 p.m.

Monday 21st February, 1916

Reveille 6 a.m. on parade 6.45 a.m. Roll call, orders and gargle then on hospital duty. Breakfast at 8 a.m. cleaned up for inspection by O.C. at 9.15 a.m. afterwards did dressings etc. Discharged all our patients this morning. After dinner on parade 2.30, marched to lake and had swimming parade, back in

Page 116 camp 4.30 p.m. Parade 5 p.m. roll call and gargle. Delayed from moving as troops to replace us have been stopped on account of measles so applied for 48 hours leave to visit Cairo from 6 a.m. tomorrow. Got my pass at 9.30 p.m. Fixed up ready to go in the morning. Lights out 10 p.m.

Tuesday 22nd February, 1916

Up at 5 a.m. caught train for Cairo 6.10 a.m. Tedious journey, arrived Cairo 9.35 a.m. had breakfast and went out to Zeitram to see my brother Harry. Found him looking well at dinner time. Left him 3 p.m. dropped across J. Brownell who ran me in to Cairo and for a look round in his side car. At 5 p.m. went and booked room at the New Khedivial Hotel, bed and breakfast 5/- then met my brother in Cairo at 6 p.m. Went and had dinner, 4 courses, at Cafe la Paix. Walked round Cairo together and had good yarn, left him at station 9 p.m. Went back to hotel and turned into bed 10 p.m. First bed I have slept in since leaving Melbourne.

Wednesday 23rd February, 1916

Splendid nights sleep. woke about 6 a.m. had hot bath, dressed and went out 7 a.m. for shave and boots and leggings cleaned. Back at hotel 8 a.m. for breakfast, then went to post office then to Heliopolis by car. Met brother Harry at 10 a.m. at Heliopolis Palace Hospital, had look round then took car to Cairo, walked round Cairo and had light luncheon at Y.M.C.A. in Ezbekiah gardens. Went out bought wristwatch and took tram to Citadel, could not get inside. Back to Cairo and had good dinner at Y.M.C.A. walked round city and caught train for Ismailia at 7.15 p.m. Harry came to station, arrived Ismailia at 10.30 p.m.

Thursday 24th February, 1916

Cairo full of troops, but number of officers who seem to be there is outrageous, seems to be thousands of officers and quite a lot of nurses, simply there for pleasure, am utterly disgusted. Reveille 6 a.m. on parade 6.45 a.m. Physical drill till 7.30 a.m. then breakfast. On parade 9.30 a.m. struck bell and hospital tents, loaded them on G.S. Wagons and at 10.30 a.m. marched out of camp for divisional manouveres. Over desert about 4 miles, unloaded and built up camp then had dinner. At 2 p.m. had wagon practice and lecture, packed up 3.30 p.m. marched to camp by 5 p.m. erected it again, had roll call and tea. Put in claim for transfer of brother Harry today to this corps. Pretty tired so turned in 8.30 p.m.

Friday 25th February, 1916

Reveille 6 a.m. on parade 6.45 a.m. Roll call, orders and gargle and physical drill till 7.30 a.m. Breakfast 8 a.m. On parade 9.30 a.m. struck camp and moved out 10.30 a.m. Marched over desert about 3 miles and erected camp, had lecture and dinner. Then collecting wounded and wagon practice till 3.15 p.m. when struck camp again and set out home at 3.30 p.m. Arrived back at 4.15 p.m. re- erected camp and at 5 p.m. hd roll call and gargle. Put in an elder brothers claim application for brother Harry's transfer to this corps. In bed 8.30 p.m. Lights out 10 p.m.

Saturday 26th February, 1916

Reveille 6 a.m. on physical parade 6.45 a.m. Roll call, orders and gargle then physical drill till 7.30 a.m. On parade again 9.30 a.m. and went for swimming parade to lake, had good swim and back in camp for dinner. No parde this afternoon so did some writing. A seaplane ship in lake today, seaplane flying about, also aeroplanes one of which did some good flying, looping the loop beautifully and making a

Page 117 fine spiral descent. Guns and troops passing both ways along the line. Parade and roll call and gargle 5 p.m. In bed 8 p.m. Lights out 10 p.m.

Sunday 27th February, 1916

Reveille 6 a.m. on parade 6.45 a.m. Physical drill till 7.30 a.m. Breakfast at 8 a.m. On parade for church parade at 10 a.m. Church parade service taken by one of our fellows in our own lines, very good service. Most of our brigade has left this last few days for Tel-el-kebir. Developed into very rotten day, hot, windy and very oppresive, everybody complaining of headaches. Lay in tent all afternoon. After tea settled down and wrote letters till I turned in 8.30 p.m. Lights out 10 p.m.

Monday 28th February, 1916

Reveille 6 a.m. on parade 6.45 a.m. Roll call, orders and gargle then physical drill till 7.30 a.m. Did not go in parade 9.30 a.m. as our day for duty, so was doing dressings etc. all morning. General assembly at 2 p.m. and worked hard all afternoon packing up and striking camp ready to move in morning. Still going after tea and cleaned up camp at 6.30 p.m. Some of our corps gave concert (minstrel troupe) in Y.M.C.A. tonight, went off very well. Had to bivouac tonight. Turned in in the open about 9.30 p.m. Cool night but am feeling warm.

Tuesday 29th February, 1916

Our transports, horses and vehicles marching to Tel-el-kebir, set out at 4 a.m. this morning. We were roused out at 4.30 a.m. Breakfast at 5 a.m. quite dark. General fatigue work followed in Officers lines which were filthy and we moved to station at 7 a.m. Train moved out 7.10 a.m. New Zealand band playing us off. Travelled in open trucks. Arrived Tel-el-kebir about 9.45 a.m. dis-entrained and marched to camp ground. Lay about waiting orders till 4 p.m. when erected temporary camp, got it fixed up about 6 p.m. Had quiet evening and turned in about 8 p.m. Lights out 10 p.m.

Wednesday 1st March, 1916

Were not disturbed till 7 a.m. this morning and had breakfast 8 a.m. Was on ration fatigue to-day. Went to A.S.C. and loaded our wagons with provisions, fodder etc. and back for dinner. On parade 2.30 p.m. and had squad drill and signalling till 4.30 p.m. Very hot day today. Old battle field of Tel-el- Kebir only few hundred yards away. Tucker seems very scarce. This is an immense camp. Parade and roll call at 5 p.m. Turned in 8 p.m., lights out 10 p.m.

Thursday 2nd March, 1916

Reveille 6 a.m., on parade 6.45 a.m. roll call etc. and physical drill till 7.30. Breakfast 8 a.m. and on parade at 9 a.m. Worked hard till 12.30 noon erecting tents and making camp. After dinner started work again 2 p.m. and worked hard till 5 p.m. Been very hard day, tucker rotten, hardly enough to maintain life. Pitched officer's mess. Did not finish our own as did not start on them till after 4 p.m. No system as long as officers comfortable. Feel done up tonight and turned in 8 p.m. and lights out 10 p.m.

Friday 3rd March, 1916

Reveille 6 a.m., on parade 6.45 a.m., roll call etc. and physical drill till 7.30. On parade again 9.30 a.m. Pick and shovel work levelling ground for tents and camp, real navvy work. Knocked off at 12 noon for

Page 118 dinner. Back at it at 2 p.m. still digging and pitching tents. Sun very hot today, got burnt a bit and ready for a spell when knocked off at 4 p.m. Got our own tents this evening. My brother Harry came to see me tonight and stayed till 9 p.m. Had yarn and turned in 9.30 p.m. Lights out 10 p.m.

Saturday 4th March, 1916

Reveille 6 a.m. Started giving us tea at 6.30 a.m. this morning, but have to buy our own sugar or go without. On parade 6.45 a.m., shifted the Sgt's mess tent by 7.30 a.m. After breakfast on parade again 9.30 a.m. and on general fatigue till 12 noon. On parade again 2 p.m., more fatigue digging drains and loading wagons with sand till 4 p.m. when dismissed, been disagreeable day, close and windy. Are not getting too much tucker since arriving at this camp. Wrote some letters after tea and turned in 8.30. Lights out 10 p.m.

Sunday 5th March, 1916

Reveille 6 a.m., on parade 6.45 a.m., had run over the desert and knocked off for breakfast at 7.30 a.m. Church parade at 9 a.m. When we got back to camp had to do some more sand shovelling till dinner time. O.C. condescended to allow us the afternoon off so took the chance to visit my brother Harry of the 60th Batt. Spent the afternoon together and had a feed of sausages and eggs. Back at camp at 5.30 p.m. After tea spent the evening writing for tomorrow's mail. Turned in 9 p.m. Lights out 10 p.m.

Monday 6th March, 1916

Had a restless night, evidently caught a cold and coughed a good deal. Reveille at 6 a.m. and on parade 6.45 a.m. Roll call, orders and gargle then fell out and went on sick parade. Capt. Powell told me to have a rest and look after myself. Breakfast at 8 a.m. Took some medicine and kept myself warm, did a little writing. Very warm day again, troops arriving continuously. Loafed in the tent this afternoon, went to pictures in camp this evening at 6.30 p.m. In bed 8.30 p.m. Lights out 10 p.m.

Tuesday 7th March, 1916

Had good night's sleep and woke at Reveille at 6 a.m. On parade 6.45 a.m., orders, roll call and gargle. On sick parade again. Capt. Welch (promoted Major) had a look at me, gave me medicine and told me to take things quietly, nothing except cold wrong with me. Loafed about tent and did some writing. This afternoon B. section had thorough medical examination. C. section of our corps have been transferred to 12th Field Amb. Only have 2 sections now. Brother Harry came to see me tonight. In bed 9.30 p.m. Lights out 10 p.m.

Wednesday 8th March, 1916

Feel much better this morning. Reveille 6 a.m., on parade 6.45 a.m., roll call, orders and gargle then physical drill till 7.30 a.m. On parade again 9.30 a.m. stretcher drill and signalling till 10.30 a.m. then good lecture by Major Clayton on Venereal diseases and consequences till 11.15 a.m. and signalling till 12 noon. At 1.30 p.m. our A. section had thorough dental exam. My teeth all good. Major Welch took us for route march, back in camp 4 p.m. and dismissed. Tea at 5 p.m., spent evening reading. Turned in 8.30 p.m. Lights out 10 p.m.

Thursday 9th March, 1916

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Reveille 6 a.m. and on parade 6.45 a.m., roll call, orders and gargle, then fell out, did our own sick parade with Major Clayton. Am in charge of our tent division staff as Cpl. Chisholm on leave. Battalion sick parades at 9 a.m. with Major Welch, took in six patients, worked hard all day, getting hospital fixed up and in working order and looking after our patients, we are very short handed. Going for all I was worth till 8 p.m. Been lovely day. Had to send one patient to No. 2 Staty Hosp. at 6 p.m. to be operated on as he developed acute appendicitis. Turned in 9 p.m. pretty tired. Lights out 10 p.m.

Friday 10th March, 1916

Reveille at 6 a.m. and on parade 6.45 a.m., roll call, orders and gargle, then on hospital duty. Patients' breakfast at 8 a.m. then cleaned and tidied hospital tent for inspection by O.C. Did hospital rounds with Major Welch and fixed up other details, patients' rations etc. Busy till dinner time. After dinner cleaned up, gave out medicines and off duty at 3 p.m., so got tub and had a good bath. After tea I went to see my brother in the 60th Batt. A.I.F. Also saw Lieut. Grounds. Back at camp and turned in 9 p.m. Lights out 10 p.m.

Saturday 11th March, 1916

Reveille 6 a.m., on parade 6.45 a.m., roll call, orders and gargle then on hospital duty at 7 a.m. Breakfast at 8 a.m. then cleaned up for inspection by O.C. Did sick parade at 9 a.m. with Capt. Jeffries, admitted several more patients, very busy till dinner time. After dinner cleaned up, did dressings etc. and gave out medicines. Off duty at 3 p.m. Did some writing till tea time. After tea did some more writing till bed time at 8.30 p.m. Lights out 10 p.m.

Sunday 12th March, 1916

Reveille 6 a.m., on parade 6.45 a.m., roll call, orders and gargle then on hospital duty. Breakfast 8 a.m. then cleaned up for inspection by O.C., dressings and medicine. After dinner gave out medicines again and off duty 3 p.m. Writing till tea time. After tea wrote three more letters. Rumours flying about of move to France before many weeks. No. 1 and 2 Divisions supposed to be embarking along Suez Canal. Turned into bed at 8.30 p.m. Lights out 10 p.m.

Monday 13th March, 1916

Reveille 6 a.m. on parade 6.45 a.m., roll call, orders and gargle then on hospital duty at 7 a.m. Very hot day again. Rumours are afloat that the 1st and 2nd Aust. Div. are embarking for France or England. Cleaned up after breakfast for inspection by O.C. then gave out medicines and did dressings. Off duty at 3 p.m. Things are awfully dull for us here. After tea went along to see my brother Harry, also saw Lieut. Grounds, talking to him for hour or so in his tent. Back at camp and in bed 9.30 p.m. Lights out 10 p.m.

Tuesday 14th March, 1916

Reveille 6 a.m. on parade 6.45 a.m. Roll call, orders and gargle and on hospital duty 7 a.m. Three of the boys from our tent gone to Cairo for the day. Same daily routine of hospital work. Short handed, only five of us to do hospital night and day instead of ten of us. Quite a number of our chaps doing pack drill for overstaying their Cairo leave, the boys are a bit discontented over various matters. Six of B. section were circumcised today, advised at medical inspection. Had walk along camp this evening but saw no one I knew. In bed 9 p.m. Lights out 10 p.m.

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Wednesday 15th March, 1916

Reveille 6 a.m. on parade 6.45 a.m., roll call, orders and gargle then fell out. Am on duty today from 3 p.m. to 10 p.m. so had morning free. Am very discontented myself, our O.C. being rarely seen being drunk most of the time. He awards maximum punishments for the slightest offences and allows other officers to do as they please. Our officers (doctors) treat lots of cases in a purely experimental way, consequently unnecessary work not always congenial is thrown on us in the hospital, half staffed as we are. On duty 3 p.m., usual routine, hot day. Brother Harry came to see me tonight, shifted 58th Batt. Off duty 10 p.m., turned in.

Thursday 16th March, 1916

Reveille 6 a.m. on parade 6.45 a.m. Roll call, orders and gargle then free till 3 p.m. when on hospital duty. Very hot day again. B. sect. inoculated yesterday for Para-Typhoid, some very sick. Very dull and dreary here, heat oppressive. Applied again this morning for brother Harry's transfer to our unit. On duty 3 p.m. Took temperatures at 4 p.m., sixteen patients, tea at 5 p.m. Cleaned up, gave out medicines and did dressings. At 8 p.m. made cocoa for patients and fixed them up for night. Officers in camp tonight all drunk. Off duty 10 p.m., turned in. Friday 17th March, 1916

Reveille 6 a.m. on parade 6.45 a.m. Roll call, orders and gargle. Tent inspection by O.C. 9.15 a.m., ours been best tent since we've been here. Rotten day, heat terrible, wind violent, sand in clouds, flies, sand flies and mosquitoes a real pest. Major Clayton left us yesterday, returning I believe to Australia in charge of hospital ships, not coming back I understand. Mess sheds built for us, tables and forms used for officers and other purposes so sheds useless. On duty 3 p.m. till 10 p.m. hospital work. Inoculated at 4.30 p.m. against Para-Typhoid, arm a bit sore tonight. Turned in when relieved at 10 p.m.

Saturday 18th March, 1916

Reveille 6 a.m. on parade 6.45 a.m., roll call, orders and gargle. Our section resting today on account of effects of inoculation, had to do our hospital work. Most of boys pretty sick, not too good myself. Was on hospital duty from 7 a.m. till 3 p.m. Usual routine, rotten windy day again. When relieved at 3 p.m. had a lie down till tea-time. About fifty reinforcements arrived this evening for our corps. Feeling bit better about 6 o'clock, so went along to the pictures till 8.30 p.m., back and in bed by 9 p.m. Lights out 10 p.m.

Sunday 19th March, 1916

Reveille 6 a.m. on parade 6.45 a.m., roll call, orders and gargle. Off duty till 3 p.m. Major Welch and W.O. Baber took reinforcements out for early morning parade and started breaking them in. About 9.30 a.m. my brother Harry arrived at our camp having been transferred to our unit. Major Welsh sent for me and spoke to me about him, put Harry in the tent division with me. On duty 3 p.m., usual hospital routine, about eighteen patients, relieved at 10 p.m. Harry in our (A) section and is in my tent. Had bit of yarn and went to sleep.

Monday 20th March, 1916

Page 121 Reveille 6 a.m. on parade 6.45 a.m., roll call, orders and gargle then off duty till 3 p.m. Life here practically same every day. Every morning we clean our tent thoroughly and make it tidy all round for inspection by O.C. who says it has been best in the lines since arrival at Tel-el-Kebir. Artillery practising from today for ten days with live shell, watching some burst this morning. Took Harry on duty with me at 3 p.m. usual routine, Temp. Tea, Cleaning up, Med. and dressings and Cocoa at 8 p.m. Relieved and turned in at 10 p.m.

Tuesday 21st March, 1916

Reveille 6 a.m. and on parade 6.45 a.m., roll call, orders and gargle and on duty at 7 a.m. Harry on same shift as myself. Breakfast at 8 a.m., cleaned up for inspection by O.C. at 9.15 a.m. then gave out medicines, admitted about half doz new patients and did dressings, foments etc., kept real busy right up to dinner time. After dinner cleaned up again, medicines and more dressings until 3 p.m. when relieved. Artillery practising again today. Spent quiet night reading and writing till in bed 8.30 p.m. Lights out 10 p.m.

Wednesday 22nd March, 1916

Reveille at 6 a.m. and on parade 6.45 a.m., roll call, orders and gargle and on hospital duty 7 a.m. Breakfast 8 a.m. then cleaned up. Camp beautifully clean today, expected inspection by A.D.M.S., also unofficial inspection by H.R.H. Prince of Wales. A.D.M.S. did not turn up. Just having dinner when H.R.H. Prince of Wales rode past accompanied by Gen's Birdwood and Murray and others. Looked very young. Off duty 3 p.m. and had a rest. Very hot today. Wrote some letters tonight and turned in 9 p.m. Lights out 10 p.m.

Thursday 23rd March, 1916

Reveille at 6 a.m., on parade 6.45 a.m., roll call, orders and gargle. On hospital duty 7 a.m. Breakfast 8 a.m. and cleaned up for inspection by O.C. at 9.15 a.m. after which Major Welch went round patients, admitted and discharged some. Gave out medicines and did dressings, kept busy till dinner time. After dinner gave out medicines again and off duty 3 p.m. Very hot again today. After tea did some writing and had game of cards. Turned in 9 p.m. Lights out 10 p.m.

Friday 24th March, 1916

Reveille 6 a.m. on parade 6.45 a.m., roll call, orders and gargle, on duty at hospital at 7 a.m., cleaned up after breakfast for inspection by O.C. at 9.15 a.m. Major McGregor did rounds of hospital this morning. Medicines, dressings etc. occupied till dinner time, medicines again at 2 p.m. when received sudden orders evacuate all patients which we did. Fell in at 4 p.m. and were issued with khaki (slacks, trousers, Tunic (Drill) and sun Helmets. Reading after tea, expect move any day. In bed 8.30 p.m. Lights out 10 p.m.

Saturday 25th March, 1916

Reveille 6 a.m., on parade 6.45 a.m., roll call, orders and gargle, after which started packing up. Packing after breakfast till dinner time, had to have our black kit bags packed and handed in by 11 a.m. Contradictory orders flying round galore. Packing again this afternoon, expect to move off early in the

Page 122 morning. Very hot day again. Had bath just before tea. Spent evening reading and talking. Not allowed out of lines. In bed 8.30 p.m. Lights out 10 p.m.

Sunday 26th March, 1916

Reveille 5 a.m., on parade 5.20 a.m., took down some tents and cleaned up lines. Breakfast at 6.45 a.m. and moved out of camp at 7.30 a.m. occupying rear of column. Had ten minutes spell every hour till 12 noon when halted for dinner, having done nearly 12 miles. Rested till 3 p.m. and on move again, arrived at Mahsamah at 4.30 p.m., pitched hospital tent and bell tents for officers and bivouaked for night. Good number of men fell out on march, hot day. Dressed numerous sore feet and chafes before turning in at 9 p.m., having marched 15 miles with full packs.

Monday 27th March, 1916

Did not get up till 7 a.m. Our section (A) staying here at Mahsamah till Saturday forming an intermediate field hospital. B section of our corps moved on at 5 a.m. with rest of column to Moascar, Ismailia, 15 miles further on. Numerous dressings again this morning, some feet, chafes etc. At midday was ordered to catch train at 2.30 p.m. back to Tel-el-Kebir to get some medical stores. Could not get train back to Mahsamah tonight so spent night with friend in 12th Field Amb. Very hot day again, feel pretty tired.

Tuesday 28th March, 1916

Had rotten night's sleep and up at 7 a.m. After breakfast caught my train at 9.13 a.m. back to Mahsamah. Back at camp at 10 a.m. Another body of troops arrived in this morning from Tel-el-Kebir and we treated 175 on sick parade, mostly blistered feet and chafes. A boiling day again. Our tucker consists of tinned bully beef, biscuits and tea. Kept very busy till 10 p.m. Couldn't have swim in sweetwater canal as it is infested with a parasite. Bivouaked in the open again tonight, turned in about 10 p.m.

Wednesday 29th March, 1916

Had good nights sleep and reveille at 6 a.m., on parade 6.45 a.m., roll call and orders. After breakfast got our patients away on train and then cleaned up. Boiling hot day again. No shelter from sun, just miles of sandy country. At 3.30 p.m. on parade and went for route march about six miles over desert, arrived back in camp about 5.30 p.m. At 6 p.m. another body of troops arrived, mostly 15th Brigade, 5th Div. At 7 p.m. sick and sore commenced coming in, kept going at racing speed till 1 a.m. and treated and dressed 289 cases. Turned in very tired 1.30 a.m.

Thursday 30th March, 1916

Up at 6 a.m., more sick and sore to attend to. Shortly after getting to bed at 1.30 a.m. commenced raining, fortunately not much as we have no shelter. Sand flies are biting something cruel, covered with lumps, also scorpions are numerous in the sand. Got all our patients away on the 10 a.m. train and had a big job cleaning up after them. Did a little washing after dinner. The heat very intense. Been a brawl between natives in village and soldiers, a native got very nasty knock on head laying it open, had to go up and dress it this evening. Turned in 8.30 p.m.

Friday 31st March, 1916

Page 123 Reveille 6 a.m., on parade 6.45 a.m. for roll call and orders. Breakfast at 8 a.m., inspection by Major Welch 9.15 a.m. followed by sick parade. About 11 a.m. another crowd of troops arrived from Tel-el- Kebir (13th Brigade). Capt. Spruit attached to us offered to get us a few letters away so wrote a couple, only had half an hour to do it in. After dinner went to village and re-dressed the nigger's head, numerous natives came round with all kinds of complaints for treatment. Boys threw nigger in canal for stealing ammunition. Sick parade this evening and turned in 9.30 p.m.

Saturday 1st April, 1916

Reveille 6 a.m. and on parade 6.45 a.m. for roll call and orders. Inspection by Major Welch at 9.15 a.m. and sick parade 9.30 a.m. Got our patients away on 10 a.m. hospital train to Ismailia. Should have left here this morning on march to Ismailia, but have to wait for more troops till tomorrow. Troops arrived about midday, only a few, knocked out and on sick parade. Went down with our horses at 3.45 p.m. to water. Few stragglers keep coming in. Got my kit ready to move off in morning. Had game of cards and turned in at 9 p.m. Sunday 2nd April, 1916

Reveille 6 a.m. on parade 6.45 a.m., roll call and orders of departure read out. Commenced packing at once. Contradictory orders flying round. Had to cut our breakfast in two and strike camp, sent patients to station, cleaned camp and marched out at 9.30 a.m. Very heavy going through sand most of first ten miles. Halted for dinner, bread, jam and tea at 1.30 p.m., rested till 4.30 p.m. when started out again for last five miles. Went single file along edge of canal, better going. Marched into Moascar Ismailia at 6.30 p.m. tired but in good spirits.

Monday 3rd April, 1916

Bivouaked last night, reveille 7 a.m., on parade for roll call at 7.30 a.m. and dismissed for breakfast. About 10 a.m. boys went swimming parade to Lake Timsak. I went with the horses, had good time swimming the horse and myself, feel much fresher. Back for dinner, had leave from 2 p.m. to 5 p.m. so took Harry into Ismailia and had look round, showing him the prettiest places. Had dinner, 5 eggs, potatoes and tomatoes for 5 Piastres (7/0 1/2d) before going back to camp for 5 p.m. parade when orders for our departure were read out. Been hot day. Bivouaked tonight at 8 p.m.

Tuesday 4th April, 1916

Reveille at 4.15 a.m., packed our blankets, loaded wagons and had breakfast at 5 a.m. Fell in on parade at 5.40 a.m. and marched out at 6 a.m. Very heavy marching nearly the whole way to Serapium which we reached about 11 a.m. and got to our camp across the Suez Canal about 2 miles at 11.30 a.m., absolutely dead beat, each step being up to tops of boots in loose sand and total distance about 12 to 14 miles. Am saturated with perspiration, my outer clothes also, ten minutes being longest rest we had. Had drink of tea and bully beef cold for dinner. Put up tents this afternoon and unloaded wagons. Turned in thoroughly done up at 8.30 p.m.

Wednesday 5th April, 1916

Reveille 6.30 a.m., on parade 7 a.m., roll call, orders and general fatigue till 8 a.m. After breakfast more fatigue, tent pitching etc. then fixed up our dispensary. After dinner fixed up two tents for hospitals, am in charge of tent division as Cpl. Chisholm is sick. Do not feel too bright today after yesterday's stiff march. Pretty hot again. Learned that during our 8 months on Gallipoli our corps

Page 124 attended to approximately 15,000 sick and wounded and that of this no. almost 8,000 were put through by our A. section. Have not had time to look round here yet. In bed 8.15 p.m., lights out 9 p.m.

Thursday 6th April, 1916

Reveille 5 a.m., on parade 6 a.m., roll call and orders then general fatigue. At 7 a.m. called out to attend at sick parade. More sick parades after breakfast then had to fix up hospitals to receive patients. Kept very busy till dinner time. Water (fresh) is very scarce here but managed a wash this morning. After dinner went to Canal about a mile and half away and had swim, very strong current running but enjoyed it. Have our hot meal at night 6 p.m. then wrote couple of hurried letters. Lights out 9 p.m.

Friday 7th April, 1916

Reveille 5 a.m., tea and hard biscuits at 5.30 a.m. and on parade 6 a.m. for roll call, orders and gargle, then on hospital duty. Still in charge of tent division so am kept very busy till dinner time. We had a couple of scraps of salt bacon for breakfast, tea, bread and jam for dinner and stew for tea. Have twelve patients in hospital today. Went for swim again this afternoon, weather very hot. After our 6 p.m. meal wrote a letter and had a yarn will lights out at 9 p.m.

Saturday 8th April, 1916

Reveille 5 a.m., on parade 6 a.m., roll call, orders and gargle then had to attend at sick parade, lot of venereal cases reporting. Up to my eyes in work till 8.45 a.m. when managed to snatch little breakfast. Kept just as busy till dinner time. Major Welch told me ought to have shave, have gone 2 days without one. Told him I would when I had time. If he had to do my work he wouldn't get a shave every day by any means, would have liked to have told him he had a damned cheek. Had swim this afternoon, this place no good except for the swim. Had read after tea and lights out 9 p.m.

Sunday 9th April, 1916

Reveille 5 a.m., on parade 6 a.m., roll call, orders and gargle then on hospital duty. Cpl. Chisholm resumed his duties in charge of tent division today so am relieved of some work. Cleaned up after breakfast for inspection by O.C. then gave out medicines, did dressings etc. New Capt. attached to our section today, Capt. Hill, seems jolly fellow. Cleaned up after dinner and then went for swim in Canal, two large ships passed through, one French transport mounting 7 guns. Did some writing after tea and in bed for lights out at 9 p.m.

Monday 10th April, 1916

Reveille 5 a.m. and on parade 6 a.m., roll call, orders and gargle. Attended at sick parade at 7 a.m., admitted several patients to hospital. Inspection by O.C. at 9.15 a.m. Col. Barber who is A.D.M.S. paid unexpected visit of inspection about 7.30 a.m. Dressings etc. this morning. After dinner wrote some letters till tea time. Hot day again but lot of Willy Nillys today making sand rise and almost choke us. Received couple of letters this evening. Made a Will tonight leaving everything to my Mother, Mrs. M. H. Lycett. Did some more writing tonight and in bed for lights out 9 p.m.

Tuesday 11th April, 1916

Page 125 Reveille 5 a.m., on parade 6 a.m., roll call, orders and gargle, then on hospital duty at 7 a.m. After breakfast at 8 a.m. cleaned up for inspection by O.C. at 9.15 a.m., then did dressings etc. Also did little washing this morning. Very dirty place this, never feel clean, hard to get sufficient water for washing. Cleaned up after dinner and off duty at 2 p.m. Did little writing this afternoon. Had friendly game of bridge after tea and quiet yarn till bed time and lights out at 9 p.m.

Wednesday 12th April, 1916

Reveille 5 a.m., on parade 6 a.m., roll call, orders and gargle, also compulsory wash out of water bottles with Pot. Permang. Cleaned up after breakfast for inspection by O.C. at 9.15 a.m., also inspected all our mess tins, knives, forks and spoons. Last night peculiar break out of pains in stomach amongst our men, suffered slightly myself, cause not yet known. Dressings etc. kept me busy till dinner time. After 2 p.m. was off duty. Tea at 6 p.m. Wrote letter but had to cut it short on account of violent wind and sandstorm. Light went out so turned in before lights out sounded.

Thursday 13th April, 1916

Slept splendid despite terrific wind until about 3.15 a.m. when a more violent Willy Nilly caught our tent and lifted it clean off us. Too windy to do anything so put my head under blankets and went to sleep till 5 a.m. reveille. Wind not so high this morning so after 6 a.m. parade managed to put our tent up again. After inspection and dressings which we bustled through Major Welch gave us lecture from 10 a.m. to 11.30 a.m. when wind suddenly rose again blowing terrible storm, sand like fog, hardly breathe, eyes sore, buildings and tents levelled like match boxes. 13th Batt. man run down by engine alongside our camp, light railway, his arm severely mauled. Wind dropped about 8 p.m.

Friday 14th April, 1916

Woke at 12.30 midnight by wind which had risen again, fortunately not quite so violent so went to sleep again. Reveille 5 a.m., on parade 6 a.m., roll call, orders and gargle and on hospital duty 7 a.m. Cleaned up after breakfast for inspection by O.C. at 9.15 a.m. then gave out medicines, dressings etc. Lecture by Major Welch at 11 a.m. till dinner time, subject bacteria. Off duty at 2 p.m. Received some letters today. Inoculated against Para-Typhoid at 5 p.m. Lieut. of 13th Batt. injured on thigh by bomb while at practice. Wind rising in squalls all day, disagreeable. Turned in 8.30 p.m.

Saturday 15th April, 1916

Reveille 5 a.m., on parade 6 a.m., roll call, orders and gargle. On hospital duty at 7 a.m. Inspection by O.C. at 9.15 a.m. then dressings, of which there are quite a number. Very busy till dinner time. No. of our men knocked out by inoculation, quite well myself. Off duty 2 p.m., pleasanter day so went for swim in Canal, several ships passed through, the "Orsova" being one, no passengers. Back for tea at 6 p.m. Heard some of our Light Horse captured 32 Turks and Austrian Officer 60 miles inland from here, our men went out to destroy Turkish outpost and well. Our casualties 1 killed, 2 or 3 wounded. Turned in 8.30 p.m.

Sunday 16th April, 1916

Reveille 5 a.m., on parade 6 a.m., roll call, orders and gargle. On hospital duty at 7 a.m. After breakfast cleaned up for inspection at 9.15 a.m. Orderly officer Capt. Hill inspected today, then went on with medicines, dressings etc. till dinner time. Off duty 2 p.m. so went to canal for swim, strong current

Page 126 running but enjoyed swim being hot day. Turkish prisoners taken by our Light Horse brought in today and sent on to Cairo. Spent evening reading and talking, turned in 8.30 p.m. Lights out 9 p.m.

Monday 17th April, 1916

Reveille 5 a.m., on parade 6 a.m., roll call, orders and gargle. Will be on night shift this week so have the day to myself. Inspection of tents at 9.15 a.m. by orderly officer Capt. Powell, vice our O.C. who have not seen for two or three days, probably on shikkar or getting over a shikkar. After dinner went for swim, very hot day, swim most welcome. An American steamer passed through canal, remarks to crew from crowd of bathers (Aust's) not very complimentary. Rumours of our embarkation in about a fortnight about today. Went on duty at 9 p.m. Things quiet.

Tuesday 18th April, 1916

Patients all quiet during night so wrote some letters. Wind rose a little about midnight but died away again. Hoisted A.M.C. flags at 5 a.m., took temperatures, swept out hospital tents and generally cleaned up. Off duty 7 a.m. After breakfast went down to canal and put the morning in swimming, pretty hot day. Some of our men up before medical board today. Had rest this afternoon till tea-time, and after tea did some more writing. A new Captain attached to our section Capt. Bentley. Played patience for an hour and went on duty 9 p.m.

Wednesday 19th April, 1916

After fixing things up for the night everything quiet, 25 patients in hospital but all slept well. Hoisted flags, took temperatures and cleaned up ready for day shift relieving us at 7 a.m. My brother Harry is on with me. Had breakfast and tent inspection by O.C. at 9.15 a.m. Had rest this morning till 11 a.m. when Major Welch gave us lecture till 12 noon. Gave orders for 3 Anzac Magazines to be sent home. Had sleep after dinner. Large number of medical details expected to arrive tonight, tents pitched for them today. Went on duty 9 p.m.

Thursday 20th April, 1916

Was very busy after going on duty last night, packing and arranging our panniers ready for active service, kept at it till 1 a.m. and spent rest of night writing letters. Hoisted flags 5 a.m., took temperatures and cleaned up hospital before going off duty at 7 a.m. 200 odd medical details arrived last night mostly straight from Australia. Inspection this morning of hospital and general ambulance equipment by A.D.M.S. Colonel Barber. Also Gen. Murray inspected the division while at their general training. Had swim this afternoon. Troopship of East Surreys passed on way to India. On duty 9 p.m.

Friday 21st April, 1916

Was very tired last night as had not had any sleep all day or night previously, so after fixing up patients none of who had much wrong with them, I turned in by the hospital and snatched a few hours sleep. Was up at 4.30 a.m. Hoisted flags at 5 a.m., took temperatures and cleaned up. Off duty at 7 a.m. It is Good Friday but no cessation of work on that account. After inspection of tents and lines by O.C. at 9.15 a.m. went for swim. Very hot day. After dinner had couple of hours sleep. Most of new details have been sent on to other ambulances. Very nice night. On duty 9 p.m.

Saturday 22nd April, 1916

Page 127 Very quiet night, no serious cases, so after fixing up for night, managed to get few hours sleep. Hoisted flags at 5 a.m., swept out and cleaned up hospital before going off duty at 7 a.m. Tent inspection by Capt. Hill at 9.15 a.m. O.C. away in Cairo. After inspection had couple hours sleep till dinner time. Very hot day again. This afternoon went to Canal for swim, back at 4.15 p.m. and at 5 p.m. was inoculated for last time at present against Para-Typhoid. Couple of hours reading after tea and went on duty at 9 p.m. Three or four pretty bad cases in tonight.

Sunday 23rd April, 1916

Had to sit up all night with the bad cases, one serious, suspected Cerebro-spinal meningitis. Did not cause much trouble, so wrote some letters to pass away the time. Hoisted flags at 5 a.m., took temperatures and cleaned up. Case not meningitis, much better this morning. Off duty 7 a.m. After breakfast had sleep till dinner time, weather very hot. After dinner went to Canal for swim, very nice, hundreds bathing. Spent evening reading and yarning and went on duty at 9 p.m.

Monday 24th April, 1916

Very quiet night, no one very sick so got few hours sleep. Hoisted flags at 5 a.m., took temperatures and cleaned up. Off duty at 7 a.m. Went for swim after breakfast. On duty at 2 p.m., afternoon shift this week. Did foments and dressings at 4 p.m., took temperatures, then did foments etc. again and gave out medicines at 5 p.m. Tea at 5.30 p.m. for 21 patients after which cleaned up and at 7.30 p.m. made cocoa for patients, washed up again and tidied, fixed up for the night and off duty at lights out 9 p.m.

Tuesday 25th April, 1916

Reveille 5 a.m. Anniversary of Gallipoli landing. On parade 6 a.m., orders, roll call and gargle. Ribbons given out for day by divisional orders to those entitled. Red for landing, blue for campaign. I received both. Could not attend Memorial Service at 6.30 a.m. Very sorry. Very hot day again. On duty 2 p.m., dressings, foments, med. etc., tea for patients 5 p.m. Old members of corps held dinner 4/- each, in honor of day, at 6.30 p.m. Old officers present, splendid dinner, very nice evening, toasts, speeches etc. O.C. said would be leaving for France within 2 weeks. Closed 10 p.m., lights out 10.15.

Wednesday 26th April, 1916

After extension of lights out last night and dinner, O.C. gave us extra hour in bed so reveille was at 6 a.m. and parade 7 a.m., roll call, orders and gargle. Terribly hot day, very hot wind almost scorching. Went on duty 2 p.m., dressings, foments, medicines etc. kept very busy all afternoon, 23 patients. Tea at 5 p.m. after which cleaned up, then dressings and medicines again. Made cocoa for patients 8 p.m., cleaned up and off duty at lights out 9 p.m. Had news today of small engagements with Turks few miles away, enemy slightly active.

Thursday 27th April, 1916

Reveille 5 a.m., on parade 6 a.m., roll call, orders and gargle, also had our water bottles washed out with Pot. Permanganate. Inspection of tents and lines by O.C. at 9.15 a.m. Between 6 a.m. and 11 a.m. could hear sounds of heavy firing both guns, machine-gun and rifle. Believe an engagement in progress between Ismailia and El-Kantara. On duty 2 p.m., dressings, medicines etc. and at 5 p.m. tea, dressings etc. again. Gave send off to Capt. Jeffries tonight, held smoke social in mess room. All officers present, some good speeches and good wishes to Capt. Jeffries. In bed, lights out 9 p.m.

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Friday 28th April, 1916

Reveille 5 a.m., on parade 6 a.m., roll call, orders and gargle. Breakfast 8 a.m. Very hot day again. Did some writing till dinner time. On duty 2 p.m., dressings, medicines etc. Medical inspection at 3.30 p.m. Did not go up for it as have been bit off colour few days. Spoke to Major Welch instead and after questioning me, ordered me off duty for a spell, till I feel right again. Am not really sick, laid my bed straight after tea and turned in. Lights out 9 p.m.

Saturday 29th April, 1916

Reveille at 5 a.m., parade at 6 a.m. Did not have to turn out as am off duty, so did not get up till 7 a.m. when aired my bed and after breakfast laid it again and lay on it, resting myself thoroughly. Inspection of tents and lines by Capt. Bentley at 9.15 a.m. Slept little before dinner, after dinner wrote a letter then lay on my bed reading till tea time. Received several letters this evening, read them then had game of cards and turned in about 8 p.m. Lights out 10 p.m.

Sunday 30th April, 1916

Stayed in bed again this morning till 7 a.m. Was going to start work today but Major Welch came to see me after I was in bed last night and told me to keep quiet again today and not to start work till he saw me again. After breakfast wrote letters till dinner time. Flies almost worried me, they are a perfect nuisance. Had lie down after dinner till 4 p.m. then read till tea time, 6 p.m. After tea did some more reading. Rumours afloat of our early departure.

Monday 1st May, 1916

Did not go on early morning parade, but had to be up as all tents struck to air ground. Saw Major Welch who told me to take things quietly for another day. At 9.30 a.m. general assembly called and official notification read out of the capitulation of Gen. Townsend and over 8,000 British and Indian troops in Mesopotamia. Gave hand in hospital on light duties till 2 p.m. then went for swim, water very warm and pleasant. Had game of cards before tea at 6 p.m. Rumoured leaving on 9th of this month for Ismailia to be fitted out for France. Had yarn and turned in early. Lights out 9 p.m.

Tuesday 2nd May, 1916

Reveille 5 a.m., on parade 6 a.m., roll call, orders and gargle. On hospital duty 7 a.m., did sick parade with Capt. Hill. Breakfast 8 a.m. and cleaned up for inspection by orderly officer Capt. Bentley. Major Welch spoke to all old hands of A. section, gave advice re conduct and reinforcements. Medicines, dressings etc. followed. Dinner 1 p.m., cleaned up, medicines and off duty 2 p.m. Warm day again. Inspection of infantry of our brigade this afternooon by General Godley. Had read till tea time. Writing after tea and in bed 9 p.m. lights out.

Wednesday 3rd May, 1916

Reveille 5 a.m., on parade 6 a.m., roll call, orders and gargle. On duty at hospital 7 a.m. Breakfast 8 a.m. then cleaned up for inspection at 9.15 a.m. by orderly officer Capt. James. Afterwards did dressings, foments etc. Dinner at 1 p.m. then cleaned up and off duty at 2 p.m. Spent afternoon writing, very hot and flies a pest. Tea at 6 p.m. and writing all evening. Various rumours floating round,

Page 129 supposed to be moving off to be equipped early next week at Ismailia, also supposed to be division of Turks marching on us here at Serapeum. Turned in 8.30 p.m.

Thursday 4th May, 1916

Reveille 5 a.m., on parade 6 a.m., orders, roll call and gargle. On duty 7 a.m. Breakfast 8 a.m. and cleaned up for inspection. Last night called out at 9 p.m., issued with field dressings, bandages and iron rations. Talk of Turkish advance on this post. Very busy with dressings etc. till dinner time. Off duty 2 p.m. and went for swim, water lovely, very hot day. News of French victory on western front. Five ships passed through canal while swimming. One Australian troops on board and one French colonials. Writing after tea and in bed 8.30 p.m., lights out 9 p.m.

Friday 5th May, 1916

Reveille 5 a.m., on parade 6 a.m., roll call, orders and gargle. On hospital duty 7 a.m. Breakfast 8 a.m. then cleaned up for inspection 9.15 a.m. Dressings, foments etc. followed after which did little washing. Very hot day. After dinner went down for swim, very enjoyable in the water, thousands in swimming, like holiday resort. Back for tea at 6 p.m. after which had read till 8 p.m. when Major Welch gave us lecture till 9.15 p.m. when we turned in.

Saturday 6th May, 1916

Reveille 5 a.m., on parade 6 a.m., roll call, orders and gargle. A C. section being added to our corps again, names of Officers, N.C.O.s and men allotted to it read out. Considered very unfair, all old hands passed over for promotion and men only just joined us given the billets. Hospital duty 7 a.m. Cleaned up after breakfast for inspection, dressings etc. followed, very busy till dinner time. Off duty 2 p.m., went for swim, large transport full Australian troops passed up canal. Wrote this evening and in bed 8.30 p.m.

Sunday 7th May, 1916

Reveille 5 a.m., on parade 6 a.m., roll call, orders and gargle. Hospital duty 7 a.m. Breakfast 8 a.m. and cleaned up for inspection at 9.15 a.m., afterwards doing dressings etc. Something in the air, orders given out at 9 a.m. no man to leave lines. Seem to be preparing for attack by Turks or movement against them. Off duty 2 p.m., got permission to go for swim. Very hot day, about 116 degrees in tent. Tea 6 p.m., got pass to go to Ismailia on duty in morning. Turned in 8.30 p.m.

Monday 8th May, 1916

Reveille 5 a.m., on parade 6 a.m., roll call, orders and gargle. On night shift this week. At 7.30 a.m. left camp and caught 9 a.m. train from Serapium to Ismailia, arrived about 9.40 a.m. Took me till 12.30 noon to get through my business and get stores etc. to station, then went into town and had good dinner. Caught 2.05 p.m. train Ismailia to Serapium. Transport met me on station and brought up stores I had got, arrived back in camp 6 p.m. after hard wearying day. Took things quietly after tea and had rest before going on duty 9 p.m.

Tuesday 9th May, 1916

Page 130 Had forty-three patients last night, none very sick so got few hours sleep. Took temperatures at 5 a.m. and swept out, cleaned and tidied tents before going off duty at 7 a.m. Went for swim after breakfast, very enjoyable, hot day, very powerful sun. Back for dinner and spent afternoon lying reading. Things very funny, supposed to be Turks hanging about but can't get to know anything definite, everyone wondering what is doing. Machine guns 30 yds from our tent fixed up on stands, ready to fire at enemy aircraft. On duty at 9 p.m., things quiet.

Wednesday 10th May, 1916

Had quiet night and managed to get few hours sleep, impossible to sleep in day time on account of heat and flies. Took temperatures at 5 a.m., swept out hospitals and cleaned up before going off duty at 7 a.m. After breakfast went for swim and stayed down at Canal till dinner time. After dinner had rest and lay reading most of afternoon. A very dull existence here, anxiously waiting orders to clear out. After tea had hand at cards, friendly games and went on duty at 9 p.m., beautiful night.

Thursday 11th May, 1916

Very quiet night again, sat up writing till midnight then had few hours sleep. Temperatures at 5 a.m., swept out and cleaned up generally. Off duty 7 a.m. After breakfast put morning in bathing, very hot day. Had rest after dinner. Inspection of our section by Capt. Bentley at 4 p.m. and general assembly at 5.30 p.m. Men allotted to different sections to complete strength of unit. Tea at 6 p.m., meat and cabbage absolutely uneatable. Were paid today. Reading after tea and went on duty at 9 p.m.

Friday 12th May, 1916

Had quiet night again, sat up writing till midnight then snatched sleep till 5 a.m. when took temperatures, swept out and cleaned and tidied hospitals. After breakfast went for swim, very hot day, stayed at Canal till dinner time. Paid this afternoon, had couple of hours sleep before tea, woke up wet through with perspiration. After tea had friendly game of cards till went on duty at 9 p.m. Things been very quiet again this last day or so. Turks in this vicinity supposed to have gone back again.

Saturday 13th May, 1916

Sat up writing again last night till midnight, nasty blowy night, sand flying about. Turned in midnight and had sleep till 5 a.m. when got through my work and had hospital fixed up before going off duty at 7 a.m. After breakfast went for swim. Hotter then ever today, real scorching. Back for dinner and all afternoon lay melting in the tent. On duty at 9 p.m. Rumoured today that we will be leaving here during coming week. Also rumours of French advance in Alsace. Awfully hot and sultry night.

Sunday 14th May, 1916

Very quiet again last night, but awfully close. Sat up writing till 11 p.m. then turned in, only 17 patients, none very sick. Took temperatures 5 a.m. and cleaned and tidied hospital tents. Off duty 7 a.m. After breakfast went for swim till dinner time, awfully hot day, about 110 degrees, nasty hot wind blowing fine sand which sticks to the wet skin. Awful sultry afternoon, lay in tent melting, absolutely wet through. On duty 9 p.m., expect to move during this week.

Monday 15th May, 1916

Page 131 Reveille 5 a.m., on parade 6 a.m., roll call, orders and gargle, tent division then dismissed. After breakfast went to Canal for swim, back for dinner 1 p.m. and on duty hospital 2 p.m. Dressings, medicines etc., very busy till 8 p.m. 27 patients, three or four pretty ill. Off duty 9 p.m. Been stifling hot day, temp. about 115 to 120 degrees in shade and about 170 degrees in sun, very hot wind, feel burnt up, many troops feeling heat pretty severe. Turned in 9.15 p.m.

Tuesday 16th May, 1916

Reveille 5 a.m., on parade 6 a.m., roll call, orders and gargle. General assembly at 9.30 a.m. and distinguishing colours, (chocolate circles to be sewn on arm) given out. Terribly hot day again, wind strong and scorching, almost unbearable. Will be glad to get away from here. Lay in tent all morning melting. On duty 2.30 p.m., medicines, dressings etc. Heat burst our thermometers which register 110 degrees. Impossible to get correct temp. of patients. Off duty 9 p.m. and turned in 9.15 p.m. A little cooler tonight.

Wednesday 17th May, 1916

Reveille 5 a.m., on parade 6 a.m., roll call, orders and gargle. After breakfast went for swim. Terribly hot day again. Strong hot wind and sand flying about awful. Dinner 1 p.m. On duty 2 p.m., about 25 patients. Dressings, foments, medicines etc. and general work. Tea at 5.15 p.m., after which washed up, tidied tents and fixed up for evening. Quite a number of our patients are simply malingering. Off duty 9 p.m. Hot night, lay outside tent till 11 p.m. when turned in to sleep.

Thursday 18th May, 1916

Reveille 5 a.m., on parade 6 a.m., roll call, orders and gargle. Slight decrease in temperature today but still very hot. After breakfast put in time till dinner time writing letters. Flies very annoying. On duty 2 p.m., usual round of work only more today as we have about 56 patients so were kept going continually. At 7 p.m. A and B section bearers with transport went out for march, back at 9 p.m. Little cooler again tonight. Turned in about 10.30 p.m.

Friday 19th May, 1916

Reveille 5 a.m., on parade 6 a.m., roll call, orders and gargle. Cooler wind blowing today making things little more pleasant. General Assembly at 9.30 a.m. with regards to shortage of kit and equipment. Put in for two or three things I am short of. Had not time to go for swim. On duty 2 p.m., medicines, dressings etc., kept going all afternoon. Tea at 5.15 p.m., cleaned up and did dressings again and off duty 9 p.m. Have about 56 patients today, been very busy. Turned in 9.15 p.m.

Saturday 20th May, 1916

Reveille 5 a.m., on parade 6 a.m., orders, roll call and gargle. Breakfast 8 a.m. after which went for swim, weather still pretty warm. Stayed at canal till dinner time, water lovely and warm. On duty 2 p.m., medicines, dressings etc., about 50 patients. Gradually being fully equiped for another move. Tea on at 5.15 p.m., after which cleaned up, which is one of biggest items. Foments, dressings etc. after tea then wrote a letter and off duty 9 p.m., turned in 9.15 p.m.

Page 132 Sunday 21st May, 1916

Reveille 5 a.m., on parade 6 a.m., roll call, orders and gargle. Breakfast 8 a.m. Inspection of tents and lines at 9.15 a.m. Spent morning going through my kit as expected kit inspection in day or two and taking from us any extra clothing or equipment we may have. Don't intend to lose mine. Also wrote a letter. On duty 2 p.m., very busy, dressings etc., about 45 patients. Tea 5.15 p.m., cleaned up, did dressings again and off duty 9 p.m. Turned in 9.15 p.m.

Monday 22nd May, 1916

Reveille 5 a.m., on parade 6 a.m., roll call, orders and gargle. On duty at hospital 7 a.m., breakfast 8 a.m., cleaned up for inspection 9.15 a.m., then did dressings, foments etc. Dinner 12.30 noon, cleaned up, gave medicines and off duty 2 p.m. Walked up canal this afternoon and visited scene of engagement with Turks last year. Turks tried cross canal in pontoons. Skeletons and bones lying about, numerous graves, also a grave with cross on canal bank of a German officer Major Von Dem Hagan, killed Feb. 4th, 1915. Had swim, back in camp and in bed 8.30 p.m.

Tuesday 23rd May, 1916

Reveille 5 a.m., up at once and cleaned tent out. Dressed in full uniform, riding breeches etc. Bearers fell in 6 a.m., full marching order. Cleaned hospital tents, got them spotless. Camp and men inspected at 6.30 a.m. by D.D.M.S. (Col. Wraith) and A.D.M.S. (Lt. Col Barber). I took charge at our hospital, everything good. Breakfast 8 a.m., washed up, did dressings etc. Dinner 12.30 noon, cleaned up, gave out medicines and off duty 2 p.m. Had rest this afternoon. Tea 6 p.m., spent evening reading and writing and in bed 8.30 p.m.

Wednesday 24th May, 1916

Reveille 5 a.m., on parade 6 a.m., roll call, orders and gargle. No officers or men to take cameras to France. On duty 7 a.m. Breakfast 7.30 a.m., cleaned up for daily inspection at 9.15 a.m. Medicines, dressings etc. till dinner time. Cleaned up after dinner and off duty 2 p.m. Was paid at 3 p.m. Spent rest of afternoon reading. Tea at 5 p.m. Bearers went out on divisional manouvres at 7.15 p.m. Tent division remained behind to look after patients. Wrote letters tonight, camp very quiet. Turned in 8.30 p.m. Lights out 9 p.m.

Thursday 25th May, 1916

Our bearers returned about 3 a.m. this morning having spent night on the desert manouvreing. Division practicing making night attack on Canal. No reveille this morning so did not get up till 6.45 a.m. On duty 7 a.m. Usual morning's routine. Capt. Hill told us would be away for France in a week's time. Off duty 2 p.m. Went for swim this afternoon, very strong tide. No letters can be posted after noon tomorrow. Bearers going out for manouvres again tonight. Very busy writing till lights out 9 p.m.

Friday 26th May, 1916

Reveille 5 a.m., on parade 6 a.m., roll call, orders and gargle. On duty at hospital 7 a.m. After breakfast cleaned up, did dressings etc. Inspection of lines at 9.15 a.m. Only seven patients left in hospital today. Managed to get swim before dinner. No letters can be posted after 12 noon today while we are here. Handed in our money to be changed to English money. Spent afternoon arranging my kit ready for our departure. Tea 6 p.m. and then sat reading till lights out 9 p.m.

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Saturday 27th May, 1916

Reveille 5 a.m., on parade 6 a.m., roll call, orders and gargle. On duty hospital 7 a.m. All our patients discharged or evacuated today. No. of out patients for dressings etc. Hospital tents taken down, packing up etc. till dinner time. Off duty 2 p.m. Compulsory parade 4 p.m. Officers, mounted, went with us and had rehearsal for a coming review and march past, under the eye of A.D.M.S. (Col. Barber). Neither Col. Barber, our own O.C. or officers know drill, awfully funny, like officer's instructional school. Off parade 6 p.m., had tea and lay reading till turned in 8.30 p.m.

Sunday 28th May, 1916

Reveille 5 a.m., on parade 6 a.m., roll call, orders and gargle. On duty 7 a.m., only dressings etc. to do. Parade again at 9.30 a.m., took blankets and clothes to railway and had them sterilized by steam in railway van. Dinner 1 p.m., parade again 2.30 p.m., took a blanket from us leaving us only one. Had a read then till tea time. After tea went to church service, held by one of our own fellows in mess hut. In bed 8.30 p.m., lights out 9 p.m.

Monday 29th May, 1916

Reveille 5 a.m., on parade 6 a.m., roll call, orders and gargle. Did few dressings before breakfast and cleaned lot of rubbish etc. from dispensary. After breakfast went for swim, water lovely, back for dinner. On parade at 3.45 p.m., whole division inspected by Gens. Murray, Godley and our divisional Gen. Cox. Review and march past. Grand sight, our corps was second on points for march past. Back in camp 6 p.m., tea, game of cards and in bed lights out 9 p.m.

Tuesday 30th May, 1916

Reveille 5 a.m., on parade 6 a.m., roll call, orders and gargle. Helped at sick parade at 7 a.m. At 7.30 a.m. loaded panniers and sent them away on limbers. After breakfast went for swim, water lovely, stayed till dinner time. After dinner had game of cards till 3 p.m. when on parade and handed in certain equipment, receiving web equipment in place of it. Fixed up new kit before tea at 6 p.m. Game cards after tea and in bed 8.45 p.m.

Wednesday 31st May, 1916

Reveille 5 a.m., on parade 6 a.m., roll call, orders and gargle. Fatigue work cleaning up camp till breakfast time 8 a.m. At 10 a.m. on parade and at 10.15 a.m. took our black kit bags to railway siding about 3 miles away. Had swim in canal on return journey. Dinner 12.30 noon. On parade 3 p.m., fatigue work, striking tents, cleaning up etc. Nothing for tea, only bread and jam at 5 p.m. Marched out 6 p.m., boarded train and started journey at 8.45 p.m. Open trucks and about 40 men in each truck. Very uncomfortable.

Thursday 1st June, 1916

After most weary journey, hardly had room to sit down and night chilly, we arrived at Alexandria at 5 a.m. and commenced to dis-entrain, having been 8 1/4 hours in the trucks. Went on board Dominion

Page 134 liner "Canada" and fixed up in cabins. I am in 6 berthed cabin, very comfortable. Fatigue work all morning loading our gear on ship. Other transports loading alongside us, the "S.S. Haverford" with C. section of our Amb. on board and the "Transylvania" with Headquarters on board, very busy scene. Very tired this afternoon and in my bunk again 8 p.m.

Friday 2nd June, 1916

Was up at 6 a.m. still alongside wharf. On parade on deck 6.30 a.m., orders read out. Breakfast 7 a.m. On parade again 9.30 a.m. Orders re fire alarm, submarine attack etc. read out and boat stations allotted, life belts given out, have to be worn continually. Left wharf and anchored in outer harbour at 9 a.m. Dinner 12 noon. Parade 2.30 p.m. Three men sent to hospital ashore with pneumonia, probably result of night ride in the open trucks. Turned in to my bunk at 8.30 p.m.

Saturday 3rd June, 1916

Pretty close below but slept well, up at 5.45 a.m., still at anchor. On parade 6.30 a.m., physical drill till breakfast at 7 a.m. Raised anchor and steamed out about 10 a.m. Inspection by O.C. of troops and ship's captain at 10.30 a.m. Dinner 12 noon. On parade again 2.30 p.m., physical drill till 3.15 p.m. Have to wear life belts all the time. Have 4.7 naval gun mounted astern and machine guns all round ship. Machine guns practising at noon. Patrol boats, mine sweepers etc. in sight all day. Tea 4.30 p.m. Passed mine-layer "Lily" about 6 p.m. Played cards and read after tea. In bed 9 p.m.

Sunday 4th June, 1916

Up at 6 a.m., washed and on deck for parade at 6.30 a.m., orders read out and dismissed. Fell in for church service 9.40 a.m. Splendid day, ship steaming very zig-zag course. Passed several light cruisers (British) also number of trawlers mine-sweeping. Other transports been in sight nearly all day. Passed island of Crete before dinner. Seems to be regular chain of cruisers and patrol ships the whole way, wonderful organization. Reading and playing cards. Saw several small islands. Church service 7.15 p.m. Turned in about 8.30 p.m.

Monday 5th June, 1916

Woke and got up 5.45 a.m., washed and on deck for parade 6.30 a.m., roll call, orders and dismissed. Breakfast 7 a.m. Parade again 9.30 a.m., physical drill till 10.15 a.m. General inspection of quarters by O.C. of troops and skipper at 10.30 a.m. Dinner 12 noon. On parade 3.15 p.m., physical drill till 4 p.m. Wireless message from Malta of naval battle in North Sea. Very heavy German losses supposed 12 ships sunk and 4 damaged. Machine guns had practice this afternoon. Ships in sight all day, eleven in sight at 7 p.m. Tucker not too good nor much of it. Turned in 9 p.m.

Tuesday 6th June, 1916

Up at 5.45 a.m., on parade 6.30 a.m., roll call, orders and physical drill till 7 a.m. Ship received wireless last night that enemy submarines had been seen E by N.E. of Malta, changed course and passed south of Malta instead of north of the island as intended, losing several hours. Saw coast of Malta. On parade 2.30 p.m., physical drill till 3.15 p.m. At 3.30 p.m. had submarine alarm for practice and fell in at boat stations. Chief mate going round seeing all correct. Our ship carries ample boats and rafts. Tucker slightly better today but not much. In bed 9 p.m.

Wednesday 7th June, 1916

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Up at 5.45 a.m. and on parade 6.30 a.m., roll call, orders and dismissed. Breakfast 7 a.m., then went on deck for couple of hours. On parade 9.30 a.m. and physical drill till 10.15 a.m. On parade again 10.30 a.m. while inspection of ship took place. Dinner 12 noon, parade 2 p.m. for orders and medical inspection. Had to hand black kit bags in by 3 p.m., mine nearly empty. Machine guns been practicing nearly all day, passed several vessels. Tea at 4.30 p.m. Wrote some letters tonight, expect reach port tomorrow. Turned in 9 p.m. Saw coast of Sardinia. Rumours of sinking of H.M.S. Hampshire and drowning of Lord Kitchener and staff.

Thursday 8th June, 1916

Up at 6 a.m., on parade 6.30 a.m., physical drill till 7 a.m. On parade 9.30 a.m., physical drill till 10.15 a.m. Ship inspection 10.30 a.m. Played cards till dinner time. Sighted coast of France about 12 noon, through my glasses could see houses and villages, caught sight of Marseilles about 2.15 p.m. Beautiful scene, looked real lovely. Anchored in outer harbour 3.30 p.m. Can see great viaduct on our port side and inner harbour and township on our starboard. Forts with huge guns on the magnificent hills round about and Church of the Golden Angel high over all else. Moved in and alongside wharf 10.15 p.m.

Friday 9th June, 1916

Very little rest last night, noise of unloading on deck above something awful. Up at 4.45 a.m. and had breakfast 6 a.m., then fixed up kit ready for dis-embarkation. Official news of Lord Kitchener's death. Commenced unloading about 8 a.m. Left our kits on deck and all morning man-hauling loaded limbers from wharf to railway about 1 1/2 miles away. Loaded gear on train during afternoon, had very solid day, could not get into Marseilles proper. Got aboard train, 30 in closed in truck, train started 4.45 p.m., passed round the great viaduct, lovely country. Lay down about 9 p.m.

Saturday 10th June, 1916

Did not get much sleep, rather cramped, but warm. Rained heavily and roof of truck leaked a little. Got up about 4.45 a.m. Scenery beautiful. Reached Lyons just before 7 a.m. Officials had hot water ready for tea and we had breakfast, leaving Lyons at 7.30 a.m. Our next stop was for dinner at 12.45 noon at a beautiful little place called Paray-le-Moniel. The people turned out, gave us great welcome, bringing flowers and strawberries for us. People all along line given us magnificent reception. Saw some German prisoners at work. Sunshine and showers all day. Lay down 9 p.m.

Sunday 11th June, 1916

Slept in my clothes last night as expected to reach Paris about 2 a.m. Very broken sleep on account of jolting. Up at 4.30 a.m. We branched off at a junction at this time, being about 10 miles from Paris, so did not see the capital. Red Cross ladies at a couple of stations stopped at this morning with coffee for us. Women doing all classes of men's work. Our great reception continued all along line. Had quarter of an hour at Amiens and arrived "Abbervale" at 6.30 p.m. Transferred our gear to other trucks, left 40 of our men behind. Had lemonade and cakes at Y.M.C.A. Train left 11 p.m.

Monday 12th June, 1916

Still travelling in brake van, got very little sleep, bitter cold and only one blanket. Passed through Boulogne and saw sea at 6.30 a.m. Couple of hours later passed by Calais. Train stopped for few minutes at St. Omer which used to be British Hdqrts. Arrived at Hazebrouk about 10.30 a.m., stayed

Page 136 few minutes, arrived at Bailleul which is almost on the Belgian border, at 12.10 noon. Disentrained, humbugged about for couple hours, then marched about eight miles back, raining steadily all time. Billetted 31 of us in old barn, went to village 2 miles away, got eggs for tea. Back and turned in early.

Tuesday 13th June, 1916

Slept well last night, straw covering floor of barn keeping us warm. Could hear heavy artillery fire in the distance last night and this morning. Awake at 7 a.m. and had some breakfast, still raining. We are only few miles from Lille and Armentiers. Germans held this part some time ago and some billetted in this barn. About 2 p.m. ordered to go as baggage guard on motor wagon to large farm 3 miles away near village called "Borre", arrived, unloaded wagons in another large barn, left our kits and had look round village. A number of refugees at this farm. Turned in about 8.30 p.m.

Wednesday 14th June, 1916

Slept splendid, did not get up till 8 a.m. No officer with us, still raining, awfully muddy. Spoke to man on farm, says he comes from "Lille", drove his cattle here when Germans came, 2 of brothers killed, one still at front. Another old lady lost 3 sons at Verdun. Rest of our men came today from farm near village called "Strageele". Got here about 10 a.m., all crowded into small barn. About 2 p.m. went for walk to town of Hazebrouk about 3 miles away. Fairly large place but very dull and quiet. Did not rain this afternoon but very dull. Back at billet 6 p.m., turned in 8 p.m.

Thursday 15th June, 1916

Reveille 6.30 a.m., on parade 7 a.m., roll call, orders, then went for march till 7.30 a.m. Hazebrouk put out of bounds by our O.C. and roll call at 6.15 p.m. Breakfast 8 a.m., had bacon. First cooked meal supplied since leaving boat. General fatigue at 10 a.m. till 12 noon. Inspection of billet 9.30 a.m. The corps now called "Meikles Circus", it is a real ragtime show. Officers had burst up yesterday among themselves, told O.C. he was no good, things very bad. Went to Strazeele at 2 p.m. in motor for rations etc. No jam or butter today, about dozen prunes instead, roll call altered to 7.30 p.m. Men very discontented, counted O.C. out and generally showed disapproval of treatment. Turned in 8 p.m.

Friday 16th June, 1916

Reveille 6.30 a.m., on parade 7 a.m., roll call and orders. Have five patients in today, so escaped route marches and did not have much to do. Major McGregor left us this morning on account of trouble with O.C. Sorry to lose him. After dinner handed in our web equipment and issued with leather equipment instead. A dozen or more of our aeroplanes been about today, usually in groups of four. Asked today to be transferred into bearer sub-division. Wrote letter yesterday for transfer to 3rd Fld. Coy. Eng. Squadron. About 20 aeroplanes, British, passed over this evening. Very heavy artillery fire tonight. On duty 8 p.m.

Saturday 17th June, 1916

Had six patients, stayed up till 12.30 midnight. Artillery firing just like continuous roll of thunder. Turned in about 12.30 midnight, handy to patients, and slept till 6 a.m. Off duty 7 a.m. Hospital just corner of barn covered with straw. Men getting very discontented. Tucker bad, not much of it. O.C. can't trust the privates so have to be at billet at 7.30 p.m. every night, all other units have till 9 p.m. Took some shirts to be washed this morning. Had sleep after dinner, went up the lane about 4 p.m. to a cottage and had some eggs and chip potatoes. At billet at 6.30, on duty 8 p.m.

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Sunday 18th June, 1916

Sat up writing till 12 midnight, only four patients a bit off colour. Artillery fire does not sound so heavy tonight. Up again 5.30 a.m. Sound of guns in direction Ypres heavier this morning. General leave from midday till 9 p.m. Six of us went to Hazebrouk though it is out of bounds, had good look around, old place and very quiet. Majority of people in mourning. Had a good feed of chips and eggs, enjoyed it thoroughly. Saw a dirigible airship pass over town, could not see what kind, at a very great height. Returned back to camp at 8.30 p.m. and went on duty.

Monday 19th June, 1916

Only three patients, not very sick, so turned in at 11 p.m. Up at 5.30 a.m. It is very chilly yet in early morning and at night. Had nothing to do this morning so sauntered along lane, very nice after Egypt. Weather nice last couple of days but not reliable. Had sleep after dinner till 4 p.m. then yarned time away till tea-time. Hear we may be moving about a dozen miles or so tomorrow. After tea strolled about round farm, another patient arrived about 7 p.m. Tattoo roll call at 7.30 p.m., most of B section missing. On duty 8.30 p.m.

Tuesday 20th June, 1916

Things quiet so turned in 10.30 p.m. last night. Up at 5.30 a.m. Hear that several German aeroplanes dropped about 40 bombs near Hazebrouk about 2 a.m. this morning, all fell in paddock, no damage at all. Members of B. section up this morning, being out last night, about 30 of them, stayed out on account of O.C.'s restrictions. No sentence passed yet. One of B. section arrived today, fell out of train outside Marseilles, no one knew. Did little washing today. Very quiet, one or two of our aeroplanes about. Walked to village of "Borre" about 5 km and had eggs for tea. Back at billet for tattoo at 7.30 p.m. Lovely night, turned in 9 p.m.

Wednesday 21st June, 1916

Cleared patients away yesterday afternoon. Reveille 6.30 a.m., on parade 7 a.m., breakfast 7.30 a.m. then packed and cleaned up and on parade 8.45 a.m. Marched out in full marching order 9 a.m. Proceeded through Borre, Strazeele and town of Bailleul. Billetted at farm about 2 miles past Bailleul, arrived at 1 p.m. Huts for hospitals. Set to and cleaned them out after dinner. Given one of huts to sleep in for present, ten of us. Aerodrome not far from us, our aeroplanes flying about by the dozen, enemy shelled them heavily but ineffectively. Turned in about 8 p.m. March was about 12 miles. Thursday 22nd June, 1916

Up at 6.30 a.m. and on parade 7 a.m., roll call and orders. Breakfast 8 a.m., sick parade followed, three of our own chaps in as patients, several dressings to be done three times daily. One of our chaps sent away queried pneumonia. Did little washing this morning and fixed up huts ready for patients. After dinner did bit of carpentering in dispensary, table and shelves for bottles. Been lovely day, our aeroplanes very busy, drove enemy plane away this morning. Artillery booming at intervals. Did some writing after tea. In bed 8 p.m.

Friday 23rd June, 1916

Up at 6.30 a.m., on parade 7 a.m., roll call and orders. Breakfast 8 a.m. Only three patients. Sick parade, dressings etc. Fatigue work, cleaning round huts etc. till dinner time. Three new patients

Page 138 arrived after dinner, sent two of them on to stationary hospital after tea, one queried diphtheria, other a contact. Heavy rain came on this afternoon, so stayed in hut and played cards. Still showery after tea, so played friendly game of cards again till bedtime 8.30 p.m.

Saturday 24th June, 1916

Up at 6.30 a.m., on parade 7 a.m., breakfast 8 a.m. Sick parade and dressings 9 a.m. and little fatigue work. Rained fairly heavy most of morning. Dinner 11.45 a.m. today and at 12.30 noon paraded and marched about 5 miles through "Steenwerk" where we were put through a trench with our respirators on. The trench was full of Chlorine gas. Also had sample of crying gas. All went well. Arrived back at billet 5.30 p.m., had tea, then game of cards and in bed 9 p.m.

Sunday 25th June, 1916

Up at 6.30 a.m., on parade 7 a.m., roll call and orders. After breakfast attended patients and dressings. 13 patients today, none serious, having easiest time have had since been away. Saw several German observation balloons this morning. Our aircraft very busy, as many as 20 being in sight at once. Went for walk into Bailleul this afternoon, fairly large but sleepy place, had tea at Y.M.C.A. Back at billet at 8 p.m. Seven motor ambulances arrived this afternoon for our corps. Turned in 9 p.m.

Monday 26th June, 1916

Up at 6.30 a.m., went straight on duty. Took temperatures and cleaned up hospital huts, then off duty till 2 p.m. Spent morning writing letters. On duty 2 p.m., did foments, dressings etc., had game of cards and at 4.30 p.m. took temperatures again. Got tea for patients, 14 of them, at 5 p.m. and did foments etc. again at 6 p.m. Our aircraft very active tonight. Could see five German observation balloons up, about 9 of our planes went up shortly after 8 p.m. and at 8.45 p.m. two of the enemy balloons came down on fire. Could see our planes up above, had evidently attacked balloons and succeeded in destroying two at least. Enemy shelled our planes heavily.

Tuesday 27th June, 1916

Up at 6.30 a.m., on parade 7 a.m., roll call and orders. Breakfast 8 a.m. Inspection of camp and billets at 10 a.m. by A.D.M.S. Heavy rain at intervals all day, everywhere up to the knees in mud. Had game of cards just before dinner. On duty 2 p.m., did foments, dressings etc. Sixteen patients in today, not much trouble as none very sick. Got tea for them at 5 p.m. and did foments again at 6 p.m. Just after tea I noticed some fish in small pool in front of our hut, so we made a net and succeeded in catching a couple of very nice tench. Turned in 9 p.m.

Wednesday 28th June, 1916

Up at 6.30 a.m. and on parade 7 a.m., roll call and orders. Rained heavily during night, still raining this morning. Nothing much doing so played friendly game of bridge till dinner time. On duty 2 p.m., did foments and dressings. At 4.30 p.m. took temperatures and tea at 5 p.m. Foments again 6 p.m. after which started fishing in the pool by our hut, caught couple of nice tench. Raining off and on all day, fairly cold. Motor transport very busy, passing along road in front of billet. Turned in 9 p.m.

Thursday 29th June, 1916

Page 139 Up 6.30 a.m., on parade 7 a.m., roll call and orders. Breakfast 8 a.m. At 10.30 a.m. had to go with motor ambulance to Erquingham which lies between here and Armentiers. Had nice ride about 10 miles and arrived at 4th Brigade H'dqrts. Erquingham looks battered about a bit. Most of windows broken, shell holes in houses and doors and walls chipped with bullets. Went to Telegraph and signal office which is underground in an old cellar, very stuffy. Back at billet for dinner and on duty 2 p.m. Same routine as yesterday, only nine patients. Raining again tonight. In bed 9.30 p.m.

Friday 30th June, 1916

Up at 6.30 a.m. and on parade 7 a.m., roll call and orders. Was awake about 4 a.m. and could hear big guns, I think they were ours, bombarding furiously, like solid continuous roll of thunder. At 9 a.m. received orders evacuate patients and be ready to move at 4 p.m. Packed up drugs, instruments and stores, also our kits. Just after dinner got word not moving till morning. Paid this afternoon and received letter from home. Played cards till tea time. Our planes very busy this evening, about 20 hovering over German lines. Enemy fired hundreds of shells at them, did not see any hit. Turned in 9 p.m.

Saturday 1st July, 1916

Reveille 6.30 a.m., on parade 7 a.m., breakfast 7.30 a.m. At 7.45 a.m. fell in in full marching order and at 8 a.m. marched out. Went about 9 miles to our new position which is about 2 miles past Erquingham and about 2 1/2 miles from firing line. Billetted at a brewery which is still working, brewing part out of bounds to us. This place is called Fort Rompu. Arrived about 11.30 a.m. and general fatigue work took up rest of day. Fine hospital here and not bad quarters. We are about 6 miles from Neuve Chapelle. Turned in tired out at 9 p.m.

Sunday 2nd July, 1916

Our guns bombarded furiously last night, the building we are billeted in shook as if going to come down. Our troops raided section of enemy's trenches successfully. Up at 6.30 a.m., on parade 7 a.m. B. section doing night duty this week and my section (A) on day duty. On duty 8 a.m. 19 slightly wounded cases came in during night and 1 serious one. Cleared patients to C.C.S. at 11 a.m. Splendid day. Saw W. Hill yesterday and today, had tea together, looking fine. Our planes very busy. Turned in 9 p.m. Shrapnel from anti-aircraft guns fell on our billet this evening.

Monday 3rd July, 1916

Up at 6.30 a.m., on parade 7 a.m., roll call and orders. Heavy guns going all night, shake our billet like an earthquake. On duty 8 a.m. About 20 wounded brought in during night, evacuated them this morning and did sick parades etc. Our boys made another raid on enemy's trenches last night. News of British and French offensive further south, very good. Beautiful day, aeroplanes fairly active. Rather quiet this afternoon, so did some writing. About 9 p.m. our guns started firing heavily again. In bed 9.30 p.m.

Tuesday 4th July, 1916

Up 6.30 a.m., on parade 7 a.m., on duty 8 a.m. About 40 or 50 wounded came in during night and about dozen more between 8 and 9 a.m. One man died. Enemy made raid on our trenches last night, one of our Batt., 14th, caught it pretty hot, but enemy while returning to own trenches, caught with enfilade fire from N. Zeal. troops and terribly punished. Very busy all morning. After dinner went with

Page 140 Capt. Furber to Bac. St. Maur to arrange about operation for appendix on young woman. Back for tea. Very quiet tonight so turned in 8.30 p.m.

Wednesday 5th July, 1916

Up at 6.30 a.m., on parade 7 a.m., roll call and orders. Very busy all morning getting instruments and dressings etc. ready for operation this afternoon. Left billet in motor with all necessary things and one of our chaps to help me at 1.30 p.m. for Bac. St. Maur. Sterilized and arranged instruments and room ready. Capt. Furber and 3 others of our officers arrived 3.45 p.m. and operation commenced about 4.15 p.m. finishing successfully and without a hitch about 6 p.m. Cleaned up and packed away all our gear and left for billet in motor about 7 p.m. Capt. Furber complimented and was very pleased with my work. Very tired, turned in 8.30 p.m.

Thursday 6th July, 1916

Awakened by our gas guard at 12.30 midnight, had to don our gas helmets as enemy had discharged gas up "Plug St" way. Sat with helmets on till about 1.30 a.m. then took them off and went to sleep again. Wind took the gas past us without it getting over as far as us. Up again 6.30 a.m., on parade 7 a.m., roll call and orders, on duty 8 a.m. Cleaned and packed away instruments used yesterday during this morning. Very quiet all day till 6 p.m. when enemy put few shells over us and all round our billets without hitting them. Our O.C. very much perturbed. Turned in about 9 p.m.

Friday 7th July, 1916

Awakened 12 midnight, enemy letting gas loose again, had to sit with our gas helmets on till 12.40 a.m. Gas did not reach us. Up at 6.30 a.m., on parade 7 a.m., roll call and orders, on duty 8 a.m. Dull wet day again. Good news of British and French offensive further south. Sick parade etc. during morning and this afternoon did a little writing. Very few wounded coming in. Linton Lethlane of 2nd. Eng. came to see me this afternoon, looks well and is a Warrant Officer. Turned in about 8.30 p.m.

Saturday 8th July, 1916

Up at 6.30 a.m. and on parade 7 a.m., roll call and orders. Breakfast 7.30 a.m. and on duty at 8 a.m. Very little doing, better day today, sky cleared this afternoon and aeroplanes were about. Did some washing after dinner. Still good news of our offensive in Somme region. Received orders this afternoon to be ready to move off at two hours notice, don't know where we are going. Evacuated our few patients. Rather quiet this evening, enemy shelled our planes, did not see any effect. Turned in 8.30 p.m.

Sunday 9th July, 1916

Up at 6.30 a.m., on parade 7 a.m., roll call and orders. On duty 8 a.m., fair number of slight cases in this morning, many others arrived during day, evacuated them all. Obtained pass to visit Armentiers this afternoon, it is about 3 1/2 miles away. Large town, suffered severely from shell fire and is periodically shelled yet. Fine large church in utter ruin, had look inside, people still remain in most of houses and shops open. Bought 2 souvenir brooches. Saw 6 enemy planes over town, quickly driven off. Back at billet 6.15 p.m. and in bed 8.30.

Monday 10th July, 1916

Page 141 Reveille 6.30 a.m., on parade 7 a.m., roll call and orders. On duty 8 a.m., sick parade etc., one or two slightly wounded came in this morning. Very busy all morning, when not attending other duties packing our drugs and medical stores. Finished and loaded on wagon by dinner time. This afternoon very quiet so played cards, cannot post letters till after we have moved. Tea at 5.30 p.m. After tea stood talking and watching enemy shell our aeroplanes which seem busy tonight. Turned in 9 p.m.

Tuesday 11th July, 1916

Reveille 5.45 a.m. and on parade 6.15 a.m., roll call and orders and steel helmets issued to all of us. Evacuated patients who came in during night then proceeded to farm halfway between "Erquingham" and "Bois-Grenier", arrived dinner time and awaited orders. Could see enemy's shrapnel bursting about mile away. Our artillery very active, guns close to us. Stood ready till 5 p.m. when marched out without tea and kept going till 8 p.m. when we arrived at farm at Stenje, few miles from Bailleul, having done about 15 miles today. Had bread and jam and drink of water and turned in in a loft, dead tired.

Wednesday 12th July, 1916

Woke at 7.30 a.m. and on parade 8 a.m., instructions issued for us to stand ready to move at any minute, while waiting to rest as much as possible. Had parade again and had our gas helmets inspected at 10 a.m. then had walk up the road. Very dull day, saw couple of our aeroplanes up. After dinner lay down and slept till 4 p.m. Very quiet after tea, rained a little, just stood yarning about the fine country. Rumours of early departure in morning so turned in 8 p.m.

Thursday 13th July, 1916

Slept in my clothes last night as did not know what time turning out. Roused at 4.30 a.m. Breakfast 5 a.m. and marched out at 6 a.m. Arrived at siding (Rly) at Bailleul West at about 7.30 a.m. having done about 4 miles. Entrained in brake vans and moved away at 10.30 a.m. Arrived at "Doullens" in the Somme valley about 3.45 p.m. Marched from station at 5 p.m. and arrived at "Surcombes" at 1 a.m. close to "Domart", having marched since 5 p.m., somewhere close on 20 miles. My tucker for the day was little bacon and bread at 5 a.m., at 10 a.m. one small piece bread and butter, about 2 p.m. dry bread and at 6.30 p.m. two pieces bread, jam and cheese.

Friday 14th July, 1916

Arrived at large farm and chateau about 1 a.m. and billetted, getting to bed about 1.45 a.m. thoroughly tired out and hungry. Slept sound until 10.30 a.m. when got up, washed and shaved which I needed very badly and had cup of tea. Had look round before dinner. The Chateau is a fine old place, the country round about lovely with a very small straggling village about a mile away. We are about 15 miles from firing line, but expect to move on again at any moment. Wrote a letter this afternoon and after tea took a stroll in one of the woods. Turned in at 8.30 p.m.

Saturday 15th July, 1916

Up at 7.30 a.m. and breakfast at 8 a.m., cleaned up our billet and parade and general inspection at 10 a.m. Heard that British and French have met with considerable more success in their offensive along the Somme. The name of our present billet is the "Chateau de la Haye". Given permission to go and pick red currants in the garden for ourselves which we readily did. Lay out on lawn this afternoon and wrote a letter. After tea we held a concert among ourselves on lawn in front of Chateau and spent a very nice and enjoyable evening. Turned in about 9 p.m.

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Sunday 16th July, 1916

No early morning parade again so did not get up till 7.30 a.m. and breakfast at 8 a.m. Expect to move today so packed up and got everything prepared. Had dinner early and paraded and marched out about 1 p.m. Got about 400 yards down road when motor stopped us with orders to return and stay at billet Chateau de la Haye till further notice. Took a walk about 2.30 p.m. to a village about 2 miles away called "Brucamps", had tea, eggs and bread and butter then back to camp. Very good concert tonight. Madame and some friends attended. Turned in about 9.30 p.m.

Monday 17th July, 1916

Reveille at 7.30 a.m. and breakfast 8 a.m. Rained all night and dull and wet this morning. Colonel who has been away this last two days returned last night. Had very quiet morning. After dinner some mail arrived and I received four letters. News rather scarce just now, but what little we get is all in our favour. Played cards most of afternoon. After tea we were unexpectedly paid. Bought couple of postscard views of the Chateau and had a yarn before turning in about 8.30 p.m.

Tuesday 18th July, 1916

Rumours about last night that we were to be up at 4.30 a.m. to get away early, but did not come off, so lay in bed till 7.30 a.m. and breakfast at 8 a.m. On parade 9.30 a.m. and had our gas helmets inspected after which had game of bridge on the lawn. Able to post letters today for first time since been here. After dinner I watched our section (A) play C. section at Rugby football, was very unscientific but funny to watch and ended in a pointless draw. Had walk up lane this evening and in bed 8 p.m. Wednesday 19th July, 1916

Some of chaps came home last night late, the worse for drink, and made lot of noise. Reveille 7.30 a.m. and breakfast 8 a.m. Parade ordered at 10 a.m., roll call and orders. In future reveille to be at 7 a.m., parade 7.15 a.m. and route march till 8 a.m., also all men to be inside billet by 10 p.m., result of row last night. Could hear artillery booming heavily in the distance this morning. Parade at 4.45 p.m., returned one of our smoke helmets and received better style. Wrote letter and in bed 8 p.m.

Thursday 20th July, 1916

Reveille 7 a.m. but was up and washed half hour before. On parade 7.15 a.m., roll call, orders and went for route march till 8 a.m. in direction of St. Omer. At 10 a.m. Capt. Furber gave us lecture on fractures and their treatment till dinner time. Gen. Cox looking round this afternoon. Six patients arrived which we have kept, rumoured we are to be divisional rest station which is pretty rotten. Artillery going this evening long way off. Had game of cards and in bed 9 p.m.

Friday 21st July, 1916

Was up at 6.30 a.m., washed and shaved before reveille at 7 a.m. and on parade at 7.15 a.m., roll call and orders. Did not go on route march this morning as have half dozen patients to attend to. At 10 a.m. Capt. Furber continued his lecture till dinner time on fractures and their treatment. Could hear big guns rolling today again. Nothing doing this afternoon again so played cards on the lawn. Beautiful day but time getting very monotonous. Smoked and yarned after tea till turned in 9 p.m.

Page 143 Saturday 22nd July, 1916

Reveille 6.45 a.m. and on parade 7.15 a.m., roll call and orders. Still got six patients in hospital but during day sent four to Casualty Clearing Station. Lecture at 10 .m. by Capt. Furber, same subject, very interesting. After dinner settled down and wrote couple of letters. Saw largest British aeroplane I have seen yet fly over our billet today. Guns booming heavily in distance at intervals. Beautiful day. Turned in 9 p.m.

Sunday 23rd July, 1916

Reveille 6.45 a.m. and on parade 7.15 a.m. Only two patients today. Beautiful day. Cleaned up for inspection of billet by O.C. and then played cards on lawn till dinner time. After dinner wrote letters till tea time. Aeroplane went over again, one of our latest Farman battle planes. Could hear guns booming at intervals but cannot get much news. Various rumours as to our staying here. After tea had sing-song, yarned and turned in 9 p.m.

Monday 24th July, 1916

Reveille 6.45 a.m. and on parade 7.15 a.m. Went for route march till 8 a.m., then breakfast. Very quiet day, sent our two patients away to C.C.S. and did an odd dressing or two for some of our own chaps. Played cards afterwards till dinner time. After dinner did some washing. About 4 p.m. received orders to be ready to move sometime tomorrow. After tea loaded the panniers we had been using on G.S. wagon. Guns booming. Heard rumour some Aust.'s have had it hot. Turned in 9 p.m.

Tuesday 25th July, 1916

Reveille 6 a.m., breakfast 6.30 a.m. Got kits together, cleaned up billets and on parade in full marching order at 7.15 a.m. Little odds and ends to attend to and moved away at 8 a.m. Passed through St. Omer and went almost due east just inclining slightly to south. Marched till 12 noon when we halted for dinner, having done just 12 miles. Started again at 2.30 p.m. Just as finished another 4 miles met Gen. Cox who complimented us on our march. Came to the end of our journey for today at 5.15 p.m. when we reached "Herrisant" having done 20 miles. Carried my full pack all the way. Had wash and clean up, tea and turned in about 8 p.m. pretty tired.

Wednesday 26th July, 1916

Had restless night, slept in old barn on straw, not too clean, and in the main street. Motor supply wagons, horses and men helped to keep me awake, but mainly I think I was over tired as all night my body ached and could not sleep. Up at 7 a.m. and after breakfast did little fatigue work, cleaned billet etc., surroundings of which are filthy. Fixed up a temporary dressing station in a school room. Had quiet afternoon, place full of troops, British and Aust. Had concert tonight. Heavy bombardment proceeding. News of Russian success in Armenia. Turned in 9 p.m.

Thursday 27th July, 1916

Was soon sound asleep last night. Awakened at 3 a.m. by N.C.O. Told special despatch arrived for us to move off this morning. Up at 5.45 a.m., breakfast 6.45 a.m., packed our kits and moved off at 9 a.m. following the 4th Brigade towards the firing line. Halted and had dinner in field at 12 noon having done about 5 miles. Went on again, 2 p.m. another 1 1/2 miles to "Warloy-Baillon" and billeted at farm. Cemetery alongside us opened few days ago, about 400 buried already. Saw about 20 Aust.'s buried.

Page 144 Guns booming fiercely. Saw remnants of 1st Brigade arrive back from "Poseries" which we have taken. Place full of troops. Turned in 10 p.m.

Friday 28th July, 1916

Slept well and up at 6.30 a.m., on parade 7.15 a.m., roll call and orders. After breakfast gas helmet inpsection at 9.30 a.m. after which did some washing. Troops here in great spirits, boys from trenches bringing back German helmets and trophies galore. All seem to consider the Germans utterly beaten. Aeroplanes very active and guns going like a continuous roll of thunder. First, 2nd and 3rd field Amb. suffered heavily, prospect of us going forward tomorrow. This place like a hive, motor cycles, cars and wagons of all kinds going for all they are worth. Received notice to be ready to go further up, stood by till 10 p.m. when turned in.

Saturday 29th July, 1916

Reveille 6.30 a.m., on parade 7.15 a.m., roll call and orders. Breakfast 8 a.m. Spent morning watching our aeroplanes and observation balloons, big guns not going so heavily today. After dinner had walk up the street to see what was doing. Ambulances bringing in wounded from last night's charge. Believe 2nd division got it pretty hot. Just before tea our stretcher bearers received word to be ready to go out but order cancelled. I made application tonight for transfer to Batt. at Regimental Medical detail. 15 balloons and innumerable planes of ours up tonight. Turned in 9 p.m.

Sunday 30th July, 1916

Was up at 6 a.m., washed, shaved and cleaned up before breakfast at 7.30 a.m. At 8.30 a.m. went to other end of village and took over 1st field amb. dressing station, working as C.C.S. in grounds of large house. Had lot of cleaning up to do and had good number of wounded in to fix up, mostly 2nd division men. Kept very busy till 8 p.m. when B. section took over from us for the night. Very amusing to hear our officers who have not done field work before discussing how it should be done. They have lot to learn, but we have to suffer while they learn. Turned in 9 p.m.

Monday 31st July, 1916

Up at 6.30 a.m., breakfast 7.30 a.m. and on duty 8 a.m. Had no fresh wounded in up to dinner time but were kept busy and buffetted from pillar to post by our officers who want the place fixed up as though for a garden party. Our corps has absolutely no organization at all and our officers who should be striving to hold the men together are instead, fostering a spirit of jealousy between sections. All our officers are at loggerheads with each other. Got our first gas patients about 4.30 p.m., three machine gunners gassed by gas shell, worked hard at them till 9 p.m. but all died, did all we could. Doctors say new kind of gas, not chlorine. Had tea 9.15 p.m. and turned in 10 p.m. Had to sleep under bushes last night.

Tuesday 1st August, 1916

Slept in bushes again last night, but had rotten night, woke about 1 a.m., did not get to sleep again till 3 a.m. and was awake again 4.30 a.m., lay till 6 a.m. and got up. Guns booming all night. On duty 8 a.m. looking after couple of tents of wounded, get fresh cases and evacuate to C.C.S. as fast as they arrive. Passed about 40 cases through today. This afternoon four German planes flew over, heavily shelled by our anti-aircraft guns but apparently got away. Cleared all patients this evening, expect our troops to attack tonight and inrush of wounded tomorrow. Off duty 9 p.m., turned in 10 p.m.

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Wednesday 2nd August, 1916

Orders issued last night, no man to sleep in hospital grounds. Billets allotted as are 20 minutes walk away, filthy and alive so slept over way in an orchard. Up 6.30 a.m. and on duty 8 a.m. No attack last night so not many wounded in today. At 10 a.m. was told off to attend a badly wounded officer, looked after him till 4 p.m. and went back to my other duties. Heard that 2 of German planes that flew over yesterday were caught by our planes and brought down. Heavy artillery firing started about 7.45 p.m. Wonder if start of another advance. Off duty at 8 p.m. and turned in about 9.30 p.m.

Thursday 3rd August, 1916

Terrific bombardment by our guns all night till about 5 a.m. this morning when they eased a bit. Up at 6 a.m. and on duty 8 a.m. Fairly busy morning, most of wounded who arrived belonged to 4th Pioneer Batt. The officer I nursed yesterday (Capt. Ward 23rd Batt.) died before midnight. After dinner things were very quiet. Our aeroplanes very active. Had half a dozen wounded in after tea, not dangerous. Off duty 8 p.m. Wrote till it was too dark to see and turned in about 9.30 p.m. Our guns started bombarding heavily again about 9.45 p.m.

Friday 4th August, 1916

Our guns went heavily most of night but eased off somewhat about 5 a.m. Up at 6 a.m. and on duty 8 a.m. Had fair No. of wounded in this morning, some very severe. Learned from these men that Tommies had taken two trenches from Fritz last night to the right of our position, and that Fritz seemed annoyed and was shelling somewhat indiscriminately. Much quieter after 2 p.m. so padded lot of splints ready in case of rush of casualties. Received four letters today. Off duty 9.15 p.m., several patients arriving late. Artillery started about 9.15 p.m. In bed 9.45 p.m.

Saturday 5th August, 1916

Heavy bombardment during night, sky all aglow. Called out at 2.30 a.m., big rush of wounded. Our boys attacked at 9.28 p.m. last night and captured enemy trenches. Going for my life all day, snatched hurried breakfast at 10.15 a.m., dinner 3 p.m. and tea about 8 p.m., not a minute to spare. Had about 40 wounded Germans in, but attended our own boys first. Kept at it till 11.25 p.m. when rush was over. Absolutely tired out. Most wounds caused by high explosive shell, very few from rifle bullets. Turned in about 12 p.m.

Sunday 6th August, 1916

Up 6.30 a.m. and on duty 8 a.m., steady flow of wounded all day including about dozen Germans. Our section treated nearly 300 wounded yesterday and up to tonight the Amb. has passed through just about 700 wounded. Kept busy all day but not rushed like yesterday. Managed to get my meals better. Our troops beat off enemy counter attacks and are still holding captured position. Had to personally dress wounds of several of enemy. Our bearers went out last night. Off duty 9.30 p.m. and turned in 10 p.m.

Monday 7th August, 1916

Page 146 Up at 6.30 a.m. and on duty 8 a.m. Fairly quiet first part of morning but about 10 a.m. wounded started coming in and kept us going steadily along till 6 p.m. when eased off again. Heavy artillery firing during this afternoon. Two of B. Section of our Amb. bearers wounded during night. Lieut. Jacka, Aust. first V.C., came through wounded today. Our boys having very hot time from enemy guns. Managed to get a bath this evening. Fairly quiet after 6.30 p.m. for us but guns going heavily. Turned in 9 p.m.

Tuesday 8th August, 1916

Up at 6.30 a.m., on duty 8 a.m., first job I had was to dress a French boy's hand which had been badly shattered by a bomb in a fire, he was about 14 years old. At 11 a.m. went in motor ambulance to divisional rest station with patients and called at "Contay" where first Anzac Hdqutrs are for mail from field post office. Got two bags, only one letter for me from soldier in India. Artillery going very heavily. Very few wounded in today so managed to write couple of letters. Warned to be ready for call out in night so turned in 9 p.m.

Wednesday 9th August, 1916

Up at 6.30 a.m. and on duty 8 a.m. Good number of wounded brought in today, mostly from 15th Batt. who along with one company of 16th Batt. attacked and took some German trenches last night. Couple of German wounded came in today. Good number of men are coming in suffering from shell shock, pitiable to see. Believe shell fire further up is something terrible. Off duty 8 p.m., sat outside tent till 9.30 p.m. when saw one of our planes come over with lights attached to wings and tail then turned in.

Thursday 10th August, 1916

Up at 6.30 a.m. and on duty at 8 a.m. Very quiet all day today, just few odd slight wounds and two Germans seriously wounded, one a stretcher bearer, evidently been hit and lying out some days. Warned to expect visit from the King this afternoon and to have everything spick and span. King expected about 3 p.m. O.C. and other officers done up to kill and everything all in order but King passed along main street without calling, did not see him. Very quiet after tea, so sat talking and turned in 9 p.m.

Friday 11th August, 1916

Up at 6.30 a.m. and on duty 8 a.m. Tidied up and had about eight wounded in before dinner. Our boys advanced another 200 yards last night. After dinner closed up our dressing tent and we had to unload Amb. cars with wounded while C. section did the dressing as all our bearers are out. Major Welch was out near front today and brought back a small wicker cradle from German dug out. Very few wounded after dinner. Learned that our division had 1200 casualties before getting into trenches. Off duty 8 p.m. and in bed 9 p.m.

Saturday 12th August, 1916

Up at 6 a.m. and on duty 8 a.m. Was not sure what duty we were to be on today but were put on unloading wounded from motors and general fatigue work at front of dressing station usually done by bearers. Not many wounded today, though guns were going solidly last night. Unload large motor wagon of tents etc. and stood by all day till 8 p.m. for any kind of duty. One of our C. section bearers brought down from further up suffering from shell shock. Our planes as usual very busy. Turned in 9 p.m.

Page 147 Sunday 13th August, 1916

Very quiet last night. Up at 6.30 a.m. and on duty 8 a.m. at front gate unloading wounded of which very few today. Went to D.R.S. at 11 a.m., also to field post office in motor. After dinner some 6th field Amb. men came to give us hand. Instructing a party this afternoon how to carry on, do not seem to know much. Went to field post office in motor again at 2 p.m., got one bag mail. About 4.30 p.m. German plane came over but about 4 shots from anti-aircraft gun sent it back again. Off duty 8 p.m., in bed 9 p.m.

Monday 14th August, 1916

Up 6.30 a.m., on duty 8 a.m. Things very slack so at 9 a.m. got a parcel of goods and hopped on motor amb. which took me through Millencourt and Henencourt to Albert, then got on another motor and arrived at Becourt wood, changed again on to a horse wagon and arrived at Casualty Corner just behind our lines, walked about 1 1/2 miles to some of our bearers, had dinner and went into support trenches, was 15 yards behind our front line. Just got in and enemy opened his guns on the supports levelling trenches all round. Hit on leg, small piece of shell spent. An awful bombardment. Waited an hour before could get out and arrived back in stages at 8 p.m. In bed 9 p.m. Went through Contalmaison to about 1/2 mile beyond Poseries.

Tuesday 15th August, 1916

Sausage Valley, Chalk Pit, Black Watch Alley, Sunken Rd. trench. Not a brick left in Posieries and very little at Contalmaison, enemy shelling all the time, terrible scene of desolation, every inch of ground shell holes. Up at 6.30 a.m., on duty 8 a.m. unloading cars at gate. Very busy this morning. Our boys attacked a farm and surroundings last night (13th Bgde). Do not know the result yet, but we had fair number of casualties. Unloading cars and carrying wounded back and to all day. Guns very quiet today. Rained fairly hard after tea, ground very muddy. Off duty 8 p.m., turned in 9 p.m.

Wednesday 16th August, 1916

Up at 6.30 a.m. and on duty at 8 a.m. Very busy till dinner time loading and unloading and carrying wounded, a good number coming in. Very shorthanded, 3 of us doing 10 men's work. The last of our division were relieved last night and first division now in trenches, fair number of them knocked out already. Busy again from 4 p.m. till 8 p.m. when came off duty. Enemy plane attempted to come over this morning but cleared as soon as one of our battle planes went for it. Our bearers came in tonight. Turned in 9 p.m.

Thursday 17th August, 1916

Up at 6.30 a.m. and on duty at 8 a.m. Very busy loading, unloading and carrying wounded, also doing general fatigue work, sweeping the grounds and tents and making things tidy. Some of our chaps saw one of our planes bring down two enemy planes this morning in our lines. One came down on fire. Had to go to cemetery with a man who had died of wounds while on the way to our dressing station. Heard this afternoon that the Jocks had captured Mouquet Farm and over 700 prisoners. Off duty 8 p.m., in bed 9 p.m.

Friday 18th August, 1916

Page 148 Up at 6.30 a.m. and on duty at 8 a.m. General fatigue work till 11 a.m. Had to go in motor again this morning with another man who had died of wounds. On duty stretcher bearing again till 1.30 p.m. when relieved. Had this afternoon to ourselves, bearers being back from advanced post. We are not so shorthanded and are to work in eight hour shifts instead of 12 hours. Spent whole of afternoon in writing letters as post has opened again today. Our planes very busy flying about all day. After tea had sleep as have to go on duty at 12 midnight.

Saturday 19th August, 1916

Had very busy night, some Battalions of first division (7th and 8th I think) making charge on enemy's trenches in the evening. Had nearly eighty wounded in and had all fixed up before being relieved at 8 a.m. this morning. Turned in after breakfast for a sleep till dinner time, also had a nap this afternoon. Our guns going solidly all afternoon and this evening we could see the flashes in the sky as they fired. Did little writing after tea and on duty at 12 midnight. Sunday 20th August, 1916

Had fairly quiet night, only having about twenty wounded until we knocked off at 8 a.m. Most of night we passed in playing cards waiting for patients to arrive. Turned into bed about 9.30 a.m. and slept till 4.15 p.m. when got up and cleaned for tea. Our aeroplanes buzzing about a lot this evening. Was writing till about 8.30 p.m. when had game of cards till 9.30 p.m. and then turned in for nap till 11 p.m. when got up and on duty 12 midnight.

Monday 21st August, 1916

Guns were roaring incessantly all night. Only had about fifteen wounded in, but some were badly hit. Most of wounds are from shell fire, very few being from rifle bullet. Two of wounded were stretcher bearers, one from 1st Field Amb. and one from 3rd Field Amb. Played cards during time while waiting for patients. Off duty 8 a.m. Very cloudy day and enemy planes dropped two bombs on Albert from which we had 9 killed and 31 wounded, mostly Artillery men. Got up at 4.30 p.m. and after tea had read and sleep before going on duty at midnight.

Tuesday 22nd August, 1916

Had to take charge of our tent division last night as Cpl. Chisholm sent in charge of officers' rest house. Although our troops made attack and advanced yesterday evening, we did not have many wounded in, only about twenty four, but as usual, most of them were pretty severe injuries. Off duty 8 a.m. Enemy planes tried to come across our lines this morning, but our planes and anti-aircraft guns speedily drove them away. Went to sleep about 10 a.m. and slept till 4.30 p.m. Rested after tea and on duty at 12 midnight.

Wednesday 23rd August, 1916

Fairly quiet night, wounded coming in at intervals. Altogether had about fifteen, one man shot through both lungs died. Two patients had been gassed, one recovered sufficiently to be sent to C.C.S., other died during day. Off duty at 8 a.m. Had breakfast and read for half an hour then went to sleep till 4.30 p.m. when got up and cleaned for tea. Our artillery very busy this evening, guns roaring continuously. After tea had talk to some 1st F. Amb. men just come from advanced post. One section full strength returned with 18 men. On duty 12 midnight.

Thursday 24th August, 1916

Page 149

Quietest night we have had, only had two patients, one sick and one wounded, so managed to write a couple of letters. Rained during night a little. Off duty at 8 a.m. Had breakfast and turned in till 3 p.m. when cleaned myself up for tea. After tea did some washing and writing. Our planes busy again this evening, saw twelve in one batch go over towards enemy's lines, possibly a raid on. Been very nice day. Had an hours sleep and on duty midnight.

Friday 25th August, 1916

Very quiet again last night, did not get a case in till 7 a.m. when car brought in three wounded. Was reading and playing cards all night. Off duty 8 a.m. After breakfast turned in for sleep till 2 p.m. when got up and had hot bath. B. section bearers went up to trenches yesterday. A. and C. section bearers standing ready to go at any time. After tea yarned and smoked before turning in again. Been showery but warm. On duty at 12 midnight.

Saturday 26th August, 1916

Few more cases in last night, had about twenty altogether, most of them bad wounds, great number of compound fractures among the wounds here, expect a great no. will lose their limbs. Very dull when we finished duty at 8 a.m. and shortly after rained but later turned out very fine. Slept from 9.30 a.m. till 1.30 p.m. Hard to sleep with men on duty running and shouting all round. After tea our planes very busy again. Did not go on duty at midnight tonight.

Sunday 27th August, 1916

Up at 7 a.m., breakfast 7.30 a.m. Had to stand by for any duty till 10 a.m. when put on bearing and unloading wounded and general fatigue. A. sec. bearers went out to trenches at 12 noon, and C. sec. at 1 p.m. Rained hard at intervals all day. Very few wounded came in today, only about 10 all day so had it pretty easy. Sky cleared for about two hours between 6 p.m. and 8 p.m. and our planes were out at once. Relieved by some R.A.M.C. men at 8 p.m. and turned in about 8.45 p.m.

Monday 28th August, 1916

Up at 7 a.m. and on duty 8 a.m. at gate, unloading wounded and carrying. Not much doing this morning, rained hard after dinner. Cars brought in wounded fairly brisk for couple of hours after which eased off again. Received news this morning of Italy's declaration of war on Germany and this afternoon of Roumania's declaration of war on Austria-Hungary. Sky cleared a little this evening and planes started buzzing. Before came off duty at 8 p.m. warned to be ready if called out any time up to 2 a.m. in morning. In bed 9 p.m.

Tuesday 29th August, 1916

Up at 6.30 a.m. and on duty 8 a.m. Very few patients in today. On same job as yesterday. All last night and this morning our guns were going solidly. At 10.30 a.m. went in car to cemetery with man who died during night. Saw barb-wire compound with about 150 German prisoners, some of them doing fatigue work. Rained hard this morning and this afternoon had pretty heavy thunder storm. Cleared up after tea and planes came out. Heard rumour that Greece had declared war on Bulgaria. Off duty 8 p.m., in bed 9 p.m.

Wednesday 30th August, 1916

Page 150

Up at 6.30 a.m. and on duty 8 a.m. Very wet and miserable day. Fatigue work this morning hauling down tents etc. Canadians marched into village this morning. At 2 p.m. B. and C. section tent divisions went out to Albert. Our section (A) in charge of dressing station here assisted by Canadian Amb. Cleaning up and putting things in order occupied afternoon. Battery of big guns very close somewhere, firing very heavily this afternoon. Heard British had naval victory, sinking 43 enemy ships to our 16. Off duty 8, in bed 9 p.m.

Thursday 31st August, 1916

Up at 6.30 a.m. and on duty at 8 a.m. Not much doing as some of our brigades are out of trenches now, what wounded came in were simply plastered with mud and mostly suffering from severe colds. A Canadian officer, Major Frazer, working with us. Last night and this afternoon our guns bombarded tremendously heavy. Very nice day today, snatched an hour and wrote a letter just before tea. Only half dozen patients after tea and off duty 8 p.m., turned in at 9 p.m.

Friday 1st September, 1916

Up at 6.30 a.m. and on duty 8 a.m. Very little doing. Was disappointed at not getting trip to "Amiens" in motor but at 10 a.m. got trip to "Doullens" about 15 to 20 miles away. Very nice little town, had couple of hours to look round and make few purchases and set out back at 1.45 p.m. At billet at about 3.30 p.m.. Very nice ride, country lovely, crops being got in. Very quiet after tea so did some more writing. Finished duty at 8 p.m. and turned in about 9 p.m.

Saturday 2nd September, 1916

Up at 6.30 a.m. and on duty at 8 a.m. Few cases this morning. Had to go on car at 11 a.m. with man badly wounded, Penetrat. Frac. skull and right arm almost blown off, to Puchvilliers where the C.C.S. is. The man was in good spirits though suffering badly. Back at Warloy about 2 p.m. Very little doing this afternoon so wrote another letter and made souvenir butter knife from German bullet and piece of Eng. shell. Our battle planes very active this evening. Off duty 8 p.m., turned in 9 p.m.

Sunday 3rd September, 1916

Up at 6.30 a.m. and on duty 8 a.m. Only got few wounded in all day, although our troops made big attack at about 5 a.m. this morning. Heard attack had been very successful and our troops had advanced considerably. Various rumours going about tonight in and against our side. Big guns were going tremendously up to about 2 p.m. when eased off. Our planes very active. Made up parcel of trophies ready to send home. Beautiful day till 4 p.m. when started slight rain. Off duty 8 p.m. and in bed 9 p.m.

Monday 4th September, 1916

Was up at 6.30 a.m. and on duty at 8 a.m. Received orders to pack up ready to move. Canadians taking our place. Worked hard all morning and had our panniers etc. packed by dinner time. Had spell after dinner till 3 p.m. when loaded our stores on G. S. wagon. Bearers arrived in today. One Sgt. of C. section killed yesterday and 3 men wounded, making total of 1 killed and 7 wounded this last few days.

Page 151 Our troops in their attack yesterday advanced 300 yards beyong Mouquet Farm making German position at Thiepval more precarious. Turned in at 9 p.m.

Tuesday 5th September, 1916

Up at 6.30 a.m., breakfast 7.30 a.m. and after various fatigues marched out of Warloy-Baillon at 9.30 a.m., our packs and blankets being carried on wagon for first time in history. Marched through Vadencourt and Contay and Herrisart to Rubempre where we billeted in farm buildings at 12 noon, having marched about 8 miles. Divisional H'quarters at this village. After dinner had gas helmet inspection then had look round the village. Was very quiet, not a shop anywhere, roads in very muddy condition, weather being broken. Paid after tea and turned in about 7.30 p.m.

Wednesday 6th September, 1916

Did not sleep too well, have had tooth drilled ready for filling and it gave me trouble. Artillery going like thunder all night. Up at 6.45 a.m., breakfast at 7.30 a.m. and paraded and marched out at 9 a.m. carrying our packs till midday when put them on wagon. Marched from 12 to 14 miles going through "Candas" to "Longuevillette" where we arrived and were billeted about 2.30 p.m., had dinner, shave and clean up then rested. Aircraft depot at "Candas" and between there and here passed about 1/2 dozen big aerodromes. Large Nos. of troops on road going in every direction. Fine day, very quiet village and turned in 8 p.m.

Thursday 7th September, 1916

Had good billet in barn, plenty room and clean straw, slept splendidly and got up 7.15 a.m. Breakfast 8 a.m. and tidied up billet. Had day to ourselves to rest. Loafed about till dinner time and about 1.30 p.m. went for walk towards aerodromes. Had look at No. 2 Flying Corp's supply depot also at their workshops, saw them making parts of and repairing planes. Also saw 12 of our F.E. battle planes go up in a bunch, grand sight. Back at billet for tea. Young monsieur at our billet lost his leg in the war by explosive bullet. Rested this evening and turned in 9 p.m.

Friday 8th September, 1916

Had good nights sleep again and up at 7.30 a.m. Breakfast 8 a.m. and on parade for roll call at 9 a.m. as moving on sometime today. Expect to entrain for "Popperinghe" near "Ypres". Washed some socks this morning and took things easy. Rested after dinner again till 4 p.m. when paraded for roll call and orders. Tea 5 p.m. then packed up and paraded again 8.15 p.m. marching out at 8.30 p.m. Marched about 5 or 6 miles to "Doullens" where we arrived about 10.45 p.m., entrained and then moved out at 12.17 just after midnight.

Saturday 9th September, 1916

Travelling till 7 a.m. this morning, dozed off and on all the time in our horse van. About 7 a.m. arrived at "Hopoutre", a small station about mile from "Poperinghe", disentrained and after lounging about sometime marched off for about 4 miles when halted by roadside to await orders. At 3 p.m. received orders to move into village of "Reninghelst" about 1/4 mile further on, right in centre of our "Ypres" salient and take over hospital from Canadian Field Amb. Contrary orders issued so very little done. Got eggs from village for tea and turned in in roof attic above hospital at 8 p.m. In Belgium today.

Sunday 10th September, 1916

Page 152

Was pretty tired last night so slept soundly till 7.15 a.m. this morning when got up for breakfast at 8 a.m. No definite orders issued yet and no-one seems to know what is doing. Orders to stand by and not to leave billet until further notice. Was reading most of day. B. section took over hospital from Canadians, some rumour of our section (A) going out to advanced dressing station but only part of tent division. This afternoon had gas helmet inspection and parade for clothing etc. we might be short of. Turned in 9 p.m. Monday 11th September, 1916

Could not get to sleep for some time last night through coughing as have bad cold, feel much better today. No further orders given to us yet. Helped Capt. Bentley to extract some teeth this morning and at 11.30 a.m. paraded and marched to divisional baths and had good hot bath. Spent afternooon writing a couple of letters. Very little gun fire here compared with the Somme up to the present. Inclined to rain a little this afternoon but held off. Had walk up village and in bed 8.30 p.m.

Tuesday 12th September, 1916

Cold kept me awake for some time last night but eventually slept soundly till 7 a.m. this morning. Breakfast 8 a.m., no fresh orders issued yet, but have to keep in vicinity of our billet. Unloaded a German bomb, parcelled it up, and sent it home as a curio. Weather pretty dull but warm. My cold does not trouble me in day time. News of fresh advances on the Somme by our troops, but things very quiet here. Not getting too much tucker so went out this evening and had some, chip potatoes and coffee. In bed 8.30 p.m.

Wednesday 13th September, 1916

Felt very sick for a couple of hours after going to bed last night, but got off to sleep at last and woke 7.15 a.m. this morning. After breakfast had look round and made appointment with our dentist to complete filling of tooth, then played bridge till dinner at 12.30 noon. After dinner removed some drugs and stores from some tents and put them in drug store, then had sleep till tea-time 5 p.m. Rained this afternoon and after tea read till turned in at 8.30 p.m.

Thursday 14th September, 1916

Very cold last night, only have one blanket and so was kept awake some time. Up at 7 a.m. and after breakfast visited dentist who completed filling my tooth. Heard an enemy spy was shot here this morning, also half a doz. at "Poperinghe" two days ago. Wet and cold all day. Received parcel of socks from grandmother and played cards this afternooon. Two of our chaps received 10 days leave to England today. Heavy bombarding going on this afternoon and tonight. Turned in 8.30 p.m.

Friday 15th September, 1916

Sound of heavy shells at intervals all night, heard enemy put a few into "Poperinghe" behind us. Was a very cold night, woke at 2.30 a.m. and lay shivering till 6.30 a.m. when got up. Spent the morning writing letters. Inspection of billets by O.C. at 10 a.m. Just after dinner a motor bus used for conveying troops to and from trenches caught fire in main street and was burnt right out. A second blanket was issued to us this afternoon. I managed to get two more so now have three. Quiet this evening and in bed 8 p.m.

Saturday 16th September, 1916

Page 153

Had lovely nights sleep, did not wake till 7.30 a.m. when got up for breakfast. Arranged my kit as expect to go out to advanced dressing station at any time now. Inspection of billet by O.C. at 10 a.m. At 2 p.m. had a general parade and were issued with new and very effective type of gas helmet and were taken to gas school and had them tested, had sniff of chlorine gas. Afterwards loaded up panniers etc. on G.S. wagon in case have to move in hurry. Some bearers went out tonight. Turned in 8.30 p.m.

Sunday 17th September, 1916

Up at 7 a.m. and after breakfast paraded to Capt. Furber to apply to be sent to regimental aid post, was turned down so wrote application to O.C., also turned down. Very heavy firing last night, our building shook very badly. About 11 a.m. warned to be ready to move out at 5.15 p.m. so packed up my kit and had hot bath at Div. Baths, also had dinner out, eggs, chips, peas and custard 2/-. At 4.30 p.m. had tea for tea, and at 5.15 p.m. marched out about 3 miles to "Ouderdom" to take over dressing station from Canadians. In bed 8.30 p.m.

Monday 18th September, 1916

Up at 6.30 a.m. and had bread and jam for breakfast, no tea. Rained hard all day. Some more of our men and transport arrived at 9 a.m. and we took over dressing station. All morning arranging the place for reception of wounded and off duty at 12 noon as have to take charge of night shift at 12 midnight. Knocked about this afternoon and gave a hand here and there. Have got a well made dug-out to live in, would take good shell to knock it in. Turned in 8 p.m.

Tuesday 19th September, 1916

Went on duty at 12 last night, only had five sick cases in all night. Rained most of night. Had a doze and was reading. At 6.30 a.m. swept out and tidied dressing station which is a large barn with wooden floor. Hundreds of rats running about. Breakfast 8 a.m. and afterwards was kept busy till 11 a.m. attending at sick parades in lieu of dispenser. Off duty 12 noon. Fine afternoon, watched enemy ineffectively shelling our planes. Good news from Somme. Received a letter from Dais. and turned in 7.30 p.m., up 11.30 p.m. and on duty 12 midnight.

Wednesday 20th September, 1916

Rained again at 1 a.m. for about an hour. Between 2 a.m. and 3 a.m. our guns opened up furiously on the enemy. After that quiet except for machine guns which we could hear chattering continuously. No patients came in during night and at 6 a.m. swept out and made things tidy. Breakfast 8 a.m. and sick parades at 9 a.m., after which got 3 patients, admitted from sick parade, away on wagon to D.R.S. Off duty at 12 noon. Our guns going at intervals during afternoon and evening. Cold and wet day. Had read and turned in 7.30 p.m. On duty 12 midnight.

Thursday 21st September, 1916

Could hear our guns going at intervals during night, also could hear the shells burst. Had nothing to do as only one patient in so read most of time till 6 a.m. when straightened things up. At 9 a.m. did sick parade with Capt. Phillips, afterwards sending men admitted to D.R.S. in wagon. Further news of our victories on the Somme, also in Balkans. Had sleep this afternoon and after tea a game cards and in

Page 154 bed 9 p.m. This place is absolutely infested with rats. Our planes and balloons busy. Up at 11.30 p.m. and on duty 12 midnight.

Friday 22nd September, 1916

Quiet night again, about half doz. patients, one, Capt. Coombs 15th Batt., shot through head and one case diphtheria, others just severe colds. About 7 a.m. German plane came over but was driven off by our gun fire. Had breakfast 8 a.m., sick parade 9 a.m. and afterwards sent patients away. Off duty 12 noon. After dinner walked in to Div. baths at "Reninghelst" and had hot bath, back for tea. This evening our planes were very active, enemy shelled them heavily but ineffectively. Turned in 7.30 p.m., on duty 12 midnight.

Saturday 23rd September, 1916

Nothing doing at all during night, of course got a sleep. At 7.30 a.m. enemy plane came over, heavily shelled by our guns. Couple of our planes forced it to bolt. One of our shells fired at it failed to go off and fell close to our dug-out in our lines, went over 15 ft. into the ground. Sick parade 9 a.m., afterwards got patients admitted away. Off duty at 12 noon. Another enemy plane over about 1.30 p.m., driven off at once by our anti-aircraft guns. Writing all rest of afternoon and after tea had friendly game of bridge. Been lovely day. Turned in 8 p.m. and on duty 12 midnight.

Sunday 24th September, 1916

Had four patients in during night, all slight medical cases. Sat reading most of time till 6 a.m. when tidied up and had breakfast 8 a.m. Sick parade at 9 a.m. and inspection of billeting area 10 a.m. by Capt. Furber. At 11.30 a.m. sent patients on to respective places and off duty 12 noon. After dinner read for a while and then went to sleep till tea-time 5 p.m. Had read again after tea and went to sleep about 8 p.m., getting up and on duty at 12 midnight. Have not been too well for some days, had heavy cold, but feel better this evening. Been a lovely day again.

Monday 25th September, 1916

Very quiet again last night, only couple of sick chaps and couple of mumps cases. Mumps seems to be about a fair bit also diphtheria. Tidied up dressing station before breakfast and at 9 a.m. assisted Capt. Furber at sick parade after which sent cases admitted to respective bases. Inspection of our area by Capt. Furber who is senior officer here at 11 a.m. and off duty 12 noon. Wrote couple of letters this afternoon and then had a sleep till 5 p.m. tea-time. This evening watched our planes which were very active, turned in about 8 p.m., on duty midnight.

Tuesday 26th September, 1916

Our troops were to make raid tonight (during present night) on enemy trenches so expected some casualties. Raid came off about 10.30 p.m. last night, we only had one man wounded as enemy had evacuated trench. Tidied up before breakfast. At 8.30 a.m. aeroplane fight took place in easy sight, did not see it but heard noise, didn't know what it was. Enemy plane was shot straight down a wreck and ours had to land as bullet had gone through petrol tank. Machine landed safely, otherwise undamaged but observer and pilot both wounded, former through head and latter foot. Off duty 12 noon, slept this afternoon, tea at 5 p.m., turned in again 7.30 p.m. and up and on duty midnight.

Page 155

Wednesday 27th September, 1916

Nothing doing all night, tidied up before breakfast and at 9 a.m. assisted Capt. Furber at sick parade. About 10 a.m. enemy plane flew over hotly shelled by our anti-aircraft guns and chased by our planes. Heard it was brought down near "Bailleul". About 11.30 a.m. two more enemy planes came over, engaged by our machines right above us, could hear their machine guns firing but they were fortunate to escape into a cloud bank and so got away. Off duty 12 noon. Had sleep this afternoon, heard "Thiepval" and "Combles" have fallen to our troops. This evening saw observation balloon which had broken away brought down by our fire and planes, don't know whose it was. In bed 7.30 p.m. On duty midnight.

Thursday 28th September, 1916

Had five slightly sick patients and couple of mumps, no wounded at all during night. At 3 a.m. our guns opened out in direction of (Dickibush) and bombarded for half an hour or so. Could hear maching guns rattling. Sent patients to hospital 8 a.m. and after breakfast assisted at sick parade. Balloon brought down last night was German, had broken loose and drifted about 80 miles from south. Received official news of capture of "Combles" by British and French. Off duty 12 noon, after dinner had short sleep. Numbers of very big guns gone up this last few days. Our guns firing heavily at intervals. Turned in 7.30 p.m., up and on duty 12 midnight.

Friday 29th September, 1916

Had no patients in until about 6 a.m. when car brought down two, one of whom was injured by one of our own rifle grenades, had fractured knee. Sent them on to C.C.S. after fixing them up. Cleaned up before breakfast at 8 a.m. and at 9 a.m. assisted Capt. Furber at sick parade. Inclined to rain today. Off duty at 12 midday. This afternoon had a sleep till tea-time at 5 p.m., after which had kick at a football for hour or so before turning in at 8 p.m. Up and on duty 12 midnight. Official news of fall of "Thiepval".

Saturday 30th September, 1916

Quiet night for patients till 5.30 a.m. when three came down. Attended to them and sent them on to C.C.S. Just after midnight our big guns started firing furiously for about an hour after which were firing heavily at intervals. Tidied up for breakfast, sick parade 9 a.m., then sent patients admitted to D.R.S. Did some washing afterwards. One or two sick men came in before 12 midday when went off duty. Lay on stretcher reading this afternoon till fell asleep and was woke for tea at 5 p.m. In bed again 7.30 p.m. and up and on duty at 12 midnight.

Sunday 1st October, 1916

Nothing doing again all night, got a sleep and before breakfast cleaned and tidied the dressing station. At 9 a.m. assisted Capt. Furber at sick parade and afterwards sent cases admitted on to C.C.S. and D.R.S. Off duty at 12 noon. Had sleep this afternoon. Our Amb. played a football match this afternoon (Aust. game) and won. German plane brought down on fire, a Belgian observation balloon and our planes brought down on fire two German observation balloons. Planes very active this evening. Turned in 7.30 p.m. On duty midnight. Had church service tonight.

Page 156 Monday 2nd October, 1916

Nothing doing at all again last night so got a sleep again. Tidied up before breakfast and assisted at sick parade at 9 a.m. Inclined to rain and pretty cold. Off duty at 12 noon. More big guns went up again today. Special orders issued today re carrying gas helmets. Rained pretty sharp this afternoon but went for walk to get a paper to see the news. Received parcel from home. Tea at 5 p.m. and was in bed before 6 p.m. Lay reading for about an hour and half before going to sleep. Up and on duty at midnight.

Tuesday 3rd October, 1916

All quiet again last night, no wounded came in. Our planes very active about 5 a.m. Tidied up before breakfast and at 9 a.m. assisted at sick parade. Rained sharply all morning but eased off after dinner. Off duty 12 noon. At 1 p.m. went out with couple of mates for walk towards "Dickiebush", very muddy. Passed couple of big guns over which canvas houses painted to look like brick had been erected to screen them from enemy planes and observers. Back at 4 p.m., had short sleep. Tea 5 p.m. and in bed 6.30 p.m. Up and on duty 12 midnight.

Wednesday 4th October, 1916

Had three slighly sick patients in last night, otherwise quiet. Tidied up before breakfast and sent patients to D.R.S. at 8 a.m., at 9 a.m. assisted at sick parade. Wet again today, weather seems to have broken up for the winter now though it is not very cold yet. After dinner took a walk up the road to get a paper. Arrived back at billet about 3 p.m. and had a sleep till tea time 5 p.m. Did some writing after tea then turned in about 7.30 p.m. Up and on duty at 12 midnight.

Thursday 5th October, 1916

Seven sick and three wounded in during night, fixed wounded up and sent them straight on to C.C.S. The sick sent to D.R.S. at 8 a.m. Tidied up before breakfast and at 9 a.m. assisted at sick parade. Very dull and heavy again today with showers at intervals. Off duty at 12 noon. On parade at 2 p.m. while orders were read out, then dismissed. Spent afternoon writing and overhauling my kit. Tea at 5 p.m. and in bed before 6 p.m. Lay reading for an hour, then to sleep, up and on duty midnight.

Friday 6th October, 1916

Half a dozen sick and about same wounded last night. One man died, our first death here, a 16th Batt. man named "Andrews". Spent rest of night writing. Tidied up, had breakfast and assisted Capt. Bentley at sick parade at 9 a.m. About 10.30 a.m. went with patient on motor to C.C.S. Went through town of "Popperinghe" which has been heavily shelled, houses shattered and in ruins, others with bullet marks all over. Passing up a main street saw newly made patches in roadway, showing where shells had fallen. Back for dinner, slept this afternoon, tea at 5 p.m. Turned in again 6.30 p.m. and up and on duty at midnight.

Saturday 7th October, 1916

Five sick cases and no wounded at all last night. Beautiful in the early morning but very dull and showery after breakfast. Sent patients to D.R.S. at 8.30 a.m. and assisted at sick parade at 9 a.m. Admitted four cases and sent two each to D.R.S. and C.C.S. respectively. Capt. Furber sick

Page 157 (rheumatism), sent for me to rub him with liniment. Off duty at 12 noon. After dinner lay down and read for an hour before going to sleep. Tea at 5 p.m., in bed at 6.30 p.m. and up and on duty at 12 midnight.

Sunday 8th October, 1916

Couple of sick cases last night, sent them to D.R.S. Lovely early morning again but went dull and wet later on. Sick parade 9 a.m. Very little doing so had game of cards (bridge). Off duty at 12 noon. After dinner went on bike for ride into Reninghelst to our Hdqrtrs. Back at Ouderdom at 2.30 p.m. and played cards till tea-time. Very heavy bombardment going somewhere round this sector, heard Germans were shelling Belgians to the north of us. Had church service at 7 p.m. then turned in and was on duty again at midnight.

Monday 9th October, 1916

Had a dozen sick men in during night, got them away to D.R.S. pretty early as had to thoroughly clean out, some of the "heads" coming to have a look round. Had everything in perfect order but "Heads" didn't turn up. Sick parade at 9 a.m. and off duty at 12 noon. Went into Reninghelst on bike at 1.30 p.m. and played Soccer football with our Amb. against a motor convoy team, made draw 2 goals each. Back for tea at 5 p.m. after which played cards till 8.30 p.m. when turned in. On duty 12 midnight. Capt. Bentley went to England today on leave.

Tuesday 10th October, 1916

Did not have a single patient in all night so got a little sleep. Tidied up before breakfast and assisted at sick parade at 9 a.m., then sent three patients admitted to C.C.S. Heard news of further British and French advance on the Somme. Off duty at 12 noon. After dinner played cards for couple of hours then had a sleep till tea time 5 p.m. Made my bed and lay reading till 7.30 p.m. when fell asleep. Up and on duty 12 midnight. Very nice day but clouds threatening and wind rising tonight.

Wednesday 11th October, 1916

No patients again last night so did some writing and had a sleep. Tidied up before breakfast and at 9 a.m. assisted at sick parade. After dinner went to Div. Baths at "Reninghelst" and had good hot bath. Unexpectedly met W. Hill and we had half an hours yarn. Back at "Ouderdom" about 3.30 p.m. and was warned right away by Capt. Furber to be ready to go to "Bedford House" sometime tomorrow. "Bedf'd H'se" is an advanced station, used to be residence of Rosenthal murdered in America, police graft scandal. His son was shot here as a spy. Turned in about 7 p.m., up and on duty 12 midnight.

Thursday 12th October, 1916

Five sick cases last night, one diphtheria. Cleaned up and sick parade 9 a.m., few dressings etc. Off duty 12 noon. After dinner packed up ready to move off at 6.15 p.m. After long wait left Ouderdom in car at 9.15 p.m. As got nearer firing line evidences of shell fire became numerous, terrible scene of desolation. Passed through "Ypres", it has once been a lovely city, now totally in ruins, great pity. Arrived at "Bedford House" about 10 p.m., it has been awfully knocked about by shells. Worked till 11.30 p.m., turned in on a table at midnight. Friday 13th October, 1916

Was up at 7 a.m. and had a wash in the moat that runs round the house. Went on duty at 8 a.m. Set the dressing station out, it is a large dug-out. Am in charge of dressing station and have to do

Page 158 dispensing etc. Couple of slightly wounded and about 8 sick in during day. Had look round grounds this afternoon. It has been a fine place but house is a total wreck, even the cellars having been penetrated in places, not a room left untouched. Part of grounds have been made into a cemetery. Guns all round us. Got a bunk tonight in room in cellar. Off duty 9 p.m. All round star shells making night into day. Turned in about 9.30 p.m.

Saturday 14th October, 1916

Up at 7 a.m. and on duty at 8 a.m. Busy all morning arranging things and fixing up for supplies we are short of. Only had two wounded and about eight sick through today. This morning two of our planes flew over very low, fritz shelled them ineffectively. Some of his shells burst only few hundred yards from us. Batteries of guns all round us firing at intervals all day. About 8.30 p.m. our guns fired solidly for half hour, star shells going up lighting the whole country side up. Brother Harry out to see me. Off duty 8 p.m. Turned in 9 p.m.

Sunday 15th October, 1916

Up at 7 a.m. and on duty at 8 a.m. Cleaned dressing station out, had few sick patients in and couple of wounded up till 8 p.m. when 7 or 8 badly wounded were brought in. Shell had burst among a crowd some distance further back from us. Reciprocal shelling at intervals all day, the trees round about are nearly all shattered. Saw shell hit a tree, fine big one, came down like a match stalk. Rained this evening, was very busy with wounded who came in and it was 11.30 before I was free to turn in for a sleep.

Monday 16th October, 1916

Up at 7.30 a.m. and on duty at 8 a.m. Cleaned out and tidied up, only one slightly wounded man up to dinner time. Majors McGregor and Welch came round this morning. Fine day but cold. A few sick cases this afternoon. Shelling at intervals by both sides, some of enemy's shells burst quite close to our place. An enemy plane came over about 4.30 p.m. but was soon driven off by our anti-aircraft guns. Off duty at 8.30 p.m. and turned in about 9 p.m.

Tuesday 17th October, 1916

Up at 7 a.m. and on duty 8 a.m. Very fine morning, our planes very active, fritz's guns trying to drive them away but to no purpose. The day got very chilly after dinner, and things were very slack with us till 5 p.m. when four wounded were brought in, two very badly hit kept us going till 7.30 p.m. when got my tea. Our guns opened up about 4.30 p.m. for about half an hour. Hear we are likely to be leaving here soon, perhaps tomorrow. Finished work at 8.45 p.m. and turned in 9 p.m.

Wednesday 18th October, 1916

Up at 7.30 a.m., rather nice morning, few sick cases this morning. At 1 p.m. went with some stores etc. to Reserve trenches at "Sunken Road" for R.M.O. right at point of salient (Ypres). Came back by way of the "Bluff" just before reaching which got a view of Fritz's trenches in front and behind me about 1 to 2000 yards away. From the Bluff to Spoilbank on the canal and then to King Albert of Belgium's Chateau which is in total ruins, had just left Chateau when enemy put couple of shells into it. Busy this evening. Off duty and in bed 9 p.m.

Thursday 19th October, 1916

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Up at 7.30 a.m., rained heavily all day. Few sick cases in. At 11 a.m. section of 4th London Field Amb. arrived to take over from us from tonight at 8 p.m. Packed as much as could before tea and showed R.A.M.C. officers round place. Rain drained into cellars and floor about 4 inches deep in water all over. No patients at all after dinner so just before tea packed almost everything up. About 7 p.m. left Bedford House in motor dragging wheels for stretchers behind, got covered in mud. Passed through Ypres and "Vlamentinghe", arrived Ouderdom about 9 p.m.

Friday 20th October, 1916

Did not get to bed till 3 a.m. this morning, very cold night, slept in dressing station. Up at 8 a.m., had breakfast. 20 German prisoners on sick parade this morning. Parade at 11 a.m. and were paid, also registered our votes on Referendum re conscription in Aust. Voted for conscription. Dinner at 12.30 p.m. and then walked to Reninghelst and had hot bath. Bitter cold all day. Back at Ouderdom 3.30 p.m. and received couple of letters. Took charge of dressing station from 6 to 9 p.m. then turned in.

Saturday 21st October, 1916

Very cold night again and when I got up at 7.30 a.m. everything was white with frost, but turned out lovely clear day. German planes very active today, about 6 coming over at intervals. Our gun fire beat them off, two of our planes cornered one and after a fight which was fine to watch on account of superb flying by all 3 machines, drove it down in our lines. Expect to move about Tuesday, think down to Somme again. Gave a send off to Major Welch tonight. Last of our old officers to leave us. Turned in 11 p.m.

Sunday 22nd October, 1916

Up at 7.30 a.m. and on duty at 8 a.m. Cleaned up in dressing station and then sick parades which kept us busy till dinner time. Number of Hun prisoners come for dressings etc. under guard of course. Enemy fired a mine in this sector today under our trenches but gained no advantage. Had kick at football this afternoon to warm myself as it is very frosty and cold again. Harry was sent out last evening to "Voormigeele" for day or two. Turned in 8 p.m. Up and on duty at midnight.

Monday 23rd October, 1916

Very quiet night but very cold, had six patients in for night. Tidied up before breakfast and afterwards had sick parades, very busy till dinner time. This afternoon Capt. Furber told me to take charge of tent division and said he had recommended me for the permanent job. Would not accept only it would ruin every chance of any future promotion. Have been treated so inconsiderately that I hardly care. Bearers moved to Reninghelst this evening. On duty till midnight, 24 hours been on duty. Packed up ready for morning. Tuesday 24th October, 1916

Up at 6 a.m., fixed up my equipment and saw to everything being right for moving after breakfast. Breakfast 7.30 a.m. Left for Reninghelst at 8.15 a.m. The whole corps marched out of Reninghelst about 9.30 a.m. I went with transport. Did about 8 to 10 miles and arrived at "Godewaersveldte" in France and put into billets, 12 of us in loft behind a shop. Went out and had eggs for dinner. This is a fair sized place and very nice in parts. Arranged with lady of house to cook dinner for 10 of us at 5 p.m.

Page 160 Had splendid spread, 2 Belgium Hares, potatoes, cakes and coffee, cost about 1/3d. each. In orders today I am promoted to L/Cpl.

Wednesday 25th October, 1916

Slept well last night in the loft and was quite warm. Rained during night and everywhere is very muddy. Up at 7.30 a.m. Got bacon for breakfast from cooks and got Madame to cook us some eggs. Cleaned and tidied billet for inspection at 10 a.m. Loafed about till dinner time, rained pretty sharp all day and very cold. Dinner at 12.30 noon, after which wrote a letter ready for when post opens. Madame cooked us a dinner again tonight, two splendid chickens and plenty of potatoes and coffee. Cost us (12 men) 1 Franc and 3d. each (1/1d). Turned in about 8 p.m.

Thursday 26th October, 1916

Up at 7 a.m. Breakfast at 7.30 a.m., packed our kits ready to move and cleaned up billet. Moved to transport lines about half mile away at 9.30 a.m. From there whole corp got under way and we marched about 5 miles carrying equipment, full packs and blankets to "Caestre". Rained all time and terribly muddy. Had dinner on roadside in the mud and entrained about 2.30 p.m., horses unloaded from boxes and we got in. Went through "Hazebrouck", "St. Omer", Calais and Boulogne and arrived at "Pont Remy" about 1 a.m. in morning. Very cold and very rotten journey but expected it to have been a longer one.

Friday 27th October, 1916

Humbugged about at siding at "Pont Remy" till 4 a.m. this morning when we marched away in the darkness. Everywhere pitch black, could not see a thing, raining all the time and up to boot tops in mud, wet feet and generally feeling miserable. Marched about four miles to village of "Montflieres" where we arrived about 6 a.m. just beginning to break light. Billetted in a stable on hard brick floor, very cold and got our wet boots and socks off. Breakfast at 8.30 a.m. then turned in and I slept most of the day. Rained all time, up for tea and in bed again 6 p.m.

Saturday 28th October, 1916

Up at 7.30 a.m. and breakfast at 8 a.m. Parade at 10 a.m. re shortage of clothing etc. Was pretty busy during morning arranging various small things and fixing up couple of our chaps who are sick. General leave after dinner so walked into Abbeyville 3 1/2 miles away. Rained and very muddy. Had look through the very fine old Abbey and went to Y.M.C.A. and wrote two short notes home with Xmas Greetings. Fair sized town and some good shops but very expensive. Had chips and eggs for tea and returned home and went to bed at 7 p.m.

Sunday 29th October, 1916

Up at 7.30 a.m., breakfast at 8 a.m. Cleaned up billet for inspection and on parade in full equipment except packs at 10.15 a.m. Major McGregor gave out several congratulatory cards for work done on our last visit to Somme. An instance of how honours are awarded. After parade had little work to do for some of our chaps before dinner. After dinner although raining did some washing. Don't know how am going to get it dried. Had a read before tea. Been very cold today. After tea did little writing and held church service in our stable billet. Turned in 9 p.m.

Page 161 Monday 30th October, 1916

Up at 7.30 a.m., shaved, cleaned and had breakfast at 8 a.m. Parade, roll call and orders at 9.30 a.m. Our (A) section for duty today so had to arrange sick parades etc. Kept very busy till dinner time with Battalion sick parades, and sent 14 cases to hospital at Abbeyville. An odd case or two this afternoon so did some writing. Rained hard all day, terribly muddy, feet have not been dry since arrived here. Number of our chaps suffering from severe colds. Wrote again after tea and turned in 8 p.m.

Tuesday 31st October, 1916

Up at 7.30 a.m. and had breakfast at 8 a.m. Parade, roll call and orders at 10 a.m. Spoke about getting further promotion as this job is well worth it. Got pass and at 1 p.m. paraded for leave inspection and then walked into Abbeyville. Had good look round, went through various churches and at 5 p.m. had good dinner, having previously had good hot bath. Wrote number of Field Service cards for Xmas and was back at billet at 7.30 p.m. Turned in 8 p.m.

Wednesday 1st November, 1916

Up at 7.30 a.m., breakfast at 8 a.m., issued with steel helmets and box respirators, packed up, on parade 9.30 a.m. and at 9.45 a.m. marched out. Marched about 10 miles, passed through village of Ailly-le-Haut-Cloches and arrived at village of "Vauchelles -e- Domart" about 1 p.m. Good day for marching, wind very drying, but had just arrived at our very rotten billets when rain fell heavily. Practically no sides to building we are billetted in. Had look round village, very quiet, and turned in about 6.30 p.m.

Thursday 2nd November, 1916

Up at 6.45 a.m., breakfast at 7.30 a.m. Various small duties to perform as N.C.O. of A section tent division. On parade at 9.30 a.m. and marched away at 10 a.m. Passed through several villages and arrived at "Pisquigny" about 1.15 p.m. having done about 10 to 12 miles, raining all the time and up to knees in mud. Very stiff march, country hilly and pace very fast. Billetted in a large vacant residence after considerable trouble. Paid at 4 p.m. After tea went into town, had cup of coffee and Sgt. Chisholm (my pal) and I had walk in country till 8 p.m. when turned in for night. Country very beautiful, all autumn shades of brown etc.

Friday 3rd November, 1916

Reveille at 7 a.m., on parade at 7.30 a.m., roll call and orders. Breakfast 8 a.m. Number of our chaps obtained leave to visit "Amiens". Usual small duties fixing up some of our chaps who are not too well and at 10 a.m. Capt. Furber took me to house to treat old lady who had been knocked down by motor cycle, knees badly cut. Dressed and fixed them up. Parade 2 p.m. Gas and steel helmet and boots inspection. Nothing further till 5 p.m. when visited old lady again and dressed her injuries. After tea went out for cup of coffee and in bed 9 p.m.

Saturday 4th November, 1916

Reveille 7 a.m., parade, roll call and orders at 7.30 a.m. Breakfast 8 a.m. At 10 a.m. visited and dressed injuries of my old lady patient. Various small duties before dinner at 1 p.m. This afternoon managed to get couple of letters away, also fixed up for one of my men to attend on Major McGregor, our present O.C. who is not well and has taken to bed. Went down to our transport on cycle for drugs

Page 162 etc. off our wagon. After tea had stroll and turned in 8.30 p.m. Harry went on leave for day to "Amiens".

Sunday 5th November, 1916

Reveille 7 a.m., parade 7.30 a.m., roll call and orders. Breakfast 8 a.m. and at 10 a.m. visited and dressed my patient whose husband took my photo as a souvenir and promised me one. Major Welch, acting O.C., took rest of men for church parade which did not come off so gave them some drill instead. After dinner received letter from my brother Fred in camp at Geelong. Very quiet day. 15th Batt. moved out from here this morning, expect to move ourselves in day or so. Turned in about 8 p.m. Pisquigny on Somme.

Monday 6th November, 1916

Up at 7 a.m., parade 7.30 a.m., roll call and orders. Parade full marching order at 8.45 a.m. and inspection by A.D.M.S. I missed it and at 10 a.m. went and dressed my patient. Had leave to visit "Amiens" today. Leave inspection by orderly officer 10.30 a.m., marched to station and caught train at 11.20 a.m., arrived "Amiens" about 12.15 noon. Went straight and had good dinner then visited Cathedral, now reckoned finest in the world. Very beautiful. Had look round town as far as time would permit, then had good hot bath, finishing up with good tea. Very fine city, train back 6.18 p.m. Back at billet and in bed 8 p.m.

Tuesday 7th November, 1916

Reveille 7 a.m., on parade 7.30 a.m., roll call and orders. At 10 a.m. visited my patient, dressed injuries which are doing splendid, left material to go on with as we are leaving tomorrow. Old gent gave me half doz. photos of myself as souvenir and also had to have glass of wine. Various other small duties before dinner. This afternoon busy packing and loading some extra drugs and medical stores ready for morning. Some of 16th Batt. left here today. Rained very hard this afternoon and evening. Had yarn after tea and turned in 8 p.m.

Wednesday 8th November, 1916

Reveille 6.30 a.m., parade, roll call and orders 7 a.m. Breakfast 7.30 a.m. On parade again in full marching order at 8.45 a.m. Raining heavily, moved up road at 9 a.m. behind our infantry Brigade. Put on huge motors, a great column of 118 of which were ready to take us on. Column moved at 11 a.m., passed through St. Poch, Amiens, Buire and lots of other villages and arrived at Ribemont about 2.30 p.m., having done about 26 miles. Put into very rotten billets, ours is canvas hut, framework all broken down in middle of sea of mud, about 20 men in it. Very cold and wet so turned in 7 p.m.

Thursday 9th November, 1916

Reveille at 7 a.m., on parade 7.30 a.m., roll call and orders. Breakfast 8 a.m., very cold and the place is just a sea of mud, boots and feet wet through. Our planes very busy. German airmen came over in one of our machines they had captured, but were spotted and our guns brought the plane down in our lines, it still had our markings on. Parade again 1.30 p.m. and roll call. Had walk up the village but it is practically all troops. After tea turned into bed to keep warm and read. About 9 p.m. enemy planes were about but our guns beat them off.

Friday 10th November, 1916

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Could hear heavy bombarding last night and could hear buzz of planes at intervals though could see nothing in the dark. Reveille 7 a.m., on parade 7.30 a.m., roll call and orders. After breakfast unpacked little material for use while here. Very nice day today, dozens of observation balloons up, also aeroplanes. Parade at 1.30 p.m. after which had kick at football for half an hour, then wrote letters till tea-time. Turned in shortly after tea about 6.30 p.m. Can hear very heavy bombardment going on tonight.

Saturday 11th November, 1916

Woke about 12.30 midnight by guns, bombardment terrible, worst I've heard, ground was shaking, also could hear aeroplanes and anti-aircraft guns. Enemy planes dropped bombs on "Amiens" and on Corps Rest station causing about 50 casualties among staff and sick, about dozen killed. Reveille 7 a.m., on parade 7.30 a.m., roll call and orders. My section (A) for duty today. Busy all morning with sick parades. This afternoon we played soccer match with Royal Engineers who beat us 3 goals to nil, pretty hard game. Bombardment proceeding all day but more intense again tonight. Had stroll after tea and in bed 8 p.m.

Sunday 12th November, 1916

Bombardment going all night, various rumours afloat. Was too foggy last night for aeroplanes. Reveille 7 a.m., on parade 7.30 a.m., roll call and orders. On parade again at 8.45 a.m. when marched to Divisional baths at "Hailly" about 3 miles away. Had bath and back for dinner. Guns still going all day without break. Received letter this afternoon then watched a soccer game for about an hour. Sorted my kit out ready to move tomorrow and after tea went to Y.M.C.A. service in a barn. In bed 8.30 p.m.

Monday 13th November, 1916

Heavy shelling again all night but tremendous at about 4.30 a.m. till 5.30 a.m., continuous all day. Reveille 7 a.m., on parade 7.30 a.m., roll call and orders. After breakfast reloaded our wagon, some of our stores being put in dump. Busy till dinner time at 12 noon on various duties. On parade in full marching order at 1 p.m. and marched out following our brigade. Marched about 4 miles, mud above shoe tops. Passed some of 1st division on way out, saw Stan Cohen. Arrived at "Dernan Court" about 4 p.m., had tea 5 p.m. and turned in 6 p.m. Tuesday 14th November, 1916

Reveille at 6 a.m. Breakfast 6.30 a.m. Was packed up and aboard a motor Amb. at 6.45 a.m., left "Dernancourt" about 7 a.m., travelled to "Albert" through "Fricourt", Mametz", Montauban to "Longueval", about 3 miles behind firing line and just in front of some of our heavy guns. Took over dressing station from 2nd Field Amb., arrived about midday having done about 16 miles but having to push motors a long way as up to axle in mud. Very busy getting fixed up and good number of wounded coming in, up to knees in mud everywhere. Turned in in dispensary about 9 p.m. Had no proper meals today.

Wednesday 15th November, 1916

Up at 5.30 a.m. and on duty at 6 a.m. Very cold, guns roaring all night all round us, two big naval guns about 100 yds. behind us. Had number of wounded in and went off duty at 12 noon. Worked all afternoon in dispensary, mud something shocking. Enemy shell road about 100 yds. above us. One shell killed 4 men and 1 horse and wounded about 10 men seriously, went out and brought in last man.

Page 164 Our present position is situated between (Devils) Delville wood, Bernafray, Troncs and Mametz woods which are now only masses of broken stumps. Turned in in a tent, 10 of us, at 6 p.m.

Thursday 16th November, 1916

Up and on duty at 12 midnight. Enemy put shells over at intervals in darkness and an enemy plane dropped a bomb on other side of valley killing a 13th Field Amb. man and wounding two other chaps. Had about 18 wounded in and went off duty at 6 a.m. Very frosty and cold, turned in about 7 a.m. but could not sleep, enemy planes about and guns making deafening row. Got up about 10.30 a.m., had my first wash and shave for four days. Our guns going all day. Enemy put few shells near us. Went on duty 6 p.m. and were pretty busy until relieved at 12 midnight when turned in.

Friday 17th November, 1916

Got up about 7.30 a.m., very cold and ground hard with frost, sun made attempt to get out but strong easterly and biting wind nullified it. Had to walk about to keep myself warm. Our planes about in great numbers, enemy planes tried to get over but our guns and planes beat them off every time. German plane brought down yesterday, pilot wounded, was in our dressing station. On duty 12 noon and kept pretty busy till relieved at 6 p.m. Good number of men going sick through cold and exposure. Had tea after 6 p.m. and turned into bed before 7 p.m.

Saturday 18th November, 1916

Up at 5.30 a.m. this morning and on duty at 6 a.m. Snow on ground this morning and driving sleet coming down which turned to rain and the whole place turned to a mass of mud. Only had few wounded but had huge sick parade. Kept busy till relieved at 12 noon. Spent very miserable afternoon, cold, and our tent about two inches deep in sloppy mud. The best building in our area has been commandeered for our officers' mess, they have such hard times poor dears. Was glad to turn in as soon as tea was over at 5 p.m.

Sunday 19th November, 1916

Came on duty at 12 midnight last night. Very cold again and rained a good deal. Only had few wounded in, but Fritz put some big shells all round us and into our area, fortunately none of our chaps hit but two Art'lly men were killed close by. Our guns close by retaliated and each time they fired our lights went out with the concussion. Off duty 6 a.m., had breakfast and turned in, my blankets damp and had to lie in sloppy mud, very miserable. Up for dinner and spent afternoon shivering. On duty 6 p.m., only half dozen wounded. Fritz put few shells close to us again but our guns shut him up. Off duty 12 midnight and turned in.

Monday 20th November, 1916

After we turned in last night Fritz put over 30 shells round about our camp, about 10 or 12 failed to burst. Slept well till 8 a.m. when had a bit of tucker and sat talking till 12 noon when went on duty. Had number of badly wounded, two dying in dressing station. Several Tommies wounded by bomb exploding while digging a sap and pick striking it causing it to burst. Also large number on sick parade. Kept very busy till relieved at 6 p.m. Had tea and turned in about 7 p.m. Woke about 11 p.m. by some of Fritz's shells bursting close, mud coming on tent.

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Tuesday 21st November, 1916

Up at 5.30 a.m. and on duty 6 a.m. Had about 20 slightly wounded in but great number of sick men. Kept very busy at various duties, having to arrange and look after our tent division and supervise the work as well as work myself. Off duty 12 noon. Just having dinner when Fritz put shell on road alongside dressing station. Just have to do our work and when off duty sit in tent hoping every shell will miss our tent. I suppose someone will catch one sooner or later. Passed the afternoon walking about in mud to keep warm and turned in to bed at 5.30 p.m. Up and on duty 12 midnight.

Wednesday 22nd November, 1916

Very quiet shift, only about half dozen wounded so did some washing, of course guns going all the time, they never cease. Off duty 6 a.m. and turned into bed sleeping till 10.30 a.m. When got up was rather misty but cleared this afternoon. Dozens of aeroplanes flying about, also we had about 30 observation balloons up. There were several aerial scraps, saw 3 planes come down, one of ours fell 9000 ft., pilot having broken thigh and observer slight concussion. Wonderful luck as plane toppled over and over. Believe 3 Hun planes brought down. On duty 6 p.m., very quiet, couple of cases so did some writing. Off duty 12 midnight and turned in.

Thursday 23rd November, 1916

Slept well till 10 a.m., had bit of tucker and got ready for duty at 12 noon. Been frosty night but bright and clear day. Numerous aeroplanes up, nearly all ours, counted over thirty at one time, also lot of balloons. Busy while on duty fixing up new dressing station and made a grate for stove to heat it. Had fair number of wounded in about 4 p.m. Guns on our left opened up for about an hour furiously. Enemy put few shells over and to rear of us. One or two enemy planes over but driven off. Off duty 6 p.m. and in bed 7 p.m.

Friday 24th November, 1916

Up at 5.30 a.m. and on duty 6 a.m. Had wash and general clean up, then was very busy with further improvements in dressing station. Breakfast 8 a.m. followed by huge sick parade from regiments round about this area which kept us very busy till we were relieved at 12 noon. Only had about 4 wounded in, one of which died. Had little rain this afternoon and turned very cold, lit a brazier for tent then did some writing till tea-time at 4.30 p.m. Turned into bed about 5.30 p.m., up and on duty 12 midnight. Artillery been comparatively quiet today though still noisy.

Saturday 25th November, 1916

Did not have single patient in all time on duty so managed to write 4 letters. Off duty 6 a.m. Fritz put over few big shells not far from us, but mud spoils a lot of their effect, a quantity of which was thrown on our tent. Up about 11 a.m., rained fairly sharp and tent leaks badly, the bottom of it is about two inches deep in mud and slop, very rotten. Spent very miserable day and went on duty at 6 p.m., Had two minor wounded and a 59th Batt. chap on stretcher, had had drink and was trying to work his ticket to base. Acted delirious and very violent, gave him rough time. Our 6 inch naval guns close to us going tonight, concussion nearly knocks us over. Off duty 12 midnight and turned in.

Sunday 26th November, 1916

Page 166

Rained hard all night and when got up about 11 a.m. my blankets and clothes were wet through and my steel helmet full of water. Tent leaks badly and floor is a filthy puddle. Paraded to Major Welch about it, hope to be in a hut tomorrow. Fritz put few shells over. On duty 12 noon, fair number of wounded and big sick parades. Had trouble with Cpl. who is hospital cook, but settled him pretty sharp, making himself good fellow at expense of my men. Off duty 6 p.m., had tea and in bed 7 p.m.

Monday 27th November, 1916

Up and on duty 6 a.m., not much doing before breakfast. Sick parades started about 8.15 a.m. and was kept very busy till relieved at 12 noon. Have always plenty of small jobs and details to attend to myself, also to see that others are working right, to supervise and direct our tent division and supernumaries. Just after dinner saw one of our planes come down on fire, magnificently handled and both aviators escaped. Unfortunately had been caught while tackling a Fritz, by our own shells. Two Fritz planes hovering about. Went into a hut today, turned in 7 p.m.

Tuesday 28th November, 1916

Up and on duty 12 midnight, only had couple of slight cases so had good clean up and wrote a letter. My 26th birthday today. Relieved by B. section at 6 a.m. Very cold. Turned in but could not sleep, cold so intense. Very miserable but we make the best of it and knock a bit of fun out. Got a brazier alight and warmed the hut up this afternoon. On duty at 6 p.m. but things were very slack, cleaned up and arranged things in dressing station again. Off duty at 12 midnight when turned in.

Wednesday 29th November, 1916

Very frosty this morning and awfully cold so lay in bed to try and keep warm till 11 a.m. On duty at 12 noon and kept fairly busy, but not rushed. Was told I would be going on leave on Sunday Dec. 3rd-16, but half an hour later was told all leave to England cancelled till further notice. Fritz put four big shells over, landed just above our position near prisoner compound, one Fritz prisoner killed. Some Tommy transport had very narrow escape. Our bearers came in yesterday, look very knocked up. Off duty 6 p.m. and turned in 6.30 p.m.

Thursday 30th November, 1916

Up at 5.30 a.m. and on duty 6 a.m. Very quiet till after breakfast when sick parades came on and we were kept busy till dinner time, only one or two slightly wounded. Very cold again and Fritz put few shells on ridge just above us again without doing any damage at all. Off duty 12 noon, was told this afternooon that my leave to England is right again. Lit a brazier in our hut as it was perishing cold. Tea 4.30 p.m. and turned in 5.30 p.m. Fritz put few more shells round us. Up and on duty 12 midnight.

Friday 1st December, 1916

Was very quiet till about 3.15 a.m. when Fritz put five shells just on our right and the call for stretcher bearers came. Party of us went about 150 yds. from dressing station and got 3 men of 1st Dragoon Guards, 2 dead and 1 wounded. While getting them out Fritz put 4 more shells right amongst us, thought it was all up but everyone escaped, very lucky. Off duty 6 a.m. and turned in. On duty again at 6 p.m. Had wounded Hun despatch rider in, otherwise quiet till 10.30 p.m. when enemy shell hit canvas hut 200 yds. from us, about 40 6th Fld. Eng. inside. 4 killed and 6 wounded. Went out with stretchers and got them in. Off duty 12 midnight and turned in.

Page 167

Saturday 2nd December, 1916

Up at 9 a.m., arranged my kit ready to go on leave. Awfully cold morning. Germans put over few heavy shells again this morning. Went on duty at 12 noon. Received my warrant and pass to go on leave to England at 1 p.m. Told to go right away, no instructions how to proceed. Fortunately caught a car going in to "Albert" and got a lift of about 12 miles, arrived Albert station about 2.15 p.m. and told no train till 2 a.m. in morning. Tried to get something to eat, got little tea in tobacco tin and 3 or 4 biscuits, waiting in cold.

Sunday 3rd December, 1916

Eventually got train at 3 a.m., fifteen of us in carriage (dog box) made to carry about 6. Tried to be cheerful though hungry but a terrible failure, cold something awful, hunger just as bad, and sleep absolutely out of question as we are so crowded, sitting on each others knees and some on the floor. Train travelling awfully slow, nothing to be got at stations, everywhere seems deserted and it is pure torture. Still crawling along at midnight.

Monday 4th December, 1916

Could not get wink of sleep all night and still being tortured when daylight broke. After what seemed an eternity we arrived at "Le Havre" at 10 a.m. having had 31 hours of real misery being almost frozen the whole time. Got off train and were marched to rest camp about 5 miles away and managed to get cup of tea and few biscuits at Y.M.C.A. No solid food to be procured. Paraded at 2 p.m. to have passes and warrants altered to 5th and 15th. Marched to boat at 7 p.m. and got aboard about 11 p.m. Tuesday 5th December, 1916

Steamer got out about midnight, only small steamer but fast, sea was a little heavy so rolled and tossed a bit. Arrived Southampton 7 a.m., disembarked and got aboard train and arrived Waterloo station London about 11 a.m., marched to A.I.F. Hdqrts, changed French money and was paid, took couple of hours then went and had good hot bath and a change after which had good dinner, first meal since Saturday at noon. Had a look round Westminster, saw Parliament Houses etc. and went to picture show. Had tea 5 p.m., went back for my kit and caught 8.45 p.m. train from Kings Cross station for Middlesbro'.

Wednesday 6th December, 1916

Travelling all night, went to sleep in train and was carried on to Newcastle on Tyne when should have changed at Darlington. Had to go back to Ferryhill and eventually arrived Middlesbro' at 8 a.m. Went to Grandad's, he was at work, but his wife gave me splendid welcome and I had a good breakfast. Kept me eating all morning. After dinner went out for walk round and called at Uncle Charlie's but all were out so returned to Grandad's. Grandad got home 5 p.m. and was delighted to see me, he looks very well. Took me round to Uncle Dan's and found they were out. Went to bed about 10.30 p.m. Wrote this on York station while waiting for train.

Thursday 7th December, 1916

Had lovely nights sleep and did not wake till 10.30 a.m. when got up, had breakfast and went out to meet Uncle Charlie at works. He took me home to have dinner with him and I met his wife who gave me fine welcome. Returned to Grandad's at 4 p.m. then went to Uncle Dan's for tea. Uncle Dan and

Page 168 his wife treated me royally. About 7 p.m. Uncle Charlie, his wife and Grandad came round and we had pleasant evening and great talk, then supper. Went back to Grandad's for kit and Grandad, Uncle Dan and his wife took me to station to catch 10.45 p.m. train to Crewe. So far my welcome to England has been of the finest and I have been treated like a King.

Friday 8th December, 1916

Travelling all night, frequent changes and long waits, arrived at Crewe about 9.15 a.m. and was met at station by Cousin Fanny who took me home and I had a good breakfast and clean up. Went out for look round before dinner and after dinner started visiting my different friends. Went out with Cousin Fanny round market and saw quite a lot of friends. Returned home for tea after which did some more visiting and returned home about 9 p.m. Cousin Fanny arranged for me to sleep close by with friends.

Saturday 9th December, 1916

Slept very heavily and had to be called at 10.15 a.m., had real good breakfast, cleaned up and out visiting again till dinner time. Back home and had very good dinner, am being treated splendidly. After dinner went straight out and round visiting again. Am having a great rush to visit different friends, invitations to tea, evenings and to stay a few nights being poured on me. Had tea at Joe Lewis's, stayed till 7 p.m., did little more visiting and returned and in bed 11 p.m.

Sunday 10th December, 1916

Up at 7.30 a.m., shaved and cleaned and went with my cousin Mirrie to Hightown Wesleyan Church, very nice service, Minister Mr. Emmett. After service numbers of friends crowded round for few words with me and pressing invitations. Went into Mr. Joe Potter's and saw family then home for dinner. After dinner out making calls again and back for tea. Went to Church again tonight and after service walked to Coppenhall and made few calls. Raining a little, back home and in bed 11 p.m.

Monday 11th December, 1916

Up at 6.30 a.m., cleaned, had breakfast and caught 8.15 a.m. train to Winsford and went to Grandmother's, delighted to see me, also Uncle Jim, his wife and baby. Talking till dinner time after which got on Jim's bike and went to Uncle Jabez's at Moulton, very pleased to see me, also Aunt Annie and Ellie. Had a walk round before tea, after which sat talking and Mr. Abberley came in to see me. Wanted me to stay all night but cycled back to Grandmother's 7 p.m. and in bed 10.30 p.m.

Tuesday 12th December, 1916

Up at 8.30 a.m. and had breakfast then cleaned myself and wrote a letter, going into Winsford and posting it before dinner. Had dinner at Jim's, roast fowl etc. and mince-meat rolly-polly. Grandmother came to station with me and I caught 2.18 p.m. to Crewe. Went straight to cousin Fanny's, had wash and on to Mr. Lowe's, my old choirmaster's, for tea. Stayed till 7 p.m. when went on to Mr. Sam Potter's where had a yarn and then went to choir practice as Mr. Lowe wished me to. Returned to Mr. Potter's for supper and yarned till 11.30 p.m. when went home.

Wednesday 13th December, 1916

Page 169 Up at 6.30 a.m. and got shaved and cleaned before breakfast. At 9.15 a.m. went to General Offices, interviewed Capt. Beames, workshop manager and got permission to go through most of shops. Could not go through either of Fitting Shops. Mr. Lewis took me round Boiler shop and I saw and shook hands with many old workmates, both of my own and of Dad's. All made friendly inquiries as to our family's welfare, and everyone was pleased to see me. Saw armoured train in Mill Shop. Spent afternoon visiting and had tea at Mr. Lewis's, taking Cousin Fanny and Mirrie to pictures at night.

Thursday 14th December, 1916

Snow was on the ground when I got up this morning at 6.30 a.m. and after breakfast wrote a letter and went out and posted it, did little business, then bought some presents to send home before dinner. After dinner Cousin Mirrie got afternoon off as it is my last day and we walked to the "Cosy" tea-rooms at Haslington kept by the "Potters" girls, very nice place and spent the afternoon talking then had splendid tea, adjourning to sitting room afterwards and had to tell some of my experiences. Had supper and returned home at 10.30 p.m. Am being perfectly lionized.

Friday 15th December, 1916

Up at 5.45 a.m., wrote some notes with regards to presents also and short letter. My cousin is sending the parcel home for me. After breakfast went out and got couple of presents for my two cousins who have been so kind and considerate. Back at 10 a.m. and went to station accompanied by Cousin Fanny. Train left 10.38 a.m. Could only get in corridor, but cousin Fanny put plenty of tucker in for me. Train arrived Euston 3/4 hour late. Took taxi to Waterloo and arrived in plenty of time. Train left Waterloo 4 p.m., arrived Southampton about 7.30 p.m. and went aboard ship, steaming out about 9 p.m.

Saturday 16th December, 1916

Our boat pretty crowded, could not lie down so sat reading and blinking. At 2 a.m. was called out, given a rifle and made to mount guard for 2 hours till 4 a.m. First was on top deck guarding two boats and gangway to stop any rush in case of being torpedoed, and then over sailors and ship's officers' quarters. Tied up at wharf at Havre about 3.15 a.m. and was relieved of my post at 4.15 a.m. then went below to my kit. Off ship 7.30 a.m. and marched to rest camp, given orders and put our kits in sheds, very cold and miserable. Got a little tucker at canteen and at 5.30 p.m. were given one blanket. Only took off my boots when turned in as it was so cold, we're on cement floor.

Sunday 17th December, 1916

Spent very cold and miserable night, men coughing very badly all round and apparently suffering from the severe cold. Hauled out at 7 a.m., handed in blankets and marched to train and got aboard about 8.30 a.m., moving out about 9 a.m. Travelled very slow but had some tucker with us this time. Stopped about 3 p.m. at small station and were given hot tea, also few biscuits and piece of cheese. Started off again and going very slowly all night, very foggy and cold and engine-driver shaking us up terribly, rotten ride.

Monday 18th December, 1916

Arrived at Albert between 4 and 5 a.m., told my unit was at Dernancourt, about 4 miles away, by R.T.O. Walked to Dernancourt, unit not there, on to Edge Hill, Buire, Ribemonte and Maricourt where got hold of another R.T.O who told me my unit had moved yesterday. Had walked about 10 to 12 miles. Got on

Page 170 train at Maricourt about 2 p.m. and got to Amiens when told no train to Vigny-Court where my unit now is until 6-7 a.m. in morning. Had difficulty getting pass into town to get a meal and feeling dead beat and worn out. In Y.M.C.A. tonight.

Tuesday 19th December, 1916

Stayed in Y.M.C.A. by Amiens station all night, place crowded and had to stand up most of time, also very cold. Caught a train at 6-7 a.m. and arrived at Vignacourt about 7.30 a.m. Very large village and had to walk round for about an hour before found where our unit was billetted. Had breakfast and was glad to turn into bed in a loft full of straw. Slept through till tea-time when got up and had tea. Received some letters and Xmas cards then had yarn with the boys. Turned in about 8 p.m.

Wednesday 20th December, 1916

Got up this morning about 8 a.m. and had breakfast. Are running a small hospital for chaps with colds and influenza in barn beneath our loft. Had shave and good clean up then re-arranged my kit before dinner. On duty at 2 p.m., had ten patients in with very bad colds, fairly busy all afternoon, very cold and place awfully draughty. Some of our chaps got Xmas parcels from home today and we have been eating nearly all day. After tea did little writing and turned in about 9 p.m. Off duty 8 p.m. Thursday 21st December, 1916

Slept as sound as a top and up at 8.30 a.m. this morning. After breakfast gave a hand generally till dinner time and then went on duty at 2 p.m. for the afternoon shift. Got a dozen patients in today all suffering from the effects of the cold weather. Rained today. Had a few dressings and various odd duties to attend to and then tea at 5 p.m. After tea gave patients cocoa at 7.30 p.m. and then did some writing. Getting very good tucker just now. Off duty 8 p.m. and turned in 9 p.m.

Friday 22nd December, 1916

Up at 8.30 a.m. and had breakfast, getting very good tucker just now. Did few odd jobs this morning, very cold and raining, went out at 11 a.m. and had cup of coffee. On duty at 2 p.m., only ten patients in today, few dressings etc. Did some writing before tea and received three letters, one from home, two from Dais. Tea at 5 p.m. after which cleaned up and was busy writing till 8 p.m. when went off duty and then played bridge till 9 p.m. Cold again tonight and turned in 9.30 p.m.

Saturday 23rd December, 1916

Up at 8.30 a.m. and had breakfast. Afterwards got cleaned and shaved. Getting large sick parades, nearly all the men suffering from severe colds. Had French kiddie about 8 years old in, slate blew off roof and gashed his face, sent him to Amiens hospital. Very cold, raining and blowing a gale. On duty at 2 p.m., a dozen patients in. Our hospital is an old barn and patients lie on straw. Am on committee for Xmas dinner and we had a meeting this afternoon. After tea wrote three letters and then turned in at 9 p.m.

Sunday 24th December, 1916

Got up about 8.30 a.m. and had breakfast, raining and very cold so went back to bed again till 12 noon as am not on duty till 2 p.m. Only 10 patients in today, some foments and dressings, chaps coming in all the time for cough medicine. Tea at 5 p.m. then cleaned up and did dressings again. Had to go up

Page 171 street to foment boil on sick officer. Most of boys went to church tonight so stayed in and looked after hospital. Wrote letter. Off duty 8 p.m. and turned in.

Monday 25th December, 1916

Xmas day, my 3rd Xmas from home. Did not get up till 12 noon, raining and very cold. On duty 2 p.m., gave Xmas boxes from Aust. to patients, did not get our own, but had one from our old O.C. Col. Beeston. Did dressings etc. and gave patients tea at 4 p.m., Xmas cake etc. Had dinner ourselves at 5 p.m. in hired room, very good, goose, vegetables, pudding and cakes. Geese cost 35/- each, bought from regimental fund, good job. Spent very pleasant evening, finished 8 p.m. and returned to billet and to bed.

Tuesday 26th December, 1916

Stayed in bed again till 12 noon, still raining and cold, mud very rotten and boots wet through. Big lot of men losing their voices. On duty 2 p.m., did dressings etc. and various odd jobs till tea time 5 p.m. Only six patients today, having evacuated some to C.C.S. After tea some of boys went to concert in village. Stayed behind and had game of bridge then wrote letters till turned in at 9 p.m. A.D.M.S. inspected our billet today, all correct.

Wednesday 27th December, 1916

Got up about 11 a.m. and gave a hand with some dressings till dinner time at 12.30 p.m. On duty at 2 p.m. and had good number more dressings, foments etc. to do. Received a large parcel from home this afternoon. Have about 20 patients in hospital. Our Staff Sgt. dispenser (Bankier) received notice to be ready to go to O.T.C. in England tomorrow. After getting everything done by about 3.30 p.m. had game of bridge till tea time at 5 p.m. After tea and had cleaned up wrote four letters. Off duty 9 p.m. and turned in.

Thursday 28th December, 1916

Was coughing a good deal last night and did not sleep too well. Up at 10.30 a.m., very hard white frost overnight and pretty cold. Gave a hand with patients and had a walk up street with S.S. Bankier before dinner, who left us today for O.T.C. England. On duty at 2 p.m. About two dozen patients, did dressings etc. and gave out medicines, after which had game of bridge till tea-time at 5 p.m. Cleaned up after tea and then played bridge till went off duty at 8 p.m. when had some rum and milk and turned in.

Friday 29th December, 1916

Did not cough so much last night, but was very restless and did not sleep well. Got up at 10.30 a.m. and got out some medicine for Major Bentley. Dinner 12.30 p.m. General parade at 2.15 p.m. in full marching order and inspection by A.D.M.S. Did not go myself as had to stay and look after hospital, kept pretty busy, about 20 patients. Tea at 5 p.m. At 5.30 p.m. went to divisional boxing tournament held in Hall in village. One of our men Dvr. Perry won his contest. Very good show, back at billet 9.30 p.m. and turned in.

Saturday 30th December, 1916

Page 172 Had very rotten night, cough very bad and perspired heavily, hardly slept at all but fell asleep about 7 a.m. and did not get up till 12 midday. General parade at 11.30 a.m. but did not get up for it. On duty at 2 p.m. At 2.30 p.m. things being alright went with four other chaps to large house where lady lent us piano and had a practice at "Sweet and Low" which we are to sing on Monday night. Returned for tea at 5 p.m. Cleaned up, gave out medicines and read newspaper. Off duty 8 p.m. and turned in 8.30 p.m.

Sunday 31st December, 1916

Slept very poorly again last night, cough worrying me considerably. Got up about 8.30 a.m. doing various odd jobs during morning and had walk up street before dinner. At 1.30 p.m. went round and had another practice at our various songs and part song till 3 p.m. when came back to billet and yarned till tea-time at 5 p.m. After tea wrote letters and then played bridge and talked till about 9 p.m. when turned in.

Page 173

1917 First page reads:

Belgium Nov. 11th - 17

2063 Sapper W. D. Lycett 15th Aust L.R.O. Co'y B.E.F. France and of

126 Railway Place Flemington Melbourne Victoria Australia

Should the owner of this diary be unfortunate enough to lose it, will the finder please forward it to

Miss D. Hill 40 Mirams St. Ascot Vale Melbourne Victoria Australia and accept the grateful thanks of the owner.

Page 175 Monday 1st January, 1917

Slept better, up 5.30, gave hand to fix up hall for tonight, had practice song. On duty 2 p.m., early tea for patients and at hall 5 p.m., nice spread. New O.C. Col. Follet present. Sang in two quartets, "Sweet and low" and "O who will oe'r the downs", also sang "My little grey home in the west". Evening closed 8 p.m., went to billet and played bridge. Turned in 10 p.m.

Tuesday 2nd January, 1917

Slept well and up 8.30, did some washing. Orders out for us to move tomorrow, got my equipment ready. Did some writing before dinner. Packed panniers etc. this afternoon and loaded them on G.S. Wagon. Cleaned up and fixed everything for early start in morning. Very quiet evening and turned in 8 p.m.

Wednesday 3rd January, 1917

Slept splendidly. Reveille 6.30, rolled blankets, had wash and breakfast 7.15 then loaded blankets on Amb. Wagon. On parade 8.15, marched out 9 a.m. Passed through Fresselles, Villers-Brocage and Rainville to Cardonette, 10 miles. Arrived 1 p.m., billetted in old barn, very muddy marching. Had game bridge and in bed 8 p.m.

Thursday 4th January, 1917

Reveille 7.30. Breakfast 8 a.m. and on parade 8.45, marched out 9. Passed through St. Gration and had dinner in road at Quersiere about 12.30 then marched on to Ribemont about 12 miles, arrived about 4.30 p.m., rained all the way and terribly muddy. Lots of German prisoners roadmaking. Billetted in large mill. After tea went to good concert. Back and in bed 9 p.m.

Friday 5th January, 1917

Reveille 7 a.m. After breakfast had shave and good wash in River Anen. General parade at 9 a.m., roll call and orders, our section (A) for duty. Detailed men to assist at sick parade then went to cafe and had coffee with some of the boys. After dinner Lieut. Kirkland, 4th bgde Machine Gun Coy asked me to play for his team (soccer) against Anzac Hdqtrs, did so and we won 4-0. Back to mill for tea then had game of bridge and into bed at 7.30 p.m.

Saturday 6th January, 1917

Reveille 7.30 a.m. and on parade 8 a.m., roll call and orders then issued again with gas respirators and steel helmets as will be moving tomorrow. Dismissed and walked to Buire about 3 miles and had bath, back for dinner. Parade 2 p.m. and dismissed. Sent Harry and another man as guard on G.S. Wagon to Becordel. Had game bridge before tea, then arranged kit for morning and in bed 7.30 p.m.

Page 176 Sunday 7th January, 1917

Reveille 6.30 a.m. Parade 8 a.m. and marched out 8.30 a.m. Arrived Becordel 1 p.m. and put in marquee. Busy afternoon fitting up tent for dressings, operations etc. and turned in 9 p.m. Very muddy and cold.

Monday 8th January, 1917

Up at 7.30 a.m. and on duty 8.30. Completed arrangements in dressing tent, only two wounded cases today but number of dressings. Very cold and squally day, miserable. Relieved and went off duty 8.30 p.m. and turned into bed 9.30 p.m.

Tuesday 9th January, 1917

Up 7.30. Breakfast 8 and on duty 8.30. Cleaned and tidied for inspection at 10 a.m. No. of dressings, did not have any wounded in all day. Very cold, feet wet all day, camp very badly laid out. Posted my photo's home, wrote couple of letters and off duty 8.30 p.m., in bed 9.

Wednesday 10th January, 1917

Up 7.30, had breakfast and on duty 8.30. Got everything fixed up for inspection at 10 a.m. by O.C.'s. Good no. of dressings today, only one wounded case, very severe compound fracture skull. Bitterly cold again today and place a sea of mud. Wrote couple letters tonight. Off duty 8.30 p.m. and in bed 9.

Thursday 11th January, 1917

Was woke this morning at 7 a.m. by very heavy gun fire on our left, lasted about hour. Up 7.30 and on duty 8.30, had wounded case in night away, only one dressing etc. Wrote some letters. Spoke to Major Bentley re my promotion and wrote application to O.C. Col. Follit. Little snow, very dark tonight. Off duty 8.30, in bed 9 p.m.

Friday 12th January, 1917

Up 7.30, had breakfast and on duty 8.30, dressings etc. and 3 wounded cases. O.C. sent for me re my application for promotion. Shifted our panniers as someone has been at them. Guns going pretty solidly at intervals. Were paid this afternoon. Finished duty 8.30 and turned in 9 p.m. Received 2 letters.

Saturday 13th January, 1917

Up 7.30, had breakfast and on duty 8.30 a.m. Quiet day again, only one wounded case, dressings etc. Very cold and little snow fell but melted at once. Wrote letters this evening. Off duty 8.30 p.m., in bed 9 p.m.

Sunday 14th January, 1917

Page 177 Same as yesterday, one wounded. Snowed a little and very cold. Not got promotion I applied for. Monday 15th January, 1917

Up 7.30, breakfast and on duty 8.30, very frosty and cold. In full charge of tent sub. div. again. Went through panniers and refitted them again. Dressings, foments and one wounded case. Off duty 8.30 p.m. and turned in 9 p.m.

Tuesday 16th January, 1917

Very cold night. Up 7.30, on duty 8.30, very frosty again. Washed and oiled panniers this morning, dressings etc. One wounded case this evening, had game of cards and wrote letter. Off duty 8.30 p.m., in bed 9 p.m.

Wednesday 17th January, 1917

Up 7.30 and on duty 8.30 a.m. Snow fell during night, three or four inches deep this morning and more falling. Had two wounded cases today and usual dressings. Fixed up and re-arranged basket panniers today. Off duty 8.30 p.m. Had to stay on duty tonight.

Thursday 18th January, 1917

Lay down in operating tent about 2 a.m. and was woke at 5, two wounded coming in. Had 6 wounded today in. 14th Field Amb. arrived and relieved us at 7.30 p.m. Pretty busy in various small ways today. Turned in about 9 p.m. Sleeping in theatre to look after our instruments etc.

Friday 19th January, 1917

Up at 7.30, had breakfast and on duty 8.30 at preparatory tent cleaning wounded and putting them into pyjamas. Very cold, snow still on ground, only 2 men and myself on job. Harry in dispensary only had 3 cases and relieved at 8.30 p.m. by C Section. In bed 9 p.m.

Saturday 20th January, 1917

Up 7.30 had breakfast and on duty 8.30. Kept fairly busy today, had good no. of cases, heavy bombardment going on. Very cold again. Off duty 8.30 p.m. and in bed 9 p.m.

Sunday 21st January, 1917

Same as yesterday, not so much doing. Frosty and very cold, had bath at Fricourt, think caught chill, feel very sick tonight.

Monday 22nd January, 1917

Had rotten night, vomited and strained heavily. Up at 7.30, feel as if torn to pieces. Little more snow and bitter cold. Saw Charlie Price a friend in 14th Field Amb. who

Page 178 left us today. Passed very miserable day and went on duty in charge operating theatre 8.30 p.m. Feel anyhow, nothing doing up to midnight.

Tuesday 23rd January, 1917

Did not have case in and went off duty 8.30 a.m. Got into bed, feel sick. Fritz plane over this morning, guns bombarding heavily all day. Very frosty 36 degrees below freezing point can't get warm. Up for tea and on duty 8.30 p.m. Nothing doing up to midnight.

Wednesday 24th January, 1917

Two cases early this morning, one died, amputated his arm, worked at him for two hours. Wrote birthday letter to Dais and off duty 8.30 a.m. Bitter cold again, feel little better but not too good. Fritz plane over again this morning very high. In bed 10 a.m. Up for tea and on duty 8.30 p.m. 2 slight cases. Enemy planes over just before midnight.

Thursday 25th January, 1917

Had no cases after midnight, off duty 8.30 a.m. Very frosty again. Enemy plane over 10 a.m. Made grate for stove in officers' mess and put new lense in Col's pinz nez. Turned in about 1 p.m. slept till 8 p.m., on duty 8.30 p.m. Had row with Sgt. James, threatens orderly room in morning. No cases up to midnight.

Friday 26th January, 1917

No cases came in and off duty 8.30 a.m. Very cold and frosty. Fritz aeroplane over about 10 a.m., driven off by gun fire. Sharp heavy bombardment on our left early in morning. In bed 11 a.m., up 8 p.m. and on duty 8.30. Still very cold. Electric installation failed, one captured from Germans.

Saturday 27th January, 1917

Had no cases at all in and went off duty 8.30 a.m. Fritz plane over again 10 and 11 a.m. Saw Capt. Furber re tucker which is very bad, made no headway. Dinner 12.30 and in bed 1.30 p.m. Up 8 p.m. and on duty 8.30, two cases before midnight, very windy and frosty.

Sunday 28th January, 1917

No cases after midnight, off duty 8.30. Fritz plane over. Turned in after dinner. On duty 8.30 p.m. 3 cases before midnight.

Monday 29th January, 1917

No cases after midnight and off duty 8.30 a.m. Still frosty and cold. Fritz plane over before dinner. Turned in 1 p.m. and up again 8 p.m. On duty 8.30 p.m. Shells

Page 179 passing over us from enemy guns bursting "Albert". Fritz plane up about mile away, heavy explosions. Had four cases before midnight.

Tuesday 30th January, 1917

No more cases in, off duty 8.30. Four of us walked to Albert, saw where bomb dropped close to road, very big crater. Snowed a little today and wind very sharp. Turned in after dinner till 8 p.m. On duty 8.30, our guns going solidly. No cases before midnight so did some writing.

Wednesday 31st January, 1917

One case at 2 a.m., did some more writing and off duty at 8.30 a.m. About two inches of snow this morning but not so cold as wind has dropped. Had breakfast and turned in 10 a.m. Slept most of day till 7.30 p.m. when got up and went on duty 8.30. Guns going sharply at intervals. Had five cases in before midnight.

Thursday 1st February, 1917

No cases after midnight so did some writing. Off duty 8 a.m. Snow still on ground but lovely and mild day. Handed in box gas respirators and received new ones. Turned in after dinner, up again 7.30 p.m. and on duty 8.30. No cases in before midnight. Frosty and cold again tonight. Can't hear guns so much today.

Friday 2nd February, 1917

No cases after midnight and off duty 8.30 a.m. Heavy firing early morning, our boys took Hun strong post. Very nice and mild day. Turned in 11 a.m. and up 8 p.m. Various rumours about, i.e. Austria capitulated, attempt to assassinate Lloyd George. On duty 8.30 p.m. Enemy plane dropped bombs about 9.30 p.m., two very close to us. No cases before midnight. Hear some of our boys are going over parapet tonight.

Saturday 3rd February, 1917

No cases and off duty 8.30 a.m. Was very cold night but nice day, snow still on ground. One of our chaps (Hicks) burned badly today. Gave patients concert tonight, I sang "An Emblem". On duty 8.30 p.m. Our guns very fierce tonight. No cases. Heard of Germany's threat to sink all ships of all nations on sight. Party of Cameron H'landers, one whose time expired tonight was killed by bomb explosion, nearly 30 others injured.

Sunday 4th February, 1917

Same routine, one case 2 a.m. Off duty 8.30 a.m. On duty 8.30 p.m. Our guns thundering tonight on our left, no wounded in. The heavy gunfire tonight is on our

Page 180 left in direction of Thiepval and Beaumont Hamel like continuous roll of thunder. Enemy shelled Albert today.

Monday 5th February, 1917

Stayed on duty till 8.30 p.m. tonight. Very heavy bombardment early this morning, hear our boys attacked successfully on 12 mile front. Only one case in all day but busy on various duties. Heard that America has given Count Bernstorf his passports. Very cold, little snow. Off duty 8.30 p.m. and in bed 9 p.m.

Tuesday 6th February, 1917

Up at 7.30 a.m. and on duty 8 a.m. Cleaned and tidied for inspection 10 a.m. by orderly officer. Various small jobs to do. Had two accident cases, not very severe. Bitterly cold wind, very biting, hard to keep warm and tucker rotten. Was cold in bed last night. Off duty 8.30 p.m.

Wednesday 7th February, 1917

Up 7.30 a.m. and on duty 8.30, cleaned for inspection. Too cold to sleep last night and have 4 blankets. Major Welch rejoined unit today and set about re-organizing camp. Has taken my men for ward duties, left on operating theatre by myself, have to sleep there in case wanted in night so am actually on duty all time. Turned in 10 p.m.

Thursday 8th February, 1917

Up 7.30 a.m. and had breakfast, got lights going, oil heaters and cleaned up, kept running round till dinner time. Just finished dinner and had to dress about 20 septic feet, busy all afternoon drawing stores etc. Very cold day, turned in 10 p.m.

Friday 9th February, 1917

Not disturbed all night, up 7.30 a.m. After breakfast cleaned up, filled lamps etc., did few dressings, drew water and general work. Expect to move into a hut in day or so, warned about it. Received a months pay today. Wrote letter after tea and in bed 10.30 p.m.

Saturday 10th February, 1917

Called up at 4 a.m. Fritz plane dropped bombs near by and one man was wounded. Tidied up after breakfast and after dinner received sudden orders to shift all gear to a hut. Worked hard till 9 p.m. and made temporary arrangements to treat wounded in new operating theatre, turned in 9.30 p.m.

Sunday 11th February, 1917

Up 7.30 a.m., busy arranging things. Played soccer against A.O.C. lost 4-1. Worked hard till 9 p.m., Harry helping me. Turned in 9.30.

Page 181 Have to arrange and set out operating theatre in good style, not a small job by any means, difficulty in getting clean linen etc.which makes great difference. Also have to sort out good stuff from rubbish.

Monday 12th February, 1917

Up at 7.30 a.m., breakfast, tidied operating theatre and busy all day improving it. Had one case, an accident. Number of innoculations against Tetanus in various wards this afternoon and few eye and ear cases to fix up. Moved our quarters into another tent but I have to sleep on my job. Turned in about 9 p.m.

Tuesday 13th February, 1917

Up at 7.30 a.m., breakfast and busy again fixing up theatre which is to be a very elaborate affair. Various small duties. Innoculated about 30 men against tetanus. Had four cases tonight, burns, chap put petrol on a fire in hut, blew up, burns very severe, some said to be dead. Warned to be ready for rush of wounded, was still preparing at midnight.

Wednesday 14th February, 1917

Busy till 2 a.m. when turned in fully dressed, no wounded came in, heard Jocks had taken some enemy trenches. Up 7.30, had breakfast and cleaned up. Very busy all morning syringing ears, innoculating and doing various jobs. Kept going again after dinner. Our guns going very solidly at intervals. Various rumours of successes. Turned in 9 p.m.

Thursday 15th February, 1917

Up 7.30 a.m. Had breakfast and cleaned up, various odd jobs assisting doctors at minor operations. Fritz plane over this morning. After dinner made some tin covers for kidney and other dishes. Kept going till tea time and this evening wrote a letter. Our guns very busy again. Seems to be a heavy one close to us, shakes the hut violently. Turned in 9.30 p.m.

Friday 16th February, 1917

Small ammunition dump of ours accidentally blown up today, caused by dud shell, heard explosion and saw cloud of smoke further up valley. Fritz planes over and dropped number of bombs about 5.45 a.m in our vicinity, but did not wake me, they also used their machine guns. Up at 7.15 a.m., breakfast and cleaned up, various small jobs in theatre. This afternoon our planes were very active and our guns going solidly. Weather much milder today. In bed 10 p.m.

Saturday 17th February, 1917

Up at 7.15 a.m., our guns at that time pounding heavily. After breakfast cleaned up and made various improvements. Usual number of dressings and small jobs during

Page 182 day. Weather warm but looks like rain, rain fell heavily about 8.30 p.m. Turned in 9.30 p.m.

Sunday 18th February, 1917

Up 7.30 a.m., usual routine, very muddy, guns not so loud but few shells from Fritz passed over us. Wrote letter and turned in 10 p.m.

Monday 19th February, 1917

Up 7.30 a.m., had breakfast and cleaned up. Few dressings, one accidental bayonet wound, innoculations for tetanus, hypodermic injections and other small duties. Some dissension amongst officers caused by Major Welch. Afternoon very quiet, only odd job or two. Rumour of us moving at end of week. Wrote letter and in bed 10 p.m. Officer gave dinner to Div. Comm. Gen. Holmes and to Brigadier Gen. Brand.

Tuesday 20th February, 1917

Up 7.30 a.m., breakfast and cleaned up for daily inspection, Capt. Douglas orderly officer. Few dressings etc. and two wounded to fix up, one bayonet wounds in thigh and other shot through foot. Expected to be leaving about Friday but latest reports are that moving orders have been cancelled. Rained fairly constantly, in bed 10 p.m.

Wednesday 21st February, 1917

Reveille 7 a.m. Breakfast 7.30 a.m. Cleaned up for inspection at 10 a.m. Had usual few dressings before dinner. Quiet afternoon for us but our guns to the left towards the Anere were pretty busy all day. Very muddy but not cold at all. Grenade accident at Mametz today, 4 of 15th Btn. injured. Very tired, turned in 9 p.m.

Thursday 22nd February, 1917

Was very sick at 11.45 p.m. last night, sort of Biliousness, up at 7.15 a.m. Feel just little bit shaky. Had few dressings, couple of Fritz prisoners among them, rained again and awfully muddy. Moving orders very uncertain. C. Section bearers went this morning to Millancourt. Wrote letters after tea and in bed 9 p.m.

Friday 23rd February, 1917

Slept well and up at 7.15 a.m. Breakfast and cleaned up for inspection, O.C. very pleased with arranging of theatre. Few dressings before dinner, and afterwards packed some of our panniers as might have to move at short notice. Were paid at 2 p.m. Did some sewing after tea and turned in about 9 p.m. Feel a little shaky.

Saturday 24th February, 1917

Page 183

Slept pretty well and up 7.15 a.m. Was called up at 11.45 last night for morphia. Few dressings this morning. Very busy packing as far as possible ready to move tomorrow. Slightly frosty, our guns pretty busy. Turned in 9.30 p.m.

Sunday 25th February, 1917

Up at 7.15 a.m., had breakfast and finished packing panniers. Worked hard and loaded panniers and gear on the G.S. Wagon by 10.30 a.m. On parade and marched out 10.45 in full marching order, carrying full kits with 2 blankets and waterproof, passed through Albert and Millancourt and arrived at Laviaville at 1.30 p.m. Billetted in old barn, had dinner, very small village, hardly any civilians left. News given out as official that Germans have evacuated Bapaume and retired a good distance, fairly cold tonight so turned in at 7 p.m.

Monday 26th February, 1917

Reveille 7 a.m. Breakfast 7.30. On parade at 9.30 a.m. Roll call, orders and dismissed to billets. On parade again 10.30 a.m. Major Welch took us for route march through Henencourt close to Warloy. Did 144 paces per minute on return. Dinner 1 p.m. On parade at 1.45 p.m., had kit inspection by O.C. and dismissed, removed to barn next door, slightly better. Our guns sound very busy tonight, turned in 8 p.m.

Tuesday 27th February, 1917

Reveille 7 a.m., breakfast 7.30. On parade 9 a.m. Major Welch took us for march through Henenc't and Millanc't, also gave us section drill till dinner time 12.30 noon, very stiff going. On parade 1.45 p.m. Major Welch and Capt. Spargo took us for short march and section drill till tea time 4.30 p.m. After tea sat talking to W.O. Mr. Baber till 9 p.m. when turned in. No confirmation of fall of Bapaume but British advance.

Wednesday 28th February, 1917

Our guns sound very active though far away. Reveille 7 a.m. Breakfast 7.30. On parade 9 a.m., went for bath to Millancourt, not much good, back for dinner. This afternoon had football practice as 12th Field Amb. have challenged us for tomorrow. Other men went for route march. Tea 4.30 p.m. News of further British victories, fall of Kut yesterday. Had plate of Quaker oats with Mr. Baber and turned in about 9 p.m. Guns booming solidly. Thursday 1st March, 1917

Reveille 7 a.m. Breakfast 7.30. On parade 9 a.m., marched up road and had physical drill, squad and stretcher drill and semaphoring till 12 noon. Holiday this afternoon, went to Ribemont and saw 4th M.G.'s play 1st Grenadier Guards soccer, Guards won 5-2. Back just after tea. Enemy still retiring. Had game of bridge and turned in 9 p.m.

Friday 2nd March, 1917

Page 184

Reveille 7 a.m., breakfast 7.30. One of our chaps very sick and feverish, missed 9 a.m. parade to arrange for his welfare. Had my boots soled. On parade 2 p.m., short route march and inspection of feet followed leg washing and treatment for prevention of trench foot. Our troops still advancing, guns going in the distance. Received two letters, did some writing and in bed 9 p.m.

Saturday 3rd March, 1917

Reveille 7 a.m., breakfast 7.30 a.m. No water for wash. Escaped 9 a.m. parade and went for walk to aerodrome, heard lecture on signalling to planes and back for dinner. On parade 2 p.m., went for route march and drill with Major Welch then foot wash with trench foot soap and powder. Had game cards after tea and in bed 9 p.m.

Sunday 4th March, 1917 Usual routine, route march and drill before dinner. Route march, foot washing this afternoon. Turned in 9 p.m. Route march this morning through Henenc't, Samlis and Millanc't. After dinner parade to gas school and found out should be tomorrow. W. Hill came to see me today.

Monday 5th March, 1917

Reveille 7 a.m., breakfast 7.30 a.m. At 8.30 loaded our panniers etc. on G.S. Wagon and marched out 11 a.m. Arrived Millancourt 11.30 a.m. and were attached to 3rd A.F. Amb. Have charge of 9 billet wards, very busy all day arranging my men on duties and supplying necessaries. Have good barn billet, stretchers and straw mattresses. Capts. Spargo and Tooth with us. Things pretty well fixed up when turned in at 8.30 p.m.

Tuesday 6th March, 1917

Reveille 6.30 a.m. Parade, roll call and orders 7 a.m. My men on duty at 8 a.m. Made ration statement for my wards for 9 a.m. and various other duties. Dinner 12.30 noon and ration state again 2 p.m. and then had statement at 3.30 p.m. Kept pretty busy till 4 p.m. Had my name taken for using 27th M.A.C. Latrines. Seems very funny. Tea at 4.30 p.m. Afterwards wrote letters, frosty again tonight. In bed 9 p.m.

Wednesday 7th March, 1917

Reveille 6.30 a.m., escaped 7 a.m. parade, made out ration state and visited my wards before 9 a.m. Various other duties before dinner. Made out 2 p.m. ration state and 3.30 p.m. bed state, then walked to Laviaville and played rubgy against D.A.C. beating them 6-0. Felt very sick at half time so did not continue. Awfully cold wind, strong and freezing hard. Back at billet and in bed at 9 p.m.

Thursday 8th March, 1917

Did not get up till 7.30 a.m., very cold again, feel a bit shaky. Same duties as yesterday. Had snow and sunshine at intervals but wind strong and bitter cold. Sir

Page 185 Douglas Haig and H.R.H. Prince of Wales passed through this morning. Did some writing after tea and played bridge, turning in at 9 p.m.

Friday 9th March, 1917

Reveille 6.30 a.m., did not go on 7 a.m. parade. Breakfast 7.30 a.m. then did my round, afterwards writing a letter. Cold again today and snowed at intervals. After dinner did my rounds again and finished 4 p.m. Tea 4.30 p.m. after which played bridge till 9 p.m. when turned in.

Saturday 10th March, 1917

Same routine as yesterday, drizzling rain part of morning but not so cold. After dinner we received our A.I.F. Xmas gift boxes, mine from Footscray, better late than never. Wrote a letter and was paid during afternoon. After tea played bridge till bed time 9 p.m.

Sunday 11th March, 1917

Same routine today again. Applied for leave to go to Amiens tomorrow but did not get it. Wrote a letter and turned in at 9 p.m.

Monday 12th March, 1917

Reveille 6.30 a.m. Do not go out on 7 a.m. parade. After breakfast made out my ration statement and went back to billet and cleaned up my equipment for inspection by D.D.M.S. tomorrow. Ration and bed states this afternoon and then wrote a letter. Received news of capture of Bagdad by our troops this evening. Arranged with Capt. Tooth for inspection and in bed 9 p.m.

Tuesday 13th March, 1917

Reveille 6.30, breakfast 7.30 a.m. and on parade in full marching order at 9 a.m. Proceeded to Laviaville at 9.30 and inspected by O.C. Marched to paddock at 11 a.m. and inspected by A.D.M.S. D.D.M.S. not present, everything satisfactory. Arrived back at billet 12.30 noon, wrote letters this afternoon, had game of bridge after tea and in bed 9 p.m.

Wednesday 14th March, 1917

Reveille 6.30 a.m., breakfast 7.30 a.m. Mornings duties as usual, applied for days leave for Amiens, did not get it. After dinner went to Laviaville and our corps played 45th Battn. Rugby and Soccer, won former by 3 points to nil, and latter by 3 goals to nil. Played in soccer game, ground very muddy, raining hard just before game. Had hot bath and back at billet 5.30 p.m. Had tea and read and in bed at 8 p.m.

Thursday 15th March, 1917

Reveille 6.30 a.m., breakfast 7.30 a.m. Major Bentley down here with us now. Days duties as usual, strong rumours of British successes and boys in great spirits. Cold

Page 186 day but very clear and sky blue. Our planes going over in great numbers and our guns being heard rumbling like thunder. O.C. inspected our billets and village was inspected by Gen. Birdwood. Had cup of cocoa and in bed 9 p.m.

Friday 16th March, 1917

Reveille 6.30 a.m., breakfast 7.30 a.m. Very cold day again today, could not get warm. Days routine as usual. Filled in hour or so in Sgt's quarters. Various war rumours, sky clear this afternoon and planes very busy. Watching farm people thrashing oats, old fashioned treadmill. In bed 9 p.m.

Saturday 17th March, 1917

Guns going heavily when woke this morning, had breakfast and usual routine. Received news that Austn. troops in Bapaume, also Russian revolution. Great numbers of cavalry passed through village today in direction of line, Indian and British. In bed 9.30 p.m.

Sunday 18th March, 1917

Routine as usual, played Soccer against 3rd F. Amb., lost 2-0. Beautiful day, splendid news of allied successes. Had game of bridge and in bed 9 p.m.

Monday 19th March, 1917

Reveille 6.30, breakfast 7.30 a.m., ration state 9 a.m. Loaded panniers on G.S.Wagon at 10 a.m. ready to move out at 2 p.m. At 11 a.m. got orders to report at Gas school for two days anti-gas instruction along with L/Cpl. Donald. Went to school and reported at 3.30 p.m. about half way to Albert. Have to report again at 9.30 in morning. Slept in same old billet, turning in at 9 p.m.

Tuesday 20th March, 1917

Up at 7.30 a.m. Had breakfast and at anti-gas school at 9.15 a.m. At 9.30 a.m. an officer started and gave us lecture till 12 noon. Had dinner and back for 2 p.m. lecture again till 4 p.m. and Helmet drill till 4.30 p.m., also went through Lachrymatory gas (tear gas). Back for tea, had yarn and in bed 9 p.m.

Wednesday 21st March, 1917

Up at 7.30 a.m., had breakfast and at gas school 9.15 a.m. Had lecture, helmet drill and went through strong concentration of chlorine gas for test. Had to play Rugby football for our corps against 4th Machine Gunners, had good game, draw 8 points each. Packed my gear and joined section at Laviaville, moving in morning. Great numbers cavalry moving up. In bed 9 p.m.

Thursday 22nd March, 1917

Reveille 7 a.m., breakfast 7.30 a.m. Packed up and on parade in full marching order carrying bed roll at 9.45. Moved out at 10 a.m. passing through Millanc't, Albert,

Page 187 Becordal to Fricourt. Had dinner en route and arrived and put in huts about 2 p.m. About 7 miles but tired, packs and blankets heavy. Unloaded part of our panniers and turned in about 8.30 p.m. Hail and snow.

Friday 23rd March, 1917

Reveille 7 a.m., breakfast 7.30. Parade 9 a.m., roll call and orders, then assisted at sick parade. Sun shining but very cold and bleak wind. Not a wall left standing in the village, only old trenches, ammunition and rubbish. After dinner went to divisional baths and had bath. Wrote letter tonight and in bed 9.30.

Saturday 24th March, 1917

Reveille 7 a.m., breakfast 7.30. Parade 9 a.m., roll call and orders. Kept busy at sick parade till dinner time, expect to move on any day. Wrote letter this afternoon, sunny day but wind rotten and bitter cold. Capt. Furber back. In bed 8.30 p.m.

Sunday 25th March, 1917

Same routine as yesterday, beautiful spring day, did some writing and in bed 9 p.m.

Monday 26th March, 1917

Reveille 7 a.m., breakfast 7.30 a.m. Raining and blowing a gale. Parade at 9 a.m., roll call and orders. Sick parade 9.30 a.m. Dinner 12.30 noon. General parade at 2.30 p.m., movement orders read, are to go to Bapaume tomorrow. Loaded our G.S. Wagon and got everything ready for early start. Had game of cards and in bed 8.30 p.m. Raining hard and blowing tonight.

Tuesday 27th March, 1917

Reveille 7 a.m., breakfast 7.30 and on parade full marching order 9 a.m. Marched out of camp to Contalmaison by road then on duckboards across country over old enemy trenches, passing through Martinpuich and Le Sars where we had dinner. These villages utterly destroyed, evidences of wanton destruction, also of casualties mostly enemy. After dinner moved up on main Bapaume road, mine craters at intervals. As we got nearer the ground was not so shell torn and patches of green grass showed. Snow, sleet and hail. Entered Bapaume just before tea, not a whole building standing and every tree cut down. Terrible night, put tent up in garden to sleep in, then had look round working party which were digging out bodies of Light Horse and Aust. Comforts fund from ruins of town hall which went up by a mine after our occupation. Turned in about 8 p.m. Harry's 21st birthday. Bapaume still burning when entered.

Wednesday 28th March, 1917

Reveille 7 a.m., breakfast 7.30 a.m., on parade 9 a.m. On general fatigue salvage work getting good timber from ruins for our camp. Worked hard till 12.30 then dinner. At it again 1.30 p.m. and going strong till 3 p.m. when stopped as expect to

Page 188 move on tomorrow. Had wash, first for two days, also shave and then tea, after which visited cemetery, showed signs of vandalism, then to fort, very strongly arranged. Our planes very busy and guns going. Turned in 9 p.m.

Thursday 29th March,1917

Wet night again. Reveille at 7 a.m., breakfast 7.30 and on parade 9 a.m. Commenced to pitch camp on paddock about 200 yards away. Building officers' Mess room 20' x 12' all day from timber gathered from ruins. Ground very deep with mud, feet wet through and generally miserable. Rained in heavy showers all day. Tea at 4.30 p.m., had yarn and in bed 7.30 p.m. Raining hard.

Friday 30th March, 1917

Reveille 7 a.m., breakfast 7.30, on parade 9 a.m. Roll call, then took my men to job again, bit of pioneer and engineer about us now. Shifted our tent to new site and laid out camp. Worked hard till 4.30 p.m. on officers' mess. Saw some of our tri-planes today. Fly very prettily. After tea laid boards to sleep on as ground so muddy and wet and in bed 7 p.m.

Saturday 31st March, 1917

Reveille 7 a.m., breakfast 7.30. On parade 9 a.m. and went on with erection of Officers' mess shed. Had to go to old billet and supervise removal of our panniers. Worked hard all day and turned in 8.30 p.m.

Sunday 1st April, 1917

On parade 9 a.m. and on mess shed at 10 a.m. Got ready to receive wounded by 12. Odd case or so, plenty sick. On duty till 10 p.m. then into bed.

Monday 2nd April, 1917

Reveille 7 a.m., breakfast 7.30 and on duty 8 a.m. Wounded started coming in about 9 a.m., walking cases only, very busy and worked hard. Big attack on our troops going forward. Huns shelled this town and round about us, one shell lobbing about 10 yards from our tent. Got dinner about 3.15. Managed to get all cases through, dressed 250 up to being relieved at 8 p.m. Our O.C. and A.D.M.S. and all concerned highly pleased. Tired tonight, in bed 9 p.m.

Tuesday 3rd April, 1917

Reveille 7 a.m., breakfast 7.30 a.m., on duty 8 a.m. at dressing tent. Fritz shelled this way again today lobbing one at entrance to O.C.'s tent. Kept pretty busy all day. Just after tea a Fritz plane came over and set two of our observation balloons on fire but was hit himself and brought down in our lines, rather exciting, balloons were

Page 189 close to us. About 30 of our cases yesterday were Germans, heard our boys took 500 prisoners. Off duty 8 p.m. and in bed 9 p.m.

Wednesday 4th April, 1917

Reveille 7 a.m. breakfast 7.30, on duty 8 a.m. Fixed up our dressing tent decently today, had fair number of cases. The advance still going on. Snowed today and very muddy. Heard fritz retired 2000 yards last night. Enemy shelled town again nearly got our horses. Only one very slight casualty in town so far. Rumours of success near Arras and 4000 prisoners. Off duty 8 p.m. in bed 9 p.m. Thursday 5th April, 1917

Reveille 7 a.m., breakfast 7.30 and on duty 8 a.m. Had few wounded this morning but not too busy. Just after dinner started write letter enemy plane dropped 2 bombs about 100 yards away, 3 wounded brought in to us, trephined one but he died also one of others died, very badly smashed up. Lot of walking cases from the line, kept going at top speed until relieved at 8 p.m. Been lovely day today. Turned in 9 p.m.

Friday 6th April, 1917

Reveille 7 a.m., breakfast 7.30 a.m. and on duty 8 a.m., very nice morning, had fair number of patients. Enemy plane came over, lot of our guns moving up and heavy bombarding in Arras direction. Received orders have to move camp, are going about 2 miles further up, shifted part of camp today but going on with our work. Had about 300 sick and wounded this afternoon, very busy. Wrote letter, off duty 8 p.m. and in bed 9 p.m.

Saturday 7th April, 1917

Routine as usual till tea time when packed up, loaded wagon and set out for new camp about 2 1/2 miles beyond Bapaume. Enemy shelled round our old camp, caught A.S.C., caused no. of casualties, 6 being killed. Dropped one on road just behind us. Reached new camp site and got prepared to start work in morning. Busy till 10 p.m. when turned in.

Sunday 8th April, 1917

Up 7 a.m., after breakfast very busy fixing up, had few wounded and sick, also escaped tommy prisoner. Glorious day, expecting our troops to make big attack soon, in bed 10 p.m. The escaped prisoner was a 5th Dorset Regt. taken by Huns at Beaumont Hamel nearly three months ago. Had been working 13 Kilometers behind enemy's lines, escaped last night, wounded slightly through arm. In shocking verminous state, said he had had very bad time.

Monday 9th April, 1917

Rained most of night and wild sort of day. Very heavy bombardment to the north early this morning. Usual routine, on duty 8 a.m. till 8 p.m., some wounded through. Could see fritz's shells bursting on ridge ahead of us. Various orders going round,

Page 190 told to expect to advance at any time. Rumours of good news viz:- success at Arras and district, large no. of prisoners 10 to 20,000, 19 enemy tanks captured and about 60 guns. Enemy plane over very high. In bed 10 p.m.

Tuesday 10th April, 1917

Up 7 a.m. and on duty 8 a.m. Snowed a good deal today but not very cold, wind boisterous. Had few wounded in and were relieved by B. section at 2 p.m. C. Section arrived today from Millencourt. At 8 p.m. A and C section bearers went out up the line and I turned in . Have to be on duty at 2 a.m. in the morning. Expect heavy stunt tonight or early morning.

Wednesday 11th April, 1917

Up 1.30 a.m. and on duty 2 a.m. Only few cases up to 7.30 a.m. when large numbers started arriving. Worked for my life till 6 p.m. by which time we had dressed and fed nearly 700 wounded. Our attack was successful but positions could not be held against enemy counters. Hard luck. On duty again 8 p.m. Heard some of our bearers have been made prisoners, not true. Our casualties heavy, treated about 900 up to midnight.

Thursday 12th April, 1917

Going strong until 2 a.m. when relieved, believe enemy losses greater than ours. Turned into bed 2.30 a.m. almost too tired to sleep, ache all over. Up for dinner and on duty at 2 p.m. Wounded nearly all finished but was told to be ready to move to rear in morning, our division to be withdrawn on account of severe losses. It is very terrible. Worked hard packing up till 8.30 p.m. and am absolutely done up. Had a wash and clean up by 9.30 p.m. and turned in 10 p.m.

Friday 13th April, 1917

Reveille 6.30 a.m., on parade 6.45, roll call and orders. Finished packing up, loaded G.S. Wagon and on motor char-a-bang by 8.15 a.m. Sorry to have to go back. Arrived at Becordel via Martinpuich and Posieres about 11 a.m. and took over at once from 7th F.A. Div. rest station. Everything very disorganized and men tired out, was very busy arranging things all afternoon and did not get to bed till 11.30. Feel like a thorough holiday and rest, work this last four days being such a strain and so severe.

Saturday 14th April, 1917

Up 7.30 a.m., had breakfast, unloaded our wagon and carried panniers etc. to dressing hut by dinner time. This afternoon arranged the place and set out instruments etc. Been very busy day as we are so short-handed only two sections being here. Turned in about 9 p.m.

Sunday 15th April, 1917

Page 191 Up at 7.30 a.m., breakfast and on duty 9 a.m. Had lot of dressings etc., slight wounds. Rotten day. Off duty 8 p.m. and in bed 9 p.m.

Monday 16th April, 1917

Up 7.30 a.m., breakfast and on duty 9 a.m. Am doing the clean dressings of all patients of which we have about 600, about 50 dressings a day, also have to be ready for any emergency operations. At 5.45 p.m. inocculated our own unit against para-typhoid, was done myself. Afterwards wrote some letters and in bed at 9 p.m.

Tuesday 17th April, 1917

Up 7.30 a.m., breakfast and on duty 9 a.m. At 9.30 Major Welch had look at wounded and we re-dressed their injuries. Had a gassed patient through, also had to give number of anti-tetanic injections. Not so busy this afternoon so had a read. Rotten day, my arm sore from inocculation. Wrote letters tonight and in bed 9.30.

Wednesday 18th April, 1917

Reveille 7 a.m., breakfast 7.30 a.m. On duty at 9 a.m. and kept busy with dressings etc. all morning. After dinner had few more cases, rotten place to be in and weather very unsettled. News of more victories for our troops and for our Allies. Received letters from home and of Dad's sailing. After tea was busy writing till turned in 10 p.m. Our guns going very heavy tonight.

Thursday 19th April, 1917

Today was much similar to yesterday though not so much rain. Had lot of anti- tetanic injections to give. At 3 p.m. went and had hot shower bath and felt clean again. News of more victories to our side, can hear guns roaring all day and still going on. After tea was busy writing, had few interruptions for injections morphia etc. and turned into bed at 9 p.m.

Friday 20th April, 1917

Routine as usual, turned out very nice day so about 2 p.m. set out for "Meaulte" about 2 miles away and saw W. Hill, had yarn until tea time then went into "Albert" to "Anzac Coves" variety show. Very good and enjoyed it. Out about 8.45 p.m. and arrived back at camp about 10 p.m. and turned in.

Saturday 21st April, 1917

Up 7.30 a.m. and had breakfast and on duty 9 a.m. Dressings etc. kept busy till dinner time. Had quiet afternoon, very nice day. At 6 p.m. had committee meeting re Anzac Day dinner then busy writing till 10 p.m. when turned in.

Sunday 22nd April, 1917

Routine as usual, beautiful day, guns thundering like mad tonight, more writing and in bed 9.30 p.m.

Page 192

Monday 23rd April, 1917

Reveille 7 a.m., breakfast 7.30 a.m. and on duty 9 a.m. Dressings etc. kept busy till dinner time. Fritz plane over this morning but soon driven off. Rumours of big successes by French. Few dressings this afternoon, fine day again, mud clearing up. W. Hill over to see me and had tea with me. Afterwards had chat with Mr. Baber our Warrant Officer and had read, turning into bed about 10 p.m.

Tuesday 24th April, 1917

Reveille 7 a.m., breakfast 7.30 and on duty 9 a.m. Dressings etc. kept me busy till dinner time, very nice day. Guns booming and our planes very active. Few dressings after dinner, received two letters and did some writing. W. Hill came up to see me for a yarn. Rather chilly at night, turned in about 9.30 p.m.

Wednesday 25th April, 1917

2nd anniversary of landing at Anzac. Morning routine as usual, after dinner played Rugby against 7th A.S.C. winning 3 points to nil. Had dinner and concert in mess hut, started 6.30 p.m. Officers and all the unit present, was very good, dinner splendid. Sang in a part song and supported the toast of our unit proposed by Major Welch and had enjoyable evening. Turned in about 8 p.m.

Thursday 26th April, 1917

Guns were going heavily all night. Up at 7 a.m. and routine for morning as usual. Very fine day again. One of our boys sick, mumps? Few dressings after dinner and at 6 p.m. assisted Capt. Douglas to inocculate some of our chaps Para-Typhoid TAB 2 was done myself. W. Hill up to see me again. Did some writing and into bed 9 p.m.

Friday 27th April, 1917

Reveille 7 a.m., breakfast 7.30 and on duty 9 a.m., dressings etc. till dinner time. Fine day. After dinner had practice game rugby then shower and rub down. My arm a bit sore from inocculation. W. Hill up to see me and had tea. Guns booming heavily, did some writing and turned into bed 10 p.m.

Saturday 28th April, 1917

Reveille 7 a.m., breakfast 2 eggs and bacon from canteen fund 7.30 a.m. On duty 9 a.m., dressings etc. till dinner time when we had baked rabbit (frozen). At 3 p.m. played 8th F. Amb. rugby and won 7 points to nil. Had shower and rub down and then tea. After tea did some writing. Been very fine day, in bed 10 p.m.

Sunday 29th April, 1917

Routine as usual, real splendid day. Inocculated some of our chaps, also voted today. Had a read tonight and turned in 10 p.m.

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Monday 30th April, 1917

Reveille 7 a.m., breakfast 7.30 a.m. and on duty 9 a.m., busy with dressings etc. till dinner time. At 2.30 p.m. had practice rugby match followed by shower bath and rub down. Beautiful day, very warm. After tea had read till 8 p.m. when turned into bed about 8.30 p.m.

Tuesday 1st May, 1917

Reveille 7 a.m, breakfast 7.30 a.m. and on duty 9 a.m., dressings etc. till dinner time. Fritz plane over, chased away by 2 of our planes. More dressings after dinner and various small duties till tea time 5 p.m. Very slow and rotten place here. Had yarn after tea and in bed 9 p.m. Beautiful day again.

Wednesday 2nd May, 1917

Reveille 7 a.m., breakfast 7.30 and on duty 9 a.m., dressings etc. kept me busy till dinner time 12.30. After dinner had more dressings and went to Meaulte to see W. Hill, back at 8 p.m. Some of our horses and drivers called up the line. Beautiful day, turned in 9 p.m.

Thursday 3rd May, 1917

Reveille 7 a.m. and usual routine till dinner time. Big attack commenced up the line this morning, no news yet. At 3.30 p.m. went with Capt. Powell to do some inocculations near Albert, afterwards went on in car to Ribemont. Beautiful day and enjoyed the outing. Arrived back at 9.30 p.m. and turned in.

Friday 4th May, 1917

Reveille 7 a.m., breakfast 7.30 and on duty 9 a.m., dressings etc. Fritz plane over very high. Believe yesterdays attack very successful but good number of casualties. 2nd Div. caught it hot, nothing definite. Our bearers standing ready to go up line if needed. Very hot day. Wrote couple letters and turned in 9 p.m.

Saturday 5th May, 1917

Reveille 7 a.m., breakfast 7.30 a.m. and on duty 9 a.m., lot of slightly wounded to be dressed today and was kept busy till tea time. Very fine day again. One of my chaps took sick this morning with malaria, had to put him in hospital. About 10 p.m. our bearers were called out and went up the line. Heavy gun fire. Turned in 10.30 p.m.

Sunday 6th May, 1917

Routine as usual, pretty busy. Got word at 9 p.m. that my best pal here, Sgt. Bryan Chisholm killed last night. Into bed 9.30 p.m. 6 wounded.

Page 194 Monday 7th May, 1917

Reveille 7 a.m., breakfast 7.30 a.m. and on duty 9 a.m., dressings etc. Major Welch went and brought Sgt. Chisholm's body down here. I set it out and sewed it up in blanket. It was hard, my oldest and best pal in our corps. At 3 p.m. we buried him in the cemetery at Becordel, then went to see W. Hill who is making a cross for me to put up. Went to pictures at Albert with Will and some of his friends. Back to camp and in bed 10 p.m.

Tuesday 8th May, 1917

Reveille 7 a.m., breakfast 7.30 a.m. and on duty 9 a.m., dresssings etc. kept me busy till dinner time, more dressings after dinner and at 4.30 p.m. I inocculated about 40 of our chaps for Para-Typhoid. After tea did some writing. Our casualties so far known for sure are 4 killed and 11 wounded, one of killed R. Aynesly, out of my tent. Hear tonight 2 more been hit, don't know if killed. Into bed 9 p.m.

Wednesday 9th May, 1917

Up 7 a.m., breakfast 7.30 a.m. and on duty 9 a.m., dressings etc. kept me busy till dinner time. More dressings after dinner, also wrote a letter and after tea went to Meaulte and saw W. Hill who is making me a cross for Sgt. Chisholm's grave. Also met Alf Whiting. Back at 8.30, did some writing and in bed 9.30 p.m. 2 casualties reported yesterday untrue.

Thursday 10th May,1917

Reveille 7 a.m., breakfast 7.30, on duty 9 a.m., dressings etc. kept me busy till dinner time. A beautiful day again. After dinner more dressings, saw Allan Smart who had seen Fred in England and whose brother was killed with us a few days ago. Were paid at 7 p.m. Rumours of a move very soon. Did some writing and into bed 9.30 p.m.

Friday 11th May, 1917

Reveille 7 a.m., breakfast 7.30 and on duty 9 a.m., dressings etc. kept busy till dinner time 12.30 noon. Very hot day. More dressings after dinner, very busy, bearers coming in tomorrow. Heavy bombardment this evening. After tea wrote letter and turned into bed 9 p.m.

Saturday 12th May, 1917

Reveille 7 a.m., breakfast 7.30 a.m. and on duty 9 a.m., dressings etc. Bearers arrived back 10 a.m. More dressings after dinner. Packed some panniers and loaded on wagon as moving tomorrow. Went to see W. Hill and back at camp and in bed 10 p.m.

Sunday 13th May, 1917

Page 195 Routine as usual, loaded wagon, relieved by 7th F.A. at 12 noon and marched to Dernancourt. Had swim in creek and turned in 9 p.m. Very hot day.

Monday 14th May, 1917

Slept rotten last night, atmosphere so very close, heavy thunder storm about 3 a.m. and vivid lightning. Up 7 a.m., breakfast 7.30 and on parade 9 a.m., roll call and orders then dismissed. Wrote some letters. Parade and roll call 2 p.m. and dismissed, did some more writing and generally loafed time away. Turned in 9 p.m.

Tuesday 15th May, 1917

Reveille 7.30, breakfast 8 a.m., on parade, roll call and orders 9 a.m. At 3 a.m. shed adjoining ours collapsed, fortunately no-one sleeping in it. On parade again 10 a.m. and route march till 11.30. Parade again 2 p.m., route march till 3 p.m., then watched cricket match, Bearers v Transport, former won. Bad headache tonight, in bed 8.30 p.m.

Wednesday 16th May, 1917

Reveille 7.30 a.m., breakfast 8 a.m., parade, roll call and orders 9 a.m., after which loaded G.S. Wagon. Rained today. Parade 2.30 p.m. and marched to Edge Hill and entrained. Started our journey 5 p.m. going via Amiens, Abbeyville and Calais. Travelled in brake vans, almost missed at Abbeyville trying to get hot tea. Fairly cold, lay down and tried to get some sleep.

Thursday 17th May, 1917

Travelling all night, rough trip, bumped all over place so not much sleep. Passed through Hazebrouck and detrained at Bailleul about 9 a.m. then marched 7 miles, full kit up, to Doulieu, billetted in farm building. Rather nice village, people sociable. Had feed eggs and chips and into bed 7.30 p.m.

Friday 18th May, 1917

Reveille 7 a.m., breakfast 8 a.m. and on parade 9 a.m., roll call and orders, then did sick parade. One of our chaps sent to hospital with anthrax. After dinner went with some pals to Estains, a small town 3 miles away, one of cleanest places I have been in. Had two good feeds of eggs and chips and landed home about 9 p.m. and turned in.

Saturday 19th May, 1917

Reveille 7.30 a.m., breakfast 8 a.m. and on parade 9 a.m., roll call and orders. On parade again 10 a.m., gas helmet drill, then had to give tent sub-division squad drill till 11.45. After dinner watch 15th and 13th Battn. play rugby, latter won 9-6 pts. Had game cards after tea and in bed 8.30 p.m., fine day.

Page 196 Sunday 20th May, 1917

Up 7.30 a.m., marched about 3 miles to church parade at 9 a.m. Spent afternoon and evening writing and in bed 9 p.m.

Monday 21st May, 1917

Reveille 7.30. Breakfast 8 a.m., on parade 9 a.m., roll call and orders, some of us told to roll our puttees regimentally. At 10 a.m. did sick parade and one or two dressings. Beautiful day, guns going a bit. Spent afternoon and evening writing and into bed 9 p.m.

Tuesday 22nd May, 1917

Reveille 6.30 a.m., on parade 7 a.m., roll call and route march till 7.30 a.m., breakfast 8 a.m. On parade again 9 a.m., rained heavily so returned to billet and had lecture by Major Furber till 11.30 a.m. Parade again 2 p.m., roll call and dismissed. Our section (A) played C. section rugby, C won 3 points to nil. After tea we had a smoke social amongst ourselves and turned in 9 p.m., lights out 9.30.

Wednesday 23rd May, 1917

Reveille 6.30 and on parade 7 a.m., roll call and route march till 7.30. Parade again 9 a.m., roll call, orders and route march till 11.30 a.m. Dinner 12.30 and on parade again 1.30 p.m., roll call and dismissed. Payed at 2 p.m. Spent afternoon reading. Received letter from Harold saying he is in France. Spent evening yarning, been beautiful day and in bed 9 p.m., lights out 9.30 p.m.

Thursday 24th May, 1917

Reveille 6.30, on parade 7 a.m., route march till 7.30 and breakfast 8 a.m. Several N.C.O.'s up at orderly room at 9 a.m., had to act as escort to one, case remanded. Parade again 2 p.m., roll call and dismissed. Transport and tent div. played bearers Aust. football, T & T won easily. Been lovely day, sat in orchard reading after tea and turned in 9 p.m.

Friday 25th May, 1917

Reveille 6.30, on parade 7 a.m., roll call and physical drill till 7.30 a.m., escort again at 9 a.m. then went in car to Bailleul for Med. stores. Had dinner and back 1.30 p.m. Whole unit had photo taken, also Rugby team. Very hot day. After tea had yarn and turned in 8.30 p.m. B. section tent div. left us today.

Saturday 26th May, 1917

Reveille 6.30, on parade 7 a.m., physical drill till 7.30. On parade again 9 a.m. and went for route march till 11.30 a.m. then went in car to Ballieul to Mobile laboratory, back at 2 p.m. Had game of cards before tea and afterwards. Turned in 9 p.m. Made bed under tree in orchard.

Page 197

Sunday 27th May, 1917

Reveille and physical drill, after breakfast sick parades etc. Beautiful day, Fritz plane over, did writing and in bed 9 p.m. in orchard.

Monday 28th May, 1917

Reveille 6.30, on parade 7 a.m., physical drill till 7.30 and breakfast 8 a.m. On parade again 9 a.m. and route march till 11.30 a.m., very hot day, dinner 12.30. Parade again 1.30 p.m., roll call and dismissed. Had game of bridge and turned in about 7 p.m. Sleeping in orchard still.

Tuesday 29th May, 1917

Was up 6 a.m., reveille 6.30. Parade 7 a.m., physical drill till 7.30 p.m. On parade 9 a.m., gas drill and route march till 11.30 a.m. On parade again 1.30, gas drill for half hour. At 2 p.m. played 12th Field Amb. soccer, won 3-1. After tea went to boxing tournament and spent enjoyable evening. All heads present. Turned in 9.30 p.m. Been very hot day again.

Wednesday 30th May, 1917

Up at 6 a.m., reveille 6.30 and on parade 7 a.m., physical drill till 7.30 and breakfast 8 a.m. On parade again 9 a.m. and route march and inspection of feet till 11.30 a.m. On parade 1.30 p.m., roll call and then loaded our G.S. Wagon ready to move tomorrow. Very fine day, but hot. Spent quiet evening and in bed in orchard 9 p.m.

Thursday 31st May, 1917

Reveille 6.30 and on parade 7 a.m., roll call and orders and breakfast 7.30 a.m. Packed our gear and on parade full kit up at 9 a.m., marched out 10 a.m. Passed through Steenwerk to Neuve-Eglise just over Belgian border, arrived about 12.30. Lay on grass and rested after dinner, our planes active. At 9.15 p.m. Fritz plane brought down one of our balloons. In bed 9.30 p.m.

Friday 1st June, 1917

Fritz started shelling 11 p.m. last night, woke me up. Were ordered out of our huts at 2.30 a.m. and took cover under hedge bank. He put 140 shells round us during night, casualties in other units. Reveille 6.30, parade 7 a.m., roll call and physical drill till 7.30 a.m. Parade again 9 a.m., roll call, orders and kit inspection. Fixed up two of our chaps who are sick. Parade 1.30 p.m., roll call and dismissed. Wrote letter and turned in near hedge in open at 9 p.m. Lovely day.

Saturday 2nd June, 1917

Quiet night. Reveille 6.30 and on parade 7 a.m., physical drill till 7.30 a.m. Parade at 9 a.m., roll call and orders then dismissed. Inspection of billets by O.C. at 10.

Page 198 After dinner our section played transports cricket and lost. Fritz plane over. Quiet evening and in bed in hut 9 p.m.

Sunday 3rd June, 1917

Routine as yesterday with little gas drill, our guns booming. Our section played C section cricket and lost. 2 fritz planes over. Fine day and in bed 9 p.m., lights out 9.30 p.m. Monday 4th June, 1917

Reveille 6.30, on parade 7 a.m., physical drill till 7.30. On parade 9 a.m., roll call, orders and dismissed. Had game cards. Had game cricket against B. section, we won by 6 runs. After tea watched boxing tournament till 8.30 p.m. Our guns going solidly, blew up fritz ammunition dump. Fritz plane over very high. Beautiful day and in bed 9 p.m.

Tuesday 5th June, 1917

Slept outside last night. Routine as yesterday with gas drill at 9 a.m. After dinner had bath. Fritz plane over about 6.30 a.m. and bombed an ammunition train near Bailleul. About 3 p.m. our guns put up barrage on enemy, sky full of smoke and dust. Barrage eased about 4 p.m. but guns still going solidly. Watched boxing after tea and in bed 9 p.m.

Wednesday 6th June, 1917

Had gas alarm at 2.15 a.m. and had our helmets on for half hour. Reveille 6.30 and on parade 7 a.m., roll call and dismissed as most of chaps have got diarrhoea. On parade 9 a.m., roll call, orders and lecture by Major Furber. Our guns going solidly. Had quiet afternoon at cards. After tea selected teams for sports tomorrow and in bed 9 p.m.

Thursday 7th June, 1917

Gas alarm just after 1 a.m., soon over. Our guns put up barrage about 2 a.m. Reveille 6.30, on parade 7 a.m., roll call, dismissed. On parade 9 a.m., roll call and orders then went for swim. Had to hurry back, pack up and went out by motor to Kandahar Farm. Left again on foot at 6.15 p.m. and reached Reg. Aid Post, Spring St. about 7.15, dressing wounded till midnight.

Friday 8th June, 1917

Busy dressing till 3.30 a.m., when lay down and slept till 7.30 a.m. Dressing wounded till dinner time. After dinner went up with bearers to Messines Aid Post, had to go through fritz's barrage fire, very hot time. Brought back wounded chap and busy dressing again for rest of day. Five of our chaps killed and some wounded. Our guns all round us going continuously. Fritz shelling our way all the time. Tremendous barrage fire this evening from both sides.

Saturday 9th June, 1917

Page 199

Dressing all night. Fritz counter attacked last night but was driven back, still shelling us. Lay down about 9 a.m. and had nap till about 12 noon, dressing again all afternoon and till midnight. Fritz put some gas shells over near us. Capt. Wynn wounded. One of our planes shot down, and a Fritz. A little quieter this evening.

Sunday 10th June, 1917

On all night till 7 a.m. when lay down till dinner time. Took boots off for first time and had wash and shave. Shelled us heavily today. Up for dinner and on duty again, wounded still coming in at midnight.

Monday 11th June, 1917

Quietest night since have been here but still had good number through. Fitz put gas shells over about 3 a.m. Chlorine pretty strong for about half hour, also he put H.E.'s all round us. Had breakfast and lay down about 9.30 a.m., slept till 4.30 p.m. Best sleep since have been here, have not had my clothes off yet. On duty after tea, tear shells put over by fritz about 6 p.m., shelling us all the time. Very busy up to midnight.

Tuesday 12th June, 1917

Busy till 6.30 a.m., had breakfast 8 a.m. Saw plane come down on fire. Turned in for nap 10 a.m. and up at 12 noon. Quiet till 6 p.m. when fritz started shelling us very heavily with big H.E.'s. Made it a very hot shop until we were relieved by Tommies at 8 p.m. when went back to Kandahar farm arriving about 9.15 p.m. thoroughly tired out but otherwise well. Had drink of cocoa, got stretcher and undressed before turning in for first time since went up.

Wednesday 13th June, 1917

Up at 7.30 a.m., had breakfast, packed up and marched out 9.30 to just outside Nieppe, about 50 yards across border into France. Arrived about 11 a.m. and put into huts, put up tent before dinner. After dinner went for swim and had clean change afterwards. Took dirty clothing to be washed. Lovely day and glad of a rest. Ordered not to leave camp tonight. Nothing more doing so turned into bed 8 p.m.

Thursday 14th June, 1917

Reveille 7 a.m. and breakfast 7.30 a.m. On parade 9 a.m., roll call and orders then dismissed. Afterwards took my washing out. Not allowed to leave camp as have to stand by. Wrote some letters this afternoon and just after tea had a letter from Dad who is in Belgium. Into bed 9 p.m. Fritz put few long range shells over.

Friday 15th June, 1917

Up 7.30, breakfast and on parade 9 a.m. Gas helmet and boot inspection then went to Bailleul to try and find Dad, did no good. Back at dinner time. This afternoon had

Page 200 some sports among ourselves, one Sergeant broke his leg (Schofield). Beautiful day, turned into bed 9 p.m.

Saturday 16th June, 1917

Reveille 7.30, breakfast 8 a.m., parade 9 a.m. when heard where Dad was. Got permission and Harry and I went to see him about 15 miles away near Popperinghe. Delighted to see us, had dinner and tea with him, had fine day. Came back with us in motor as far as Loene after which we jumped motor lorries and arrived back at camp at 8 p.m. tired but happy and in bed 9 p.m.

Sunday 17th June, 1917

Reveille 5.30, on parade 6.45 and marched to Steenwerk about 3 miles, took over D.R.S. Awfully hot day, but quiet. On duty in charge of night staff at 7 p.m., busy till 9 p.m. then quiet till midnight.

Monday 18th June, 1917

Quiet night so had a nap from 1 a.m. till 5 a.m. when went round wards to see all is correct. Relieved at 7 a.m. and had breakfast then turned in but too hot to sleep. Had bath after dinner and took my washing out. Cool change with thunder and lightning at 4 p.m., very glad of it. On duty 7 p.m., things very quiet, about 300 patients but none very serious. Sat up writing letters till midnight.

Tuesday 19th June, 1917

Very quiet after midnight so caught a nap from 1 a.m. till 4.30 when woke up by anti- aircraft guns firing at 16 fritz planes which they drove off. Off duty at 7 a.m. and after breakfast turned in for sleep. Up for dinner and got cleaned, had look at cricket match, B. section and Transport, former won, then went out for tea, had eggs and chips. Back and on duty 7 p.m. Fritz put shell in church close by, killed 2 women, wounded padre and man. Very quiet till midnight.

Wednesday 20th June, 1917

Lay down at midnight and slept till 5.30 a.m., went round saw everything correct and off duty 7 a.m., turned in 9 a.m. and up again dinner time. Had read and smoke then went for my washing. Watched our boys playing cricket. About 5 p.m. several fritz planes attacked our balloons bringing down 2 on fire. Our guns appeared to bring down 2 enemy planes. Rained a little after tea. On duty 7 p.m., busy for time getting serious case away then all quiet till midnight. Thursday 21st June, 1917

Very quiet after midnight so had a sleep till 5 a.m., saw everything satisfactory before going off duty 7 a.m. Turned in 9 a.m. and slept till dinner time 12.30 noon. Lay in tent after dinner reading till tea time. Inclined to be showery today, but warm. On duty 7 p.m. but very quiet so sat yarning till midnight.

Friday 22nd June, 1917

Page 201

Very quiet after midnight. Called Major Welch, who was going out to put crosses on graves of our chaps killed near Messines, at 2.30 a.m. then lay down till 5 a.m. Off duty 7 a.m. and in bed 8 a.m. Up just after dinner and yarned till tea time, rained a little. On duty 7 p.m., very quiet. Two of us cooked dinner which 6 of us had at midnight, fried rabbit, potatoes and tinned tomatoes and coffee, excellent.

Saturday 23rd June, 1917

Had sleep after midnight till 5 a.m., saw everything correct and off duty 7 a.m., breakfast and slept till dinner time. Fritz plane brought down 3 of our balloons and our anti-aircraft guns brought down fritz plane close to here. Turned in and went on duty midnight.

Sunday 24th June, 1917

On duty in charge A block (3 wards) till 7 p.m. About 90 patients. Saw fritz plane shot down. Off duty 7 p.m. Send off to Capt. Douglas and in bed 9.30.

Monday 25th June, 1917

Reveille 6.30 a.m. and on duty 7 a.m. Supervised the work of our tent sub-division and had everything cleaned for inspection by orderly officer Capt. Trumble. Inspection by D.D.M.S. 2nd Anzacs at 12 noon, everything alright. Fritz put shrapnel over this way at one of our ballons with no success. Guns booming harder tonight. Started to rain 8 p.m., in bed 9 p.m.

Tuesday 26th June, 1917

Reveille 6.30 a.m. and on parade 7 a.m., roll call and orders then on duty hospital. Various small duties to do and to see all correct. Inspection at 11 a.m. by orderly officer. Couple of fritz planes over very high, soon driven off. Beautiful day, did some writing and off duty 7 p.m. Turned in 8.30 p.m.

Wednesday 27th June, 1917

Woke at 4 a.m. by our anti-aircraft guns driving some fritz planes off that were dropping bombs. Reveille 6.30, on parade 7 a.m. Routine of day as yesterday, get very dull on these jobs. Lovely day, had game of bridge before tea. Off duty 7 p.m., had a yarn and into bed 9 p.m.

Thursday 28th June, 1917

Reveille 6.30 a.m. and on parade 7 a.m., roll call and dismissed to duties. Borrowed bike and set out to see Dad at 9 a.m. about 15 miles to go and arrived about 11 a.m., roads very bad. Dad looking splendid, had good day together and got a motor lorry back leaving at 6.15 p.m. and getting to Steenwerck 7.30 p.m. Started to rain

Page 202 heavily about 8 p.m. Saw one of our balloons struck by lightning, split the envelope, in bed 9 p.m.

Friday 29th June, 1917

Heavy thunder and lightning during night, reveille 6.30 and on parade 7 a.m., roll call and dismissed to duties. After dinner a sports meeting was held. I entered for wheelbarrow race but did not win, have not much interest in this unit now, it has been knocked out of me. Sports were continued after tea. Relieved at 7 p.m. and after a yarn turned into bed 9 p.m.

Saturday 30th June, 1917

Reveille 6.30 a.m. and on parade 7 a.m., roll call and orders and then on duty at hospital, usual duties, rained pretty heavily. Capt. Findlay went on leave to England taking a Pte's turn, utter rotter. Off duty 7 p.m. Am having a weary time. Had yarn and in bed 9 p.m.

Sunday 1st July, 1917

Routine as yesterday, rained lightly. Off duty 7 p.m. and in bed 9 p.m.

Monday 2nd July, 1917

General Holmes killed. Reveille 6.30, on parade 7 a.m., roll call, orders and on duty at hospital. Beautiful day again. Several fritz planes over but soon driven off. Can hear our guns in distance booming very heavily, guess fritz is having a bad time. Off duty 7 p.m., had yarn and into bed 9 p.m.

Tuesday 3rd July, 1917

After getting to bed last night fritz planes came over about 10.30 p.m. and dropped number of bombs in neighbourhood, not heard of any damage. They also fired their machine guns over us. Reveille 6.30 and parade 7 a.m., roll call and orders. Routine of rest of day as usual. Beautiful day. One fritz plane shot down. Off duty 7 p.m. and in bed 9 p.m.

Wednesday 4th July, 1917

Reveille 6.30 and on parade 7 a.m., roll call, orders and on duty at hospital. Usual daily routine, very monotonous. News of Russian offensive and hopes of a speedy end of war. The King somewhere in this vicinity today, good number of our planes about. Little rain, otherwise good day. Off duty 7 p.m., had a yarn and in bed 9 p.m.

Thursday 5th July, 1917

Page 203 Reveille 6.30 and on parade 7 a.m., roll call, orders and on duty at hospital, usual routine. Had elderly Frenchman in badly knocked about by a motor car. Very fine day. A fritz plane over very high this afternoon, our planes active, fair amount of gun fire to the north. Off duty 7 p.m. and in bed 9 p.m.

Friday 6th July, 1917

Reveille 6.30 and on parade 7 a.m., roll call, orders and on duty at hospital, routine same. Beautiful day, held some sports this afternoon, was not interested, am tired of this unit. Fritz shelled one of our balloons near here, his shells missed their mark and came dangerously close to us. Off duty 7 p.m. and in bed 9 p.m.

Saturday 7th July, 1917

Fritz planes over last night bombing, dropped some on No. 2 A.C.C.S. near here and went on to Bailleul, dropping a number there, some on No. 11 C.C.S., R.A.M.C., killed 2 nurses and number of patients and R.A.M.C. staff, dropped large number bombs, wrecked houses and killed civilians. Routine as yesterday, in bed 9 p.m.

Sunday 8th July, 1917

Heavy rainstorm during night and vivid lightning, up as usual and routine the same, cleaned up during day. On duty till 12 midnight when turned in.

Monday 9th July, 1917

Up at 6.30 a.m., had breakfast, borrowed a bike and set of at 8.15 to see Dad, arriving about 10 a.m. Spent pleasant day together and saw his O.C. about a transfer for myself, said he would have me and gave me an approval. Started back 6.15 p.m. and arrived Steenwerk 7.30 p.m. Wrote out my application for transfer and put it into Orderly room. On duty tonight.

Tuesday 10th July, 1917

Things quiet during night so managed to get short sleep. Off duty 7 a.m., had breakfast and yarned for a while. Inquired at orderly room and found my transfer had been approved and sent on by O.C. After dinner had game of cards and watched a cricket match. Fine day today. On duty 7 p.m. A lot of our planes about at 12 midnight otherwise all pretty quiet.

Wednesday 11th July, 1917

Things very quiet so had a nap and off duty 7 a.m., had a sleep till about 11 a.m., very nice day. Played cards in afternoon. A fritz plane set fire to one of our balloons close by. Received news of further Russian successes, looks like finish of the war this year. Had a yarn after tea and on duty 7 p.m., very quiet up to midnight.

Thursday 12th July, 1917

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Fritz planes over about 3.30 a.m. bombing not far away, Had a short sleep and off duty 7 a.m. Fritz shelled Bailleuil this morning killing some civilians and wrecking houses. Went for ride with pal on bikes to Bac. St. Maur. Very nice day. On duty at 7 p.m., very quiet up to midnight.

Friday 13th July, 1917

Lot of our planes about at 1 a.m., went over towards enemy lines, probably bombing. Two Fritz planes brought down near here yesterday but did not see them. Very hot today, had game of cards and did some writing. On duty 7 p.m. and very quiet again up till midnight.

Saturday 14th July, 1917

Lay down for sleep about 1 a.m., was woke at 3 a.m. Fritz planes bombing. Dropped four about 100 yds from us, made holes in field 12 ft diameter and 5 ft deep. Off duty 7 a.m. and turned in till dinner time, played cards till tea time and on duty 7 p.m., very quiet.

Sunday 15th July, 1917

Just one fritz came over and dropped bombs, no damage. Quiet night and off duty 7 a.m. Had good sleep and very quiet day. In bed 8 p.m. and slept till midnight.

Monday 16th July, 1917

On duty 12 last night, a fritz over about 3 a.m. Took over A block building 7 a.m., about 130 patients. Very busy till dinner time. After dinner fairly quiet, had a read. Fritz plane attempted to bring down one of our balloons, was driven off by anti- aircraft guns. Beautiful day. Off duty 7 p.m., things very quiet, had yarn and in bed 9 p.m.

Tuesday 17th July, 1917

Reveille 6.30 a.m. and on parade 7 a.m., roll call and on duty hospital. Various duties kept me busy till mid-day, beautiful day. Fritz plane over, our guns going solidly by the sound of them. Watched game cricket after dinner. Off duty 7 p.m. had yarn and in bed 9 p.m.

Wednesday 18th July, 1917

Reveille 6.30 a.m. and on parade 7 a.m., roll call and on duty hospital. My transfer came through today, will be leaving tomorrow. Duties as usual and off duty 7 p.m. At 8 p.m. the boys gave me a little dinner as a send off, steak, eggs, chips, salad and coffee, very nice, a few words of good wishes etc. Packed up lot of my things and in bed 10 p.m.

Thursday 19th July, 1917

Page 205 Reveille 6.30 and on parade 7 a.m., roll call and dismissed. Packed my gear, shook hands with the boys and left at 10.15 a.m. in motor, arrived at Rly unit about 11.30 a.m., reported at Orderly Room and had dinner with Dad. Went out on job this afternoon, finished about 3.30 p.m., cleaned myself, had tea. Building a nice hut to sleep in, worked on it till 9.30 p.m. and in bed.

Friday 20th July, 1917

My dear brother Fred of 46th Batt. was killed on July 18th 1917, six days after joining his Batt. and about 2 hours before coming out of line.

Up at 7 a.m. and had breakfast. No job for me so went on building hut. Harry arrived about 10 a.m. brought news of Fred's death, can't say how I've felt today. Dad terribly upset, Officers and men most considerate, its been an awful day. Wrote a letter to Mam after tea, its very hard to write. Had wash and shave and in bed 9.30 p.m.

Saturday 21st July, 1917

Up at 7.30 and had breakfast, put into extra emergency breakdown gang. Got wagon and filled it with tools, then went on building and improving our hut, very nice day. Very trying, trying to keep Dad's spirits up. Turned into bed about 9.30 p.m.

Sunday 22nd July, 1917

Up 7.30, nothing doing before dinner. Called up line to load guns at 2 p.m. Guns did not come so came back. Had quiet time, went to church, in bed 10 p.m.

Monday 23rd July, 1917

Up 7.30 and had breakfast, went out and loaded more tools, after dinner called out to load old motors to be sent away. Crane came off line, took about hour to put it on, worked hard till tea time 5 p.m. Guns going solidly today. Fritz plane dropped bombs near here last night. Fine day, in bed about 10 p.m.

Tuesday 24th July, 1917

Up at 7 a.m., had breakfast and called out on job at 9 a.m. Sent back at 9.30 as are now on night duty as temporary breakdown gang. Did some writing and had a sleep. At 7.30 p.m. called out and had to go up line past "flamestinghe" to put engine on rails which had come off. Fritz put some shrapnel near us. Finished and back at camp at 10.45 p.m. and turned in fully dressed.

Wednesday 25th July, 1917

Up at 7 a.m. and had breakfast. Fritz put few shells over during night. Wrote a letter, rained hard, were issued with oil skins. Fritz shelled near here after dinner, killed 2 tommies, wounded one. Called out for breakdown up line at 6 p.m. but were sent back as men up there had fixed it up. About 9 p.m. our guns opened up solidly and were going at it for all they were worth when turned in at 10 p.m.

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Thursday 26th July, 1917

Our guns going like mad until 4 a.m., was not called out all night. Up at 7 a.m., had breakfast and did some writing. Padre brought register No. of Fred's grave. Harry came up about 10.30 a.m., said he was going on leave to England on Sunday. Our guns opened up again this afternoon. Our planes very busy this evening, also saw a Yankee plane. Building an addition to our hut. Called out at 9 p.m. for breakdown near Wyshaete, back at 4 a.m.

Friday 27th July, 1917

Turned in at 4 a.m. and up for breakfast. Had quiet day, very nice and our planes and guns active. Called out at 5 p.m., went out with tractor, fixed up two breakdowns and went on to another past Spoilbank, got there 9.30 p.m. Got road clear and fritz shelled us out so had to leave, fritz shelling very heavily. Fixed up another small job at Vauxhall, got blocked in on line, then went back about 12 p.m. past Spoilbank again. Got mustard gas.

Saturday 28th July, 1917

Arrived on job again just at daybreak and finished it. Fritz much quieter. Set off for home 5 a.m., passed our heavy batteries firing heavily and arrived home at 7 a.m. and turned in. Up for dinner, very nice day. Did some writing this afternoon. German plane over dropped bombs close by this evening. Turned in about 10 p.m.

Sunday 29th July, 1917

Not called out during night, very heavy rain storm all day, did not go out. Standing by from 5 p.m. and into bed 10 p.m.

Monday 30th July, 1917

Not called out during night. Up at 7 a.m. and had breakfast. On day shift this week. Was busy this morning working on crane, unloaded some machinery. After dinner on crane again unloading some new trucks, finished at 4 p.m. Rained a little again today. Spent quiet evening in hut. Some rumours of our great offensive starting early in morning. Into bed at 10.30 p.m.

Tuesday 31st July, 1917

Was awakened at 4 a.m. by drum fire of our artillery. Got up at 7 a.m., loaded some tanks on wagons and went to Wellington and put an engine on the rails, back for dinner. News of our offensive very good, reported all objectives taken. Saw large number of German prisoners brought in this afternoon and unloaded some broken trucks before tea. Our guns still going tonight. Started raining, in bed 10 p.m.

Wednesday 1st August, 1917

Page 207

Up at 7 a.m., had rained all night also rained unceasingly all day today. Awfully muddy. Was not called out today, but had to stand by. Helped a chap to trench his tent and gave Quarter master a hand, more prisoners came in today. After tea wrote a letter home then had yarn and in bed 10 p.m. Our guns sound further away tonight.

Thursday 2nd August, 1917

Up at 7 a.m. and had breakfast, had rained all night again and also most of today, ground a quagmire. At 2 p.m. was called out to Winnipeg on breakdown, was back at 3.15 p.m. and had to stand by till 5 p.m.. Very rotten day and cold. Cooked some potatoes and french beans for tea. Our guns booming heavily again tonight. Still raining and in bed 10 p.m.

Friday 3rd August, 1917

Up at 5.30 a.m. and out on track 6 a.m. Rained very heavily all day, everywhere a quagmire. Put three engines on at Vauxhall and several others at different places, set out for home at 6.30 p.m. after hard days work and arrived at camp at Ellarside at 9 p.m. thoroughly tired out, had dinner and in bed 10 p.m.

Saturday 4th August, 1917

Roused out at 5 a.m. and on track at 5.30, lot of engines off track through bad weather, still raining. Had very busy day and worked hard. Had 14 derailments and eventually landed home at 11.45 very much done up and wet through. Had tucker and into bed.

Sunday 5th August, 1917

Up at 7.15 and out at 8 a.m., breakdown near Spoilbank, worked hard all day and arrived home 8 p.m., into bed 10 p.m. Finer today. Was under solid shell fire all day and eventually had to leave the job, our driver being dangerously wounded and fireman on broken down engine severely wounded. Brought them in to Dunedin dressing station and returned to camp. Our Cpl. was slightly wounded as well.

Monday 6th August, 1917

Up at 7 a.m. and had breakfast. Take over night shift this week. Did some washing, wrote a letter and had a bath, very quiet day. Few of our planes about, had slight shower otherwise fine. Called out at 8 p.m. for breakdown, back at 10.15 p.m. from Zealand. Lay down and was not called again up to midnight.

Tuesday 7th August, 1917

Called out at 2.15 a.m. for breakdown near Ypres, went out and fixed it up. Fritz peppered us with shrapnel all the time. Fixed up another breakdown at Brisbane dump and arrived back at depot at 8 a.m., had breakfast and turned in till dinner

Page 208 time. Had a read after dinner till tea time, standing by from 5 p.m. Lay down 10 p.m., not called up till midnight.

Wednesday 8th August, 1917

Was not called out all night, got up 7 a.m., had breakfast and got cleaned up. Things pretty quiet. After dinner had a walk up the road and a cup of coffee, getting back to depot before 5 p.m. Standing by from 5 p.m., yarning and had cup of tea at 9 p.m. Received official word of Fred's death. Rained a little tonight. Lay down 10 p.m. and not called up to midnight.

Thursday 9th August, 1917

Not called all night and up at 7 a.m, got cleaned and dressed and had a read. At 12.30 p.m. Dad, Tom Leaming and I went in motor to erect cross on Fred's grave at Underhill Farm at foot of Hill 63. Fritz doing bit of shelling in that district. Came away and arrived at Ballieul at 5.15 p.m. and had tea, arrived at depot about 6.30 p.m. Fixed up Lieut. Stamp's leg and had yarn and smoke. Lay down at 10.30 p.m.

Friday 10th August, 1917

Not called out all night so up at 7 a.m. and had breakfast. Weather very unsettled and showery. Just before dinner my brother Harold arrived, was glad to see him, first time for nearly 3 years. Dad going to try and get him here. Had dinner and tea with us and left on bike at 6 p.m. Very quiet evening, rained a little again, lay down 10 p.m. and not called up to midnight.

Saturday 11th August, 1917

Not called out all night, up at 7.30 a.m., had breakfast and wrote some letters till dinner time. Had sleep this afternoon. After tea had thunder shower and lay down at 10.30 p.m. but was called out about 12.30 p.m. for breakdown at Vauxhall, very dark night but fine.

Sunday 12th August, 1917

Fixed up breakdown and back at depot 8 a.m., very hot day, slept most of it. Called out to Busseboom at 7 p.m., back at depot 8.30 p.m. and in bed 10 p.m.

Monday 13th August, 1917

Was called out at 11 p.m. last night but sent back to bed at 11.30 p.m. Up at 7 a.m. and had breakfast and at 9 a.m. started unloading light Engines off broad gauge trucks in Ellarsyde yard. Worked pretty hard all day and got four engines off by 5.30 p.m. when knocked off. Did some writing after tea. Received word tonight that Roy Ash had died of his wound. Has been hot all day but rained a little tonight.

Tuesday 14th August, 1917

Page 209 Up at 6.30 a.m., had breakfast and started work at 7 a.m. First Engine came off rails while unloading causing good deal of additional work. Had to work after tea till 8 p.m. and managed to get four more engines off for today. Been hot and showery in turns. Got cleaned and had a yarn and turned in at 10 p.m.

Wednesday 15th August, 1917

Up at 6.30 a.m., and at work 7 a.m. Got last two engines unloaded by 1 p.m. then had dinner. Lay down for nap at 2 p.m. and slept till 4.30 p.m. when got up and had tea. Called out as guard at 7 p.m. Signed on 7.30 p.m. and went to Wellington with Engine, picked up five trucks 18 pdr. ammunition for Zillebeke lake about 9 p.m. and went on with it. Fine night, fritz doing bit of shelling and some of his planes about. Got to Brisbane Dump 12 p.m.

Thursday 16th August, 1917

Fritz's planes very active at night time lately, dropping bombs all round our district. Was blocked in about mile past Brisbane so walked on to Control at Woodcote Farm about 2 1/2 miles away. Back to my train, got line clear and arrived with ammunition at Woodcote at 2.30 a.m. After waiting a time, found line blown up ahead of us so had to return with load to Cordova and eventually arrived back at depot at 7 a.m., fritz nearly getting us with a shell on our way. Slept till dinner time and had nap this afternoon. Called out again at 6 p.m. and went to Pacific.

Friday 17th August, 1917

Left Pacific and picked up load of ammunition at Winnipeg going up to Vauxhall to report from where we were sent on to P4 through Voormezeele and to V1 at Bushouse. Waited while shells were unloaded and returned home by 5 a.m. Slept till 3 p.m. and out again 7 p.m. with 2 tractors. Went to Vauxhall and took shells to V3. Back at V'hall by 11 p.m. Fritz shelling solidly, pieces flying all round. Picked up 3 breakaway trucks near English Wood and put them on train at F3.

Saturday 18th August, 1917

Back at depot at 1 a.m. and slept till dinner time. Did some writing and washing this afternoon. Called out at 5.45 p.m. Picked up load amm'n at Winnipeg and took it to Batteries at V1 Bushouse and St. Eloi. Returned with empties to Dunedin. Picked up load amm'n at Wellington and went to Robsons Dump, returned with empties and made for home.

Sunday 19th August, 1917

Arrived at Depot 2.30 a.m. and into bed. Slept till dinner time. Did some washing after dinner. Expected to be called out again this evening, but was not up to 12 p.m. Fritz planes over bombing.

Monday 20th August, 1917

Page 210 Was called out at 3.30 a.m. and on duty on tractor at 4 a.m. Picked up Lieut. Worley at Quinton and went out to Zillebeke Lake, took up some Ammunition and did trip all round lines. Saw Fritz plane fall near Ypres, shot down by our planes, pilot fell out nearly a mile from plane, observer burnt up. Arrived back at depot 2 p.m. and had a nap. After tea went out with Dad and had cup of coffee. Into bed 10 p.m. Fritz planes bombing.

Tuesday 21st August, 1917

Up at 7 a.m. and had breakfast. Called out at 10 a.m. and went to Pacific with engine and reported. Sent to Cordova with empties and remained for some time. Very nice day, saw fritz plane brought down. Left Cordova with load of empty shell boxes for Pacific and back at depot at 6.30 p.m. Heard that Huns had shelled Brandhoesk hospital killing a nurse and number of patients and wounding 4 nurses and lot of patients. Expect big stunt to start any time now. Into bed 10 p.m.

Wednesday 22nd August, 1917

Was called out at 4.15 a.m. and on duty at 4.45 a.m. Went out as guard on a tractor with Lieut. Worley of N.Z. Engineers. Went all round line to near Hooge, past Zillebeke. Our guns very busy and our troops attacking, hear good results obtained. Good news of French and Italian victories. Back at Depot at 3.30 p.m. and got cleaned. Went out with Dad after tea and had coffee. Fritz planes over tonight. In bed at 10 p.m.

Thursday 23rd August, 1917

Was called out at 5 a.m. and on duty 5.45 a.m. On the Yale shunt today and went round good bit of the line finishing up by going with Ammunition to Robsons dump and getting back to depot about 5.30 p.m. A lot more men of this unit arrived tonight. Weather a bit changeable today. Had supper and in bed 10 p.m.

Friday 24th August, 1917

Up at 7 a.m. and had breakfast. Called out at 8.30 a.m. and on duty 9.15 a.m. Feel very sick today. Went out to Robsons dump and Hitchen siding and back to depot 5.30 p.m. Have had nothing to eat today as cannot contain a thing. Feel a bit better tonight. Very windy and slight showers, cold tonight. Turned in at 9 p.m.

Saturday 25th August, 1917

Called out at 5 a.m. and on duty 5.45 a.m. Picked up load at Busseboom and took it out to transport farm near Lake Zillebeke. Back to Pacific and got load for Howe Dump of ammunition. Back at depot at 1.30 p.m., got cleaned and wrote two letters. Had yarn after tea and in bed 10 p.m.

Sunday 26th August, 1917

Called 5 a.m., on duty 6 a.m., went out to Vauxhall. Brought back empties and at depot at 4 p.m. Had bath and tea and went to church service. Rained heavily

Page 211 tonight. Fritz planes bombing early this morning, killed N.Z. guard. Turned into bed 10 p.m.

Monday 27th August, 1917

Called at 5.30 a.m. and on duty 6 a.m. on Yale shunt today. Kept very busy all day. Fritz put few shells close to us while at Brisbane Dump. Engine came off rails, took an hour to put it on. Rained very heavy all day, just about wet through when arrived home at 10.30 p.m., very tired. Had tea and into bed at 11 p.m.

Tuesday 28th August, 1917

Up at 7 a.m. and had breakfast, very windy and rainy. Did some writing this morning and after dinner, and was called out at 4 p.m. and on duty at 4.45 p.m. Took an 8 inch Howitzer to Vauxhall and brought empty wagons back, getting to depot about 9.30 p.m. Had little supper and into bed 10.30 p.m.

Wednesday 29th August, 1917

Up at 7 a.m. and had breakfast. Called out at 8.45 a.m. and on duty 10.30 a.m., shunting about all morning and after dinner took load of ammunition to Red Rock dump through Ouderdom. Very windy rainy and miserable again today. Brought empty wagons back and at depot 7.30 p.m., had tea, did some writing and turned into bed 10.30 p.m.

Thursday 30th August, 1917

Up at 7 a.m. and had breakfast. Called out at 10 a.m. and on duty 10.20 a.m. Took ammunition to a couple of Batteries and did various jobs round the line. Rained heavily in showers and pretty cold. Things seem quiet in this part of line just now. Were delayed getting home by derailed engine ahead of us. Got into depot 10.30 p.m., had dinner and into bed.

Friday 31st August, 1917

Up at 7 a.m. land had breakfast. Things quiet this morning so did some writing. Just after dinner the O.C. Capt. Duncan sent for Dad and then for me, and after few questions told me I was classed as a B'maker and would receive the extra pay 8/- instead of 6/- per day. Called for guard at 5 p.m. but did not go as will have to work in depot now. Did some more writing and in bed 10 p.m.

Saturday 1st September, 1917

Up at 7 a.m. and had breakfast. Not much doing so have had quiet day, did some washing and mending. Very windy. Fritz plane brought down last night near here. Went out this evening and had cup coffee with Dad and into bed 10 p.m.

Page 212 Sunday 2nd September, 1917

Up at 7 a.m. and on duty at 8 a.m. working in Loco. yard taking brackets etc. off new engines. Had from 12 to 1 for dinner and off duty 5 p.m. Went to church this evening, very nice service. Fritz plane over about 9 p.m., into bed 10 p.m.

Monday 3rd September, 1917

Up at 7 a.m. Fritz planes been over during night dropping bombs round district. One of our drivers wounded near Ouderdom. Went to work at 8 a.m. fixing up some small jobs on new engines, lead plugs, brackets etc. Dinner at 12 noon and back at work 1 p.m., worked till 4.30 p.m. then had hot shower bath and tea at 5 p.m. Went with Dad and Uncle Tom at 8 p.m. for cup of coffee. Fritz planes over again tonight, been lovely day, in bed 10 p.m. Tuesday 4th September, 1917

Up at 7 a.m. and had breakfast. Went over to work at 8 a.m. Fairly busy all morning with lead plugs and brackets off new engines, not quite so busy this afternoon, finished 5 p.m. Went out with Dad and Uncle Tom and had cup of coffee. Fritz planes over tonight bombing. Our searchlights caught one and it appeared to be damaged and coming down. Searchlights and anti-aircraft guns going all night. In bed 10 p.m.

Wednesday 5th September, 1917

Got up once or twice last night to have look if I could see fritz plane, dropped lot of bombs. Up at 7 a.m. and at work 8 a.m. building up engine that came off rails and was badly damaged. Dad working with us. Knocked off at 5 p.m. and had tea. Wrote couple of letters tonight, been lovely day. Fritz planes came over about 10 p.m., searchlights caught one and it appeared to come down in our lines.

Thursday 6th September, 1917

Up at 7 a.m. and had breakfast, went over to work at 8 a.m. putting front plate on engine that fell in creek. Worked steadily and had dinner at 12 noon. Back at work 1 p.m. till 5 p.m. Very muggy day and rained heavily this evening, our guns going pretty solidly. 1st Anzac Corps coming up on this front. Did some writing and into bed at 10 p.m.

Friday 7th September, 1917

Was not disturbed by enemy planes last night. Up at 7 a.m. and had breakfast, worked from 8 a.m. till 12 noon and from 1 p.m. til 5 p.m. Very muggy again today. This evening our barrage was very heavy, told fritz had counter attacked but was knocked back. Enemy planes over about 10.30 p.m., did not see them. Wrote a letter and into bed at 10 p.m.

Saturday 8th September, 1917

Page 213 Up at 7 a.m. and had breakfast, worked as usual today, only bit harder. Believe something doing up line shortly. Understand lot of ammunition to be got up pretty quickly and all engines wanted. Quiet this evening, too misty for planes. Turned into bed at 10 p.m.

Sunday 9th September, 1917

Up and at work as usual till 10 a.m. when went out to C1 near Brisbane dump with cranes to put engine on line out of shell hole. Fritz shelled us, his planes saw us. Back at 7 p.m., had tea and in bed 10 p.m.

Monday 10th September, 1917

Up at 7 a.m., had breakfast and at work 8 a.m. fixing up engine that we went out for yesterday, cab and bunkers badly strained. Very nice day. Fritz plane over very high about 4.45 p.m. Our planes forced it down as it was trying to get back to own lines. Finished work 5 p.m., had bath and tea. Fritz planes over tonight, our searchlight picked one up and guns drove it off. In bed 10.30 p.m. Tuesday 11th September, 1917

Up at 7 a.m. had breakfast and at work 8 a.m. working on same job as yesterday. Inclined to be frosty and foggy this morning but turned out lovely day. Fritz plane over very high about 3 p.m. driven off by our fire. Aust. troops up this way now, believe they are all coming up here. Looks like another push. Our planes busy tonight. In bed 10 p.m.

Wednesday 12th September, 1917

Up at 7 a.m. and on duty 8 a.m. Rather dull day but brightened up later on. Working on repairs, nearly all our engines out as things are very busy and ammunition going up to guns in great quantities. More Aust'n troops arrived up this way today. Off duty 5 p.m., had tea and did some washing. Our planes very active tonight after dark. Turned in about 10 p.m., our guns booming.

Thursday 13th September, 1917

Up at 7 a.m. and at work 8 a.m. Rather chilly all day, windy and inclined to rain. Not very busy as all available engines are out, only about four in for repairs. The 16th Co'y Aust. R.O.D. arrived last night and camped near us, do not know any of them. After tea went out with Fred Patterson to find a friend of his in 22nd Batt'n, found them at Dominion Camp about 2 miles away. Returned to depot and in bed 10 p.m.

Friday 14th September, 1917

Up at 7 a.m. and had breakfast then at work 8 a.m. On various small repair jobs all day. Rather dull this morning but brightened up fine this afternoon. Finished work at 5 p.m. but was called out on small job at 5.15 p.m. Finished again 5.45 p.m., had tea and got cleaned then went for walk with Dad and Uncle Tom to Popperinghe. Back at camp at 8.30 p.m. and after yarn into bed at 9.30 p.m.

Page 214 Saturday 15th September, 1917

Up at 7 a.m. and at work at 8 a.m. Did some small jobs this morning. After dinner Dad and I put on repairing some trucks blown up by fritz's shells. Dais's brother Will found us at dinner time and had dinner with us, also came tonight to have yarn, camped 5 minutes from us. Had great yarn and in bed 10 p.m.

Sunday 16th September, 1917

Up at 7 a.m. and work as usual. Fritz's planes very active, saw 16 over at once. Very nice day. Will Hill came tonight, we went to see Stan Cohen. He is back at base so did not see him. Had yarn and in bed 10 p.m.

Monday 17th September, 1917

Up at 7 a.m. and at work 8 a.m. Very dull morning, brightened up later. Received letters from Mam and Dais. About 2.30 p.m. Harold came to see us from Scottish lines, then H. Hitchens from 4th Amb. came to see us. Went for cup of coffee and had good yarn, Harold left just after tea. Wrote a letter home tonight and in bed 9.30 p.m. I feel very tired and weary tonight, sometimes I think the life is having its effect on me and yet I am as well as can be.

Tuesday 18th September, 1917

Up at 7 a.m. and at work 8 a.m. repairing trucks that have been blown up with shells. Dad and I working together. Rained a little this afternoon, made a stove pipe for hut and finished work 5 p.m. Had tea and got cleaned then wrote a letter to Dais. Heavy firing must be going on, sky a blaze of flashes, but wind carrying sound away. Turned in 9.30 p.m.

Wednesday 19th September, 1917

Up at 7 a.m. and at work 8 a.m. Not very busy today, very windy and broken clouds. Fritz plane over. Finished work at 5 p.m. Will Hill came round to see us and got a recommend for transfer to this unit from Capt. Duncan. One of our drivers given leave today to go and see his brother (F. Furnell) a few miles away, both were killed by shell. Had a yarn and turned in 9.30 p.m.

Thursday 20th September, 1917

Up at 7 a.m. and at work 8 a.m., repairing frames of trucks hit by shells. A few wounded passing up road, latest news says our attack this morning was great success, numerous prisoners coming in and everyone elated with news. Very dull and windy day, but our balloons up and planes very active. Finished work at 5 p.m., did some washing and wrote two letters, had a yarn with Dad and in bed 9.30 p.m.

Friday 21st September, 1917

Up at 7 a.m. and at work 8 a.m. Plenty of work on hand as fritz has caught a few of our trucks with shells and bombs. Very nice day. Our push said to be progressing

Page 215 splendidly. 14 fritz planes over this afternoon, bombing round Dickie Bush. Finished work 5 p.m., had quiet night and in bed 9.30 p.m. Fritz plane over about 10 p.m.

Saturday 22nd September, 1917

Up at 7 a.m. and at work 8 a.m. Same work, very dull and like rain today but kept off. Just at dinner time 10 fritz planes over bombing, not many casualties or much damage. Finished work at 5 p.m. About 7 p.m. Harry came to see us, he is camped at Yale, arrived today. Had yarn and he left 7.45 p.m., in bed 9.30 p.m.

Sunday 23rd September, 1917

Up at 7 a.m. and at work as usual. Things very quiet, very nice day. Our guns very active tonight and in bed at 9 p.m.

Monday 24th September, 1917

Up at 7 a.m. and at work 8 a.m. Rather cold and foggy this morning, not much doing for us. Day came out splendid. Fritz planes very active, also ours. After tea went for walk with Dad and Uncle Tom, back at 8 p.m. and wrote letter. Received two letters today. Things quiet tonight, believe our boys attack in the morning. Turned in 10 p.m.

Tuesday 25th September, 1917

Up at 7 a.m. and at work 8 a.m. on truck repairs. Rather busy this morning and worked hard. Beautiful day, got very hot this afternoon. Harry and Joe Tichman came down to see us and stayed for tea, walked into Reningholst this evening with Harry, Dad and Uncle Tom went too. Back at 8.30 p.m. and in bed 9.30 p.m. Guns going heavily.

Wednesday 26th September, 1917

Up at 7 a.m. and at work 8 a.m. repairing damaged trucks. Did some rivetting today. Our offensive still going on and our troops giving fritz a hiding and driving him back. Batches of prisoners came in today, very sorry looking lot, Dad after souvenirs. Very nice day, knocked off work at 5 p.m., had read and in bed 9.30 p.m. Fritz plane over about midnight but was asleep. One of our men wounded last night.

Thursday 27th September, 1917

Up at 7 a.m. and at work 8 a.m. rivetting again today. Rather dull this morning but very sunny and hot later. Worked solidly this morning. After dinner W. Mitchell and H. Peskett came to see me, went and had cup of coffee and they stayed to tea. Very fine night, wrote letter home. Fritz came over tonight again bombing, also heavy gun fire. Wrote to Dais. In bed 10 p.m.

Page 216 Friday 28th September, 1917

Up at 7 a.m. and at work 8 a.m. on same work. Chilly this morning but beautiful day followed, getting tinge of frost in mornings and evenings now. Fritz plane over very high this afternoon, driven off by our anti-aircraft guns. Finished work 5 p.m. and after tea did some writing. Fritz planes over bombing again tonight, one of our big naval guns on railway firing near here. Bright moonlight, in bed 10 p.m.

Saturday 29th September, 1917

Up at 7 a.m. and at work 8 a.m. Turned out splendid day. After dinner did some washing. Put in application for leave to England this morning. Finished work 5 p.m. Bright moonlight again tonight and Fritz planes very busy bombing round the district. Our planes busy too. Received letter from Harold to say came out of stunt all serene. In bed 10 p.m.

Sunday 30th September, 1917

Up and at work as usual till dinner time, had bath this afternoon. Harry came to see us and had tea. Fritz planes bombing all round district tonight, our planes active. In bed 10.30 p.m. Monday 1st October, 1917

Up and at work as usual, sharp this morning but lovely day. Our guns going terrifically from early this morning until dinner time. Big lot of troops went by today in motor Wagons towards line, mostly Aust'ns. Our guns eased down after dinner. Finished work at 5 p.m. Told we will have to move out of our hut, new huts being provided for us but not yet erected. Fritz planes over again tonight bombing. In bed at 10 p.m.

Tuesday 2nd October, 1917

Up at 7 a.m., had breakfast and at work as usual, rather cold morning again but lovely day later though a sort of haze hanging about. Things not so busy just now. Received word at dinner today that my leave application, though recommended by my O.C. had been turned down by the Sup. Light Rly's, does not seem any hope of getting it before Xmas. After tea wrote a letter to Harold. Things quiet tonight up to turning in at 9.30 p.m.

Wednesday 3rd October, 1917

Up at 7 a.m. and at work as usual, rained overnight and dull and miserable today. Looks as if winter is beginning. This afternoon 3 pals from the Amb. came to see me and we had a good yarn. News in the papers looking very good. Had yarn and wrote a letter after tea and in bed at 9 p.m.

Thursday 4th October, 1917

Up at 7 a.m. and at work as usual. The infantry went over the top this morning with great success. About 2500 prisoners brought down this way, rumours of capture of

Page 217 very great number of prisoners ranging from 10,000 to 25,000, hope it is true, also capture of "Polecapelle". Weather very miserable today. Tucker not too plentiful. After tea wrote 3 letters and had a yarn and in bed 9.30 p.m.

Friday 5th October, 1917

Up at 7 a.m. and at work as usual, miserable day today, drizzling rain. Had afternoon off. Harry and two pals came to see us and we walked to Reninghelst and bought Xmas cards to send home, had cup of coffee and back home for tea. Latest rumours of our offensive very good. Harry and friends left about 5 p.m. Had 2 letters from home and one from Dais about Fred's death. In bed 9.30.

Saturday 6th October, 1917

Up at 7 a.m. and at work as usual, miserable day again, wet and cold. Our hut to come down tomorrow so made arrangements to go into another. Our guns seem to be very active and fritz keeps lobbing an odd shell over this way. Packed my gear tonight ready to move in morning and into bed 10 p.m.

Sunday 7th October, 1917

Put clock back one hour at midnight and up at 7 a.m. Fritz bombing close by early this morning. Put up bunks and moved into new hut today, fairly comfortable. Rotten day, wind and rain. In bed 9.30 p.m.

Monday 8th October, 1917

Fritz put over few shells not far from here during night. Up at 7 a.m. and at work as usual. Looked like nice day at first, but turned out rotten, rained hard. Fritz put some heavy shells near here during day, some fell in Waratah hospital camp killing and wounding patients, a doctor killed also. After tea wrote a letter home and did some odd jobs, raining very hard tonight. Fritz balloon brought down today. In bed 9 p.m.

Tuesday 9th October, 1917

Up and at work as usual. Rotten day again. Fritz put few shells over us again today. Heard that 2nd, 3rd and 5th British armies had all advanced, also French army further north with considerable success. Waiting anxiously for news. Finished work at 5 p.m., wrote a letter to Dais and in bed at 9 p.m.

Wednesday 10th October, 1917

Up at 7 a.m. and at work as usual. Fritz plane over bombing last night, also put a few shells over. 4th Field Amb. came to camp opposite us so saw Harry. Harold came to see us as well. He came out of line last night and is camped at Busseboom,

Page 218 a friend took shapshot of us all together. After tea went and saw some old pals with the Amb., back at camp and in bed at 9.30 p.m. Rotten day.

Thursday 11th October, 1917

Up at 7 a.m. and at work as usual. Much better day today though cloudy. Some of my old pals from Amb. came to see me. Rumours of big sucesses further north by the 5th Army, also of impending attacks this week or early next. A fritz plane over at tea time. Harold and Harry came to see us after tea. At 8 p.m. went out and saw lot of my old pals, returned to camp at 9.30 p.m. and in bed by 10 p.m.

Friday 12th October, 1917

Up at 7 a.m. and at work as usual, rotten day, very rainy and muddy. Harold and Harry over after dinner to see us. Finished work at 5 p.m. Must be awful for boys in the trenches, more prisoners taken today. Harry and old Mitch round this evening. Went out about 7 p.m. and saw Stan Cohen, had yarn with him till 9 p.m. when returned to camp and in bed 10 p.m.

Saturday 13th October, 1917

Up at 7 a.m. and at work as usual, rotten day again, too wet to work after dinner so had a bath and did little washing. Harold and Harry turned up after tea and stayed talking till 8.30 p.m. Very wild and wet night again, turned into bed about 9.30 p.m. Sunday 14th October, 1917

Up at 7 a.m. and at work as usual. Had half day off and did some writing. Harold and Harry up to see us tonight. In bed at 9.30 p.m.

Monday 15th October, 1917

Up at 7 a.m. and at work as usual, little finer today but cold. Some of the boys from Amb. over to see me at work. Finished work at 5 p.m. Fritz planes over bombing this evening. Harold and Harry up to see us. Went across to Amb., had a yarn with the boys and got some Amb. stores and in bed 10 p.m.

Tuesday 16th October, 1917

Up at 7 a.m. and at work as usual, fine but cold. Don't feel too good today, have heavy cold. Harold came up for tea and Harry later. Went out and had cup of coffee, then went to Amb. and saw Lieut. Bankier who used to be S.Sgt. in Amb. now of 4th Batt. Had yarn and supper and returned to camp and in bed 10.30 p.m., raining tonight.

Wednesday 17th October, 1917

Up at 7 a.m. and at work as usual, finer today but cold wind. Our planes very active. About 11 a.m. fritz plane over Reninghelst very high, our planes cut him off and one of them sent fritz crashing to the ground. After dinner more still of our planes about. Finished work at 5 p.m. Harold round tonight, he is not very well, told him to go sick

Page 219 tomorrow. Went round to Amb. at 7.30 p.m. and got some stores and couple suits of pyjamas for Dad and I. Back and in bed 9.30 p.m.

Thursday 18th October, 1917

Up at 7 a.m. and at work as usual, much nicer day today. Half doz. fritz planes tried to get over about 1 p.m. but beaten back. Harold and Harry round to see us. Will Hill round to tell us his transfer is through, will be with us tomorrow. Went round to Amb. about 7.30 p.m. and got some things and in bed 9.30 p.m.

Friday 19th October, 1917

Up at 7 a.m. and at work as usual. Will Hill came to our unit today. Rather nice day today. Fritz planes over very high, our planes active. After tea wrote a letter to Dais. Our guns roaring very heavily all evening, seems to be heavy bombardment on. Fritz plane over bombing about 8.30 p.m., in bed 9.30 p.m.

Saturday 20th October, 1917

Up at 7 a.m. and at work as usual, very nice day but hazy. Fritz plane over very low about dinner time, also over very high again later. Our planes very busy and guns booming. Went into Reninghelst with Will Hill after tea and bought some Xmas cards, back and in camp at 9.30 p.m.

Sunday 21st October, 1917

Up at 7 a.m. and on duty as usual, busy all day till knocked off at 5.p.m. Had just cleaned up after tea and was going to do some writing when enemy plane or planes bombed our camp, it was terrible. The Royal Engineers suffered most, two of their huts being hit direct and others wrecked. Dad had just gone out with Uncle Tom, Harold and Harry were with me, made them lie down then went to look for Dad. Saw a wounded man, dressed him (Brachial artery severed) and took him to A.M.C. near by. Total casualties so far as I know are 14 killed and 34 wounded, some of wounded sure to die. Dad took cover under Motor Wagon inside which a man was killed, later 35 holes were counted in wagon where pieces of bomb had gone through. Dad upset, got him fixed up and turned in 10 p.m.

Monday 22nd October, 1917

Up at 7 a.m. and went over to job at 8 a.m. Dad still upset so did not do any work. Very few working, everyone too upset. Buried 11 of the killed this morning, four of our company were wounded and 2 gone to hospital with shock. Did some writing after dinner. Harold came to tea and we saw Harry later. Fritz planes over bombing district tonight again. Turned into bed 10 p.m.

Tuesday 23rd October, 1917

Up at 7 a.m., very wet morning. Went over to job, did not do much as too wet. Worked after dinner. Harold came over for half an hour at 2 p.m. After tea did some writing then went for cup of coffee and visited some of boys at 4th F. Amb., had

Page 220 some supper with them and at home and in bed 9.30 p.m. Dad sleeping over at farm with Uncle Tom. Heard today total No. casualties from bomb raid by fritz on Sunday night was 71 killed and wounded.

Wednesday 24th October, 1917

Up at 7 a.m. and at work at 8 a.m., rained hard during night, little clearer this morning. Went for coffee at 11 a.m. Worked hard after dinner, our planes very active, great nos. of them about. Fritz planes tried to get over but driven back. After tea wrote letter and went for coffee. Very wild and wet night, turned in 10 p.m.

Thursday 25th October, 1917

Up at 7 a.m. and at work as usual, still repairing wagons. Rather wild day and inclined to rain, also cold. News of French victory near "Soissons". After tea sky cleared and seemed like frost. Went out for coffee and had supper with Amb. boys. Fritz planes over bombing not far away about 9.30 p.m., in bed 10 p.m.

Friday 26th October, 1917

Up 7 a.m. and at work as usual. Put in application for leave to England this morning. Very wet and windy day, almost impossible to work in the open. Heard rumours of immense French success. After tea went for coffee and had supper with Amb. boys and back at hut and in bed 9.30 p.m.

Saturday 27th October, 1917

Up at 7 a.m. and at work as usual. Nicer day but chilly. News of great French successes. 4th Field Amb. left today, Harry went with them for a rest. Our planes very active and rumours of an advance on this front. After tea went out and saw Charlie Price, 14th F. Amb., wrote a letter home and in bed 9.30 p.m.

Sunday 28th October, 1917

Up at 7 a.m. and at work as usual, fine day. Guns going and saw no. of wounded. Cut my fingers badly on tin. Tried to write letter to Dais. In bed 9.30 p.m.

Monday 29th October, 1917

Did not sleep much, my fingers ached horribly, had to take bandages off during night to ease them. Up at 7 a.m. and went over to job at 8 a.m., very nice day but cold. Did not do much and after dinner had a sleep and read till tea time. Could not write tonight so went out for coffee. Fritz over bombing nor far away, driven off. Into bed 10 p.m.

Tuesday 30th October, 1917

Fritz was over bombing at 5 a.m. but did not hear him. Up at 7 a.m. and at work 8 a.m., very cold and bitter day, rained this afternoon so could not do much. After tea

Page 221 finished my letter to Dais and had a yarn. Great discussion as to whether Fritz will be over tonight. Turned into bed 10 p.m.

Wednesday 31st October, 1917

Up at 7 a.m. and at work 8 a.m., very nice and mild day. Fritz planes over bombing all round here about 5 a.m., dropped over 100 bombs, believe number of casualties in Popperinghe. Heard 47 men waiting for leave train were killed. After dinner filled sandbags for around hut as protection against bombs. Had bath and after tea went out for coffee. Back at 9 p.m. and Fritz plane over 9.15 p.m. Did not drop bombs so into bed at 9.30 p.m.

Thursday 1st November, 1917

Fritz planes dropped bombs near here 10 p.m. last night till nearly 11 p.m., also couple of times during night, but did not hear them again. Up at 7 a.m. and at work as usual, mild but inclined to rain, got colder towards night. After tea went out for coffee, then wrote letter and in bed at 9 p.m.

Friday 2nd November, 1917

Up at 7 a.m. and at work at 8 a.m., very mild but inclined to rain. Very quiet day, not much doing and too dull for planes. Rum ration was issued last night for first time here. After tea did little at souvenir ash tray then went for coffee. Back at hut at 8 p.m. and wrote a letter, afterwards had yarn and turned in at 9.30 p.m.

Saturday 3rd November, 1917

Up at 7 a.m. One of our chaps scalded his hand, dressed it for him and at work 8.15 a.m. Finished repairing trucks for present so went on Engines, not much doing. Very dull day but mild. After tea went out for coffee with Dad and Uncle Tom then Will Hill and I had yarn and in bed at 9 p.m.

Sunday 4th November, 1917

Up at 7 a.m. and at work as usual, mild and rather nice day. Our guns going hard last night and again this evening, very quiet otherwise. Turned into bed 9.30 p.m.

Monday 5th November, 1917

Up at 7 a.m. and at work 8 a.m. straightening an engine frame today. Very nice and mild day, good number of our planes about. News of sinking of eleven Hun boats (patrol etc.). Dad not too good, got bad cold. Guns very busy at intervals. After tea went out for coffee. Came back and in bed 9 p.m. as have got nasty headache.

Tuesday 6th November, 1917

Up at 7 a.m. and at work at 8 a.m. Believe Fritz planes over during night, did not hear them. Dad not too good so went on sick parade and was admitted to Waratah

Page 222 divisional rest station, got nasty cold. After dinner I got off and went up to see him and take some things, he is pretty comfortable. After tea took my washing out and my great coat to have the colours sewn on, back and had a yarn and in bed 9 p.m.

Wednesday 7th November, 1917

Up at 7 a.m. and at work 8 a.m., cold and bleak morning, hailstones fell. Working on small Huntslett engine that is in to be inspected and overhauled, got terribly black with soot and water, looked pretty picture. At 4 p.m. had a bath and after tea went to see Dad, he is doing very well. Believe fritz plane over at 1 a.m. and 3 a.m. this morning but driven off by our planes before could drop bombs. Turned into bed 9.30 p.m.

Thursday 8th November, 1917

Up at 7 a.m. and at work 8 a.m., rather cold. Took wash out plugs and mud hole door of Huntslett Engine. Great no. of our planes about. At 11 a.m. a fritz plane came over and was brought down. Fritz plane was over bombing about 3 a.m. this morning, did not hear him. News of further Italian retreat. After tea wrote letters, went out and had some eggs and turned into bed 9.30 p.m.

Friday 9th November, 1917

Up at 7 a.m. and at work 8 a.m. stripping tanks etc. of Huntslett, worked hard and did good days work. Dad came back from rest station. Fritz planes over after tea about 8 p.m. bombing some distance from here. Went out and had coffee, wrote a letter to Dais. Feel tired and was weary tonight, suppose it is home sickness. In bed 9.30 p.m. Saturday 10th November, 1917

Up at 7 a.m. and at work 8 a.m. Got the engine stripped and cut off some stays ready for drilling, biggest job we have had in so far. Rained hard off and on all day. Finished 5 p.m. Piece of copper hit me in eye today, not sure if went in but aching tonight. Turned in 9.30 p.m.

Sunday 11th November, 1917

Up at 7 a.m. and at work as usual drilling out stays today with wind and hand drill, good days work. Heavy bombardment last night and all day. Turned in 9 p.m.

Monday 12th November, 1917

Up at 7 a.m. and at work at 8 a.m. Broke down the stays and took out the burrs ready for tapping, very nice day, my job very dirty. Bombardment still going on night and day, third day of it today and it is terribly heavy. Received two letters today and a field post card from 30 Gen. hospital say Harold is there suffering from shell gas. Wrote two letters tonight, had cup of coffee and in bed 9 p.m.

Tuesday 13th November, 1917

Page 223 Up at 7 a.m. and at work 8 a.m. getting mud stays etc. out of water space, also took out centre stay plates as boiler has to be lifted out of frame. Fritz planes over, driven off by ours. Nice day, fourth day of bombardment. Various rumours afloat. Received two letters today and wrote two tonight. Had cup of coffee and into bed at 9.30 p.m.

Wednesday 14th November, 1917

Up at 7 a.m. and at work 8 a.m. Took out spark arrester from my job then could not do any more for present so went on job with Uncle Tom patching broken buffer beam. The bombardment eased down during last night, have not heard any news yet. Rather nice this morning but dull after dinner and drizzly rain tonight. After tea went out for coffee and in bed 9 p.m. Had a letter from Harold.

Thursday 15th November, 1917

Up at 7 a.m. and at work 8 a.m. putting a footplate and bunker on an Engine with Uncle Tom. Took down ashpan and damper doors from the Huntslett engine. Not a bad day, few clouds about. Fritz planes tried to get over, beaten back by ours. After tea wrote a letter to Mirrie and asked for 1918 diary in case Dais. can't get one for me. Guns going again tonight. In bed 9 p.m.

Friday 16th November, 1917

Up at 7 a.m. and at work 8 a.m., finished putting bunker on and after dinner went on my own job on the Huntslett and drilled five more stays outside with air drill. Dull day today. Bombardment gets very intense at times and has been going intermittently all last night and today. After tea went out for coffee and into bed 9.30 p.m. Saturday 17th November, 1917

Up at 7 a.m. and at work 8 a.m. Drilled out 5 more stays inside before dinner, after dinner broke then down and took out the burrs ready for tapping. Bombardment seemed to ease this afternoon. Very dull day and rather cold. After tea wrote a letter home and turned in 9 p.m.

Sunday 18th November, 1917

Up and at work as usual. Half day holiday today so Dad, Uncle Tom and I walked to Boescheppe, had eggs and chips and back at 5 p.m. Feel tired tonight so turned into bed 8 p.m.

Monday 19th November, 1917

Up at 7 a.m. and at work 8 a.m.. One of R.E.'s got nasty cut so dressed it for him. Salvaged lot of drugs from over the road that an ambulance had left. Dad went away with another chap on train as guard over some tractors, think to the Somme district. After dinner straightened side of copper fire box. Very dull day. After tea wrote letter to Dais., went out for cup of coffee and back again 8.30 p.m. In bed 9.30 p.m.

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Tuesday 20th November, 1917

Up at 7 a.m. and at work 8 a.m., finished straightening side of copper box and washed boiler out. After dinner started marking some lead washers, dressed a couple of chaps hands, very dull and cold day. After tea wrote a letter and had a yarn, guns booming intermittently. Turned into bed at 9 p.m.

Wednesday 21st November, 1917

Up at 7 a.m. and at work as usual, took out lead plug, wash out plug and two broken studs from smoke box door clips and fixed them up. Very dull day and rained this afternoon. This depot ceased as a running shed at midnight last night and all engines except those under repair have gone to "Quinton". Had letter from Harold, he is in Mill Rd. Infirmary, Liverpool. Am glad to hear it, wrote to him again tonight. Dad landed back tonight, had had fair time. Had yarn and turned into bed 10 p.m.

Thursday 22nd November, 1917

Up at 7 a.m. and at work 8 a.m. Fixed up couple of worn out plugs, an awkward job. Work rather slack, nearly all engines away, looks like move for us. Turned out rather nice day and very mild. Fritz planes about at times very high, chased off by our planes which were about in great numbers. Dad and I had cup of coffee and turned in at 9 p.m.

Friday 23rd November, 1917

Up at 7 a.m. and at work 8 a.m. Work rather slack, can't understand what is doing, did small job or two. Wind getting up and pretty cold. News of third army's victory near Cambrai (General Byng's army), very good. Great discussions on Aust'n conscription question. Guns going pretty hard up here. Wrote some letters tonight and in bed 9 p.m. Uncle Tom in rest station, diarrhoea.

Saturday 24th November, 1917

Up at 7 a.m. and at work 8 a.m. Got tap from Quinton and started tapping stay holes in Huntslett engine. Tapped two and tap went bung, too soft, so had to knock off. Wind blowing hurricane making our hut terribly draughty. Wrote a letter tonight and turned in about 9.30 p.m.

Sunday 25th November, 1917

Up at 7 a.m. and at work 8 a.m. Nothing doing, did few dressings for chaps, boils etc. Half day off this afternoon, did some washing. Dad and I went for coffee tonight, and in bed 9 p.m.

Monday 26th November, 1917

Page 225 Up at 7 a.m. and at work 8 a.m. Still windy and cold, seems like snow. Started straightening an Engine frame today, but could not make much headway on a/c of conditions under which we have to work. Wind dropped good deal after tea and rain came at intervals, not so cold. Did some writing tonight, guns booming heavily. Made cup of tea and turned in 9.30 p.m.

Tuesday 27th November, 1917

Up at 7 a.m. and at work 8 a.m. Raining very hard so could not do much till about 12 noon when cleared up. Put a fire on bent engine frame and straightened one side today. Good news of our offensive at Cambrai. Rumoured we have occupied Camb. Guns going heavily up here tonight. Wrote letter to Dais and in bed 10 p.m.

Wednesday 28th November, 1917

Up at 7 a.m. and at work 8 a.m. My 27th birthday today. Straightening engine frame today. Windy but fine and mild, our planes about in great numbers. Our planes about all last night and some about again tonight though blowing up cloudy. Went for coffee with Dad after tea then wrote a letter and into bed 9.30 p.m.

Thursday 29th November, 1917

Up at 7 a.m. and at work 8 a.m. Put up front of Engine again and straightened the buffer plank. Windy but nice otherwise, fritz plane over and driven off by ours. Received letters from Mam and Dais after dinner. After tea wrote some letters and argued about conscription, am for it. Fritz planes bombed Popp. and shells dropping in it. In bed 9 p.m. Friday 30th November, 1917

Up at 7 a.m. and at work 8 a.m. Re erected front plate and commenced setting smoke-box door which is badly twisted. Pretty cold day, at intervals our guns sounded very plainly. Fixed up couple of chaps who are sick and after tea did some writing before turning in at 9.30 p.m.

Saturday 1st December, 1917

Up at 7 a.m. and at work 8 a.m. Finished smoke box door this morning. Very cold wind today which increased considerably after tea. After dinner fixed up sick chaps, took temperatures and gave them some tablets to take. Went with Dad for coffee and in bed 9 p.m.

Sunday 2nd December, 1917

Up at 7 a.m. and at work as usual. Half holiday this afternoon, cleaned up my things and did some writing. Very cold and windy, in bed 10 p.m.

Monday 3rd December, 1917

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Up at 7 a.m. and at work 8 a.m. Took firehole door and casting off and emptied boiler. After dinner expanded two leaky tubes and arranged to fix up safety plug. Very frosty with biting cold and strong wind but sky quite clear and blue. This afternoon numbers of our planes were about in spite of the wind. After tea did some writing and had a yarn before turning in 10 p.m.

Tuesday 4th December, 1917

Up at 7 a.m. and at work 8 a.m. Very keen frost, ground white and sharp wind. Drilled safety plug hole out and tapped it, then started to set smoke box door, very cold. Fixed up Sgt. Major Fraillon who is sick and knocked off 5 p.m. After tea wrote to Dais. and sat yarning till turned in 9.30 p.m.

Wednesday 5th December, 1917

Up at 7 a.m. and at work 8 a.m. Very keen frost again and bitter cold. Setting smoke box door but not busy so kept near a fire. Great number of our balloons up, fritz planes tried to get over but could not. Had a bath at 4 p.m. Fritz plane over about 6 p.m., quite dark, did not drop bombs. Went with Dad for coffee and turned in 9.30 p.m. Very frosty again tonight.

Thursday 6th December, 1917

Up at 7 a.m. and at work 8 a.m. Fritz plane over early but driven off, very frosty. Dads arm badly swollen with rheumatism, went on sick parade. Not much work doing today, finished smoke box door. After tea fritz planes over twice, did not drop bombs, got searchlight on one. Did some writing and in bed 9 p.m.

Friday 7th December, 1917

Up at 7 a.m. and at work 8 a.m. Very dull day but much milder. Started tubing today, cleaned tubes and knocked out ferrules, 83 tubes in the boiler and doing them all, filed them up ready for expanding. Clerk took my name for leave to England this evening, did some writing, received parcel from Hightown Church. Dad much better. In bed 10 p.m.

Saturday 8th December, 1917

Up at 7 a.m. and at work 8 a.m., expanded 83 tubes, good days work. Mild day and inclined to rain. Mam's birthday. Very quiet day. After tea wrote letter to Mam and went for coffee with Dad and in bed 10 p.m.

Sunday 9th December, 1917

Up at 7 a.m. and at work 8 a.m., replaced 53 ferrules in tubes I am on. Half day off, did some sewing and writing and into bed 9 p.m. Rained hard.

Page 227 Monday 10th December, 1917

Up at 7 a.m. and at work 8 a.m. Mild and nice day though rained last night. Replaced remainder of ferrules in boiler tubes and got ready for testing. About half doz fritz planes over bombing about 3 p.m., soon cleared off. Got frosty about 5 p.m. Fritz planes over bombing about 6 p.m. to 8 p.m. at intervals, quite dark. Wrote letter to Dais. and in bed 10 p.m.

Tuesday 11th December, 1917

Up at 7 a.m. and at work 8 a.m. Got steam up on Merryweather pump and tested my tubes, all were correct. Had engine put on pit again, refilled and replaced safety plug and put ashpan up in its place again, very awkward job, but managed it by 5 o'clock. After tea did some writing and after a yarn turned in at 9 p.m.

Wednesday 12th December, 1917

Up 7 a.m. and at work 8 a.m., washed out boiler and filled it, built up smoke box again and off duty 8 p.m., into bed 9 p.m.

Thursday 13th December, 1917

Woke about 2 a.m. with severe pains in stomach, got up 7 a.m. and at work 8 a.m. Took guard iron brackets off two engines and fixed them up. Not feeling at all well so knocked off at 11.30 a.m. Our Capt. on leave to Paris and New Zealand Lieut. in charge shaking things up. Lay down and had quiet afternoon. Spent quiet evening and in bed 9 p.m.

Friday 14th December, 1917

Slept fairly well and up at 7 a.m. feeling rather washed out so saw Lt. Byers and got leave to lie up for day, very nasty drizzly and cold day. Took things quietly with Dad in the hut and kept warm. Am expecting my leave every day now so want to be well. Turned into bed 9 p.m.

Saturday 15th December, 1917

Up at 7 a.m., slept middling, did not feel fit for work so had to go on sick parade, otherwise had to work. Saw Yankee Doctor, don't think much of him, thought I had appendicitis at first. Just my stomach upset by either bad water or dirty cooking. Marked Light duty but did not do anything. Turned in 9 p.m.

Sunday 16th December, 1917

Up at 7 a.m. feeling better but did not go to work and did not go to doctor. Went out for coffee, out of the way. Back for dinner, had lie down this afternoon, very cold and miserable, tried hard to snow. Went out for coffee with Dad and in bed 9 p.m.

Monday 17th December, 1917

Page 228 Up at 7 a.m. and at work 8 a.m. Very cold and inclined to snow. Run in some stays in Huntslett and cut them off. After dinner rivetted stays on inside of box, very awkward. New Zealand officer trying to make things willing. My head very crook tonight. Wrote three letters, made cup of tea and in bed 9 p.m. Our guns booming.

Tuesday 18th December, 1917

Up at 7 a.m. and at work 8 a.m. Very frosty and cold with sharp wind. Rivetted stays on outside of fire box and started taking safety plugs out but had to knock off for lack of tools. Sky clear but cold all day. After tea wrote letter to Dais. made cup of cocoa and into bed 9.30 p.m.

Wednesday 19th December, 1917

Up at 7 a.m. and at work 8 a.m., took out plugs at front of boiler and got some kerosene on to safety plugs which are very tight. After dinner washed boiler out again. Not a bad day, very frosty and sharp, but no wind. Guns roaring all the time very heavily. Wrote letters tonight, went with Dad for coffee and into bed 9.30 p.m.

Thursday 20th December, 1917

Up at 7 a.m. and at work 8 a.m., very sharp and heavy white frost. Order up stopping us from getting coal on penalty of forfeiting 12 months leave. Made lead washers for mud hole doors and put one up. Fixed up chaps chin, badly cut by falling on ice, had to have three stitches. Put on two guard irons this afternoon. Went for coffee with Dad after tea and in bed 9 p.m.

Friday 21st December, 1917

Up at 7 a.m. and at work 8 a.m., put sling plates on boiler and damper doors for ashpan. Very frosty and cold, heaviest frost so far, also came in foggy tonight. Wrote two letters and had a yarn. Hard to keep warm so turned into bed about 8.30 p.m. Saturday 22nd December, 1917

Up at 7 a.m. and at work 8 a.m. Put wash out plugs in and assisted Blacksmith to weld up a box spanner I am waiting for. Not so cold today but still frosty. After tea went with Dad for coffee as our friends are leaving tomorrow. Turned into bed at 9 p.m.

Sunday 23rd December, 1917

Up at 7 a.m. and at work 8 a.m., heavy frost and very cold. Took out two lead plugs. Half day off this afternoon, too cold to go out, sat shivering in hut, could not get warm. Fritz plane bombing 6.30 p.m. Into bed 9 p.m.

Monday 24th December, 1917

Up at 7 a.m. and at work 8 a.m. Wet frost this morning and cold. Re-tapped a safety plug hole in Huntslett. Sleet and rain inclined to fall. Refitted lead plug. Number of

Page 229 men pretty drunk this afternoon so not much work doing. Had diarrhoea today pretty bad but little better tonight. Wrote letter home tonight and turned into bed 9 p.m.

Tuesday 25th December, 1917

Up at 7 a.m. and at work 8 a.m. Feel sick today so knocked off at 10 a.m., got diarrhoea bad. Half holiday this afternoon, big no. of men in liquor. Will Hill had tea with us. Spent most of day in my bunk. Feel very rotten tonight, turned in for night at 6.30 p.m. First real fall of snow was on Xmas day.

Wednesday 26th December, 1917

Up at 7 a.m. and went on sick parade at 9 a.m., snowing hard and strong wind. Back at 11 a.m. Had nothing only boiled milk all day. Dad has to go away tomorrow to the C.C.S. on his way to the base and perhaps to Aust. Feel little better tonight. Wrote letter to Dais. and turned into bed 8.30 p.m.

Thursday 27th December, 1917

Up at 7 a.m., snow still on ground and pretty cold. This is third day have had nothing to eat, just little boiled milk from farm. Went on sick parade. Dad left at 11 a.m. for the base, hope he gets back to Aust. Spent day reading, news of first British reprisal raid on Mannheim. Guns up forward bursting out in spasms. Wrote two letters home and in bed 8 p.m.

Friday 28th December, 1917

Up at 7 a.m., feel better this morning. Very keen and cold, ground still covered with snow. Went on sick parade and back at 11 a.m. Fritz planes over about 11.30 a.m., soon driven off. Spent afternoon reading, started to blow very strong this evening, had little bread and margarine for first time in four days. In bed 9 p.m.

Saturday 29th December, 1917

Up at 7 a.m., guns been booming heavily all night, snowed a little. Received word this morning to go on leave at midnight tonight. Went to doctors at 9 a.m. for chat (vermin) and scaby free ticket. Packed up my gear this afternoon and got ready. After tea cleaned myself thoroughly and set out for Popperinghe station at 10.30 p.m.

Sunday 30th December, 1917

Caught train 1.30 a.m. and arrived at Boulogne at 11.30 a.m., went on boat and crossed to Folkestones, then to London by 8.30 p.m., reported at Hdqtrs and caught train 11 p.m. for Middlesboro.

Monday 31st December, 1917

Page 230

Arrived at Middlesbro' station at 6.30 a.m. and went to Uncle Dan's, had breakfast then went out for hair cut and bath before dinner. Pretty tired so spent a quiet afternoon indoors and after tea Uncle Dan went round with me to Uncle Charlie's and we spent a pleasant and quiet evening, getting home and to bed at 11 p.m.

Page 231

1918 First page reads:

This diary belongs to 2063 Sapper W. D. Lycett 15th Aust L.R.O. Co'y A.I.F. - B.E.F. France and of

126 Railway Place Flemington Melbourne Victoria Australia and should it be lost and the finder not be able to return it to its owner will he or she please forward it to

Miss D. G. Hill 40 Mirams St. Ascot Vale Melbourne Victoria Australia

If I should fall Think this of me, That in some corner of a foreign land There's a spot that is for ever England.

Rupert Brookes Killed in action.

Page 233 Tuesday 1st January, 1918

Up at 8 a.m. and had good breakfast, after which Uncle Dan and I went round Uncle Charlie’s works, very interesting. Home for dinner and then I went round and brought Uncle Charlie and my aunt to Uncle Dan’s for tea. Spent quiet evening and caught train for Crewe at 10.45 p.m., Uncle Dan and my aunt seeing me off.

Wednesday 2nd January, 1918

Had long and tiresome ride spending hours waiting for trains and arrived at Crewe 11.15 a.m. Had a good meal and then took walk up town to see some friends. Received a letter from Grandmother to go down to Winsford tonight. Phoned up Mill Rd. Hospital about Harold and caught train at 8.45 p.m. for Winsford, found in wrong train and went to Warrington first stop, so had to get a bed and put up for night, no trains going back.

Thursday 3rd January, 1918

Called up at 6.30 a.m. and caught 7.14 a.m. train to Winsford to my Grandmother's. Had breakfast and a yarn, saw Jim to the station, Aunt Mary and youngster and Uncle Jabez and Ellie came round to see me. After tea wrote a letter to Harold and turned in at 9.30 p.m.

Friday 4th January, 1918

Up at 7 a.m. and caught 8.30 a.m. train to Liverpool and went to Hospital to see Harold, found him doing very nicely. Sat in all morning talking and had dinner at Hospital. Went out with Harold at 2 p.m. had a meal and met Uncle Jabez, Aunt Annie and Cousin Ellie at 3.30 p.m. Went for tea and set Harold on train then caught 5.30 p.m. to Crewe. Went round and saw Mr. Walker and family and back at my cousins and in bed 10 p.m.

Saturday 5th January, 1918

Up at 8.30 a.m. and after breakfast took a walk to Mr. Potters at Hightown where stayed till dinner time. After dinner went to Mr. Holdsworths then Mr. Lewis's for tea and finished up at Mr. Fytches for supper, leaving there about 11.30 p.m and returning to my cousins and in bed 12.30 p.m.

Sunday 6th January, 1918

Up at 8 a.m. and went to Hightown Church 10.30 a.m. service by King's Proclamation of prayer for peace. Saw lot of old friends after service. After dinner cousin and I went to Mrs. Hardings for tea, sang duet and went to Church 6.30 p.m.

Page 234 After service saw more old friends and went round to Mr. Sam Potters for supper and stayed till midnight, returned to Cousins and in bed 1 a.m.

Monday 7th January, 1918

Up at 8.30 a.m. and after breakfast wrote up my diary and wrote note to Dad who is at Bristol. After dinner went to "Cosey" at Haslington and had tea then returned to Mr. Potters, Hightown, and had a musical and enjoyable evening. Quite a party, had supper and got back to my cousins and to bed by 1 a.m.

Tuesday 8th January, 1918

Up at 7 a.m. and caught 8.10 a.m. to Winsford and went to Grandmother's for dinner. After dinner walked to Uncle Jabez's at Moulton, about 3 miles, and had tea. Came back to Winsford about 7 p.m. and sat talking with some friends at Grandmothers. Jim arrived home on leave from Newcastle about 9 p.m. and after supper we turned in to bed about 11 p.m.

Wednesday 9th January, 1918

Up at 6.30 a.m. and Jim and I caught 8.5 a.m. to Flixton via Manchester. Went to Aunt Sarah's for dinner and Aunt Charlotte's (Dot's) for tea. Aunt Louisa and Lizzie came down to see me. Had very nice day and caught 9.10 p.m. back, had half hour to wait at M'chester so saw Aunt Louisa on car, arrived back at Winsford about 11 p.m. and into bed.

Thursday 10th January, 1918

Up at 8.30 a.m. and had breakfast then wrote a letter to Mam and one to Dais. before dinner. Caught train at 2.15 p.m. to Crewe and went to my cousins where we had a small party, music etc. Had very nice afternoon and evening and turned in 12 midnight.

Friday 11th January, 1918

Up at 8.30 a.m. had breakfast and went out and opened an account with the United Counties Bank, depositing 15 pounds. Back for dinner and went to Cosey, then caught 4.39 p.m. to Sandbach and had tea at Mrs. Deans, had music and cards, caught 9.20 p.m. train back and after cup of tea turned into bed.

Saturday 12th January, 1918

Up at 8.30 a.m. and after breakfast went for walk round town. Got my sugar ticket for 1 1/2 lbs. sugar. Saw number of men I know from works and went back for

Page 235 dinner. This afternoon bought some presents for home, called on Mr. and Mrs. Broach, had tea with Holdsworths and went back to Lourton St. with my parcels. Went out again this evening and spent hour with Mr. and Mrs. Potter of Hightown. Went back to cousins and found Uncle Jim there, had bath and yarn then went to station and caught 11.50 p.m. to London.

Sunday 13th January, 1918

Arrived at Euston Station London about 3 a.m. and taken by motor Wagons to Victoria station. Went into Y.M.C.A. and had breakfast then reported on station at 6 a.m. Got my pass stamped and train left 8 a.m. Arrived at Dover about 11.15 a.m. and after hours wait went aboard ship, crossed channel to Calais in about 1 1/2 hours and marched to rest camp. Had cold dinner about 4 p.m. and cold tea 6.30 p.m. Got 2 thin blankets, went to Y.M.C.A. service and lay down in bell tent about 9 p.m. Could not get warm and was lying with all my clothes on, but bitter cold and started snowing heavily, feeling very miserable.

Monday 14th January, 1918

Had very rotten night and up at 5.30 a.m., had piece of cold meat and dry bread for breakfast 6.30 a.m., then on parade 7.30 a.m. Stood in snow shivering for about 2 hours while we were sorted out into our respective divisions, then marched about 4 miles to train and got aboard it. Train left at 11 a.m. and we had a cold and rotten ride to Popperinghe which we reached about 3 p.m. when I set out and walked to my unit about 2 1/2 miles away, put my kit straight and had a yarn, read some letters from home which arrived while I have been away and turned into bed about 10 p.m.

Tuesday 15th January, 1918

Slept well last night as was very tired and got up at 7 a.m., rather mild morning. Did not go to work, took day off to clean and tidy things up and do some writing. Wrote to Mam, Dais., Harold, Harry and Reg. Dare for Dad. After dinner it started raining and towards night rained heavily, our hut leaking all over. Reading a magazine tonight, warmed up drop of tea left from tea time and turned into bed at 10 p.m.

Wednesday 16th January, 1918

Up at 7 a.m., had breakfast and at work 8 a.m. Conditions changed here now, our Capt. having been worked out of his job and not one officer of our Co'y is left here to look after our interest. One Canadian B'maker and several Canadian Fitters are working here now and dissatisfaction exists at the methods employed to get the most work out and at the conditions we have to work under. I have been fitting on snow brushes today, only took them off a few weeks ago, a most useless job. After tea had a shave and took my clothes out to be washed, then had a read. Rained hard and very stormy all day. In bed 9 p.m.

Page 236 Thursday 17th January, 1918

Slept well last night and up at 7 a.m., breakfast and at work 8 a.m. fixing snow brushes on Engines today again. About 11 a.m. Harry turned up to see me, he is looking well and has been down Peronne way, now camped near Bailleul. Stayed to dinner and went back about 3 p.m. A miserable day, sleet and rain and very muddy. Think the winter is telling on me a bit, I feel a bit done up at times. After tea wrote some letters and re-addressed some to Dad, sent them to Grandmother. Had a read and smoke and turned into bed about 9 p.m.

Friday 18th January, 1918

Up at 7 a.m. and at work 8 a.m. Put guard iron and brushes on engine then took down an ash pan before dinner. After dinner hammered and fullard two leaky stays, put on two sets of snow brushes. Finer today but very muddy and miserable. Received a letter from Dais. Told tonight that we have to change to another hut in morning. Rumours of a Belgian advance and that Germany has agreed to the Allies peace proposals with exception of question of Alsace-Lorraine, hope it is true. Wrote couple of letters and had a read then into bed at 9 p.m.

Saturday 19th January, 1918

Up at 7 a.m. and had breakfast, then had to shift into another hut, took our time and fixed up properly by dinner time. Went to work after dinner, took down front of Engine and straightened one side of frame. Rather mild day and did not rain. Officers now in charge of depot trying to stir things up, men getting up against them. After tea did some writing under difficulties, one chap doing physical jerks and several drunks in the hut. Had a read and turned into bed at 9 p.m.

Sunday 20th January, 1918

Up at 7 a.m. and at work 8 a.m., drizzly wet day. Uncle Tom and I working together straightened the other side of engine frame then I put up an ash pan that had been taken down. Half day off today. Harry came up to see me and stayed till 3 p.m., looking well. Received a letter from home, had a read and fell asleep before tea. After tea had yarn with Will Hill who expects to go on leave to Eng. tomorrow. He had received a parcel from Cis., had piece of cake and some butter. Wrote a letter home, had a read and turned in about 9 p.m. Very windy tonight.

Monday 21st January, 1918

Up at 7 a.m. and at work 8 a.m., drizzly wet day and slightly cold. Built up front of engine, marked off and put up two guard irons, put on some lagging and started to put up an ash pan. Will Hill went on leave this morning to Eng. Were paid just before dinner. Rumours that our company is likely to move somewhere before long. Number of our planes about though weather not good and tonight they seem to be

Page 237 very active. Wrote a letter to Dais., read a magazine and turned into bed about 10 p.m.

Tuesday 22nd January, 1918

Up at 7 a.m. and at work 8 a.m., finished putting ash pan up on engine. Patched and rivetted guard iron bracket and bolted them on then bolted up guard iron. Not much doing after dinner, officers been rushing us and now not much to do. Dodged over to hut about 4 p.m. Rotten dodging officers in yard and have not got a job. Nice day and our planes about, weather real good for time of year. After tea went for my washing, started raining a little. Had read and turned in 9 p.m.

Wednesday 23rd January, 1918

Up at 7 a.m. and at work 8 a.m. Took down an ash pan and took out fire bars this morning. Nice day again. After dinner put some fire bars in another engine and took out safety plug, refilled it and put it back again. Things slack again, waiting on the fitters. Officers chasing us round, misery dodging them. Our tucker getting worse, practically living on bread and jam, purely bad management. After tea wrote letter, had read and yarn and turned in 9 p.m.

Thursday 24th January, 1918

Up at 7 a.m. and at work 8 a.m. knocking ferrules out of tubes so as to expand them, ferrules very tough in this engine, about 30 tubes went back, worked hard and did not get them all finished today, been badly put in. Very nice day, just like spring. Our planes active, saw couple of fritz planes over towards lines, soon driven off. Supposed we will be moving in few days time. After tea wrote letter to Dais. as it is her birthday. Had letter from Dad, doing alright at Bristol. Into bed 10 p.m.

Friday 25th January, 1918

Up at 7 a.m. and at work 8 a.m. still getting ferrules out of tubes, pretty solid, over 30 tubes driving back, job has been badly done on some previous occasion. Beautiful spring day again, our planes active and more sound of the guns today. Still rumours of us moving. Fritz planes tried to get over, not successful. Beautiful moonlight night, expected fritz planes over bombing but did not come, could hear ours going over. Had read and turned into bed 9.30 p.m. Received 2 small parcels, from Cousin Mirrie, and from Sir Charles Starmer, "Northern Eals" office, Darlington.

Saturday 26th January, 1918

Up at 7 a.m. and at work 8 a.m.. Got some more ferrules out, some broke and had to cut last four out. Rather chilly this morning and misty, but cleared up fine by dinner time. My mate started expanding tubes at fire box and so as had not much to

Page 238 do this afternoon washed a suit of blues. Do not know for sure if we are moving yet. After tea read a book "Gallipoli" by John Masefield, very good, then acknowledged the parcels I received. Had cup of tea made in the hut and into bed 9.30 p.m.

Sunday 27th January, 1918

Up at 7 a.m. and at work 8 a.m., rather misty and cold, came out nice after dinner. Expanded some boiler tubes this morning and at 12 noon slipped off for a bath before dinner. After dinner shaved and had a nap then read till tea time, things very slow and dull. After tea wrote some letters and had a read. About 8 p.m. heavy gun fire opened out for about quarter of an hour then continued spasmodically. Beautiful clear night, a little cold, turned into bed about 9.30 p.m.

Monday 28th January, 1918

Up at 7 a.m. and at work 8 a.m., frosty and a bit cold but beautiful day later. Our planes busy, an odd fritz plane over very high for few minutes. Expanded some tubes this morning finishing fire box end and after dinner put most of ferrules in. Not too much work in just now, good job as our tucker is a perfect disgrace, would be impossible to do real hard days work as have not been getting sufficient nourishment for some time, cooks are rotten. Did some writing and in bed 9 p.m.

Tuesday 29th January, 1918

Up at 7 a.m. and at work 8 a.m., started expanding tubes at smoke box end and did 67 today. Frosty again this morning but lovely and clear later, just little sharpness in the air. Had letter from Dad who is at Dartford, Kent in the No. 3 Austn. Hosp. Guns up line seem to have been bit more active this last few nights. Sharp again tonight. Wrote to Dad and had a yarn then turned in 9.30.

Wednesday 30th January, 1918

Up at 7 a.m. and at work 8 a.m., finished expanding tubes at smoke box end and put in remaining number of ferrules in firebox end. Took out safety plug and refilled it with lead and put it back again. After dinner washed out one and filled up two boilers. Frosty morning but lovely and clear, our planes busy, one fritz plane came over for few minutes. Fritz put some long range shells over us, H.E. and shrapnel burst well behind us. Wrote letters after tea and in bed 9 p.m.

Thursday 31st January, 1918

Up at 7 a.m. and at work 8 a.m., very little doing. Frosty morning and a bit foggy, got colder during the day. Put in firehole door, took off step, got it straightened and put it on again. Have had no papers for two days, rumoured air raid on England.

Page 239 Received photo of Fred's grave from England. After tea did some writing had cup of comoposition and turned into bed at 9.30 p.m.

Friday 1st February, 1918

Up at 7 a.m. and at work 8 a.m. Nothing doing this morning, very frosty and cold. Mixed up four bottles of cough mixture for four chaps with colds, do what I can for the boys but not much encouragement from the heads. After dinner straightened guard iron bracket, took off two old guard irons and one bracket, replaced bracket after blacksmith had fixed it up. Very cold tonight, wrote home and to Dais. Sent photos of Fred's grave. News of strikes in Germany. Turned into bed about 9.30 p.m.

Saturday 2nd February, 1918

Up at 7 a.m. and at work 8 a.m. Frosty and sharp but came out splendid later. Cut some broad gauge rails for guard irons, marked them off and got them drilled, not much doing. Got permission for tomorrow morning off, going to try and find Harry. A Fritz plane over about 2 p.m., our planes going over in great numbers. After tea went out and shook couple of sandbags of coal, did some writing, had read and yarn and into bed about 9.30 p.m.

Sunday 3rd February, 1918

Up at 7.30 a.m. and had breakfast, got leave today so set out at 9.15 a.m. for Bailleul to see Harry, walked all the way, about 9 miles and arrived before dinner. Saw lot of the old boys and had good dinner. Saw monster British aeroplane arrive at aerodrome near by. Carries 16 bombs of 1 cwt. each, 40 smaller bombs, 6 machine guns and six of a crew, can walk about on it, a real beauty, had close look. Set out back at 3.30 p.m., got ride in motor lorry to Reninghelst and arrived at camp 5 p.m. Feel tired so turned in at 7 p.m. Had letter from Harold about "Peggy".

Monday 4th February, 1918

Up at 7 a.m. and at work 8 a.m., fine day and much milder. Put up an ash pan and put fire bars in, started taking down ash pan on another engine, not too much work in. Wind rose a bit this afternoon, fixed up septic finger for a chap and gave out some cough mixture. News of rioting in Berlin, wonder if it will bring peace nearer. After tea wrote letters and had read and turned into bed about 9 p.m.

Tuesday 5th February, 1918

Up at 7 a.m. and at work 8 a.m. Finished taking down an ash pan, took off some bent and damaged stanchions on another engine, had them repaired and put them on again. Put up baffle plates, steam jet bonnet and smoke box front. Rather mild

Page 240 day, fairly clear, a fritz plane came over and was chased out of sight by four of ours. After tea had shave and went out for my washing, had a read and turned into bed at 9 p.m.

Wednesday 6th February, 1918

Up at 7 a.m. and at work 8 a.m. Put up a stanchion and made a new tool box. After dinner took out some baffle plates, refilled a safety plug and marked off a guard iron. Very fine, clear and mild day, our planes about. Heard Will Hill has been made a 2nd Corporal, very pleased. Our Cpl. of Boilermakers and Uncle Tom been drinking all day, was pay day yesterday, made more work for us as we are short handed. Wrote letter after tea, had a read and in bed 9 p.m.

Thursday 7th February, 1918

Up at 7 a.m. and at work 8 a.m. Cleaned set of tubes and knocked out ferrules before dinner. Rained this morning but very mild. After dinner piled up tubes ready for expanding then slipped over to see Will Hill who got back from leave to England last night, found him O.K. After tea had read and yarn, still rumours of us moving. Turned in 9.30 p.m.

Friday 8th February, 1918

Up at 7 a.m. and at work 8 a.m. Could not get on with my job as tube expanders have been lent to Ouderdom depot and did not arrive back till 4 p.m. Just hung about and had a yarn with Will Hill. Rained fairly heavily but weather still mild. After tea Will Hill and I went to Church Army Hut and had cup of decent tea and a yarn. Watched one of our chaps do some ju-jitsu tricks and turned into bed 9 p.m.

Saturday 9th February, 1918

Up at 7 a.m. and at work 8 a.m. Rolled and expanded all the tubes in Baldwin boiler (83) also four at smoke box end. Rained a little but very mild. Not much work in, rumours of us moving are very persistent. Some think we will go to Palestine. Felt tired after tea so lay down and fell asleep, woke at 8 p.m., had a yarn and made cup of tea and turned in again at 9.30 p.m.

Sunday 10th February, 1918

Up at 7 a.m. and at work 8 a.m., put about 60 ferrules in tubes and took out safety plug, refilled it with lead and put it back again. Finished work at 12.30 noon, got cleaned and Will Hill and I went for walk to Popperinghe. Everything very quiet but enjoyed the walk and was back for tea. After tea wrote letter to Mam and one to Dais. then had a yarn. Been pretty windy today but ground drying. Turned into bed 10 p.m.

Page 241 Monday 11th February, 1918

Up at 7 a.m. and at work 8 a.m. Put in remainer of tube ferrules then marked off and put on two pair of brackets on a pair of Ford tractor wheels, really a fitters job. Kept very busy till 4.30 p.m. We expect to be moving out of here on Thursday morning, no real official word, but believe we are going on the new British front round St. Quentin way. Did some writing and went through my kit ready for packing then turned in at 9 p.m.

Tuesday 12th February, 1918

Up at 7 a.m. and at work 8 a.m., things quiet and lot of talk about our move, lot of the men from up the line come in. Expanded four tubes in smoke box and put up ash pan and baffle plates. After dinner took mud hole caps off an Huntslett Engine ready for washing out. After tea Will Hill and I went to concert in Church Army Hut arranged by some of our company, very good. Had a yarn and in bed 9.30 p.m.

Wednesday 13th February, 1918

Up at 7 a.m., did not go to work at shop today as our Capt. had little business for me to do. Wet day and generally miserable. Got cleaned up and went to Waratah rest station and saw dispenser for our Capt. After dinner sorted out my kit and packed some of it up ready for moving. More of our men came in tonight from up the line, lot of them getting merry. Had bit of a sing-song in our hut and turned in 9 p.m. Raining steadily tonight.

Thursday 14th February, 1918

Up at 7 a.m. and at work 8 a.m. Some of men still drunk from last night. The Sgt. B'maker did not turn up so I went back to my hut about 10 a.m. and read the paper till dinner time. Went to work after dinner and put up steam pipe bonnet smoke box front and a set of fire bars. As nothing else was doing went back to hut and had lie down. Platoons have been arranged ready for move and I am in the armed guard. Nothing definite known yet except that we are moving. After tea did some writing, had a yarn and read and into bed at 9 p.m.

Friday 15th February, 1918

Up at 7 a.m. and at work 8 a.m. Not much doing, put small lamp bracket on an engine. Heavy barrage about 2 a.m. and guns fairly lively all day. Frosty but very clear. After dinner collected up the tools and handed them all in to the store then knocked off and got cleaned. Did some writing tonight, big crowd in our hut so things very upset. Had a yarn and turned in about 9.30 p.m.

Page 242 Saturday 16th February, 1918

Finished work yesterday so did not have to go over to shops this morning. Up at 7.30 a.m., after breakfast got cleaned and did some packing ready in case we move. Frosty and cold but very clear again, a few planes about and guns been going pretty strong all day. The battle front seems to be livening up a bit up this way. Wrote couple of letters this afternoon and then yarned, can't write much, too many in hut. Had read and yarn and in bed 9 p.m.

Sunday 17th February, 1918

Up at 7.30 a.m., frosty but fine. Went to W. Hill's hut to see how he is, has got tonsilitis, gone to doctor. Just had to stand by and await orders. After dinner had a sleep and read till tea time. Received word about 6 p.m. that 50 of our company are to go as advance party on Tuesday to Savy, somewhere on the Arras front. I am among the party along with the Sgt. B'maker. Went over to shops here after dark and pinched some tools with Sgt. Grant. Fritz plane over and dropped bombs some distance away at 7 p.m. Turned in about 9 p.m.

Monday 18th February, 1918

Up at 6.30 a.m. as got surprise orders last night late to move today. After breakfast packed up, took hut down, loaded it on narrow gauge trucks. After dinner transferred it to broad gauge and were put in vans and got away about 3 p.m. Cold day, put stove in our van. Got along very slowly and only got to Hazebrouck after dark, stayed there in siding till about 5 a.m. While in siding Fritz planes over bombing. 21 of us in truck, lay down like sardines and went to sleep about 9 p.m.

Tuesday 19th February, 1918

Slept well till 5 a.m. when train started on move again, jolting horribly, did not get up till 6.30 a.m. as was warm lying down. Arrived Berguette at 6.30 a.m. and got wash on platform. Travelled very slowly again today and was in siding at St. Pol for some time. Eventually got to Savy at 7 p.m. and put in huts in a Tommy Camp, not in our right place, bit of a mix-up. Guns going on this (Arras) front pretty solidly tonight. Turned in about 9.30 p.m.

Wednesday 20th February, 1918

Up at 7.30 a.m., cold and frosty. Could not get a wash, no water in the camp, had breakfast supplied by Tommies, very good bacon. At 9.30 a.m. fell in on parade and went to siding, unloaded huts etc. on to light gauge trucks and took them to our camp site about a mile from here and nearer the village. Had dinner down there McConnachies and tea. Got one hut erected this afternoon and floor of another one down, drizzly rain all afternoon and very muddy. Had tea and bread and jam for tea then knocked off at 6.30 p.m. and went back to huts in camp, in bed 8 p.m.

Page 243 Thursday 21st February, 1918

Up at 7.30 a.m. and went down to our camp site for breakfast. Not so cold this morning, but wet boots keep feet cold. Erecting huts again today, got three finished and other two partially up. Ground dried a good bit today but still muddy. Tucker cooked much better, but not too plentiful. Looks very nice country round here and after we get settled ought to be pretty comfortable. After tea made a temporary bunk for tonight and turned in about 9 p.m.

Friday 22nd February, 1918

Slept in one of our own huts and up at 7.30 a.m. After breakfast finished remainder of huts and started erecting a cook-house, putting down duck boards etc. Windy today but drying and ground much better. Made a good bunk and fixed up my place in hut pretty comfortably. Had a fairly hard days work and after tea had game of bridge and turned in pretty tired about 9 p.m.

Saturday 23rd February, 1918

Had good nights sleep and up 7.30 a.m., breakfast and on fatigue work again. Building a latrine today. Fine day and planes about, an Aust. squadron of flying corps close to us. Tucker much improved today. Received a couple of letters, one from Harold and one from his girl, Peggy. After tea went into township of "Avigny", could not see much as dark, had some eggs and coffee and walked back through village of Savy. In bed 9 p.m.

Sunday 24th February, 1918

Up at 7.30 a.m. and after breakfast started work. Finished building the latrines by dinner time then got cleaned and went out for walk. Went through "Savy" and "Aubigny" and had a look at village of "Agnieres", not much of interest, some Portugese troops here. Had tea, eggs and chips in Aubigny and strolled back to camp. Aubigny is a small French township but as usual very dull. Was going to write this evening but too much hammering and noise so turned in at 9 p.m.

Monday 25th February, 1918

Up at 7.30 a.m., raining but weather mild. Not sent for so spent morning making my bunk better and fixing up shelves etc. for my things. After dinner was called out for some pick and shovel work levelling off some ground and making paths to officers huts. After tea wrote some letters, got chilly this afternoon and strong wind. Getting more settled and comfortable now, had a yarn and turned in about 9 p.m.

Page 244 Tuesday 26th February, 1918

Up at 7.30 a.m. and after breakfast our company took over the system of Light Rly's here. Went down to Loco. yard and got some tools together, started straightening a bent engine frame, put on a guard iron. The yard is about 1 1/2 miles from our huts at present, are having one made nearer. Frosty this morning but very nice later. Our planes very busy. Had letter from Dad, he is marked C.D. to return to Aust. and be discharged. After tea did some writing, had a sing song, two chaps mandolin and violin and into bed 9.30 p.m.

Wednesday 27th February, 1918

Up at 7 a.m. had breakfast and walked down to work by 8.30 a.m. Took off two guard irons and put one on, straightening a bent frame for the rest of day. Very nice and mild day but started raining tonight. Lot of stuff going past here on main line, tanks, guns etc. looks very much like an offensive soon. After tea did some writing, had a read and yarn and turned into bed at 9.30 p.m.

Thursday 28th February, 1918

Up at 7 a.m. and went down to work at 8.30 a.m., built up front of engine this morning and after dinner took down another front and straightened another frame which is broken pretty badly, have not material or tools to patch it. Very frosty this morning, believe fritz planes in this vicinity during night. After tea had a yarn and sing song round stove, pretty cold and frosty, turned in about 9 p.m.

Friday 1st March, 1918

Up at 7 a.m., very frosty and white. Went down to work at 8.30, built up engine front this morning and watched a lot of artillery (light field) being inspected. Developed into a real March day, windy and cold. After dinner took back some tools to store and as nothing more to do went back to hut and had wash and yarn before tea. Very cold tonight and hut draughty so sat round stove talking and singing till 9 p.m. when turned in.

Saturday 2nd March, 1918

Very cold night and up at 7 a.m., bitter cold day, strong freezing wind and light covering of snow. Went down to yard at 8.30 a.m. but no work for us so made brazier and got fire going in a dug-out then sat yarning till dinner time. Did not turn out after dinner as no work to do and a wild blizzard on, cold enough in hut so sat yarning round stove. After tea cleaned up my kit, had a yarn and into bed 9 p.m.

Page 245 Sunday 3rd March, 1918

Up at 7 a.m. and had breakfast, covering of snow but wind not quite so strong, but still keen and very cold. Called out at 9 a.m. to erect a bow hut for officer's mess, very very cold to hands and feet. Worked till dinner time, thaw set in and everywhere very muddy. Got cleaned and changed after dinner and had a read till tea time after which three of us set out to see if we could find a place where a church service was held, found one at C.C.S. Aubigny, then returned home, wrote a letter and in bed 9 p.m.

Monday 4th March, 1918

Up at 7 a.m., very cold wind blowing, raw and bleak. After breakfast went down to yard and brought our tools back to camp, then went back to yard again and unloaded a big hut off a broad gauge truck, got it off shortly after dinner. Got back to camp and cleaned before tea. Went to concert this evening given by the ... squadron Aust. Flying Corps, spent very enjoyable evening. Rained tonight and very cold so turned in about 9 p.m. Received a letter and a bonzer parcel from Dais.

Tuesday 5th March, 1918

Up at 7 a.m., not quite so cold this morning but still bleak, got finer after dinner. Went down to yard after breakfast and fixed up a leaky lead plug and helped to coal some engines that are to be tested. After dinner filled some boilers up ready for firing in the morning, no tools and conveniences very poor. Called for my washing on way back to camp and had cup of coffee. After tea spent evening writing letters, was paid today. Into bed 9.30 p.m.

Wednesday 6th March, 1918

Up at 7 a.m. and after breakfast went down to yard, took out some plugs on top of engine boiler so they can be filled up. Rather nice morning and came out nicer as day went on. This afternoon played my first game of Aust'n. football against flying corp (Aust.) We were beaten easily. After tea wrote letter and some picture post cards of Aubigny to Dais. and in bed 9.30 p.m.

Thursday 7th March, 1918

Up at 7 a.m. and after breakfast went down to yard. Fixed up a leaky plug and then Capt. Duncan sent me on another job loading control huts on trucks. After dinner took some screw jacks etc. to stores, loaded more huts and unloaded them at our camp. Finished work at 5 p.m. and went into Aubigny for walk after taking my washing out. Been nice day but little cloudy. Turned into bed 9.30 p.m.

Page 246 Friday 8th March, 1918

Up at 7 a.m. and after breakfast went down yard and continued loading control huts till dinner time. Very nice day and lot of our planes about. After dinner went down and started unloading six inch Howitzer ramps used for carrying guns on light railway trucks, very heavy work, lot of our chaps getting sick leaving us short-handed. After tea did some writing and turned into bed about 9.30 p.m.

Saturday 9th March, 1918

Up at 7 a.m. and after breakfast went down yard, unloading gun ramps all day, very heavy, and tired tonight. All but one of us (six in all) are transferred men, we seem to be carrying the rest on our backs. Good deal of discontent on account of few of us doing all the work as it is not good enough, and expressions are being freely made. Very fine day, lot of troop trains goind up towards line, also lot of tanks and transport, looks like an offensive. Writing tonight and in bed 9 p.m.

Sunday 10th March, 1918

Up at 7 a.m. Time was put forward one hour at midnight last night. After breakfast went down, unloading more gun ramps till dinner time. Lot more troops and tanks going up line today. Half holiday this afternoon, lovely warm sunny day so took walk by myself to village of "Mingerval" about 2 miles away. Back for tea and found some more of our men arrived from Ypres front, Will Hill among them. After tea Will Hill and I went for walk through Savy to Aubigny, had some eggs and chips and into bed 9.30 p.m.

Monday 11th March, 1918

Up at 7 a.m. and after breakfast went down unloading more gun ramps, finished by dinner time. After dinner working stacking up the ramps on our camp site ready for when required, heavy work and hot as a beautiful day and sun quite hot. Finished by 4 p.m. and had a bath in the open field in petrol tin for bath. After tea went for my washing and then Will Hill, some pals and I went for walk through Aubigny, Savy and home. Wrote letter and into bed 9.30 p.m.

Tuesday 12th March, 1918

Up at 7 a.m. and after breakfast started erecting a Nisson (Bow) Hut, worked all day on it till 5 p.m. and have got good deal of it up. Was frosty this morning but turned out lovely day, sun quite hot. Our planes busy, a chap from this Aerodrome, 2nd Aust. Squadron told us their pilots brought six fritz's down today. Things very quiet with us. After tea wrote to Mam and Dais. then had yarn and turned into bed 10 p.m.

Page 247 Wednesday 13th March, 1918

Up at 7 a.m. and after breakfast went on erecting hut, very nice day again. Finished hut about 4 p.m. and knocked off for day. After tea Will Hill and I went out for walk and had some eggs and chips for supper. While I was out was wanted for a breakdown but gang had to go out without me, an engine badly derailed. Back at camp 9 p.m. and in bed 9.30 p.m.

Thursday 14th March, 1918

Called out at 6.30 a.m. and went down and loaded fifty sleepers in wagon. Back for breakfast at 8.15 a.m. and had to go out with break-down gang at 8.30 a.m. Engine derailed little way past "Ville-Chatel" about 6 miles from depot, nearly on side. Worked hard and got it on by 2.15 p.m., solid work and very hungry, had no tucker with us. Back to camp by 3.15 p.m. and had dinner. Feel tired, not up to real hard days work now, the life tells. Had tea at 5 p.m., lay on my bed all evening resting and turned in 9 p.m.

Friday 15th March, 1918

Up at 7 a.m. and after breakfast went down to yard. Tried to fix up lead plug hole in crown plates, got threads torn off, not successful. After dinner took off badly bent guard iron and bracket, straightened bracket and put it on again. Very nice day, sun shining but not strong. Plane crashed in aerodrome here, engine broke clean away and was about 15 yards from wreckage. Pilot practically unhurt. Had yarn and read and in bed 9 p.m.

Saturday 16th March, 1918

Up 7 a.m. and went down to yard about 9 a.m., took off guard iron and put it on another engine. Very nice day, fritz plane dropped some bombs near here last night, after aerodrome, great concussion. Fell asleep on bunk just after dinner and did not wake up till 2.30 p.m., too late to go down yard. After tea Will Hill, another chap and I went out for walk, went to village of Bethonsart about 2 1/2 miles away, just small cluster of houses and farms, very quiet. Our planes busy tonight. At camp and in bed 9.30 p.m.

Sunday 17th March, 1918

Up at 7 a.m. and after breakfast went down yard, tapped safety plug hole in crown plate this morning. Half holiday this afternoon, so as beautiful day Will Hill, a couple of pals and I went out for walk, went through Savy and walked about 4 1/2 miles to village called Penin, very small place, had look round and tea at farm, had eight eggs each for tea. People mistaking us for Yankees. Back to camp and in bed 9.30 p.m.

Page 248 Monday 18th March, 1918

Harold married today. Up at 7 a.m. and after breakfast down to yard to work straightening an engine frame, a number of which are bent. Glorious day and our planes very busy, a fritz plane up somewhere, could hear anti aircraft gun going but could not see plane. Feel tired tonight, had letter from Mam. After tea did some writing, wrote to Mam, very difficult, some of boys singing and some arguing and jumping about. In bed about 9 p.m.

Tuesday 19th March, 1918

Up at 7 a.m. and after breakfast went down to work. Started raining about 7.30 a.m. and rained fairly heavily all day. Straightening engine frame all day out in rain and got it finished about 4 p.m. pretty well wet through. Went to hut and changed before tea. Feel a bit stiff and tired tonight, think it is from getting wet. Wrote a letter to Dais. then got into bed and had read, went to sleep about 9 p.m., still raining.

Wednesday 20th March, 1918

Up at 7 a.m. and after breakfast went down to work, bolted on front footplate then went brakesman on a P.E. shunting in yard till dinner time. After dinner took off a front footplate and straightened the top corner of a 40 H.P. tractor. Cold and wet this morning, but cleared up this afternoon. After tea Will Hill, some pals and myself went to Aubigny for walk, went to Church Army hut and bought cigarettes. Back at camp and in bed 10 p.m.

Thursday 21st March, 1918

Up at 7 a.m. and at work after breakfast straightening engine frames, fixed up two engines today and put on a guard iron. Nice day today. Guns were going heavily all last night and fritz has got broad gauge Rly. hung up, line blown out I think. Don't feel too brilliant today, wetting I got the other day seems to have got my bones and they ache today, especially my left arm, it aches badly. Guns livened up again this evening. Wrote couple letters, had read and in bed about 9 p.m.

Friday 22nd March, 1918

Up at 7 a.m. and after breakfast went down to work, took down front plate etc. of engine, one side of frame broken through. Went back to camp for some tools that have just arrived, sorting them out till dinner time. Fritz plane over. Getting more tools after dinner, beautiful day, guns very busy, sounds like big stunt. Rumours floated through of British set back and of advance of Fritz of 5 miles on 45 mile front, don't believe it. Went for walk to Mingoval after tea, about 2 miles. Back at camp and in bed 9.30 p.m.

Page 249 Saturday 23rd March, 1918

Up at 7 a.m., took tools down to work and started repairing broken frame, have to do drilling and everything by hand. Glorious warm day. More rumours of fritz advancing 15 miles along front from St. Quentin to near Lens, don't think it is true but some of our chaps very windy. Guns going heavy all the time. After tea took walk with some pals to Bethonsart about 3 1/2 miles. Back at camp 9 p.m. Lot of fritz planes about bombing tonight, also lot of ours. Rumour now has it that instead of Fritz having victory we have taken 25,000 prisoners. Had letter from Dais, in bed 9.30.

Sunday 24th March, 1918

Up at 7 a.m. and after breakfast went to work, drilling an engine frame by hand this morning. Very fine day. Half holiday this afternoon. Will Hill and I with some pals went for walk to Penin, troops on move towards line. Had tea in Penin, six eggs each. Set out for home about 8.30 p.m. Lot of fritz planes about, could hear them very low, dropping bombs over St. Pol way. Lot of rumours about. Home at camp and in bed 10.30 p.m.

Monday 25th March, 1918

Up at 7 a.m. and at work 8.30 a.m. When woke up found some of men had left hut at 1 a.m. as Fritz plane was over then bombing but did not drop any near. Drilling again today all day, colder and cloudy, looks like rain. Rumours of big Hun success but don't believce it. Some of chaps here got wind up. It seems that fritz has made huge atttack and gained some ground at tremendous sacrifice and the huge battle is still raging. Writing tonight, received letter from Dais. and turned in 9.30 p.m.

Tuesday 26th March, 1918

Up at 7 a.m. and went to work at 8.30 a.m., took out safety plug and refilled it, then drilling engine frame till dinner time. Fine day but cold. After dinner straightened guard iron and put it on, finished patching engine frame and re-erected front. Most of engines going out tonight carrying troops. No definite news of Hun offensive but the carnage according to unofficial rumours must be awful. Wrote to Dais. then had yarn and turned in 9 p.m.

Wednesday 27th March, 1918

Up at 7 a.m. and at work 8.30 a.m. About 11 p.m. last night fritz planes were over and dropped number of bombs near here. Seemed to be after Rly. A baby was killed in house about 300 yds from our hut. Very busy this morning on number of small jobs as all engines had to be out running at 12 noon. A bit chilly today, cold

Page 250 wind. Helped Blacksmith to make iron safety plug after dinner and went back to hut for tea at 5 p.m. Wrote letter home this evening and in bed 9 p.m.

Thursday 28th March, 1918

Up at 7 a.m. Fritz did not trouble us with his bombs last night though ours were busy going over. One of our bombing planes came down with engine trouble and was wrecked near here late last night, pilot injured, not seriously. Went to work 8 a.m., tapped safety plug hole and put in new plug. Rather cold and windy after dinner, not much doing, examined some wash-out and safety plugs and back for tea 5 p.m. After tea did little work on a souvenir ash-tray and was called out at 8.30 p.m. for a breakdown, raining heavily and cold.

Friday 29th March, 1918

40 H.P. tractor took us out to breakdown about 6 miles from here on way to "Barline". No. of trains held up. Two trucks and two engines derailed, put them on and stood in siding to see rest over safely. Three more engines came off, put them on and set off back for camp. Got in about 4.30 a.m., had cup of stale tea, a macconnachie and into bed 5 a.m. tired out. Slept till dinner time and got into bed again. Sgt. Grant called for me for job but told him I wasn't getting up. Our tucker very short so went out after tea and had eggs and chips. In bed 9 p.m.

*1 Additional entry at beginning of diary.

Getting little news of German offensive and our retreat. Have full confidence we will lick him though he has gained some territory. Rumours that we may have to get out of here.

Saturday 30th March, 1918

Up at 7 a.m. and at work 8 a.m. Very wet morning, fixed up couple of safety plugs and took off some guard irons that were damaged. All our engines going for all they are worth conveying troops and ammunition, only have time to do temporary repairs. After dinner took a spark arrestor out of Baldwin smokebox while engine shunting, rotten job but necessary. Knocked off about 4.30 p.m. After tea did little work at a souvenir and in bed 9 p.m.

Sunday 31st March, 1918

Slept in till 7.45 a.m. and got to work about 8.45 a.m. Refilled a safety plug and at 9.30 a.m. had to go out to a breakdown near Haystack not far from Mont St. Eloi. Two engines and a truck off track, put them on and back for dinner about 1.30 p.m. Had wash and sleep this afternoon and after tea went for walk to Mingoval. Our tucker very short again lately, 1 loaf to 4 men, teaspoonful of jam for 24 hours and

Page 251 about 1/2 oz. butter (Margarine) now and again, not feeling too full on it. Back at camp and in bed 9 p.m.

Monday 1st April, 1918

Up at 7 a.m. and at work 8 a.m. Took off guard iron bracket, helped Blacksmith to straighten it and put it on again, took out two safety plugs, examined and replaced them. After dinner took wash-out plugs out of 3 engines, washer outs unable to get them out, didn't try too much. Much nicer day today and our planes very busy. Aust. Flying Corps left here. Chaps in hut woke me aboout 4 a.m. this morning making row because fritz plane over, dropped bomb about mile away. Wrote letter to Dais. and in bed 9.30 p.m.

Tuesday 2nd April, 1918

Our planes were very busy during the night but was not troubled by fritz. Up at 7 a.m. and at work 8.30 a.m., took out a spark arrestor and took off three damaged guard irons. After dinner took out and examined a lead plug, replaced it and fixed up a smoke box door that was drawing air. Rather nice day, bit windy and inclined to rain tonight. Wrote some letters tonight, at 9.15 p.m. was paid. Sounds like heavy barrage going over tonight. In bed at 9.30 p.m.

Wednesday 3rd April, 1918

Up at 7 a.m. and went down to work at 8.30 a.m. Sgt. Grant did not turn up, probably drinking, pay day yesterday, fortunately not much doing. Examined some wash out plugs. Did nothing this afternoon and went back to camp at 4.30 p.m. Showery all day, typical April weather. Cleaned and shaved after tea and went for walk to Bethonsart for feed of eggs and chips, our rations are very poor and we are not getting enough to eat. Back at 9 p.m. and in bed 9.30 p.m.

Thursday 4th April, 1918

Was kept awake till 11 p.m. last night as several chaps came home drunk. Up at 7 a.m. and at work 8.30, showery again today. Fixed up two smoke box doors that were drawing air and put in some new fire bars. Sgt. Grant down for about an hour, did not come at all after dinner. Nothing doing after dinner, just examined another smoke box door, our engines running ammunition up. Had half a loaf issued today. After tea settled down and wrote letters till 9 p.m. and in bed 9.30 p.m.

Friday 5th April, 1918

Up at 7 a.m. and at work 8.30 a.m., inclined to rain again today. Not much doing this morning so returned to hut at 11 a.m. After dinner took out a spark arrestor from Cooke engine, dirty job and took me some time. After tea got shaved and cleaned

Page 252 and W. Hill and I went for walk at 6.30 p.m. to Bethonsart and had good feed of eggs and chips, 4 eggs and two plates chips each. Returned to camp at 9 p.m. and in bed 9.30 p.m.

Saturday 6th April, 1918

Up at 7 a.m. and at work 8.30 a.m., looks like nice day. Fixed up two sets of fire bars and put in spark arrestor on Cooke engine. Lot of Yankee railway workers arrived here today and camped close to station, about 2,000 I believe. Our planes very busy this morning but came over cloudy after dinner. Not much doing this afternoon so helped the petrol electric fitters who are busy. Wrote a letter after tea and had yarn and read and in bed at 9 p.m.

Sunday 7th April, 1918

Up at 7 a.m. and at work 8 a.m., not much doing down yard. Took out safety plug, examined and replaced it. Fixing up an air blower for straightening frames till dinner time. Half holiday, rained pretty hard so did not go out. Guns going pretty hard today. Just after tea order came out for all engines and tractors to be brought from yard to our camp here at once, various rumours about it. Understand this is now rail head for this sector. Had read and in bed 9 p.m.

Monday 8th April, 1918

Up at 7 a.m. and went down to yard at 8.30 a.m. and brought tools back. Raining again today, everywhere muddy. Not much doing for us. Fell asleep at dinner time and did not wake up till 3 p.m., no work to do so stayed in hut out of sight of officers. Fritz planes over about 2 a.m. this morning but did not hear them, slept too well. Rather cold this evening and a damp mist. Read for a couple of hours after tea, expect to move into another hut tomorrow. Turned into bed 9 p.m.

Tuesday 9th April, 1918

Up at 7 a.m. and at work 8 a.m., changed set of fire bars and finished fixing up blower before dinner. This afternoon had to transfer into new hut 60 ft. long in a more sheltered place, 42 of us in it. Took lot of moving as have accumulated lot of gear. Got moved, put some shelves up and almost fixed before tea, after tea wrote to Dais. and Mam and turned in about 9 p.m.

Wednesday 10th April, 1918

Up at 6.30 a.m. and at work 8 a.m., have to fix up some leaky tubes. Got engine on pit and took down brake gear and fire hole casting. After dinner took down ashpan, Sgt. Grant and I working together. Was very nice first thing this morning but turned

Page 253 out drizzly and dull, still our planes fairly busy. Had shave and cleaned after tea and went in to Church Army hut Aubigny for cigarettes. Back and in bed 8.30 p.m.

Thursday 11th April, 1918

Up at 7 a.m. and at work 8.30 a.m. Started beading tubes, drove in ferrules first and then on instructions hammered tubes over. Turned out very fine after dinner and our planes were very busy. Guns sound to be very lively all along front. After tea went for a walk to Bethonsart and had feed of eggs as our tucker is not too plentiful. Back at camp and in bed at 9.30 p.m.

Friday 12th April, 1918

Up at 6.30 a.m. and at work 8.30 a.m., very fine day. Finished tubes this morning and after dinner put ashpan up and fire bars in. Put set of fire bars in another engine before 5 p.m. Our planes about in very great numbers today, also one or two fritz were over but very high up. Various rumours afloat again today. Haven't had a meal today, just had a mouthful at each meal. Wrote letters tonight and in bed 9 p.m.

Saturday 13th April, 1918

Up at 7 a.m. Fritz was hovering about a lot last night but did not hear any bombs dropped. At work 8 a.m., Sgt. Grant sick today. Went down to yard for an engine with bent frame and got everything ready for getting it hot and straightening it by 3 p.m. Had a shave and shower bath, bath only fixed up today from an injector. Went for walk at 5 p.m. and walked to Penin, had six eggs for tea with bread. Back at camp and in bed at 9.30 p.m.

Sunday 14th April, 1918

Up at 6.30 a.m. and at work 8 a.m. Sgt. Grant at work again today. Blowing a hurricane and very cold, sky very heavy with clouds. Got engine frame hot and straightened it by 11.30 a.m. Half holiday today, too stormy to go out so got cleaned and changed and sat by stove reading and talking till tea time. After tea had yarn and read again and kept stove going, awfully draughty in hut. Turned into bed 9 p.m.

Monday 15th April, 1918

Up at 7 a.m. and at work 8 a.m., wind still blowing violently. Hammered up a couple of stays in firebox and then started to straighten a broken frame. Got good heat on but frame broke clean off, was cracked so badly. Cut couple of patches and marked them off for drilling. Wind eased a little but still strong and cold. After tea had a read and yarn and turned into bed 9 p.m.

Page 254 Tuesday 16th April, 1918

Guns going solidly all day. Up at 7 a.m. and at work 8 a.m., put fire on other side of frame which is only bent and straightened it before dinner. After dinner started drilling frame for patch by hand, got two holes through before tea. Rumours of British and French success. Twenty-one of our men going to "Rouen" tomorrow for some work or other. Twenty reinforcements arrived today. At tea time received seven letters, 2 from Dais., 1 from Mam. Wrote a letter to Dais. tonight and in bed 9 p.m.

Wednesday 17th April, 1918

Up at 7 a.m. and at work 8 a.m. Took out, refilled and replaced a safety plug, then drilling frame and fixing patches up for it all day. Capt. Duncan and 21 N.C.O.s and men left this afternoon for Rouen. Weather clearing a bit today, were paid this afternoon. Sound of very heavy gun fire all day a little to the south of us, few of our planes about. After tea was writing letters till bed time when I turned in at 10 p.m. Had letter from Harry today.

Thursday 18th April, 1918

Up at 7 a.m. Disturbed last night, number of men came home drunk, had been fighting with Tommies, some wanted to go back with revolvers, mad drunk. At work 8 a.m., very cold morning, strong wind. Did not do much as have no mate and Sgt. Grant stayed in bed, he is sick after being horribly drunk last night. Drilled a hole in a patch and partly made a fasten for my kit bag. After tea wrote some letters, but very cold and draughty, making it rotten writing. Turned into bed at 9.30 p.m.

Friday 19th April, 1918

Bitter cold night, got up at 7 a.m. and at work 8 a.m. Snow and hail falling at intervals, melted as it fell with short breaks of sunshine but bitter strong wind. Finished drilling frame before dinner and filled lead safety plug. After dinner re- erected front part of engine drag plate buffer beam etc. Wind died down a little tonight. After tea wrote letters till 9 p.m. when turned into bed.

Saturday 20th April, 1918

Up at 7 a.m., sharp frost, ground white over. At work 8 a.m. Came out very nice day. Fixed up a smoke box door and a fire hole door, then did small job on a tractor before dinner. This afternoon took out set of broken fire bars while engine under steam and put new set in. All engines not in use being sent away on a/c of enemy's activities. Went for my washing at 4 p.m., had a hot shower bath. After tea had a loafing evening talking in hut, had read and in bed at 9 p.m.

Page 255 Sunday 21st April, 1918

Up at 7 a.m. very frosty again, at work 8 a.m. Turned out very fine day and pretty clear, our planes very busy. Very little work this morning so finished making a fasten to lock up my kit bag. Half holiday this afternoon, Will Hill and I went for a walk round Bethonsart, Mingoval and home for tea. After tea Will and I went for short walk and had supper, eggs and chips at 8 p.m. Back at camp and in bed 9 p.m. Lot of chaps here very windy, afraid fritz will break through. Got no heart.

Monday 22nd April, 1918

Up at 7 a.m. and at work 8 a.m., nice morning. Few R.E.s around last night, advance party to take over depot from us. Took off damaged step and stanchion, fixed them up and replaced them. Took my washing out. Rumours we are leaving here in few days. After dinner took off damaged guard iron and put good one on, then lay down in hut. Went for walk with W. Hill after tea and had feed, eggs and chips. Back and in bed at 9 p.m. Guns going solidly tonight.

Tuesday 23rd April, 1918

Up at 7 a.m. and at work 8 a.m., very nice day, no work for me today. Don't know exactly what is doing, expect move very soon. Helped Blacksmith to make some tools to pass time away. Our planes very busy. After dinner looked round to see no job in, then went back to hut and had lie down till tea time. After tea wrote letters to Dais. and Mam, read the newspaper which a chap had managed to get, then had a yarn and in bed 9.30 p.m. Guns going heavily again tonight.

Wednesday 24th April, 1918

Up at 7 a.m., very damp fog and rather miserable morning. Went down to work at 8 a.m., nothing doing so helped the blacksmiths again. We were paid again this morning. After dinner had read and lie down, then went for my washing. Seven R.E.s badly wounded by accidental explosion of an old fritz bomb. After tea wrote a letter and had a read, feel a bit off colour. Heavy rain and thunder storm started at 8.30. Turned into bed 9 p.m.

Thursday 25th April, 1918

Anzac Day, three years today since the memorable landing on the Gallipoli Peninsula. Up at 7 a.m., went down to work but nothing doing. Overhauled my kit, parcelled up some souvenirs and gave it in to be posted home. Had a read and sleep this afternoon, got extra rations to celebrate the day. Wrote a letter after tea. A lot of our men drunk last night, an estaminet smashed up and wild doings, have to get leave to go out of camp now. More men beastly drunk today, believe there will be trouble, into bed at 9 p.m.

Page 256 *2 Additional entry at beginning of diary

The two men directly concerned in smashing windows etc. at estaminet got off with reprimand, one has been cautioned before more than once. It is the way of things, had it been a steady man who made a single slip he'd have been clinked.

Friday 26th April, 1918

Up at 7 a.m., nothing doing again today, just have to stand by in case am wanted. Our chaps are making things very bad round here through playing up. Some bicycles stolen by some of our men today from Cyclist Battalion, bikes were found in our camp making things bad for us. Got cleaned up before tea and Will Hill and I went into Aubigny for a paper and had some eggs and chips. Back at camp 8.30 and in bed 9 p.m.

Saturday 27th April, 1918

Up at 7 a.m., nothing doing again today. Don't know when we are moving, am tired of hanging about, can't go out till after tea in case am wanted. Rather dull day, got full account of landing by Navy at Ostend and Zeebruge. Glorious affair and will buck the boys here up a lot. They say the navy's splendid and are quite excited. After tea Bob Sargeant and I went to Aubigny for paper, called at Y.M.C.A., back at 8 p.m., had read and in bed 9 p.m.

Sunday 28th April, 1918

Up at 7 a.m. and after breakfast had look round but nothing doing so at 10.30 a.m. went back to hut and got shaved and cleaned. After dinner went for walk round Savy and Aubigny, bought paper and back for tea. Lot of our men leaving on Tuesday, believe I have to remain behind attached to R.E.s. Received letter from Harry, quite well. Heavy bombardment going on on this front this afternoon and tonight Will Hill and I went to a quiet house, had eggs and chips and in bed 9.30 p.m.

Monday 29th April, 1918

Up at 7 a.m. and at work 8 a.m. Took spark arrester out of Cooke engine, took me about an hour. List of men up who are leaving tomorrow, am not among them. Received four letters just after dinner, one from Dais. and one from home. Nothing doing this afternoon so lay down, have not felt quite in the pink this last few days. After tea went out for paper, back and in bed at 9 p.m. Rained very heavily tonight, seems thundery so close.

Page 257 Tuesday 30th April, 1918

Up at 7 a.m. and at work 8 a.m. Refilled a safety plug and put in new set of fire bars this morning, wet and miserable day. Most of our Co'y left here this afternoon, think they are going near Etaples, don't know when we will follow. Took over a chap's dugout after he left, was busy all afternoon cleaning it and making it comfortable. Much better than in hut, quieter and more private. After tea wrote letter to Dais. B. Sargeant cooked some eggs and chips for supper and in bed 9.30 p.m.

Wednesday 1st May, 1918

Up at 7 a.m. and at work 8 a.m. Changed set of fire bars from one engine to another, took down bonnet and baffle plates out of a smoke box and examined tubes before dinner. Nothing doing after dinner so went to my dug-out and wrote couple of letters. At 4 p.m. got shaved and cleaned and after tea W. Hill and I went for stroll, back at 8 p.m. and Bob Sergeant and I cooked some eggs and chips for supper. One of our chaps got run in last night. Turned in 9.30 p.m.

Thursday 2nd May, 1918

Up at 7 a.m. and after breakfast at work refilled a lead plug and had fire bars put in another engine. Really not much work but they seem to take me as the charge hand. After dinner put in baffle plates and bonnet and put on smoke box front. Very nice day and our planes busy. Been getting real good tucker this last two days, hope it continues. After tea W. Hill, two pals and myself went to Aubigny for walk to buy a paper and cigarettes. Back at camp 8.15 p.m., had read, fritz planes over 9 p.m., no bombs, in bed 9.30 p.m.

Friday 3rd May, 1918

Up at 7 a.m. and had breakfast, had look round but no work in for me so went back to dug-out and overhauled my kit in case have to move any time soon. Nothing doing again after dinner so lay down, had a read and sleep. Nice day again, things seem to have quietened again up the line. After tea wrote some letters, had a yarn and read and in bed at 9 p.m. Our planes were busy again today being fine.

Saturday 4th May, 1918

Up at 7 a.m., rather damp morning but cleared up and came out very nice day. At work 8.30 a.m., refilled a lead plug and fixed up some wash out plugs. Nothing doing after dinner so had a nap. After tea went up to a shooting range near here and had some rifle and revolver practice, am a fair good shot. Called for my washing and back at camp at 8.30 p.m., our guns going heavily.

Page 258 Sunday 5th May, 1918

Up at 7 a.m., wet morning and rained off and on all day. Trying to get some wash out plugs out this morning, have no tools to work with so makes things difficult. Had half holiday today, got shaved and cleaned and had a nap before tea. Am getting tired of things here, want to be doing something worth doing. After tea went out with W. Hill for his washing and had some eggs and chips, back at camp and in bed 9.30 p.m.

Monday 6th May, 1918

Up at 7 a.m. and at work 8 a.m. Took out and refilled couple of safety plugs and examined couple of engines. Wet again this morning, but cleared up about 4 p.m. and came out nice. Nothing doing this afternoon so had a read. Of course have to be ready in case job comes in. Most of our men were to leave here tomorrow, only two of us stay behind, but orders have been cancelled, don't know what is doing. Wrote to Dais. tonight and in bed 10 p.m. Guns going very heavy about 10.30 p.m.

Tuesday 7th May, 1918

Up at 7 a.m. and went to work 8 a.m., raining pretty sharp, no work in this morning so returned to dug-out and read. No work again after dinner so had bath in a tin and wrote letter home, was paid also this afternoon. Cleaned up about 5 p.m., one of our planes nose-dived close by and crashed, pilot killed. Went for walk after tea with W. Hill, a Scotty told us our chaps had hopped over on this front early this morning, hope they had a success. Back at camp, had yarn and in bed 9.30 p.m.

Wednesday 8th May, 1918

Up at 7 a.m., very nice morning and came out lovely day. Very little doing in way of work, renewed a set of fire bars before dinner. Very heavy gun fire last night and early this morning, believe fritz is expected to attack on this front. Nothing doing this afternoon so lay down and read a magazine. After tea took my washing out and had cup of coffee, returned to camp, wrote a letter and in bed at 9.30 p.m. The night is clear but not much moon, wonder if fritz will be over.

Thursday 9th May, 1918

Up at 7 a.m. and at work 8 a.m., renewed a set of fire bars, nothing else doing as all engines are working. Very fine day again. Nothing doing after dinner so wrote couple of letters and got cleaned before tea. Planes busy today and guns going fairly heavy at intervals till 8 p.m. when were pounding away in great style. Our chaps expect to move from here Monday, two of us B'makers to stay behind. Went out for eggs and chips this evening and in bed 9.30 p.m.

Page 259 Friday 10th May, 1918

Up at 7 a.m., rather dull this morning. At work 8 a.m. but very little doing. A B'maker has arrived for the 20th R.E. Co'y. The guns going in spasms this morning. Sun came out after dinner, but cool wind blowing. Had a nap then got cleaned. After tea Bob Sergeant and I took a walk to Aubigny Church Army hut for some cigarettes. Bought some postcards and back at camp at 7 p.m. Wrote postcards (10 of them) and sent them to Dais., had a read and in bed 9.30 p.m. Rather cold tonight.

Saturday 11th May, 1918

Up at 7 a.m. and had breakfast. Did not go to work as don't know if moving tomorrow or not, had a read and yarn. After dinner went to Lieut. Foster to see if I was to stay here, said I would be going with the others tomorrow. Had shave and clean up and after tea went out for walk and had some eggs and chips. Guns going pretty constantly this evening, weather very close and sultry. Saw several trains of troops going up line. In bed 9.30 p.m.

Sunday 12th May, 1918

Up at 7 a.m., had breakfast and packed up my kit as expect to move today, not sure till 11 a.m. if I was to be left behind or not. After dinner had a parade and roll call and at 3.30 p.m. went to Savy station. Train left with us at 5.15 p.m. and we arrived at Beaurainville about 8 p.m., detrained and put in huts. Busy getting our kits and beds to camp and getting fixed up for night, was late when we finished and was 11 p.m. before got to bed.

Monday 13th May, 1918

Reveille 6.30 a.m. and paraded for breakfast at 7 a.m., little burnt porridge. Marched back to camp and had to fall in on parade again at once when were marched off to work unloading broad gauge trucks. Rained all day and pretty miserable. Had to work dinner hour and no dinner was kept for us (10), went to Capt. and ordered cooks to cook steak for us so had good dinner. Fatigue work this afternoon carting huts about and loose timber. After tea made things comfortable in hut and in bed 9 p.m.

Tuesday 14th May, 1918

Reveille 6.30 a.m. and breakfast 7 a.m. On parade 7.45 a.m. and marched to Rly. siding. Laid big floor of sleepers and unloaded six wagons of coal, marched back to camp 12 noon. On parade again 1.30 p.m. and dismissed. Tea at 4.30 p.m., on parade 5 p.m. and marched to train, unloaded seven wagons, rails, girders, pipes and timber. Finished 8 p.m., got washed and went out for some eggs and chips. Nicer day today and wrote couple of letters this afternoon. Back at camp and in bed 9.30.

Page 260 Wednesday 15th May, 1918

Up at 6.30 a.m. and had breakfast 7 a.m. On parade 8 a.m., ordered to stand by and then dismissed to huts. Not called out all morning. After dinner wrote letter to Dais. Very hot day, had tea at 4.30 p.m. and on parade 5.30 p.m., marched off to unload trucks, waited till 8.30 p.m. and trucks did not arrive so went back to camp and dismissed. It is reported we are to go through a musketry and machine gun course and be armed accordingly. Had a wash and yarn and into bed 9.30 p.m. Several train load of Yankees gone up towards line today.

Thursday 16th May, 1918

Up at 6.30 a.m. had breakfast and on parade 7.45 a.m. Marched to work, busy all morning carrying heavy timber, 20 men to each baulk. Knocked off at 11.45 and marched back for dinner. Paraded and marched to work again 1.30 p.m., train in the way so could not do anything. Loafed about till 4 p.m. then had dip in river close by, very hot day. Back to camp 5 p.m. Will Hill sent away to hospital sick. Great number trains of French soldiers going up line. In bed 9.30 p.m.

Friday 17th May, 1918

Up at 6.30 a.m. breakfast 7 a.m. and on parade 7.45 a.m., some fatigues detailed off then rest of us dismissed with orders to stand to for work at any minute. Had my hair cut by a pal and had a read. Nothing doing after dinner, very hot day again. French and Yankee troop trains going up line all day. Ordered at 5 p.m. to be ready for parade 5.30 p.m. but train did not come in so took my washing out and watched an R.E. fishing in river for trout. Back in camp 8 p.m. and in bed 9 p.m.

Saturday 18th May, 1918

Up at 6.15 a.m. and breakfast at 7 a.m. On parade 7.45 a.m., general fatigues told off and rest of us dismissed to stand by. Very hot day again, huts very close indeed. Tea at 4.30 p.m. as train came in to be unloaded. Paraded at 6 p.m. and marched to work, unloaded fourteen wagons of sleepers and four of light gauge rails. Worked hard and knocked off at 10 p.m. as got dark. Had some bread and bully beef and in bed 11 p.m. Fritz dropped some bombs near here about midnight.

Sunday 19th May, 1918

Up at 6.15 a.m. and after breakfast on parade 7.45 a.m., marched to work and unloaded remainder of train by 11 a.m. Very hot day again. Remainder of our company arrived this morning. After dinner Bob Sgt. and I went for walk along river bank, lovely country and plenty of trout fishing. Back for tea then went for walk again along river, really beautiful, fine hills all round us, enjoyed the walk very much. Back at camp and in bed 9 p.m.

Page 261 Monday 20th May, 1918

Have a bugler now, getting military. Up at 6.30 a.m. and on parade 7.45 a.m., detached into various parties and marched to work, carrying heavy girders till dinner time. Dinner 12 noon and on parade again 1 p.m., went back to same job but marched back to camp at 2.30 p.m. for pay. Did not go back to work again till 6 p.m. when paraded and unloaded a train of pig iron, rails and other heavy stuff. Finished 9 p.m., marched back to camp and in bed 10 p.m.

Tuesday 21st May, 1918

Up at 6.30 a.m. and on parade 7.45 a.m., detaileld off into parties, our party to go on at 3 p.m. so went out for walk to Compagne village about 1 1/2 miles away. Very hot day, country lovely. Back for dinner. On parade 2.45 p.m. and marched to work, pick and shovel digging out and grading for light railway track. Tea 5 p.m. to 6 p.m. then back to work till 9.30 p.m. Worked hard and cut lot of ground out, marched back and in bed 10.30 p.m., not a drink of tea even. Very hot day.

Wednesday 22nd May, 1918

Reveille 6.30 a.m. and on parade 7.45 a.m., roll called and marched off to work, moving heavy girders all morning till 12.15 noon. On parade again 1 p.m. and marched to work again, unloading wagons and a 2 H.P. tractor this afternoon off the broad gauge trucks. Worked hard till 5.15 p.m. when had tea and on parade again 6 p.m. and marched to work unloading more wagons till 9 p.m. when knocked off and turned in without anything to eat or even a drink of tea. Getting very strict now. Into bed 10 p.m. Very hot day.

Thursday 23rd May, 1918

Fritz was over bombing again late last night, did not drop any near us. Reveille 6.30 a.m., on parade 7.45 a.m. and to work. Unloaded off broad gauge a 40 H.P. tractor, then loading sleepers on narrow gauge wagons. After dinner loaded more sleepers, then carried them from wagons also rails and put them down for new track we are laying. Heavy work as O.C. is trying to make a record and is chasing us up, one of our chaps fined 7 days pay for being late on parade. Knocked off 5 p.m., wrote to Dais. and in bed 9 p.m. Cooler today, wind strong tonight.

Friday 24th May, 1918

Up at 6.30 a.m. and on parade 7.45 a.m. and out to work. Raining and blowing hard, loading sleepers, fish plates, chairs, spikes, bolts etc. for plate laying gang till dinner time. After dinner loading sleepers and rails and carrying them to track ready for laying, pretty heavy work to keep up constantly. Knocked off at 4 p.m. thoroughly wet through. Lot of discontent existing as O.C. is rushing things too hard without a

Page 262 thought for the men. Lot of open grumbling going on. Into bed 9 p.m. Wrote letter to Will Hill this evening at 24th Gen. Hosp.

Saturday 25th May, 1918

Up at 6.30 a.m. and on parade 7.45 a.m. Was dismissed, cleaned my kit and had game of bridge before dinner. On parade again 1 p.m. and marched to work carrying rails and sleepers for light Rly. track, heavy work and not too much tucker. Complained about food but no satisfaction. Knocked off at 4.30 p.m., got cleaned and after tea went for my washing then for walk to Compeigne, very nice village and lovely country. Back and in bed at 9.30 p.m.

Sunday 26th May, 1918

Reveille 6.30 a.m. and breakfast 7 a.m. Holiday today on a/c of heavy work we are engaged on. Took my washing out about 10 a.m. and went for walk along river before dinner. This afternoon four of us went for walk in the country, went through "Compagne" and had good walk, bought some nice lettuce, 2d. per bunch, had some eggs and chips for tea and walked home by 7 p.m., had a very nice day. Could hear guns rumbling in distance. Turned into bed tired out at 9 p.m.

Monday 27th May, 1918

Reveille 6.30 a.m. and after breakfast at 7 a.m. paraded and marched to work by 8 a.m. Carrying rails, sleepers and laying them down all day till 4.45 p.m. with an hour for dinner. Heavy work. Very nice day again and not too hot. Rumours afloat today that fritz has recommenced his offensive, nothing definite and no details. One of our chaps got 7 days 2nd F.P. for writing a letter home about the tucker and criticizing the officers. Did some writing after tea and turned in at 9 p.m. Have got bit of cold from being wet through few days ago.

Tuesday 28th May, 1918

Reveille 6.30 a.m. and on parade 7.45 a.m., roll call and marched to work, putting narrow gauge trucks together and putting them on track with steam crane, put twelve on this morning. After dinner put remaining one on and then knocked off. Very nice day again but am feeling bit rotten as have heavy cold, think from getting wet through a few days ago. Received two letters from Mam and one from Dais. After tea started answering them but head ached badly so knocked off and in bed 8 p.m.

Wednesday 29th May, 1918

Up at 6.30 a.m. and on parade 7.45 a.m., roll call and marched to work. My cold bit better today. Not much doing, was sitting in a crop nearly all day till 3 p.m. when knocked off. Got cleaned and ready for dinner and concert in celebration of 1st

Page 263 anniversary of this unit's landing in France. Dinner at 6 p.m. and concert 7.30 p.m. Both went off very well, closed up at 10.30 p.m. More men sick today, had look round them and turned in 12 p.m.

Thursday 30th May, 1918

Called up at 1.45 a.m. and kept an eye on sick chaps till 4.45 a.m. when called another chap and turned in till 6.30 a.m. when up again and got patients, about 30, some breakfast. Had my own breakfast later and turned in for nap but could not sleep. Very fine day again, hot this afternoon. Had a read and did some writing. Don't feel too good again today but not too bad. More men fallen sick, some gone to hospital. It is getting serious. After tea had walk along river and turned in 9 p.m.

Friday 31st May, 1918

Called up at 1.45 a.m. and kept watch on the sick chaps till 5.30 a.m., about 60 of them now, called another chap at 5.30 a.m. and I turned in for a nap till 7 a.m. when got up for breakfast. Fritz planes about at 2 a.m. but not near us, could hear them. Tried to get a sleep after breakfast but too many interruptions. A doctor came to see me about some drugs at 11 a.m., was very nice and he noticed I was not quite up to the mark. Lay reading after dinner. Fritz started offensive again. Wrote letter after tea and in bed at 8.30 p.m.

Saturday 1st June, 1918

Was not called out last night, but did not sleep too well as was expecting a call all time. Fritz planes were about for over two hours hovering about, dropped bombs some distance away. Up at 5 a.m. got hot water for sick chaps to have a wash then had my breakfast. Lay down after breakfast again as feel a bit worn out, feeling bit better of myself. Hot day, after dinner went out for walk and got my washing. Back for tea, had yarn, read paper and in bed 9 p.m.

Sunday 2nd June, 1918

Up at 5 a.m., got some hot water for sick chaps to have a wash. Had shave and clean up before breakfast. After breakfast made out full list of men sick with treatment etc. also wrote out an indent for some drugs. Very hot day again. Fritz planes over again last night. Had a nap this afternoon, seem to be getting done up and tired. After tea went for walk by myself to river and watched chaps fishing. Back and camp and in bed 9 p.m.

Monday 3rd June, 1918

Up at 5 a.m. and got hot water for sick chaps to have a wash then had breakfast at 7 a.m. After breakfast not much doing so took my washing out. After dinner gave

Page 264 medicines out to sick chaps then borrowed a bike and went about eighteen miles to 2 Y.M.C.A.s to buy a writing pad as am out of paper, could not get one. Very hot and dusty riding. Back for tea and after tea raked up a field service book and wrote a letter home and one to Dais. In bed at 9 p.m.

Tuesday 4th June, 1918

Up at 5 a.m. and got some hot water for sick chaps, had a cup of tea off cooks. Breakfast at 7 a.m., had nothing to do this morning but had to keep out of the way till inspection of huts was over at 11 a.m. After dinner had read and a sleep. Tea at 5 p.m. then wrote a letter and at 7.30 p.m. went out and had some eggs and chips and a bottle of cider (home made). Back at camp and in bed 9 p.m. Very nice day. Rumours of an Anglo-French success.

Wednesday 5th June, 1918

Up at 5.30 a.m., got some hot water for sick then had breakfast. Went round with doctor after breakfast. 48 men on sick roll, lot malingering but doctor smelling them out as they are making it too hot. Arranged for tucker for those really sick. After dinner gave out medicines, rubbed a few with bad backs and drew their tucker. Took half doz. temperatures after tea. Had leter from W. Hill from Eng. Wrote back to him and in bed at 9 p.m.

Thursday 6th June, 1918

Up at 5.30 a.m., got hot water ready, had breakfast, took some temperatures and gave out medicines. Went round with doctor at 11 a.m. Only about 25 sick today, a number put on light duties. After dinner gave out medicines again and arranged for light tea. Our chaps started trenching our camp today, orders from Hdqrtrs in case of plane raids, making real good trenches. Had walk along river and some eggs and chips after tea and in bed 9 p.m.

Friday 7th June, 1918

Up at 5.30 a.m., got hot water ready and after breakfast took temperatures and gave out medicines. Went round with doctor at 11 a.m., most of sick better, only about 10 now. Have had about 160 altogether, very few have escaped in the camp. Arranged for light tucker and gave out medicines after dinner. Our chaps made fine job of trench for cover for us during air raids. Wrote letter this afternoon and couple more after tea. Orders for all of us to be supplied with rifles etc. Turned into bed at 9 p.m.

Saturday 8th June, 1918

Up at 6.30 a.m. and had breakfast 7 a.m. then took medicines round. Most of sick almost well again. Very nice day with cool breeze. Went round with doctor at 11

Page 265 a.m., not necessary for him to come again so sick parades will go as usual. Had various calls for medicine from chaps during day, mostly laxatives. Received parcel from Cousin Mirrie, some cake, tea and lollies. Had a yarn and read after tea and turned into bed at 9 p.m.

Sunday 9th June, 1918

Reveille at 6.30 a.m. and breakfast 7 a.m. Day off today so nothing doing. Was nice this morning but threatened later to rain and eventually had couple of sharp showers, they just laid the dust nicely. Wrote some letters and cleaned up my things. After tea started out for a walk but had to return as started raining pretty hard. Spent evening reading and yarning and turned in at 9 p.m.

Monday 10th June, 1918

Reveille 6.30 a.m. and breakfast 7 a.m. Nothing doing for me this morning, am having a rather easy time just now. Washed and cleaned my leggings before dinner. Received fine parcel from Aunt Edith. After dinner took out my washing then fixed up a chap's leg, cut and badly bruised through sleeper falling on it. Our chaps had to go to work again after tea, fixed up three of them with cut hands, wrote a letter and into bed 9 p.m., fine day again.

Tuesday 11th June, 1918

Reveille at 6.30 a.m., breakfast at 7 a.m. and on parade 7.45 a.m., roll call and dismissed. Went over to doctors for some gauze and iodine, nothing else doing till about 4 p.m. except parade and roll call at 12.45. About 4 p.m. a chap was knocked over while unloading wagons and got nasty cut just over the eye. Cleaned and dressed it for him. After tea wrote couple of letters to Mam and Dais., had hand at bridge and in bed at 9 p.m.

Wednesday 12th June, 1918

Up at 6.30 a.m. and after breakfast on parade at 7.45, roll call and dismissed to duties. Had nothing to do today but re-dress chap's head, but can not leave camp. Took my new tunic over to an old lady's to have sleeves shortened and colours sewn on. Wrote some letters. On parade again at 12.45 noon, roll call and dismissed. Had game of bridge after tea and in bed at 9 p.m.

Thursday 13th June, 1918

Reveille went at 6 a.m. for some of our boys who are going to "Hesdin" a town about 8 miles away to lay in a light Rly. spur from main broad gauge line to hospital. Rest of us on parade at 7.45 a.m., roll call, orders and dismissed. Dressed chap's head again and gave out various tablets (drugs). Had sleep after dinner. After tea went to

Page 266 concert in a field given by some Canadians, very good indeed. At camp and in bed 9.30.

Friday 14th June, 1918

Reveille 6.30 a.m., breakfast and on parade 7.45 a.m., roll call and dismissed. Nothing doing today except gave out few tablets. One of our chaps named Logan was court-martialled yesterday for cowardice under fire, got off. On parade again at 12.45 a.m., roll call and dismissed. Had lie down and read this afternoon. Am having a very easy time just now, but feel I need it so am saying nothing. After tea had game of bridge and in bed 9 p.m.

Saturday 15th June, 1918

Reveille at 6 a.m. and breakfast 6.30 a.m., some of our men on parade at 7 a.m., rest of us at 7.45 a.m. Roll call, orders and dismissed to duty. Gave out a few tablets and kept out of sight of the officers. On parade again 12.45 noon, roll call and dismissed. Had lie down and read this afternoon. Just sat down to tea at 5 p.m. and had to rush away, one of our chaps fell off train coming from "Hesdin", severely lacerated lip and extensively bruised down left side, fixed him up then took him on motor lorry to hospital near "Montreul", back at 7 p.m., had tea and in bed at 9 p.m.

Sunday 16th June, 1918

Reveille 6.30 a.m. and breakfast 7 a.m. Got shaved and cleaned as have to go to hospital to make some arrangements about chap injured yesterday. Waited till 2 p.m. before car was ready, after seeing chap went on to Montreul but could not get in town as did not have a pass. Back for tea, then went for walk to village of "Maresqueil" about 2 1/2 miles, walked back along river bank. Have bad headache tonight, tied up cut hands for couple of chaps and in bed 9 p.m.

Monday 17th June, 1918

Eight years today since our family sailed from England for Australia. Reveille 6.30 a.m. and on parade 7.45 a.m., roll call and dismissed to duty. Very little to do again today, just kept out of way and fixed up one or two chaps who are bit off colour. After dinner took my washing out and had a sleep. We are having very fine weather lately, but seemed inclined to be stormy today, but passed over, hope fritz got it instead. After tea did some writing, had a read and in bed at 9 p.m.

Tuesday 18th June, 1918

Reveille 6.30 a.m. and on parade 7.45 a.m., roll call, orders and dismissed to duty. Had about half a doz. chaps whis morning with cut hands to fix up. On parade again 12.45 a.m., roll call and dismissed again, wrote a letter and had a sleep. Very nice

Page 267 day again. After tea went for walk to Maresquel and bought a writing pad, very lucky. Walked back along the river and watched the trout rising. Back at 8 p.m. and in bed 9 p.m.

Wednesday 19th June, 1918

Reveille at 6.30 a.m., on parade 7.45 a.m., roll call and orders. One of our chaps was fined a days pay for being one minute late on parade, read out in orders, dismissed to duty. Had very little to do today. On parade again 12.45 p.m., roll call and dismissed. Wrote a letter to Dais. An Aust'n mail in but none for me yet, a bit disappointed but hope to get some tomorrow. After tea some Canadian Jocks came round and gave us a very nice concert. Turned into bed at 9 p.m.

Thursday 20th June, 1918

Up at Reveille 6.30 a.m. and on parade 7.45 a.m., roll call and dismissed to duty. Fixed up a couple of cut hands then took an R.E. to his billet who collapsed in our camp and fixed him up. On parade again 12.45 p.m. Nothing doing this afternoon so made an aluminium souvenir identity disc out of Canadian water bottle, cut it out in shape of Australia and engraved my No., name and unit on it. After tea had read and wrote a letter then turned in at 9 p.m.

Friday 21st June, 1918

Up at reveille 6.30 a.m. and on parade 7.45 a.m., roll call, orders and dismissed to duty. Fixed up a few sore fingers and gave few tablets out. Weather getting a bit unsettled, had few showers. On parade again 12.45 p.m., nothing doing this afternoon so had a read and fell asleep. Chap woke me up at 5.30 p.m. to fix up his fingers which he had jambed. We are not getting too much tucker lately again, bread being very short. Had read after tea and into bed 9 p.m.

Saturday 22nd June, 1918

Up at Reveille 6.30 a.m. and on parade 7.45 a.m., roll call and orders then dismissed to duty. Few sore hands to attend to and tablets to give out. Very windy day and pretty cold. Good news of offensive on Italian front. On parade again 12.45 p.m., roll call and dismissed. Wrote a letter and had a sleep before tea. Am taking things easy as I am feeling a bit weary and done. After tea had a read and turned into bed at 9 p.m.

Sunday 23rd June, 1918

Up at 6.30 a.m., day off today so got a pass and three of us went to "Hesdin", a town about 8 (eight) miles away. Got there for dinner and had eggs and chips, then had look round. Bought some post cards and service stripes. Very dull and slow place,

Page 268 but some pretty scenery on the outskirts and along the river. Had some tea and biscuits at Y.M.C.A. and caught train home at 6.30 p.m. In bed at 9 p.m., called up at 11 p.m., one of our chaps, tight, had fallen and hurt his shoulder pretty badly.

Monday 24th June, 1918

Up at reveille 6.30 a.m. and after parade went on sick parade as my ears are getting dull and want syringing out. Waited all morning for doctor, then got my ears done, feel much better. Wrote letter after dinner. Very cold and wet day, not like summer at all. 1st Canad. Wing came and gave us very nice concert in our mess hut at 7.30 p.m., it was very good and as they are about to go back in the line we afterwards entertained them to a smoke social, very pleasant night and turned in at 11.30 p.m.

Tuesday 25th June, 1918

Up at reveille 6.30 a.m. and on parade 7.45 a.m., roll call, orders and dismissed. Fixed up few minor ailments and kept out of way while camp inspection was on. On parade again 12.45 p.m., roll call and dismissed again. Settled down and wrote a letter this afternoon, then sewed my service stripes on tunic, one red 1914 stripe and three blue ones. After tea wrote another letter and had read, have got a rotten cold, in bed 9 p.m.

Wednesday 26th June, 1918

Up at reveille 6.30 a.m. and on parade 7.45 a.m., roll call, orders and dismissed to duty. Fixed up few chaps and bathed a toe that is giving me some trouble. Received word at 11 a.m. to be ready for inspection by Gen. Birdwood. On parade at 12.45, put into platoons, inspected at 1.30 p.m. The Gen. spoke and chatted to several chaps then made nice speech, dismissed at 2.30 p.m. Am not feeling too good so lay down till tea time. Went to concert in a barn at 7 p.m. by A.S.C. (M.T.). In bed 9 p.m.

Thursday 27th June, 1918

Up at Reveille 6.30 a.m. and on parade as usual. Fixed up few chaps this morning, sore fingers, pills etc. On parade again 12.45 p.m. and dismissed, spent afternoon writing to Dais. Much nicer day today. Am not feeling really well at all, think I'm beginning to give out to it, its just a worn out feeling. News getting brighter in the papers, more Italian successes and news from Germany more re-assuring for us. Had read after tea and in bed 9 p.m.

Friday 28th June, 1918

Fritz planes over bombing about 1 a.m. but I never heard a sound and did not wake till reveille at 6.30 a.m. On parade as usual and then fixed up about half a dozen

Page 269 chaps. Fine day but rather cloudy. On parade again 12.45 p.m., fixed up couple of chaps and then had read and sleep. Our rifles and bayonets arrived today, will be issued to us in few days time. News still better in the papers again today. After tea had yarn, wrote a letter then got into bed and read till 9.30 p.m.

Saturday 29th June, 1918

Up at reveille 6.30 a.m. and on parade as usual. Put foments on couple of chaps with nasty boils on their faces. Weather fine again and pretty warm. Dug up some potatoes that are being covered by Rly. track, very small. After midday parade cleaned the potatoes and got few onions ready for boiling for supper. After tea went out for walk and tried to get in barn to a concert but full up. Had good plate mashed spuds, onions and bully beef and in bed 9.30 p.m.

Sunday 30th June, 1918

Up at reveille at 6.30 a.m. and on parade as usual but only few chaps wanted, day off for everyone else. Fritz planes were hovering about at from 1 a.m. to 3 a.m. this morning and bombs were dropped some distance from here. Hot day today. Fixed up two chaps with boils this morning. Had a sleep after dinner, feel very weary and longing for home. After tea went for walk along river with couple of pals. Had mashed potatoes etc. for supper and to bed 9 p.m.

Monday 1st July, 1918

Fritz planes were hovering about for nearly three hours last night and early this morning, seemed to be going over Etaples way. Could not hear any bombs drop. Up at reveille 6.30 a.m. and on parade as usual. Fixed up boil for a chap and another chap with crushed finger. Went out for my washing at 11.30 a.m. After midday parade had a bath in dish in a crop then wrote some letters. After tea wrote more letters, had read and in bed 9 p.m. Very hot today.

Tuesday 2nd July, 1918

Fritz planes over again last night and early this morning but slept soundly and did not hear them myself. Up at reveille and on parade as usual then did couple of dressings and had a read of the paper which I went out to get at 11 a.m. After midday parade settled down and wrote letter to Dais. till tea time. After tea had yarn with some of the boys and a read, at 8.30 p.m. had some mashed spuds that we bought and cooked ourselves and turned into bed at 9.30 p.m.

Wednesday 3rd July, 1918

Fritz planes over again but did not hear them. Up at reveille 6.30 a.m. and on parade as usual. Did one dressing and then went down to Workshops and saw chap

Page 270 named Dick Woods from Crewe Boiler Shop. Had yarn with him for about an hour. After midday parade wrote some letters till tea time. Heard concert on in village so went and found it postponed then went for walk along river. Back at camp, had mashed spuds for supper and in bed 9 p.m.

Thursday 4th July, 1918

Up at reveille 6.30 a.m. and on parade as usual. Did up three chaps with bad hands then had shave and clean up and went out for paper at 11 a.m. News still keeping slightly in our favour. Weather still keeping splendid. After dinner wrote couple of letters and had a read. Received letter from Will Hill who is now at Dartford. Says he is pretty good. After tea had read and yarn with the boys then supper and in bed 9 p.m.

Friday 5th July, 1918

A lot of our planes were about last night about 11 p.m. Up at Reveille 6.30 a.m. and on parade as usual then fixed up a couple of dressings. At 11 a.m. went up street for a paper. News very quiet this last few days. After midday parade dressed a chaps finger then lay down for a read and fell asleep. Woke for tea after which went for a stroll and back at camp at 8 p.m. No supper tonight and in bed at 9 p.m.

Saturday 6th July, 1918

Up at reveille 6.30 a.m. and on parade as usual. Nothing doing today. Went for paper at 11 a.m., news very quiet. Rumours of us moving down the Somme area. Half holiday for the boys today on a/c of Canadian sports. Had a sleep this afternoon. Am feeling weary of myself and will be glad when things are a bit more active again. Hope it will all soon be over as am feeling done up and not myself, the game is telling, but I'm not sick yet. Turned into bed after supper at 9 p.m.

Sunday 7th July, 1918

Up at reveille 6.30 a.m. and had breakfast then had clean up and yarn and went out for paper at 11 a.m. Just before dinner received five letters, 2 from Dais., 2 from Mam and 1 from Cis., tray bon. After dinner a pal and I went out for walk, walked to Compagne and had cup of coffee then home for tea at 5 p.m., very hot and sultry. After tea had read and yarn, helped to get supper ready, mashed potatoes and bully beef and in bed 9.30 p.m.

Monday 8th July, 1918

Up at Reveille 6.30 a.m. and on parade as usual. Tied up a chaps finger and had a read. Went out for paper at 11 a.m., started making a souvenir match box case. Spent the whole afternoon writing letter to Dais. Very hot and sultry again, lot of our

Page 271 planes about today. After tea engraved my name and unit on match box cover and had read and yarn. About 8 p.m. had heavy thunder shower for half and hour, vivid lightning, cleared the air and much pleasanter. Had supper and into bed 9 p.m.

Tuesday 9th July, 1918

Up at 6.30 a.m. and on parade as usual, roll call and orders, all men 40 and over have to hand in names and details of service to orderly room. Nothing doing this morning. Went out for paper at 11 a.m. After dinner wrote a couple of letters and had a yarn. Paraded after tea to Capt. Duncan and got leave to go to Etaples on Sat. to see Miss Ada Potter, an old friend. Rained heavily again tonight, thunder showers. No supper, just had cup of cocoa without sugar, into bed 9 p.m.

Wednesday 10th July, 1918

Did not get to sleep very early last night as all the chaps in another hut were drunk and kicked up a terrible row till 3.30 this morning. Up at Reveille at 6.30 a.m. and on parade as usual. Nothing doing again this morning so kept out of way while inspection of camp on and went for paper at 11 a.m. After dinner spent the time making a new kit bag from some brown canvas I have got, have good bit done by tea time, wants eyelets in now. Had read and talk after tea. Fine all day but rained this evening. Into bed 9 p.m.

Thursday 11th July, 1918

Up at reveille 6.30 a.m. and on parade as usual. Nothing doing today, spent morning putting eyelet holes in my new kit bag. After midday parade painted my name etc. on kit bag and then did some engraving on a souvenir match box case. In orders today that all 1914 men to parade tomorrow at 6 p.m. to orderly room and give in name, date of enlistment and embarkation and particulars of service. Looks like something doing for a trip home. After tea got some spuds and mashed them for supper and in bed at 9 p.m.

Friday 12th July, 1918

Up at reveille 6.30 a.m. and on parade as usual. Rained heavily all night and in heavy showers all day, thundery. Spent morning reading and yarning. After midday parade wrote letter, had read and sleep till tea time. Weather clearer after tea. Gave in particulars of service etc. to orderly room at 6 p.m. then went up road to motor column that runs to Etaples to make arrangements for ride in in the morning. Back at camp, had read and yarn, fried biscuits for supper and in bed 9 p.m. Called up at 9.15 p.m., chap ill.

Page 272 Saturday 13th July, 1918

Chap had epileptic fit, developed into mania, took 6 of us to hold him. Got Amb. car and took him to hospital, had 5 1/2 hours solid struggling with him. Doctor gave him morphia to quieten him, arrived back at camp at 4.30 a.m. and lay down till 5.30 a.m. when got up and cleaned and caught motor lorry to Etaples. Arrived at 10.15 a.m. and met my friend Miss Potter, W.A.A.C. at 11.45 a.m. Walked to Paris Plage, a very nice seaside resort, sat on sand then had tea (eggs and chips, the inevitable) got tram back to Etaples and went to concert in Base Camp given by N.Z.'s Kiwis, very good, orchestra lovely. Came out 8.30 p.m., left my friend 8.45 p.m. and went and got room and bed at house, very nice place. Kiwis gave sketch entitled Y go crook.

Sunday 14th July, 1918

Left entertainment before it was over last night as W.A.A.C.'s have to be in camp at 9 p.m. Went straight to sleep last night as was very tired, awoke by anti-aircraft barrage at 1 a.m. as fritz planes over bombing, din from guns was terrific. Fell asleep again before firing finished and awoke at 6.30 a.m. Got up and cleaned and had breakfast 7.30 a.m., eggs and chips, then read newspaper till 8.45 a.m. when went to station to catch my train at 9.20 a.m. Rained this morning, back at camp 11 a.m. having had a pleasant change. Received a parcel from Peggy, loafed the day away as still a bit tired and turned into bed 9 p.m. Paris Plage is awfully nice but was not finished when war broke out and has not been touched since.

Monday 15th July, 1918

Slept very sound last night, believe guns were going very heavily but I heard nothing. Up at 6.30 a.m. and on parade as usual. Fine day again today. Rumours of heavy fighting again but cannot get to know at what part of line or with what results. Troops etc. passing here on train, also lot of cavalry moved towards line yesterday. Had very little to do today so wrote couple of letters, went up street for paper and had a read. After tea some of our chaps played cricket match, had a look at them and in bed 9 p.m.

Tuesday 16th July, 1918

Up at reveille 6.30 a.m. and on parade as usual. Had thunder storm during night but still close and sultry. Nothing doing for me today so wrote a couple of letters to Dais. and Home. Rumours of heavy fighting still but can get no real news of any kind. Movements of troops and materials going on along this line past us. Some of our men went away today, don't know for how long. No news in the paper. Had read after tea and into bed at 9.30 p.m.

Page 273 Wednesday 17th July, 1918

Up at reveille at 6.30 a.m. and on parade as usual, nothing doing for me, very sultry indeed today and most uncomfortable. After midday parade wrote a letter, had a read of paper, first news of new enemy offensive in paper, then had nap before tea. After tea went down to river for a bath and swim, water pretty cold, heavy lightning. Back at 8.30 p.m. and in bed 9.30 p.m. after cup of cocoa.

Thursday 18th July, 1918

One year today since Fred was killed. Up at reveille at 6.30 a.m. and on parade 7.45 a.m. Wrote three letters this morning and had a read. Received a parcel from Aust. Overseas club, good parcel except that biscuits in it were the same as Army issue which upset the boys. After midday parade went up street for paper, little more news of offensive, fritz not doing much good. Had a nap before tea. This evening watched some of our chaps playing cricket, had cup of cocoa and in bed at 9 p.m.

Friday 19th July, 1918

One year today since transferred to this unit. Up at reveille 6.30 a.m. and on parade as usual. Wrote some letters before dinner and tied up a couple of cut fingers. After dinner went out for my washing and the paper. Strong rumours of Franco-American success, but nothing in papers yet, hope it is true. Had a sleep before tea. After tea watched a cricket match between two mugs teams of our Co'y, very funny indeed. Had supper of mashed potatoes and cocoa and in bed 9.30 p.m.

Saturday 20th July, 1918

Up at reveille at 6.30 a.m. and on parade as usual. Fixed up chaps toe, been rather badly crushed. Nice morning but later heavy thunder storm broke. Put some new Aust'n buttons on my great coat before dinner. After midday parade took my washing out and got paper. News of Franco-American advance of eight miles, no stated number of prisoners, but rumours of about 20,000 and 300 guns, hope it is true. After tea lay on bed and read till 8 p.m., had cup of cocoa and in bed at 9 p.m.

Sunday 21st July, 1918

Up at reveille 6.30 a.m. and had breakfast. Very windy day otherwise fine. Loafed the morning away and talked about the French American counter offensive. Got the paper shortly after dinner, gives prisoners at 17,000 and guns 360. Great joy among the boys. Went for a walk around Compagne district at 2 p.m., called at farm and had cup of coffee made of milk. Back for tea at 5.15 p.m. Lay on bed and read this evening, had cup cocoa and in bed 9 p.m.

Page 274 Monday 22nd July, 1918

Up at reveille 6.30 a.m. and on parade as usual. Had read this morning and got out of way while inspection on at 10.30 a.m. Waiting patiently for paper. After midday parade got paper, prisoners stated at 20,000 and guns 400, very good but hoping for better. Did some writing before tea. After tea watched cricket match between some of our chaps, couple of full hospital trains went by, one was U.S. Rumour of British offensive up this Arras front. Started raining 8.30 p.m., had cup cocoa and in bed 9.30 p.m.

Tuesday 23rd July, 1918

Up at reveille 6.30 a.m., fixed up one or two chaps who are sick after dismissed from parade, then did some writing before dinner. After dinner wrote letter to Dais. Very wet and miserable day and strong wind blowing. The Allied Forces still knocking fritz back, things looking pretty good. After tea wrote letter home and then had yarn with the boys. Fried some biscuits for supper and had cup of cocoa then in bed at 9.30 p.m.

Wednesday 24th July, 1918

Up at reveille 6.30 a.m. and on parade as usual, nothing doing this morning. At 10.30 a.m. was told off for job caulking pipes (a water main, lead joints). Am told S. Mjr. Jackson told the Capt. I was having an easy time with nothing to do, the boys are very sore over it. On parade 12.45 p.m. and marched to job in a paddock over a mile away, got some tools and was caulking all afternoon till 4.45 p.m., then marched back to camp. Went for walk along roads after tea, back at 8.30 p.m. and in bed at 9.30 p.m.

Thursday 25th July, 1918

Up at reveille 6.30 a.m. and on parade 7.45 a.m., roll call and marched to work caulking pipe joints all day. Heavy showers at intervals this morning, but lovely between whiles. Fritz planes over last night, dropped bombs not very far from here, but I never heard a sound, slept too well. News in papers still good for our side, new small push by the French on Amiens front, everyone in good spirits. American troops passing here on Rly, large numbers of them. Turned into bed 9 p.m.

Friday 26th July, 1918

Up at reveille 6.30 a.m., not on parade till 8.15 as raining hard. Roll call and marched to work, very muddy and sloppy, rained at intervals all morning. Got wet through and up to the eyes in mud from lying down in trench caulking joints. Stayed on job and had our dinner sent out to us, small piece meat and one small potato, not much for hard work. Digging in trench and mauling heavy pipes (about 5 cwt. each) all afternoon. Gave us biscuit and piece cheese at 3 p.m. Knocked off 4.45 p.m.

Page 275 and back to camp. Rained hard tonight, sat and yarned after tea and into bed at 9 p.m.

Saturday 27th July, 1918

Up at reveille 6.30 a.m. and on parade 7.45 a.m. Roll call and marched to work, caulking and general navvying. Rained at intervals, was wet through and dried again several times, as no shelter here. Dinner brought up to us in motor. Rained again this afternoon, finished as far as we could go by 3 p.m. so Capt. told us to knock off. Went back to camp wet through and mud up to neck from lying down in muddy trench. Good news in paper. Wrote letter after tea and into bed 9 p.m.

Sunday 28th July, 1918

Up at 6.30 a.m. and had breakfast, day off work today. Had a shave and clean up then had nap before dinner, have got slight cold. Did not rain today but very dull. After dinner took out my washing and got paper, still good news for our side, Germans being steadily beaten. Sat yarning till tea time. After tea Bob Sargeant and I went for bit of a walk, back at camp at 7.30 p.m., talking with some of the boys, had cup of cocoa and in bed 9 p.m.

Monday 29th July, 1918

Up at reveille 6.30 a.m. and on parade 7.45 a.m., roll call and marched to work. Same class of work, general navvying and caulking pipe joints. Nice day today, quite a treat after broken weather. Back to camp for dinner at 12 noon and on parade again 1.45 p.m. Worked till 5 p.m. then back to camp for tea, were paid at 6 p.m. A fritz plane over, chased by four of ours, very high. Wrote letters to Dais. and Mam, had cup of tea and in bed at 9 p.m.

Tuesday 30th July, 1918

Up at reveille 6.30 a.m. and on parade 7.45 a.m., very foggy this morning. Roll call and marched to work, working near prisoners compound now, about 500 Hun prisoners in working about here. Turned out very nice day again, plenty of work and kept going. Dinner 12 noon and on parade 12.45 p.m. and back to work, knocked of at 4.45 p.m. and back to camp for tea at 5.15 p.m. Wrote a letter this evening and sent 5 pounds to my a/c in bank at Crewe. Had cup of tea and into bed 9 p.m.

Wednesday 31st July, 1918

Up at reveille 6.30 a.m. and on parade 7.45 a.m. Roll call and marched to work, same work in prisoners compound. Very hot day indeed, knocked off for dinner at 12 noon and on parade again 12.45 p.m. and to work again, the heat roasted us this afternoon and when we knocked off at 4.45 p.m. I went in river for a swim. After tea

Page 276 watched a cricket match, one of our chaps had heavy fall, broke his nose and got pretty severe concussion. Sent him to hospital and then had cup of tea and into bed at 9.30 p.m.

Thursday 1st August, 1918

Up at reveille 6.30 a.m. Had stuff like Neaves food for baby's for breakfast and bacon which was bad and uneatable. On parade at 7.45 a.m. Roll call and marched to work, same navvying work only a bit nearer camp now. Very hot again, especially after dinner. News in papers still in our favour and strong rumour about Turkey severing with Germany and making separate peace. Our tucker is not very substantial for the heavy work we are doing. Had read after tea and in bed at 9 p.m.

Friday 2nd August, 1918

Up at reveille 6.30 a.m. and on parade 7.45 a.m. Roll call and marched to work, ran out of pipes at 9 a.m. so had to do some digging. Rained pretty hard and got wet through, sent us to camp at 10.30 a.m. Rained very heavy at midday so did not turn out till 1.30 p.m. Digging a trench two foot deep for small water pipe all afternoon, nasty drizzly rain. After tea had a shave and cleaned some spuds for supper then into bed at 9.30 p.m.

Saturday 3rd August, 1918

Up at reveille 6.30 a.m. and on parade 7.45 a.m. Digging a trench about 2 feet deep and a foot wide for some small water pipes. Knocked off for dinner at 12 noon, on parade again at 1.45 p.m. and marched to work, digging big trench about 3 foot deep and 2 foot wide for main water pipes. Very heavy digging as ground is so solid. Weather cleared this afternoon and we knocked off at 4.45 p.m., feel pretty tired. After tea went out for my washing and into bed at 9 p.m.

Sunday 4th August, 1918

Up at reveille 6.30 a.m. 4th Anniversary of declaration of war by Britain. Had a compulsory church parade at 9.30 a.m., back at camp for dinner. Very nice day, had game of cricket this afternoon and for a little while after tea, our side lost by ten runs. Good news in papers again, Germans retreating and French have regained Soissons. Rumours of even better news, main Rly line past here exceedingly busy all day, troops etc., many singing and waving flags, in real good spirits, beginning to think Fritz is nearly done. Had spuds for supper and in bed 9 p.m.

Monday 5th August, 1918

Up at reveille 6.30 a.m. and on parade 7.45 a.m. Roll call and marched to work, digging trench all day, ground very solid making it hard work. Knocked off for dinner

Page 277 at 12 noon and on parade again 12.45 p.m., roll call and marched to work till 5 p.m. Very showery day. Good news in papers again, everybody in good spirits. Wrote a letter to Dais. after tea, hard work writing and chaps jumping about hut. Had cup cocoa and in bed 9 p.m.

Tuesday 6th August, 1918

Up at reveille 6.30 a.m. and on parade 7.45 a.m., roll call and marched to work, still trench digging, ground getting a bit easier. Rained fairly constantly and hard after dinner so we knocked off at 4.50 p.m. Feel dead tired after doing a day at this work but otherwise alright. News in papers still keeps good. After tea finished letter to Dais. and wrote one home, had yarn with some of the boys and into bed at 9 p.m.

Wednesday 7th August, 1918

Up at Reveille 6.30 a.m. and on parade 7.45 a.m., roll call and marched to work. Still digging trench but looks as if we have nearly finished this one so did not go so hard. Dinner at 12 noon and on parade again 12.45 p.m. and back to work. Knocked off about 4.30 p.m. and went to huts and kept out of way of officers. Very nice day today and did not rain for a wonder. After tea had a shave and wrote couple of letters, read the paper, news still good. Had drink of tea and into bed at 9 p.m.

Thursday 8th August, 1918

Up at Reveille 6.30 a.m. and on parade at 7.45 a.m., roll call and marched to work, still digging away, much nicer day again. Dinner at 12 noon and on parade again 12.45 p.m., roll call and to work again. Not being rushed so much now on our job, taking it easy. Knocked off at 5 p.m. and after tea read the paper and wrote couple of letters. News quieter today. Had cup of coffee and in bed at 9 p.m.

Friday 9th August, 1918

Up at reveille 6.30 a.m. and on parade 7.45 a.m. Roll call and to work digging and ballasting light Rly. track this morning. Rumours of fine British offensive and great success, eagerly awaiting confirmation. On parade again 12.45 p.m. and off to work, more digging till tea time 5 p.m. Spent the evening fixing up my leggings, cut them down and re-sewed straps on, not quite finished. Had cup tea and in bed 9.30 p.m.

Saturday 10th August, 1918

Up at Reveille 6.30 a.m. and on parade at 7.45 a.m. All N.C.O.'s were issued with rifles and given rifle drill today. Sappers went out to work as usual, put on different job, but still pick and shovel, grading a slope for railway track, very hot day. Knocked off for dinner at 12 noon and at it again at 12.45 p.m. till 5 p.m. First news of British

Page 278 offensive splendid and all in tip-top spirits, looks as if fritz is on his last legs, hope we can keep it going. Into bed at 9 p.m.

Sunday 11th August, 1918

Up at 6.30 a.m. and on parade for breakfast 7 a.m., day off today. Very hot and sultry so did not go out till after tea. News of British Offensive getting better still, really fine. Some of our chaps got some Aust'n mail so it is kicking around. After tea Bob Sargeant and I went for walk across some fields and returned through village of Compagne, back at 7.30 p.m. Made some tea and had piece of bread and in bed at 9 p.m.

Monday 12th August, 1918

Up at reveille 6.30 a.m. and on parade 7.45 a.m., roll call and sappers marched off to work. N.C.O.'s getting rifle drill. Finished our grading this morning and this afternoon started laying track. Very hot day again. News getting even better and fritz getting towelled up. Were paid at 4.30 p.m. More Aust'n mail in today but so far none has arrived for me. Issued with service chevrons today. I received one red and three blue ones. Mashed some spuds for supper and into bed at 9.30 p.m.

Tuesday 13th August, 1918

A number of chaps drunk last night and several brawls in our camp. Up at reveille 6.30 a.m. N.C.O.'s rifle drill and hard work for the few sappers, more pick and shovel this morning till dinner at 12 noon. On parade 12.45 p.m., this afternoon carrying sleepers (broad gauge) and heavy baulks of timber about 1/4 mile to saw mill. Heavy work and tired when knocked off at 5 p.m. Very hot day again. News in papers keeping tip-top. Boiled billy and into bed at 9 p.m.

Wednesday 14th August, 1918

More of our chaps drunk and brawling in the village last night, looks like trouble for all of us instead of culprits being punished alone. Up as usual this morning and to work with pick and shovel grading a new light Rly. track, very hot day again. Had lecture at midday parade by Lieut. Maher, Acting O.C. about conduct in village and liquor. Finished work at 5 p.m. Just after tea brawl broke out in camp, couple had a fight, pity they hadn't pluck enough to fight the Huns instead of among themselves. Into bed at 9 p.m.

Thursday 15th August, 1918

The row last night was caused through jealousy of a chap who had been in the Infantry. There is some feeling shown by some of this crowd, the younger chaps against the few of us who have been in the real stunt. Up and at work as usual

Page 279 grading Rly. track this morning and digging trench for water pipes this afternoon. Received two letters from Mam and one from Dais., news of arrival home of Dad, glad to hear it. Very hot day again and news still good. Wrote letters tonight and into bed at 9 p.m.

*3 Additional entry at beginning of diary

The row was caused by a young chap of this unit picking at a chap who had been a stretcher bearer and who is a bit simple. This simple chap has been wounded five times and gassed once and is unable to hold his own end up so a chap who has been in the infantry took his part and had a go at the other cove. The brawl was stopped, honours so far being with the infantry chap who thoroughly deserved them.

Friday 16th August, 1918

Up at reveille 6.30 a.m. and on parade 7.45 a.m., all hands are at work again, no time for rifle drill. Roll call and orders. Two of our chaps got 7 days 2nd field yesterday for being caught asleep instead of at work and another got 14 days 2nd for riotous drunken behaviour, two more are remanded. Digging trench for water pipes all day, very monotonous. Very hot and sultry day again, have bit of headache with the sun. After tea did some writing, boiled the billy and into bed at 9 p.m.

Saturday 17th August, 1918

Up at reveille 6.30 a.m. and at work as usual digging trenches for pipes still. Very windy today also dull, looks like rain. After roll call at midday parade a number of men were called out and some enquiries were made about a brawl in the village a few nights ago, our men caused it while drunk. Knocked off and had tea at 5 p.m., went out about 7 p.m. for my washing and the French woman and husband made me have supper, soup and rabbit, coffee and glass wine. Back and in bed 9.30 p.m.

Sunday 18th August, 1918

Up at reveille 6.30 a.m. and had breakfast at 7 a.m. Loafed the morning away reading and yarning. After dinner cleaned my boots and leggings and got dressed, took out my washing and gave Madame's husband a little tobacco, he was awfully pleased as civilians find it hard to get. They are an elderly couple with 3 boys and an orphan nephew, the eldest 16, and are refugees from between Lens and Loos. Back at camp for tea after which wrote several pages of letter to Dais. and in bed 9 p.m.

Monday 19th August, 1918

Up at reveille 6.30 a.m. and on parade 7.45 a.m., roll call and orders. A lot of our chaps on rifle drill today. Our party out digging again, but did not do a great lot today as getting a bit fed up with it. Weather looks like breaking again. News in paper still slightly in our favour and rumour today of British offensive on Arras front. Knocked

Page 280 off and had tea at 5 p.m. After tea spent the whole night writing my letter to Dais. Boiled the billy and into bed 9 p.m.

Tuesday 20th August, 1918

Up at reveille 6.30 a.m. and on parade as usual, roll call and marched off to work, still digging water pipe trenches, were at it all day, but are taking it much easier now. Dull and inclined to rain, but did not do so. More Hun prisoners working here, some of them only captured this month. Little news in paper of our offensive near Bailleul and rumour tonight that we have taken that town. After tea wrote letter home and to Vic. Hill and into bed 9 p.m.

Wednesday 21st August, 1918

Up at reveille 6.30 a.m., had rained a little during the night. On parade and to work as usual, still digging. Turned out very clear day and this afternoon and evening was a real roaster, too hot to do anything. News in papers pretty good again and it looks as if fritz will have to go back some distance before long. After tea had shave and clean up then wrote a letter, boiled the billy and into bed 9 p.m.

Thursday 22nd August, 1918

Fritz over bombing last night. Up at reveille 6.30 a.m. and on parade and to work as usual, still on same job. A real boiling hot day, feel properly cooked. Just after knocked off this evening went to R.E. camp and had bonzer hot and then cold shower. News very good again today. Sudden orders this evening for 100 men and 2 officers to move tomorrow up line somewhere, all have to take rifles etc. Am not amongst party to go but rest of us expect to follow in few days. Awfully close tonight, boiled billy and in bed 9 p.m.

Friday 23rd August, 1918

Up at Reveille 6.30 a.m. and to work as usual. Mixing concrete today for a big water dam, capacity 30,000 gallons, very heavy and laborious work. Very good news in papers again today. After knocked off tonight issued with rifle etc. and two of us got orders to be ready to leave tomorrow. Went to get my washing and spent evening in packing up some of my gear. Everything upside down, our unit is scattered in about six different directions. In bed 9 p.m.

Saturday 24th August, 1918

Up at reveille and after breakfast finished packing my kit, had hair cut and got all ready for journey to Marquise. After dinner wrote couple of short letters then took my kit bag and blankets over to station, reported to R.T.O. at 3.15 p.m. Train left 4 p.m., changed at Etaples and arrived at Boulogne about 7 p.m., left kit bags on station and

Page 281 went to rest billet with rifles and equipment then went out and had eggs and chips. Lay down to sleep in rest billet at 9 p.m. Awoke 11 p.m., fritz over bombing.

Sunday 25th August, 1918

Fritz gave us a bad time, dropped number of bombs, some so close we heard them falling and heard pieces swishing about in street outside billet. Only got about an hours sleep and called up 4 a.m., had breakfast and went to station to catch train 5 a.m. Train late and did not get away till 10 a.m., arrived at Marquise 11 a.m. and got to our destination and reported. Put into crowded huts, camp looks dirty. Broad gauge depot. Had clean up and then my mate and I went for walk up town and a feed, looks clean town, back and in bed at 9 p.m.

Monday 26th August, 1918

Got up at 7 a.m. and had breakfast then went over to start work at 8.30 a.m. Usual hours of work here are 6 a.m. to 8 a.m., 8.30 a.m. to 12 noon, 12.45 p.m. to 5 p.m., not much good. Don't know how we are going to get on yet. Was stretching some tube ferrules today. Sgt. Boilermaker seems nice chap, a regular time serving soldier. Tucker today was not too good or too plentiful, room for improvement. Ridiculous restrictions but chaps are real good. After tea started letter to Dais., could not finish it. Turned in 9 p.m.

Tuesday 27th August, 1918

Up at 5.45 a.m. and over at work 6 a.m. but did not do anything first quarter and don't intend to do much as do not get a bite or drink of tea till breakfast 8 a.m. then at work 8.30 a.m. Cut some lead washers out this morning for mud hole doors. After dinner 12 noon till 12.45 got in firebox, took down brick arch and caulked seven steel stays that were blowing badly indeed. Knocked off at 5 p.m. and had tea. Finished letter to Dais. and one to Mam. Tucker not too brilliant yet and regulations very strict. Had yarn and in bed 9 p.m. Lights out 9.30 p.m.

Wednesday 28th August, 1918

Up at 5.45 a.m. and over at shed 6 a.m., did nothing before breakfast at 8 a.m. At work again 8.30 a.m., had a look round with Sgt. Boilermaker and caulked some studs before dinner. After dinner took off broken fire hole door and put new one on, also fixed up an inspection door and cover. Knocked off at 4.30 p.m., tea and paid at 5.30 p.m., they gave me 20 Francs. Rained heavy during day. After pay my mate Harry Beech and I went for stroll along lanes outside township, back at 8 p.m., had read and in bed 9 p.m., lights out 9.30.

Page 282 Thursday 29th August, 1918

Up at 5.45 a.m. and at work 6 a.m., loafed first quarter. After breakfast at 8 a.m. till 8.30 a.m. had look round engines then started to repair hinges on lap plate between Tender and footplate, construction of Engine made it an awkward job and all jobs have to be done against time, so necessarily are rough. Managed to get two new hinges made and put on by 5 p.m. so engine could go out tonight. Good news in paper today. Wrote a letter after tea, had read and in bed 9 p.m.

Friday 30th August, 1918

Up at 5.45 a.m. and at work 6 a.m., did nothing first quarter. After breakfast 8 a.m. had a look at repair book and as engines for repairs are all out but one went on that one. Started to take down ash pan, it is a North Eastern Engine, Fire hole ring, Foundation ring, studs and nearly all the stays blowing, awkward job getting ash pan down. Got one half down by 5 p.m. Had walk up village after tea and back at 8 p.m., roll call 9 p.m. and into bed 9.30 p.m.

Saturday 31st August, 1918

Up at 5.45 a.m. and on duty 6 a.m., nothing doing first quarter. After breakfast went on getting down remainder of Ash Pan on N.E'n engine, got it down by 6 p.m. tonight. Orders come out have to work now till 6 p.m. Great dissatisfaction, all sorts of petty restrictions, can't have anything to eat in hut, officers treat men as children. After tea went out with couple of R.E.'s and had game of French billiards. Back in camp at 8.30 p.m., roll call 9 p.m. and into bed 9.30 p.m.

Sunday 1st September, 1918

Up at 5.45 a.m. and at work 6 a.m., did nothing first quarter. After breakfast went on hammering stays in N.E. Engine, nearly all leaking badly. Knocked off at 12 noon, most of men had to work on but I took no notice and just knocked off. After dinner got cleaned and went for walk round village of "Rinxant", the Belgian village, and round the State stone quarries, had nice walk and back for tea. Had walk this evening up Marquise, had eggs and chips. In camp at 9 p.m. and into bed 9.30 p.m.

Monday 2nd September,1918

Up at 5.45 a.m. and at work 6 a.m., did nothing till after breakfast. Engine been in collision, cut off part of footplate, got it hot and levelled it and put it up again, had to work straight on till 7 p.m. to get it rivetted up as engine is wanted, worked hard. Very windy but fine day, coal dust from stack near by made me as black as a nigger. Saw a dinkum Yank plane today. After got washed made my bed and lay on it reading as feel tired. Turned in 9 p.m.

Page 283 Tuesday 3rd September, 1918

Took the first quarter off and did not turn out this morning till 8 a.m. Have been hammering up leaky stays all day in N.E.'n engine, did about 200 single handed. Did not work on till 6 p.m., just knocked off at 5 p.m. and had my tea, too long to go till 6 p.m. without a meal and tucker is not too plentiful at any time. After tea started a letter to Dais., could not finish it before lights out at 9.30 p.m., when went to sleep.

Wednesday 4th September, 1918

Up at 5.45 a.m. and at work 6 a.m., did nothing before breakfast. Hammered up about 150 more copper stays today, did little caulking on foundation ring and put biggest part of ash pan up again before knocked off at 5 p.m. Nice day and air-ships out of shed alongside of us were out, there are three of them, all French. Did some more writing after tea and posted my letters. Turned in at lights out 9.30 p.m.

Thursday 5th September, 1918

Up at 5.45 a.m. and at work 6 a.m., sat in Blacksmiths shop till breakfast time. Started again at 9 a.m., hammered up some stays and did bit of caulking before dinner. This afternoon was caulking studs round fire hole door patch, work very interesting as it is mostly new to me. Knocked off at 5 p.m. and went for a walk, four of us to a village about 3 miles away, got pocket full of beans out of field and eat them. Back at camp 9 p.m. and in bed 9.30 p.m.

Friday 6th September, 1918

Up at 5.45 a.m. and at work 6 a.m., did nothing before breakfast. After breakfast finished caulking studs and rivets round firehole, caulked corner seams and patch round firehole. Put in fire bars and caulked round crown plate. Put on new fire hole door and finished up the job by 4 p.m., knocked off at 5 p.m. Fire alarm went 5.45 p.m. but I dodged it. Went for bath at Munitions Works in village, very fine baths and enjoyed it. Back at 8 p.m., had yarn and in bed 9 p.m.

Saturday 7th September, 1918

Up at 5.45 a.m. and at work 6 a.m., nothing doing first quarter. Have breakfast now from 8.30 to 9 a.m. Our Sgt. not at work this morning so am in charge. Hammered up about 50 leaky stays in Firebox, fire had just been drawn so it was a hot job but engine wanted in a hurry. Nothing doing after dinner, just cut some lead washers and knocked off at 5 p.m. Got cleaned and went to concert in dining hut, not bad show, over at 9 p.m. Made my bed and into it 9.30 p.m. Thunderstorm tonight, news still very good.

Page 284 Sunday 8th September, 1918

Up at 5.45 a.m. and at work 6 a.m., nothing doing first quarter. After breakfast chipped out smoke box door ring and put in a new one, had to work hard to finish by dinner time. Very stormy day so did not go out this afternoon, wrote some letters before tea. Had a walk out this evening but the weather threatening, came to camp early, had a yarn and read and turned in 9 p.m.

Monday 9th September, 1918

Up at 5.45 a.m. and at work 6 a.m., sat by Blacksmiths fire till breakfast time, not much doing this morning, engines booked for repairs being out. After dinner cut off a step that was badly bent, 16 rivets. At 4.30 p.m. got my tea and caught light engine to Beaulieu at 5.5 p.m., about 20 minutes run up the state quarries. Had to expand tubes in Merryweather pump, finished 9 p.m., got engine back, had supper and got to bed near midnight.

Tuesday 10th September, 1918

Got up for breakfast 8 a.m., had wash and shave and turned into bed again and slept till dinner time. Up for dinner and went to work 12.45 p.m. Very wild and stormy day again. Put new joint ring in smoke box front plate of N.E.'n engine. News in papers still keeps good for us, but seems to be quietening down a little. After tea wrote letter to Dais. and one home. Into bed 9 p.m., lights out 9.30 p.m.

Wednesday 11th September, 1918

Up at 5.45 a.m. and at work 6 a.m., very cold and stormy again today. Sgt. B'maker went to be inocculated today so have job on my own. Cut off damper on Baldwin and put new hinges on and after dinner started caulking roofing stay bolts in Baldwin, all leaking very bad. Very dirty and rotten job. Knocked off at 4.30 p.m. as it is pay night. Got my pay 6.30 p.m., had walk up street, back again 8 p.m. and in bed 9 p.m. Lights out 9.30 p.m.

Thursday 12th September, 1918

Up at 5.45 a.m. and at work 6 a.m., had quiet first quarter. After breakfast had look at repair book and set out work for chaps. Went into firebox of 1706 and caulked up 3 cracks in mouthpiece, hopeless job and very hot as fire just drawn, then went into 81 just as hot and took out safety plug, had to cut it out, then took out two safety plugs out of 770, part of fire still in, almost smothered with smoke. Finished at 5 p.m. after a trying day. Four years today since enlisted. Had game billiards and in camp 8.15, lights out 9.20. Roll call 8.30 p.m. tonight and after, and lights out 9.20 p.m.

Page 285 Friday 13th September, 1918

Up at 5.45 a.m. and at work 6 a.m., did nothing first quarter. After breakfast set out work, examined some engines and caulked few more roofing stay bolts in 70. After dinner Sgt. started work again, straightened a badly bent step off 1851 and fixed up set of fire bars in 773, examined a Baldwin 663 for leaky tubes. Sgt. wanted me to work tonight and fix them up but I wouldn't. After tea got cleaned and had quiet night. Good news of American offensive and in bed 9 p.m.

Saturday 14th September, 1918

Up at 5.45 a.m. and at work 6 a.m., made a petrol and flint pipe lighter out of German cartridge before breakfast. Very rotten day, rained the whole time. Did couple small jobs this morning and went on caulking more roofing bolts. Kept at it till 4.30 p.m. when knocked off as there is a concert on tonight. After tea went down to French munition works and had a good bath. Back in camp at 8.15 p.m., roll call 8.30 and lights out 9.20 p.m.

Sunday 15th September, 1918

Up at 5.45 a.m. and at work 6 a.m., did nothing till after breakfast when had look at repair book then put new joint on an inspection cover. Knocked off at 12 noon, got cleaned and went for walk along main Boulogne road, turned off through some fields and back to camp for tea at 4 p.m., gathered and eat a lot of Blackberries, tons of them. After tea had walk to place called the "Valley" by the boys, B.E.F. canteen there. Went for some smokes, very hard to get tobacco here. Back at 8.15 p.m. and in bed 9.50 p.m.

Monday 16th September, 1918

Had air raid alarm just before midnight last night but fritz plane did not get this far. Up at 6 a.m. and at work but did nothing first quarter. After breakfast fixed up an inspection cover that was leaking, also nine caps on top of firebox, put new joints in, did fair days work. Quite nice day again, good news of our offensives. After tea wrote a letter to Dais., gets dark early now. Roll call 8.30 p.m. and lights out 9.30.

Tuesday 17th September, 1918

Air raid alarm again at 1 a.m. this morning and had to go out in trenches adjoining huts, no bombs dropped near us. Did not get up till 7.30 a.m. as were in trenches till 3.30, supposed to get up as usual. Fixed up firehole door, put in some firebars also put step on, then caulked some steel stays. After dinner hammered up some rivets in tender tank and knocked off 5 p.m. Got fifteen letters today. Wrote to Mam and in bed 9 p.m.

Page 286 Wednesday 18th September, 1918

Up at 6 a.m. and strolled over to work 6.30 a.m. Got air raid alarm about midnight last night but Fritz did not come our way so did not have to get up. After breakfast put new firehole door on and caulked some steel stays. After dinner took off a damper door that had jambed and fixed it up. Rained a little tonight. After got cleaned settled down and wrote seven letters in answer to some I got last night. Roll call at 8.30 p.m. and lights out 9.30 p.m.

Thursday 19th September, 1918

Did not turn out till 7.30 a.m. this morning though supposed to be out at 6 a.m. After breakfast 8 a.m. to 8.30 put new pair of hinges on Damper door and fixed it up on a Baldwin engine then straightened the step which was badly bent. An officer from the food control here at dinner time, believe he made a noise about insufficient rations. Not much doing this afternoon. Knocked off 5 p.m., dodged fire parade, wrote letter and in bed 9 p.m.

Friday 20th September, 1918

Turned out this morning again at 7.30 a.m., refilled a lead plug. After breakfast examined a Baldwin, blowing badly under lagging, stays appear to be broken. Not much doing after dinner, went down in motor car to Haut Banc about 4 miles away in the quarries. A French stationary boiler gone wrong through bad and dirty water, steel fire box, crown plate dropped, to be re-tubed and firebox caulked also roofing stay bolts. Started on job, back at camp 6.30 p.m., had tea and a read and in bed 9 p.m.

Saturday 21st September, 1918

Up at 5.45 a.m. had breakfast 6.15 a.m. and got tools made and ready for job at Haut Banc. 10.30 a.m. before we got away in motor car. Started on job right away and caulked all round firebox, had dry bread and cheese for dinner. This afternoon Lieut. Gearing came down and we asked him about tucker, he arranged for us to have it at Quarry Headquarters. Had bread, butter, jam and tea at 5 p.m. then worked on and had tin of Macconnachie and tea for supper at 10 p.m. after which went on with job, still going at midnight.

Sunday 22nd September, 1918

Worked hard and got job finished by 7 a.m. Had breakfast, cold ham, bread butter and tea, then caught store train and arrived back at our depot 9 a.m. Went straight to munition works for bath and turned in at 11 a.m. Slept till 4 p.m. when had my tea, had to go to orderly room at 4.45 p.m. and was told am leaving to join up my own unit tomorrow. Had shave and went out for walk at 6 p.m. Came back to camp 7.30 p.m. as weather is inclined to be stormy. Turned in 9 p.m.

Page 287 Monday 23rd September, 1918

Up at 7.30 a.m. and had breakfast then packed up my gear and went to orderly room to see what time leaving. Went for walk till dinner time and picked lot of Blackberries. Had yarn with the chaps and caught train at 1.30 p.m., cattle truck train but not too crowded. Went through Boulogne, Etaples, and to Abbeyville where reported to R.T.O. Put back on train and told to report R.T.O. Romescamp. Very slow train and getting weary of ride, no chance of sleep.

Tuesday 24th September, 1918

Arrived Romescamp at 3.15 a.m., reported R.T.O. and told to stay in B.E.F. canteen till called, place full up so stayed on verandah. Very cold and no sleep. Warm as day wore on, expect leave to Aust. soon from what I hear. Sent for and caught ration train at 2.45 p.m., came through St. Roch and Amiens very badly smashed about, saw large number of captured German guns. News in paper very good, Bulgaria being hit up. Arrived at Miraumont after passing Albert and other places about midnight, whole place a scene of desolation.

Wednesday 25th September, 1918

Was rather a bright night so could see fairly well, train stopped at Miraumont over an hour, eventually arrived at Rocquigny 3.30 a.m. No one about so stayed in van till 7.30 a.m. when found our camp close by. Reported, had breakfast and set about looking for dug-out to live in, the place is a wilderness. Two of us re-erected an old dug-out and got it ship shape after hard work by 7 p.m. Received half doz. letters, one from W. Hill, says Vic reported missing, also two I wrote Vic returned to me, will make enquiries. Very tired so turned in 8.30 p.m.

Thursday 26th September, 1918

Was not too warm last night, Fritz planes were over and good deal of gun fire. Up at 6.45 a.m., had breakfast and over at repair shop 8 a.m., not big lot doing, repairing captured fritz light Rly trucks all day. Very nice day and hundreds of our planes about. Fritz plane got 2 of our balloons about 5 p.m., tried for more later but driven off. Did bit more at dug-out till 8 p.m. when told am leaving for base tomorrow en route for Aust. Packed my kit and in bed 10 p.m.

Friday 27th September, 1918

Up at 6.30 a.m. and finished packing up my kit, had a yarn with some of the boys and watched some fritz shells bursting about mile away through glasses. Our passes came through about 3 p.m., four of us going home. Went from Roquigny to Bapaume on Light Rly truck, no train till morning so caught motor lorry to Achiet-le- Petit and then another to Achiet-le-Grand where got goods train to Candas, arriving 9 p.m. Got some eggs and bread and set out to walk to Doullens.

Page 288 Saturday 28th September, 1918

Arrived at Doullens about 3 a.m. after walking about 7 miles, big struggle with all our kit and felt done up. Sat in small humpy with four Tommies alongside fire till 4.30 a.m. when had wash and went into town for breakfast, got steak and mashed potatoes. Went to station to catch train at 11.20 a.m. but it did not arrive until 2.30 p.m. when got aboard and after a rotten ride arrived at Boulogne at 9.30 p.m. and were marched to a rest camp and lay down about midnight.

Sunday 29th September, 1918

Called up about 4.30 a.m. but could not get near for any breakfast, such a crowd. Fell in and marched to the boat about 2 1/2 miles at 8 a.m. Got aboard after some difficulty and crossed the channel, arriving at Folkestone, very nice crossing. Got seat in train and started for London, arriving just after midday. Reported and given passes for the night and orders to report at Horseferry Rd. at 9 a.m. in morning. Miserable rainy afternoon and night, got good bed at Opera (Temperance) Hotel and into it at 10 p.m.

Monday 30th September, 1918

Up at 6.30 a.m., had hot bath and breakfast. Went to Aldwych Y.M.C.A. hut and got boots and leggings cleaned, then had haircut and shave in the Strand and an electric massage of the scalp as my hair is scurfy. Report at Hdqrtrs 9 a.m., good number of men there, kept standing about and dodging from room to room till 1 p.m. when got fixed up and had dinner in Y.M.C.A. close by. Afterwards went to Euston Station and caught 3.45 p.m. to Crewe, had pleasant journey arriving at 8.30 p.m. Went to my cousins, had yarn and in bed 10 p.m.

Tuesday 1st October, 1918

Up at 8 a.m. and had breakfast then went up street with Mirrie, called and saw Mr. and Mrs. Rhead, also Mr. and Mrs. Potter of Hightown. All were very pleased to see me. Went round and saw Jesse Morgan and her husband and 2 children then back for dinner at 1.30 p.m. Went out again 4 p.m., met numerous friends in streets and went to Joe Lewis where had tea, afterwards to Charlie Walkers and then round to Sam Walkers, left at 10 p.m., arrived back at 10.20 p.m. Had cup of tea then across street to Mrs. Leach's where am sleeping tonight. Sent Cable to Dais. also wired Grandmother and Peggy when going to see them.

Wednesday 2nd October, 1918

Up at 7 a.m. and caught 8.15 a.m. to Winsford to see Grandmother. Found her pretty well, had another breakfast and yarned with Grandmother and Mary and had some fun with young Frank who is a real trick. Had a quiet day talking and resting and caught the 6.25 p.m. back to Crewe. Found Mirries Aunt Polly at Fanny's place,

Page 289 went to concert in Town Hall by myself, programme given by children from Hightown. Saw a good number of my old friends, back and in bed at Mrs. Leach's at 11 p.m.

Thursday 3rd October, 1918

Up at 5 a.m. and caught 6.22 a.m. Crewe to Preston where I arrived at 9 a.m. and found Peggy there to meet me. Got local train to Bambers Bridge and walked to Peggies place at Higher Walton. Very old fashioned place in nice country district. Peggies Mother and Father very, very nice and homely, made me feel quite at ease, had breakfast and did lot of talking. Turned out too wet to go out so sat talking all day, Peg's sister in during afternoon, spent lovely homely quiet day. Peg and sister came to Preston with me and I caught 10.30 p.m. to Crewe, arriving 12.15 midnight and to bed at 1 a.m.

Friday 4th October, 1918

Up at 7.30 a.m. and had loafing morning, having clean up and bath just before dinner. After dinner Mirrie and I went to see Mr. Lewis, Mrs. Holdsworth and Mrs. Clarke, also saw numerous friends in the streets. Bought a wrist strap for watch and pair sandshoes for boat and back for tea at 5.30 p.m. After a yarn went out to Cosey as I had promised to do. Had supper with three Miss Potters and a yarn, left at 10.15 p.m. and home at 10.45 p.m. Packed up, did some writing and odd jobs while waiting for time for train.

Saturday 5th October, 1918

Set out for station at 3.30 a.m., Mirrie and her Mother coming with me. Caught 3.55 a.m. to London, arriving at Euston 7.30 a.m. Got motor bus to Smith St. and walked to Horseferry Rd. Had breakfast at Y.M.C.A. and at 9 a.m. reported and was given 9 more days leave. Kept till 11 a.m. getting my pay book then went to tube station and got back to Euston Station, caught train for Crewe and 2.10 p.m. and arrived at 6.45 p.m. feeling very tired. Went out and bought pair sox and then back and into bed at 10 p.m.

Sunday 6th October, 1918

Did not get up till 9.30 a.m., had bath and change then Mirrie and I went for walk to Coppenhall and called on the Badrocks and Barleys, back for dinner. Aunts Fanny, Pollie and Cousin Mirrie and I went to Choral Service at Hightown at 2.30 p.m., very nice indeed and enjoyed the singing immensely. Went again in the evening and had nice Service by Dr. Kirtland. Saw numerous old friends, had supper and a yarn and turned in about 10.30 p.m.

Page 290 Monday 7th October, 1918

Up at 8 a.m. and wrote letters to Mam and Dais. then took Aunt Pollie out to do some shopping, back for dinner. This afternoon went down to see Mr. Lewis and stayed to tea, Mr. Standring was there and we had a fine old yarn. Weather is very miserable and wet. This evening Aunt Fanny and Cousin Mirrie and I went to Hightown to hear lecture by Dr. Kirtland on the "Soul of France", very fine indeed. Had supper and into bed 11 p.m.

Tuesday 8th October, 1918

Up at 8.15 a.m., got cleaned had breakfast and caught 9.25 a.m. to Winsford, Grandmother surprised to see me. Had a walk up Winsford with Grandmother before dinner and sent wire to Peggy. This afternoon walked over to Moulton and saw Uncle Jabez and Aunt Annie. Had walk out with Aunt Annie to see Grandmothers sister, then had tea. Cousin Ellie arrived home from school 7 p.m. after which had some music and singing then walked back to Winsford and turned into bed about 10.30 p.m.

Wednesday 9th October, 1918

Up at 5 a.m., had breakfast and caught 6.30 a.m. to Preston, arriving 9 a.m. Peggy met me at station, raining hard, got to Peggie's home and had another breakfast after which sat talking till dinner time. After dinner Mr. Barnes and I tried to mend gramaphone, did not finish it, too wet to go out so sat talking and passed time pleasantly. After tea Peggy took me to see some friends of hers where we had supper, returning home and into bed at 11 p.m.

Thursday 10th October, 1918

Up at 7 a.m. cleaned and had breakfast, still raining, did bit more at gramaphone with Mr. Barnes. After dinner Peggie, her sister and myself went for walk nearby, was going to Preston for look round but commenced raining so home 4.30 p.m. and sat talking. After tea had a yarn then played dominoes and enjoyed ourselves quietly, too wet to go out. Good news in papers. Had supper and talked till 11 p.m. when turned into bed.

Friday 11th October, 1918

Up at 7.30 a.m. and had breakfast, read papers and had yarn then put gramaphone together again, can't fix it up to work, spring broken. Very nice day so at 2 p.m. Peggy and I caught motor bus to Preston, visited several of her friends and had look round, very nice place indeed and had enjoyable time. Caught bus back at 4.30 p.m. and had tea, after which had game of dominoes, read evening papers (good news), and talked. Peggy and sister took me to station at 9 p.m. (Bamber Bridge), came to Preston with me and got train 10.30 p.m., arriving at Crewe 11.55 p.m.

Page 291 Saturday 12th October, 1918

Got to Cousin Fanny's Lawton St. at 12.15 midnight, had cup of cocoa and lay down on sofa. Woke at 7.30 a.m. and had breakfast then went out for walk and saw several old friends. This afternoon went to Mr. Sam Potters, spent couple of hours and had tea, left at 5.45 p.m. and met Iles Hughes at 6.15 p.m. and we walked to the "Cosey" at Haslington together, had game of whist with the Potters girls, then supper and started to walk to Crewe 11 p.m., arriving 11.30 p.m. and then into bed.

Sunday 13th October, 1918

Up at 8 a.m., had breakfast and went to Church at 10.30 a.m. News in todays paper of Germans acceptance of President Wilson's terms as basis towards Peace. Everyone elated and in some places flags are flying. Looks like a speedy end to the war. After dinner Mirrie and I went and called on Joe Lewis and spent an hour talking to him. Back at Cousin Fanny's for tea and at Church at 6.30 p.m. Beautiful day again and fine starry night, looks like frost. Sat up doing some writing till midnight. Miss N. Gee came to see me today for a few minutes.

Monday 14th October, 1918

Writing and packing up, had cup of tea and some tarts and caught train for London at 4 a.m., arriving 7.45 a.m. Reported at Horseferry Rd. at 9 a.m. and after being fixed up went to Paddington Station via Tube Rlys and entrained at 1 p.m. Had great ride through fine country, passing through Reading, Swindon, Bristol, Bath, Taunton and Exeter and arrived at St. Budeaux about 8 p.m. near to Devonport. Marched to very nice camp about a mile away, given tea and five blankets each, turned in tired out at 10 p.m.

Tuesday 15th October, 1918

Up at 7 a.m., had wash and shave and then breakfast. Fell in on parade at 9.30 a.m., roll call and dismissed. Rained this morning, about 1 p.m. walked to tram terminus and went on car into Devonport. Had dinner and a look round and then took car to Plymouth, had nice look round and sat down on Promenade then went for tea, very busy place and very nice. Went into fish and chip shop for supper. Met Austin Milne in Plymouth, caught car back to camp and turned into bed 10 p.m.

Wednesday 16th October, 1918

Up at 7.30 a.m., had wash and breakfast. On parade 9.30 a.m., roll call and were sorted out into Coy's then dismissed. Met Will Hill and had good yarn till dinner time. After dinner Will Hill, Austin Milne and I took tram into Plymouth, had walk round Promenade and afternoon tea on pier. Had tea at 6 p.m. in town, met Linton Lethlane and had yarn then got tram to Devonport where we went to a dance, had

Page 292 nice time, had three dances myself. Left at 10.30 p.m. and walked home, into bed 12 p.m.

Thursday 17th October, 1918

Up at 7.30 a.m. and after breakfast fell in on parade at 9 a.m. Sorted out into Coy's again and put into different huts, then dismissed and shifted out gear into new huts. After dinner went over and saw Will Hill who is on town picket today, then went to kit store and got number of new things, boots, clothing etc. Rather cold today, after tea saw Will Hill again, then fixed up my kit bag and sea kit, after which had yarn and into bed 8 p.m.

Friday 18th October, 1918

Up at 7 a.m. and went for breakfast for the hut, then on parade 9 a.m. Roll call and issued with Gallipoli Book showing photos of peninsula then dismissed. Went mess orderly at dinner time then met Will Hill, Austin Milne and another chap and went into Plymouth on car. Had tea at restaurant and then had general look round, started raining about 6 p.m. so at 7 p.m. went and had feed of fish and chips then caught our car home and into bed 10 p.m.

Saturday 19th October, 1918

Our hut for duty today so went mess orderly to escape doing guard. Up at 7 a.m., got breakfast and then cleaned up hut, spent rest of morning reading. On parade at 2 p.m. and put into coy's for submarine guard then dismissed. Went round and saw Will Hill and then took tram to Plymouth and met Austin Milne. Had tea and returned to Devonport and went to dance. Austin left at 8.30, dance finished at 10.15 p.m., Will and I escorted two girls who were awfully good to us part way home and then returned to camp at St. Budeaux and in bed 12 p.m.

Sunday 20th October, 1918

Up at 7.30 a.m. and after breakfast on parade 9 a.m., roll call and dismissed. Will Hill, Austin and I went to Y.M.C.A. in camp and had cup of tea and biscuits. Tucker very poor in camp. Parade again at 2 p.m. then dismissed till another parade at 5 p.m. Had a sleep during afternoon. At 5.30 p.m. caught car to Plymouth and met Will Hill who had been on duty at docks. Went and had tea then a walk round followed by feed of fish and chips then got car home to camp and in bed 10 p.m.

Monday 21st October, 1918

Up at 7.30 a.m. and had breakfast. Parade was not called at 9 a.m. this morning so just sat in hut reading and talking, weather getting pretty cold now. At 4 p.m. Will Hill and I went into Devonport, had tea at Salvation Army Cafe then went on to Plymouth

Page 293 and went into some pictures. Out again 7 p.m. and had some fish and chips then a walk round and coffee and cakes at Goodbody's soldiers and sailors cafe, after which caught 9.20 p.m. tram back to camp and into bed 10 p.m.

Tuesday 22nd October, 1918

Up at 7.30 a.m. and had breakfast, no parade at 9 a.m. but called out at 10.30 a.m. and had to go through fumigating room and then medical inspection before dinner. On parade at 2 p.m., got my pay book and was paid a couple of pounds. At 4 p.m. W. Hill and I went to Devonport, had tea at Sal. Army then went on to Plymouth and went to the "Palace" variety show. Came out at 8.30 p.m., had fish and chips then coffee and cakes and a walk round and caught 9.20 p.m. back to camp and into bed at 10 p.m.

Wednesday 23rd October, 1918

Up at 7.30 a.m. and on parade 9 a.m. Sorted into Coy's again, then went for route march till 11.15 a.m. after which kept standing on parade ground till 12.30 p.m. when Camp Commandant spoke few words to us and dismissed 1 p.m. Had to move into hut 24 after dinner. Met W. Hill at 5 p.m. and went into Plymouth where we met another chap and went into some pictures. Came out at 7.30 p.m. and had fish and chips then coffee and cakes. Had walk round then caught 9.20 p.m. tram back to camp and into bed 10 p.m.

Thursday 24th October, 1918

Up at 7 a.m. and had breakfast. Our hut for duty today, am in the guard myself. Took over guard duties at main entrance at 9 a.m., had to stay in guard room all day. Guard called out for inspection by orderly officer at 10.30 a.m. Very quiet day, took over No. 1 Post at 7 p.m. and was on guard till 9 p.m., after which slipped into canteen and had game billiards for an hour. Sat yarning till 11 p.m. when all was quiet then turned in for a sleep.

Friday 25th October, 1918

Up at 6.30 a.m. and took over the No. 1 Post at 7 a.m., relieved while I had my breakfast at 7.30 a.m., then back on guard till 9 a.m. when new guard took over from us and we went back to our huts. Did not go on morning parade. Muster parade at 2 p.m. and then dismissed. Went to see W. Hill and he had gone out so had some sleep till tea time after which went in to Plymouth, had fish and chips and coffee and cakes and back to camp at 8.30 p.m., into bed 9 p.m.

Page 294 Saturday 26th October, 1918

Up at 7 a.m. and on parade 9.30 a.m. Went for route march round by Saltash passage and back by 11 a.m. Dismissed so went into Y.M.C.A. and had cup of tea and a cake. A muster parade again at 2 p.m., roll call and dismissed, after which W. Hill and I went into Plymouth. Had a good dinner at Sailors Home and very cheap. Had a walk along the Hoe and had tea on the pier, caught tram back to camp at 7.30 p.m. and into bed 9 p.m.

Sunday 27th October, 1918

Up at 7 a.m., had breakfast, such as it was, and on parade 10.15 a.m. and marched to Church near here. Service ended at 12.15 noon and back to camp for dinner. This afternoon W. Hill and I went into Plymouth by car, had walk round town then to the Hoe and met Austin Milne. Went on the pier for tea, then had another walk round, lot of ships in harbour, hope will be going soon. Back to camp 8 p.m. and into bed 9 p.m.

Monday 28th October, 1918

Up at 7 a.m. and on parade 9.30 a.m. and went for short route march, back at 11 a.m. and had cup of tea in Y.M.C.A. before dinner. Had muster parade at 2 p.m., roll call and dismissed. Will Hill and I went to Devonport and had good hot bath and tea at Sailors Rest then went into Plymouth and met Austin Milne and another chap. Had walk round and then fish and chips and at 8 p.m. went to a dance. I had one dance, left at 10 p.m. and caught tram to camp and into bed at 11 p.m.

Tuesday 29th October, 1918

Up at 6.30 a.m. and got breakfast for hut as am mess orderly today with another chap. Breakfast over, we washed up and cleaned out hut ready for inspection. At midday received orders to move into another hut. On parade 2 p.m. and put into Platoons, am in No. 2 Ptn. 4 Co'y. After being fixed up were dismissed. Stayed in camp till after tea then went into Plymouth with W. Hill, had a look round and some fish and chips for supper then home at 9.30 p.m. and into bed 10 p.m.

Wednesday 30th October, 1918

Up at 7 a.m. and on parade 9 a.m., roll call and then went for route march till 11 a.m. when dismissed. Had cup of tea in Y.M.C.A. and then dinner. A muster parade at 2 p.m. A new officer, Col. Woods has come down from London to take charge of us, he made a speech and said he would imrove tucker for us, then dismissed . Rained a good bit. Will Hill and I went to Palace theatre this evening. Variety show, not bad, came out 8.30 p.m., had supper and back to camp. In bed 10 p.m.

Page 295 Thursday 31st October, 1918

Up at 7 a.m. and on parade 9 a.m., roll call and orders. An officer told us 22 of our men had died since we have been here. Had little ceremonial drill this morning as our Co'y. No. 4 is to attend the funeral of three of our chaps this afternoon. On parade again 1 p.m. and marched to Hospital at Devonport. Drum & Fife Band and firing party supplied from the Devons. Marched to Cemetery after the Dead March had been played, about 8 miles to cemetery. After service over marched to trams and dismissed close to Plymouth. Went in and met W. Hill, had tea and look round and back at camp and in bed 10 p.m. Cemetery at Higher Compton.

Friday 1st November, 1918

Up at 7 a.m., had breakfast and on parade 9 a.m., detailed for town picquet. Marched to tram terminus and stayed till relieved at 1 p.m. by new picquet. Very wet and cold morning so slipped in restaurant and had morning tea. Relieved at 1 p.m. by new picquet and had dinner and at 4 p.m. Will and I went into Plymouth, started to rain very hard so went into a restaurant and had pasties and coffee, the people had a piano and asked us to have a tune, played a few pieces then went back to camp and into bed 10 p.m.

Saturday 2nd November, 1918

Up at 7.30 a.m. and had breakfast, tucker is much better this last few days. On parade at 9.15 a.m., kept on parade ground for couple of hours then dismissed. On parade again at 2 p.m., roll call and marched to medical hut and was inocculated against this new epidemic of influenza and pneumonia. After tea Will and I went into town, met Austin and had a yarn and Will and I went to a dance at 8 p.m. I did not dance but went as Will is very keen on it. Left and back to camp and in bed 10.15 p.m.

Sunday 3rd November, 1918

Up at 7.30 a.m. and had breakfast. On parade 9.15 a.m., roll call and orders, some chaps expecting to go aboard ship soon now. All the chaps who dodged inocculation yesterday were done this morning, the rest dismissed at 10.30 a.m. Had game of bridge till dinner time when received a couple of letters from Mam. After dinner Will and Mitch and I went into Plymouth, had afternoon tea on pier then a walk round and I caught tram at 6.45 p.m. back to camp, got in 8 p.m. and into bed 9 p.m.

Monday 4th November, 1918

Up at 7.30 a.m., raining very hard, did not go on parade this morning as rained too hard so wrote a letter to Dais. On parade for pay at 2 p.m., still raining, got 2 pounds after waiting nearly two hours. Stormier than ever after tea so made up my mind to

Page 296 stay in. Wrote a letter to Mam, washed couple of pairs of socks and had a read till 8 p.m. when made couple of rounds of toast and then turned into bed at 9 p.m., lights out 10 p.m.

Tuesday 5th November, 1918

Up at 7.30 a.m. and on parade 9.15 a.m., our Co'y for duty so was dismissed parade after roll call. Changed some socks and got new pair riding breeches at Q.M.'s this morning. At 2 p.m. had to go on Q.M.'s fatigue and carry rations to cook house, 6 of us on it, got finished before 3 p.m. so got cleaned and went into town with Mitch. Had tea in town and then met Will who had been on duty. Had walk round then dropped into some pictures and caught 9.20 p.m. to camp and into bed at 10 p.m.

Wednesday 6th November, 1918

Up at 7.30 a.m. but had been wakened at 6 a.m. by an officer who called roll, trying to catch chaps staying out all night. Caught quite a number. On parade 9.15 a.m., roll call and sorted out again, nominal roll taken, kept standing till 11 a.m. then marched to medical hut and had medical inspection, dismissed 12 noon. On parade 2 p.m., roll call and went for route march till 4 p.m., no leave till 5 p.m. when general leave. Went into town at 6 p.m. and met Mitch and we had some "Cousin Jack Pasties", then a look round and back to camp and in bed 10 p.m. Leave from 2 p.m. stopped today through chaps staying out all night and not doing their fatigue jobs.

Thursday 7th November, 1918

Up at 7.30 a.m. and on parade 9.15 a.m., roll call and went for route march till 11.15 a.m. On parade again 2 p.m., number of men called out as submarine guards on boat going soon (160 men), am not amongst them. Rest of us went for route march and back at 4.30 p.m. About 5 p.m. whistles and hooters started to go and some guns were fired, told that fritz had signed the Armistice on our terms. Went into town with Will and Austin, the town packed with people and great excitement, can't get confirmation officially of the news. Back at camp and into bed 10.30 p.m.

Friday 8th November, 1918

Up at 7.30 a.m. and on parade 9.15 a.m., was detailed for four days cookhouse fatigue with several others. Reported at cookhouse and told nothing doing, come back at 11 a.m. Went again 11 a.m., still nothing to do, went again 2 p.m. and spent couple of hours cutting up onions for stew. After tea had read then had game of billiards in Army and Navy Canteen, then went in to concert in Y.M.C.A., after which went to hut and after a yarn and shave turned into bed at 9.30 p.m.

Page 297 Saturday 9th November, 1918

Up at 7.30 a.m. and went on sick parade 9 a.m. as I want to see dentist, told to report Monday morning. Did not go to cookhouse as no-one knows whats what and its just a nuisance. Received letter from Dais, two from Mam and one from Peggy who has been delayed from sailing. Had read this afternoon, handed in our blankets and had them re-issued. After tea went into town with Will and friends, went into some pictures, then had fish and chips followed by sausages and spuds and back at camp and in bed 10.30 p.m.

Sunday 10th November, 1918

Up at 7.30 a.m. and on parade 9.15 a.m., roll call and had short route march and then medical inspection after which dismissed for dinner. This afternoon Will and I went into town, intended to have bath but could not get one today. Had tea and a look round, feel a bit miserable with nothing to do, so caught car home about 7 p.m. Walked part of the way to pass time away and got back to camp and into bed 9 p.m. Another lot of 1914 chaps arrived here last night.

Monday 11th November, 1918

Up at 7 a.m. shaved and had breakfast then got pass and went to Devonport Military Hospital to see dentist. On the way in buzzers, whistles on our ships all started blowing, terrific noise at 9.10 a.m. It was the news come through of signing of Armistice terms by Fritz, great excitement. Saw dentist and had tooth filled and away by 11 a.m. Stayed in Devonport for little while then went on to Plymouth, called in restaurant for dinner and was given glass of port wine and had dinner free. The place a seething mass of people all gone mad. Caught 10.30 p.m. tram and in bed 11 p.m.

Tuesday 12th November, 1918

Up at 7.30 a.m. and on parade 9.15 a.m., nearly got pinched over my four days cookhouse fatigue that I didn't do. Had roll call and went for route march, back and dismissed 11.30 a.m. when had cup tea with Will in Y.M.C.A. On parade again 2 p.m., roll call then route march and after that a 2nd inocculation against influenza. From what the Major told us on parade, believe we will soon be getting aboard ship. Went into Devonport and wired bank for some money as am broke. Back and went to concert in Y.M.C.A., very good. Into bed 10 p.m.

Wednesday 13th November, 1918

Up at 7.30 a.m. and on parade 9.30 a.m., roll call and orders then dozen of us sent down to station on fatigue work unloading vegetables from Rly truck into G.S. Wagon. Finished at 12 noon and had dinner, then got pass and went into Plymouth to the Bank but found my money 4 pounds had not arrived so went back to camp for

Page 298 tea as had not enough money to get it in town. Spent a very quiet evening and turned in 9.30 p.m. W. Hill in camp hospital with Tonsilitis.

Thursday 14th November, 1918

Up at 7.30 a.m. and on parade 9.30 a.m., roll call and then marched into Y.M.C.A. hut and heard lecture by Capt. Thomas Imp. Army on our strategy during the war, it was very intensely interesting and we were sorry when it was over at 12 noon. On parade again at 2 p.m., roll call and then marched to a field near by and watched football match, soon slid off to hut as it was too cold. My money arrived today so after tea went into town and had good feed and a yarn at restaurant and back at camp and to bed 10 p.m.

Friday 15th November, 1918

Up at 7.30 a.m. and on parade 9.30 a.m., roll call and went for route march till 11 a.m. Will is much better so took him to confectioners near by and we had morning tea and cakes, very nice. On parade again at 2 p.m. and went for route march till 4.30 p.m. when got cleaned and as was feeling very hungry went straight into town and had couple of eggs and some lovely bacon with scones and tea, a bit expensive but was worth it for once. Back to camp and into bed 10 p.m.

Saturday 16th November, 1918

Up at 7.30 a.m. and on parade 9 a.m., roll call and went for short route march till 10.30 a.m. Had dinner early, 11.45 a.m. and was on parade 12.30 noon and marched to field near by where Y.M.C.A. had arranged some sports. Sports did not prove great success, not enough interest so went back to camp. Wrote letter and after tea went into town and met Will and Austin, had feed again then a walk round, all the shops lit up now. Had fish and chips for supper and at camp and in bed 10 p.m.

Sunday 17th November, 1918

Up at 7.30 a.m. and had just had breakfast when was warned to be on parade for picquet at 8.45 a.m. Went on parade, had roll call and dismissed till 8.30 p.m. Spent the day in writing letters and keeping warm as it has turned very cold this last few days. Did not leave camp till went on picquet at 8.30 p.m. at tram terminus St. Budeaux. Supposed to stay till 11 p.m. but left at 10 p.m., nothing doing and went to bed.

Monday 18th November, 1918

Up at 7.30 a.m. and on parade 9 a.m., roll call and then route march round Saltash till 11.15 a.m. when dismissed. Did some washing before dinner, very cold day

Page 299 again. On parade at 2 p.m., roll call and were dismissed at once. Expect to go aboard some time during next three days. Parade at 2 p.m. and dismissed. Will, Mitch and myself set out for town at 4 p.m., lady living near camp stopped us and asked us to tea. Had nice tea, also had a good hot bath then played cards till supper time after which went to camp and into bed 10 p.m. Mrs Daymond, lady's name.

Tuesday 19th November, 1918

Up at 7.30 a.m. and on parade 9 a.m., roll call and some men picked out for boat. Had lecture from Col. Woods and told all leave from camp stopped, then went for route march. On parade again 2 p.m. and had sham kit inspection, all a farce, just kept hanging round parade ground, evening leave open again. Will, Austin, Mitch and I went to town and had tea, then had a walk round. The others went to supper at friends of Austin's so I went back to restaurant, the people of which are very nice to me, and played whist, had supper and into bed at camp 10.30 p.m.

Wednesday 20th November, 1918

Up at 7.30 a.m. and on parade 9 a.m., roll call and after standing about for a while were dismissed. Sat reading till dinner time. On parade again at 2 p.m. and after a short lecture from Col. Woods were dismissed to huts while the officers came round and checked the names of all the men. Got shaved and cleaned and went into town and booked seat at Palace Variety Show, went to first house at 6.40 p.m. It was pretty good and I enjoyed it, came out at 8.30 p.m., had supper and went back to camp and in bed 10 p.m.

Thursday 21st November, 1918

Up at 7 a.m. and had breakfast. Our Co'y for duty, 12 of us warned for guard for next 24 hours. Relieved old guard at 9 a.m. and I took first 2 hours on No. 2 Post. Finished at 11 a.m., had to stay in Guard Room all day and went on for my second shift at 7 p.m., finishing at 9 p.m. and turning in. While doing 7 to 9 p.m. shift on No. 2 Post spent nearly half of it in Y.M.C.A. as there was nothing doing and it was bitterly cold night. Have been put on D.29 Boat Roll today.

Friday 22nd November, 1918

Up at 7 a.m., had breakfast then we cleaned Guard Room out before being relieved at 9 a.m. by fresh guard. Went to our hut and sat round stove talking till dinner time. On parade at 2 p.m., roll call and kept waiting about for an hour then dismissed at 4 p.m. Went into Devonport and had bath at Sailors Rest then went on to Plymouth, had tea and met Will and we went to pictures for couple of hours. Came out, had supper and back to camp and bed by 10.30 p.m.

Page 300 Saturday 23rd November, 1918

Up at 7.30 a.m. and on parade 9.30 a.m., roll call and then sorted and checked on boat rolls. Am on D.29 with Will, told we will be leaving Monday. Dismissed at 11.30 a.m. and had cup tea at Y.M.C.A. No parade this afternoon so wrote some postcards then got cleaned before tea. Met Will and Mitch at 6 p.m. and we went into town to some pictures then had supper and went to station to catch 10.5 p.m. train, could not get on it as it was packed so got 10.30 p.m. and got to camp and into bed 11.15 p.m.

Sunday 24th November, 1918

Up at 7.30 a.m. and had breakfast, raining very hard so did not have a parade. Told unofficially that our boat, D.29 is cancelled. Had letter from Peggy saying going aboard today. Miserable wet all day till 6 p.m. when saw Will and Mitch and we went into town. Will and Mitch went to some friends and I went to a restaurant where the people were very nice to me and sat talking when met Will and we caught 9.30 p.m. to camp.

Monday 25th November, 1918

Up at 7.30 a.m., not going aboard as we thought. Our Co'y for duty, was given job on mail fatigue and had to go with mail orderly to Post Office at 9 a.m. to bring back the mails, finished at 10 a.m. On parade 2 p.m., roll call and dismissed, had game of Bridge then got cleaned and Will, Mitch and I walked into Plymouth. Rather a nice night, had tea and cakes at Salv. Army, Devonport. Came home by car at 9 p.m. and into bed at 10 p.m.

Tuesday 26th November, 1918

Up at 7.30 a.m. and on parade 9.30 a.m., raining again today, roll call and kept hanging about till 10.30 a.m. when dismissed to huts and a record taken of all hut utensils. Had game of bridge till dinner time, getting real fed up with this place. On parade again 2 p.m., roll call and kept hanging about again, then dismissed and had cup of tea in Y.M.C.A. After tea went into town with Will, had walk round and back and in bed 9.30 p.m.

Wednesday 27th November, 1918

Up at 7.30 a.m. and on parade 9.30 a.m., roll call and route march till 11.15 a.m., dinner 12.30 noon. On parade again at 2 p.m. and another route march till 3.45 p.m. Weather very damp and getting cold. After tea went into town, had a feed and then went into some pictures for couple of hours, returning to camp by 10.5 p.m. train and into bed by 10.30 p.m. Getting awfully monotonous.

Page 301 Thursday 28th November, 1918

Up at 7.30 a.m. and on parade 9.30 a.m. My 28th birthday today. Kept hanging about on muddy parade ground till nearly 11 a.m. then dismissed. Same thing again on 2 p.m. parade. After tea Will, Mitch and I went into town, had a look at some pictures then had supper in honour of my birthday, rolls and coffee, very elaborate indeed, but cash not too plentiful. Back to camp and into bed 10.30 p.m.

Friday 29th November, 1918

Up at 7.30 a.m. and on parade 9.30 a.m. Our Co'y for duty, was detailed off for town picquet so wrote letter to Dais. this morning. Went on picquet at tram terminus at 12.30 noon and relieved about 4 p.m. Caught car into Devonport and had bath then had tea at Salv. Army after which had hair cut and went to some pictures. Came out, caught tram to St. Budeaux and into bed at 10 p.m.

Saturday 30th November, 1918

Up at 7.30 a.m. and on parade 9.30 a.m., roll call and route march till 11.15 a.m. Had cup of tea and sandwich at Y.M.C.A. Half holiday this afternoon so wrote letter home. After tea went into town and met Will, afterwards met some friends and was invited to supper at Torpoint at house of retired merchant service Capt. Spent very pleasant and quiet evening, invited to dinner tomorrow. Home at camp and in bed 11 p.m. Torpoint is on other side of river Tamar and is in Cornwall.

Sunday 1st December, 1918

Up at 7.30 a.m. and had breakfast, did not have parade this morning, camp open from 12 noon so walked to Devonport, caught ferry across river and went to my friends at Torpoint for dinner. Had a lovely dinner and sat yarning all afternoon, very misty and miserable day. Had a splendid tea and left at 8.45 p.m., caught 9 p.m. boat and back at camp 9.45 p.m. with a large Cornish Pasty and some jam tarts in my pocket for breakfast in morning. Into bed 10 p.m.

Monday 2nd December, 1918

Up at 7.30 a.m. and on parade 9.30 a.m., a muster parade, boat roll for D34 called out, am on it. Kept standing in rain till 12 noon then had dinner and on parade again 2 p.m., roll called and marched off for medical inspection which lasted till 4.30 p.m. Went into town after tea and met Mrs. Blake and her sister, the friends I had dinner and tea with yesterday, and as a little return took them to the pictures. A very wet night, saw them to the ferry and caught tram to camp and into bed at 11 p.m.

Page 302 Tuesday 3rd December, 1918

Reveille at 6 a.m. and breakfast 6.30 a.m., handed in blankets and big kit bags and on parade with sea kits at 7.45 a.m., roll call and sorting out and started on march to docks, headed by a band of the Devons at 9 a.m. Reached the docks at 10 a.m. and after being checked over got on board, our ship D34 the S.S. Port Hacking, not a very large boat but seems pretty comfortable. Had good dinner and tea on board, issued with hammocks and blankets and started to settle down. Had a read after tea and into my hammock at 8.30 p.m.

Wednesday 4th December, 1918

Still alongside the wharf, got up at 6.30 a.m. and had breakfast at 8 a.m. then a walk round deck, very dismal wet day. Dinner 12 noon and at 12.15 pulled out from wharf and anchored in sound just off Plymouth Hoe till 6.30 p.m. when steamed out. Boat pitching a good bit, but don't mind as have started for home and those I love. About 800 of us on board, quarters not bad and up to present tucker is very good. Y.M.C.A. put a piano on board just before we sailed. Had a read this evening and into my hammock at 8.30 p.m. Saw U126 as we steamed out.

Thursday 5th December, 1918

Up at 6.30 a.m. and had wash before the rush then on deck, saw three steamers, one very large supposed to be the "Leviathon" late "Vaterland". Our boat rolling heavily and not getting along too fast, lot of the boys sea sick. Feel a bit thick in the head, but not sick at all. Believe we reached Bay of Biscay today. Tucker very good. Was warned for guard tonight but managed to slip out of it. Had game of cards after tea and then into my hammock at 10.30 p.m.

Friday 6th December, 1918

Up just after 6 a.m. and up on deck, still dull weather but milder. Didn't see only the smoke of one steamer today very long way off. Lot of the boys still sick. Ship rolled much worse today, plates, tins etc. flying all over the place. Paraded and were shown our boat stations in case of accident or fire, also were issued with overalls and deck shoes. Had a sleep and read in my hammock after dinner. Reading again and a game of cards after tea and in my hammock for the night at 10 p.m.

Saturday 7th December, 1918

Up at 6 a.m. had a wash and up on deck for a blow before breakfast, sighted two tramp steamers long way off. Breakfast at 8 a.m. Parade at 10 a.m. and orders read out, just to keep us all on deck while inspection below, not allowed below between 10 a.m. and 11 a.m. Spent afternoon reading and walking round deck, saw another tramp steamer, passed pretty close to us. Had game of cards after tea and into my hammock at 10 p.m. Rolled very badly today.

Page 303 Sunday 8th December, 1918

Up at 6 a.m. and had wash and on deck for blow before breakfast. Sighted two more tramp steamers at 10 a.m. Fell in on parade and had a Church service for half an hour. Sighted another tramp steamer this afternoon, passed close to us and was rolling heavily. We are not rolling quite so much today. Altered our course at 8 a.m. and went due west. Had a quiet read till tea time when warned for guard. On guard on troop deck 10 p.m. till midnight when turned in.

Monday 9th December, 1918

Got up at 5 a.m. and had a nice cold salt shower, enjoyed it fine, had clean change and on deck 6 a.m. Land in sight on both sides, running into straits of Gibraltar. Sighted Tangiers on Morrocan coast and when in sight of Gibraltar were ordered in by Torpedo boat, did not go alongside wharf but had good view of "Rock". Naval tug came alongside and asked lot of questions and gave skipper instructions after which we steamed on our way. On guard today on deck, did four hours. Lovely day and saw schools of porpoises. Lay on deck this evening and turned in at 10 p.m.

Tuesday 10th December, 1918

Up at 6.30 a.m., had wash and on deck for blow before breakfast. After breakfast got a job in the Red Cross store room, better than doing guards. Was busy unpacking cases till 11 a.m. and getting a list of books for Hospital use. After dinner did some washing and tied it on ships rail to dry, sitting near reading so I could see no one pinched it. Not so warm today though very nice and sea quite calm. Sighted land on Starboard this afternoon again, part of African coast. Had an impromptu concert on deck this evening and into my hammock 10 p.m.

Wednesday 11th December, 1918

Got up at 6.30 a.m. and had a blow on deck before breakfast. At 9.30 a.m. went to see if wanted in Red Cross store, but nothing doing so spent morning reading, caught sight of land in the distance, African Coast I believe. Saw couple of steamers a long way off. After dinner had game Bridge till tea time and after tea again played auction Bridge and learnt Will the game. Been blowing hard today and sea choppy making boat roll a good bit again. Turned into my hammock at 10 p.m.

Thursday 12th December, 1918

Up at 6.30 a.m. and had blow on deck before breakfast. At 9.30 a.m. went to Red Cross store in Aft Hold and opened a case and got some flannel bandages out for use in hospital then had game of 500's till dinner time. After dinner played Auction bridge till tea time. Very blowy today and sea fairly rough, shipped some seas and some of boys got a free bath. Altered our course and run before the wind making

Page 304 ship ride easier. Believe we are passing somewhere round Malta, saw lighthouse in distance. Wrote letter this evening and in hammock 10 p.m.

Friday 13th December, 1918

Up at 6.30 a.m. and had a blow on deck, weather not too warm and strong wind blowing. Nothing doing at Red X store this morning so sat on deck reading till dinner time. This afternoon watched a boxing contest between one of our chaps and a ships fireman, not bad, our chap won in fifth round, couple of preliminary bouts. Had game of cards till tea time after which had turn on deck, then another read and into my hammock at 9.30 p.m.

Saturday 14th December, 1918

Up at 6.30 a.m. and on deck for a blow, very nice morning but we ran into a rain squall about 10 a.m. Had nothing to do this morning so sat reading. Turned out a lovely afternoon so slung my hammock and went to sleep till tea time. Time is beginning to drag a bit but hope to reach Port Said tomorrow or day after which will liven things up a bit. Concert on deck tonight but did not go as it has turned chilly and is too cold to stand. Wrote a letter and turned in at 9 p.m.

Sunday 15th December, 1918

Up at 6.30 a.m. and on deck for a blow. AFter breakfast did a bit of straightening up for half an hour in Red X store. Had a Church Parade on aft main deck at 10.15 a.m., weather a bit squally, rain at intervals. This afternoon did some letter writing ready for when we reach Port Said. After tea sat down below reading and singing hymns till 9 p.m. when got into my hammock and asleep at 9.30 p.m.

Monday 16th December, 1918

Thunder and lightning pretty heavy early this morning and wind very high, also rained heavily, sighted a steamer on Port side. Nothing doing after breakfast so sat reading till dinner time. Siren blew boat stations at 2 p.m., only a practice alarm, after which put up my hammock and lay reading, rained very heavily for an hour before tea. Expect to reach Port Said in morning. Had game cards this evening till 9.30 p.m. and then turned in.

Tuesday 17th December, 1918

Up at 5.30 a.m., very squally on deck and ship going dead slow, does not want to reach Port till a bit light I think. Rather rough this morning, saw three shps that had been sunk just outside Port Said, masts showing. Anchored in entrance of Canal at 12 noon. S.S. Somerset had arrived few hours ahead of us, left England after us. Bought oranges etc. from boats alongside. Somerset left at 5 p.m. Saw two

Page 305 Japanese destroyers. Got our headlight on and got away again at 11 p.m. and I then turned in.

Wednesday 18th December, 1918

Up at 5 a.m. and on deck, moving through the Canal. Passed Serapeum at 6.30 a.m., strong breeze and rather chilly. Muster Parade at 9.30 a.m. as some chaps sneaked ashore last night and have missed the boat. Saw some fine flying by aeroplanes just before we reached Suez. Anchored off Suez at 12 noon and got word 70 Light Horsemen (1914) were coming on board. Turned out a lovely day. 70 new chaps came aboard at 6 p.m., taking on stores and water when I turned in at 9.30 p.m.

Thursday 19th December, 1918

Up at 6 a.m. and had a walk round deck, took on more stores again this morning and eventually weighed anchor and got away at 10 a.m. The new chaps on board have made the boat pretty full. Got very warm today and the boys started casting their clothing. Ship seems to be making good speed. Read and loafed the day away. Beautiful after tea, nice cool breeze so sat talking on deck till 9 p.m. when went below and turned in.

Friday 20th December, 1918

Up at 5 a.m. this morning and had a Salt shower (cold) and a rinse with fresh water then a turn round the deck before breakfast. Very warm again today, sat on deck reading all morning and part of afternoon. Had a debate on the White Aust. Policy at 3 p.m., not bad at all. Put up a record of speed today for the trip so far (284 miles in the past 24 hours). After tea had walk round deck, saw couple of ships pass, then talked on deck till turned in 9 p.m.

Saturday 21st December, 1918

Up at 5.30 a.m. and had a shower bath and trot on deck. Saw schools of porpoises. Very warm day again but nice breeze sprang up later. After dinner watched some boxing bouts and then lay on deck in shade and read a book. Did two miles more on days run today then yesterday. Sat yarning after tea in cool of evening and then slung my hammock on deck and turned in at 10 p.m.

Sunday 22nd December, 1918

Up at 6 a.m., too many waiting to get a shower this morning. Had a roam round deck before breakfast. Sat in shade reading all morning. Sun very hot but pretty strong breeze blowing today. Slept and read the afternoon away. Four years today

Page 306 since left Aust. After tea wind rose to nearly a gale but I slung hammock on deck again and turned in at 9 p.m.

Monday 23rd December, 1918

Up at 6 a.m., did not get a shower again this morning. Passed the islands known as the 12 Apostles before breakfast (Barren Rocks in the Red Sea). Blowing a gale today and sheets of spray sweeping over the boat. Saw three large steamers before dinner. This afternoon watched the boxing for the competition, two good bouts. Sighted and passed between two islands after tea known as Hells Gates, also saw a large passenger steamer, still blowing very hard. Turned in at 10 p.m.

Tuesday 24th December, 1918

Up at 6 a.m. and had a turn round deck then breakfast, tucker still keeps very good. Spent morning reading on deck, very nice day and breeze beautiful. Just after dinner Major MacPherson, O.C. of troops on ship, shot himself through the heart in his cabin. Thrown a gloom over ship as he was very well liked, only young chap of 26, very sad indeed. Spent quiet Xmas eve. Paraded at 8 p.m. and at 8.30 p.m. ship stopped and the burial of the Major, our late O.C. took place. Turned in at 9.30 p.m.

Wednesday 25th December, 1918

My 5th Xmas from home. Up at 5 a.m., had salt shower, turn round deck and then lay down again till 7 a.m. Breakfast at 8 a.m., had chops. Ship stopped about 9 a.m. for about an hour, small breakdown in Engine room. Given a pipe, card and 90 Cigarettes each from ship. Had very good dinner, soup, Fresh Pork, Vegetables, Duff, nuts, Dates, Oranges, got bursting full. Had to lay down and have a sleep this afternoon. Just after tea passed island of Socotra, beautiful day again. Had church service at 10.45 a.m., very nice one. Turned in at 10 p.m.

Thursday 26th December, 1918

Up at 6 a.m., made myself a cup of tea and had turn on deck. Spent whole day reading and yarning till tea time. The breeze keeps steady, rising a bit at night time, but making the heat more bearable. After tea had game of cards and a blow on deck before turning in at 9.30 p.m. The trip is beginning to get dull and uninteresting.

Friday 27th December, 1918

Up at 6 a.m., had a shower, made cup of tea and a walk round deck before breakfast. Was reading on deck all morning. After dinner we had some boxing then had a nap till tea time. After tea played cards and had a blow on deck. Looks like rain tonight, also wind is rising pretty strong. Turned in at 9.30 p.m.

Page 307 Saturday 28th December, 1918

Up at 6 a.m., had a shower, made cup of tea and had walk round before breakfast. Reading nearly all morning. After dinner had a sleep in my hammock. Saw some flying fish today. Wind pretty strong all day. Am geting very tired of this trip, will be glad when we reach our next port of call "Colombo", expect about Wednesday next. Sat on deck talking after tea and turned in at 10 p.m.

Sunday 29th December, 1918

Up at 6.15 a.m. and went on deck, terribly stuffy and hot below, not sufficient ventilation. Had cup of tea and walk round before breakfast. Church parade at 10.45 a.m. Spent rest of day till tea time reading and talking on deck. After tea had yarn on deck and then played cards down below till turned in at 9.30 p.m. Not room for us all to sleep on deck.

Monday 30th December, 1918

Up at 5.30 a.m., had a shower and on deck and made cup of tea. Suffocating down below last night, will try and get place on deck tonight. At 10 a.m. had pay parade and got 2 pounds. Gave my name in for proposed trip to Kandy when we get to Colombo, about Wed. night next. Did some washing after dinner while boxing bouts on. Very hot, quite wet through with perspiration. After tea had game cards and blow on deck and turned in 10 p.m.

Tuesday 31st December, 1918

Up at 6.15 a.m., made cup of tea and had walk on deck till breakfast time. Spent morning reading and after dinner had a nap till 3 p.m. when listened to a debate on the Prohibition question, very interesting. After tea had blow on deck and then played cards till turned in at 10 p.m.

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1919 Wednesday 1st January, 1919

Up at 6.30 a.m. and on deck as usual, spent both morning and afternoon playing cards, sighted a steamer after dinner. Expect to reach Colombo tonight, very windy and rained hard this morning. Anchored in harbour Colombo about 8 p.m. and started coaling at 11 p.m.

Thursday 2nd January, 1919

Coaling and taking on water etc. all day. Very little sleep last night on a/c of noise. Place quarantined so cannot have our trip to Kandy, very disappointing. Very hot day, turned in 11 p.m.

Friday 3rd January, 1919

Coaling all last night and part of this morning. Steamed out at 12 noon, very hot day again, hardly any breeze. Played cards and read all day and turned in at 9.30 p.m.

Saturday 4th January, 1919

Up at 6 a.m., had bath and on deck. Very hot day again, geting near equator. Reading this morning. After dinner cut down my slacks into shorts, sewed them up and put pocket on. Had game cards after tea and turned in 10 p.m.

Sunday 5th January, 1919

Up at 6 a.m., had shower and walk on deck. Was reading all morning, played cards after dinner and had an impromptu concert this evening. Lot of the boys were ducked in large canvas bath as we crossed line today. Turned in at 9 p.m., very hot and muggy.

Monday 6th January, 1919

Up at 6 a.m., very stuffy down below. Sat reading this morning, rained quite sharply and cooled the air a bit. Played cards after dinner and after tea washed my overall coat and shorts then turned in at 9 p.m.

Tuesday 7th January, 1919

Up at 5.30 a.m. had shave and bath and on deck. Much cooler and pleasanter today. Reading most of morning. Played cards this afternoon and same after tea, turning in at 10 p.m. Trip very monotonous.

Page 310 Wednesday 8th January, 1919

Up at 6 a.m. and on deck reading and playing cards all day, concert this evening and into bed 10 p.m. Weather getting much cooler.

Thursday 9th January, 1919

Up at 6 a.m., had heavy rain during night. Played cards this morning, boxing tourney after dinner and cards after tea again, into bed 10 p.m.

Friday 10th January, 1919

Up at 5 a.m., shaved, had bath and on deck. Had game cards after inspection. After dinner had read in my hammock then a sleep. Played cards after tea and into bed 9.30 p.m.

Saturday 11th January, 1919

Up at 5.30 a.m. and had bath and on deck, sea got bit of roll on and boat rocking. Had quiet day reading and talking and turned in 9 p.m.

Sunday 12th January, 1919

Up at 6 a.m. and on deck, boat tossing pretty wildly. Did some packing in Red X store this morning, got into my hammock and read after dinner, yarning all evening and in bed 10 p.m.

Monday 13th January, 1919

Up at 6 a.m. and on deck, ship rolling worse than ever. Packing stores up after breakfast till midday. At 2 p.m. all Vict'ns had photo taken for our paper the "Hacking Cough". Did little more packing before tea. Lay in hammock reading after tea and fell asleep 9 p.m.

Tuesday 14th January, 1919

Up at 6 a.m. and on deck after breakfast. Was packing stores in Red X store till dinner time. Had sleep after dinner and after tea played cards and read till 9 p.m. when turned in. Weather rather chilly and boat rolling.

Page 311 Wednesday 15th January, 1919

Up at 6 a.m. and on deck, rather cool, turned out lovely day. Packing stores all morning. Had sleep and read after dinner and had concert this evening. 450 miles from Albany at 12 noon. Turned in 9 p.m.

Thursday 16th January, 1919

Up at 5.30 a.m. and on deck, sighted West coast Aust. about 10 a.m. Packing stores all morning. Had sleep after dinner and played cards after tea, turned in 9.30 p.m.

Friday 17th January, 1919

Up at 6 a.m., dropped anchor in bay at Albany at 6.30 a.m. W. Aust'ns disembarked at 10.30 a.m. and at 12 noon we steamed out again for Melb. Weather rather rough and boat nearly rolling over, some fun. Played cards after tea and in bed 10 p.m.

Saturday 18th January, 1919

Up at 6 a.m., sea rather rough and boat rolling badly all day. Spent day packing in Red X store, reading and playing cards and turned in 10 p.m.

Sunday 19th January, 1919

Up at 6 a.m., still rough, more packing till dinner time. Sewed rosettes issued to us on my tunic after dinner then had sleep. Played cards after tea and in bed at 10.30 p.m.

Monday 20th January, 1919

Up at 6 a.m. and had a look through my kit. Boat still rolling heavily. On parade 2 p.m., orders issued, played cards after tea and into bed 10 p.m.

Tuesday 21st January, 1919

Up 6 a.m. and on deck, weather calming a little, quiet morning. On parade 2 p.m. and had kit inspection till tea time. Played cards after tea and in bed 10 p.m.

Wednesday 22nd January, 1919

Up at 6 a.m. and on deck. Finished packing up today. Medical inspection at 10 a.m., also sighted coast line. Pay parade at 2 p.m. and about 7 p.m. sighted Port

Page 312 Phillip Heads, passing through the Rip about 8 p.m. and anchoring off Quarantine Station Portsea. Turned in 11 p.m.

Thursday 23rd January, 1919

Reveille 5.30 a.m., up, packed kit together, handed in Blankets, Hammocks etc. and paraded on deck for Quarantine Officers inspection. After a deal of trouble we are put in Quarantine till Monday for some reason unknown as sickness on board has been practically nil, very disappointed. Saw Hygeia go by. Issuing Red Cross fruit etc. this afternoon and played cards after tea. Turned in 10 p.m. Blanketless for good reasons. Sent wires.

Friday 24th January, 1919

Up at 6 a.m. and on deck. Dais's birthday. More fruit came today, very busy distributing it. Received couple letters, wrote one home and turned in 9.30 p.m.

Saturday 25th January, 1919

Up at 6 a.m. and on deck. More fruit etc. came aboard after breakfast, kept pretty busy. A great amount of gambling going on and some big sums changing hands. Was glad when bed time came and I rolled off to sleep about 10 p.m.

Sunday 26th January, 1919

Up at 5 a.m. and on deck. After breakfast sorted out some fruit and issued it to boys, packed up a few things that are to remain on board. Had a sleep after dinner and after tea had bath and clean up ready for morning. Turned in at 10 p.m.

Monday 27th January, 1919

Reveille at 4.30 a.m. Steaming up bay, got all ready to disembark and had breakfast at 6 a.m. Paraded on deck at 7.30 and had roll call and orders. Alongside New Pier at 7.45 a.m. Disembarked at 9 a.m. and taken to Sturt St. in motor where met Dais., Mam, Dorothy and Frank. Got fixed up and went home.

Finis.

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