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Law, Counsel, and Commonwealth: Languages of Power in the Early English Reformation
Law, Counsel, and Commonwealth: Languages of Power in the Early English Reformation Christine M. Knaack Doctor of Philosophy University of York History April 2015 2 Abstract This thesis examines how power was re-articulated in light of the royal supremacy during the early stages of the English Reformation. It argues that key words and concepts, particularly those involving law, counsel, and commonwealth, formed the basis of political participation during this period. These concepts were invoked with the aim of influencing the king or his ministers, of drawing attention to problems the kingdom faced, or of expressing a political ideal. This thesis demonstrates that these languages of power were present in a wide variety of contexts, appearing not only in official documents such as laws and royal proclamations, but also in manuscript texts, printed books, sermons, complaints, and other texts directed at king and counsellors alike. The prose dialogue and the medium of translation were employed in order to express political concerns. This thesis shows that political languages were available to a much wider range of participants than has been previously acknowledged. Part One focuses on the period c. 1528-36, investigating the role of languages of power during the period encompassing the Reformation Parliament. The legislation passed during this Parliament re-articulated notions of the realm’s social order, creating a body politic that encompassed temporal and spiritual members of the realm alike and positioning the king as the head of that body. Writers and theorists examined legal changes by invoking the commonwealth, describing the social hierarchy as an organic body politic, and using the theme of counsel to acknowledge the king’s imperial authority. -
About the Authors
About the Authors Moira Ferguson was born in Glasgow, Scotland, and took a B.A. at the University of London and a Ph.D. at the University of Washing- ton. She is an associate professor of English at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln and former chairwoman of women's studies. She has been a fellow of the Henry E. Huntington Library and has received an American Council of Learned Societies Award and an American Association of University Women Founders Fellowship. Her scholarly articles and reviews have appeared in such journals as Philological Quarterly, Minnesota Review, Signs, English Language Notes, Romantic Movement, Wordsworth Circle, Victorian Studies^ and Women's Studies International Forum. She is the compiler and editor of First Feminists: British Women Writers 1578-1799 (1983). She is currently preparing a study of women's protest writings in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Janet Todd, fellow of Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge, was born in Llandrindod-Wells, Wales. She took a B.A. at the University of Cambridge and a Ph.D. at the University of Florida. From 1964 to 1967 she taught in Ghana, mainly at the University of Cape Coast, and from 1972 to 1974 at the University of Puerto Rico. Since then, until 1983, she was professor of English at Rutgers University. She has been the recipient of NEH and ACLS awards and of a Guggen- heim Fellowship. Her books include In Adam's Garden: A Study of John Clare's Pre-Asylum Poetry (1973), A Wollstonecraft Anthology (1977), Women's Friendship in Literature (1980), and, with M. -
II. Hannah More: Concise Biography
DISSERTATION Titel der Dissertation HANNAH MORE: MORALIZING THE BRITISH NATION Verfasserin Mag. phil. Helga-Maria Kopecky angestrebter akademischer Grad Doktorin der Philosophie (Dr. phil.) Wien, 2014 Studienkennzahl lt. Studienblatt: A 092 343 Dissertationsgebiet lt. Studienblatt: Anglistik und Amerikanistik Betreut von: o. Univ. Prof. Dr. Margarete Rubik 2 For Gerald ! 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my great appreciation to those who assisted me in various ways in this project: to my first supervisor, o. Professor Dr. Margarete Rubik, for guiding me patiently and with never ending encouragement and friendliness through a difficult matter with her expertise; to my second supervisor, ao. Professor Dr. Franz Wöhrer, for his valuable feedback; to the English and American Studies Library as well as the Inter-loan Department of the Library of the University of Vienna; the National Library of Australia; and last, but certainly not least, to my family. It was their much appreciated willingness to accept an absent wife, mother and grandmother over a long period, which ultimately made this work at all possible. Thank you so much! 4 Of all the principles that can operate upon the human mind, the most powerful is – Religion. John Bowles 5 Table of Contents page I. Introduction General remarks ……………………………………………………. 9 Research materials ………………………………………………... 12 Aims of this thesis ………………………………………………… 19 Arrangement of individual chapters ...…………………………... 22 II. Hannah More: Concise Biography Early Years in Bristol ……………………………………………….. 24 The London Experience and the Bluestockings ………………... 26 Return to Bristol and New Humanitarian Interests ................... 32 The Abolitionist .......................................................................... 34 Reforming the Higher Ranks ..................................................... 36 The Tribute to Patriotism ........................................................... 40 Teaching the Poor: Schools for the Mendips ............................ -
Enlightenment and Dissent No.29 Sept
ENLIGHTENMENT AND DISSENT No.29 CONTENTS Articles 1 Lesser British Jacobin and Anti-Jacobin Writers during the French Revolution H T Dickinson 42 Concepts of modesty and humility: the eighteenth-century British discourses William Stafford 79 The Invention of Female Biography Gina Luria Walker Reviews 137 Scott Mandelbrote and Michael Ledger-Lomas eds., Dissent and the Bible in Britain, c. 1650-1950 David Bebbington 140 W A Speck, A Political Biography of Thomas Paine H T Dickinson 143 H B Nisbet, Gottfried Ephraim Lessing: His Life, Works & Thought J C Lees 147 Lisa Curtis-Wendlandt, Paul Gibbard and Karen Green eds., Political Ideas of Enlightenment Women Emma Macleod 150 Jon Parkin and Timothy Stanton eds., Natural Law and Toleration in the Early Enlightenment Alan P F Sell 155 Alan P F Sell, The Theological Education of the Ministry: Soundings in the British Reformed and Dissenting Traditions Leonard Smith 158 David Sekers, A Lady of Cotton. Hannah Greg, Mistress of Quarry Bank Mill Ruth Watts Short Notice 161 William Godwin. An Enquiry Concerning Political Justice ed. with intro. Mark Philp Martin Fitzpatrick Documents 163 The Diary of Hannah Lightbody: errata and addenda David Sekers Lesser British Jacobin and Anti-Jacobin Writers during the French Revolution H T Dickinson In the late eighteenth century Britain possessed the freest, most wide-ranging and best circulating press in Europe. 1 A high proportion of the products of the press were concerned with domestic and foreign politics and with wars which directly involved Britain and affected her economy. Not surprisingly therefore the French Revolution and the French Revolutionary War, impacting as they did on British domestic politics, had a huge influence on what the British press produced in the years between 1789 and 1802. -
Women's Emancipation Through Education: the Radical Agenda of Mary Wollstonecraft (1759-1797)
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 359 085 SO 022 348 AUTHOR Roberts, Leonard H.; Pollman, Mary Jo TITLE Women's Emancipation through Education: The Radical Agenda of Mary Wollstonecraft (1759-1797). PUB DATE [92] NOTE 43p. PUB TYPE Information Analyses (070) Reports Descriptive (141) EDRS PRICE MF01/PCO2 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Educational Change; *Educational History; Educational Opportunities; Educational Philosophy; Educational Theories; Elementary Secondary Education; *Equal Education; Females; *Feminism; Sex Bias; Sex Discrimination; *Womens Education IDENTIFIERS *Wollstonecraft (Mary) ABSTRACT Two hundred years ago, Mary Wollstonecraft, the English women's rights pioneer, published her immortal work: "A Vindication of the Rights of Woman." In it she placed much ofthe blame for women's inferior political, intellectual, and socialstatus on "faulty education." In "Vindication," she offered a number of recommendations aimed at enhancing the quality of educationfor women. These included: boys and girls schooled together and sharinga curriculum rich in experiential learning, particularly in scientific studies. She advocated physical exercise and playas well as health education specifically aimed at women's needs. These andother education proposals marked her asan important progenitor of many modern and widely accepted educational innovations. Contains20 references. (Author) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best thatcan be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** -
Edmund Burke and the Common Law Tradition Reconsidered
イギリス哲学研究 第 33 号(2010 年) Edmund Burke and the Common Law Tradition Reconsidered Sora Sato Introduction: John Pocock’s ‘Edmund Burke and the Ancient Constitution’ In The Ancient Constitution and the Feudal Law (first published in 1957, reissued in 1987), J.G.A. Pocock argues: Every one of Burke’s cardinal points, as just enumerated, can be found in Hale rebuking Hobbes, in Coke rebuking James I, or in Davies rebuking the partisans of written law;... From what sources Burke derived it, and with what elements of eighteenth-century thought and his own genius he enriched it, are questions for the specialist; but that Burke’s philosophy is in great measure a revitalization of the concept of custom and the common-law tradition may be safely asserted as part of the present study’s contentions.(1) In his essay entitled ‘Burke and the Ancient Constitution’, (2) Pocock repeats his argument that Burke’s traditionalism should be understood in the context of the common law tradition, and also that Burke was aware of this tradition. At the end of this essay he also writes: in order to explain Burke’s traditionalism, there is no need to suppose more than his continued employment and highly developed understanding of certain concepts which came from the common law (as he [Burke] recognized) and were generally in use * This essay is largely based upon the present author’s MSc dissertation submitted to University of Edinburgh in August 2009. I would like to thank Professors Thomas Ahnert, Harry Dickinson, Tamotsu Nishizawa, Kenji Fujii and two anonymous referees for their valuable comments. -
Bibliography of A.F. Pollard's Writings
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF A.F. POLLARD'S WRITINGS This bibliography is not quite complete: we omitted mention of very short book reviews, and we have not been able to trace every one of Pollard's contributions to the T.L.S. As to his letters to the Editor of The Times, we only mentioned the ones consulted on behalf of our research. There has been no separate mention of Pollard's essays from the years 1915-1917, collectedly published in The Commonwealth at War (1917). The Jesuits in Poland, Oxford, 1892. D.N.B. vol. 34: Lucas, Ch. (1769-1854); Luckombe, Ph. (d. 1803); Lydiat, Th. (1572-1646). vol. 35: Macdonald, A. (1834-1886); Macdonell, A. (1762-1840); Macegan, O. (d. 1603); Macfarlan, W. (d. 1767); Macha do, R. (d. lSI I?); Mackenzie, W.B. (1806-1870); Maclean, Ch. (1788-1824); Magauran, E. (IS48-IS93); Maguire, H. (d. 1600); Maguire, N. (1460-1512). vol. 36: Manderstown, W. (ISIS-IS40); Mansell, F. (1579-166S); Marshall, W. (d. 153S); Martin, Fr. (1652-1722); Martyn, R. (d. 1483); Mascall,R. (d. 1416); Mason,]. (1503-1566); Mason, R. (1571-1635). Review :].B. Perkins, France under the Regency, London, 1892. E.H.R. 8 (1893), pp. 79 1-793. 'Sir Edward Kelley' in Lives oj Twelve Bad Men, ed. Th. Seccombe, London, 1894, pp. 34-54· BIBLIOGRAPHY OF A.F. POLLARD'S WRITINGS 375 D.N.B. vol. 37: Matcham, G. (1753-1833); Maunsfield, H. (d. 1328); Maurice, Th. (1754-1824); Maxfield, Th. (d. 1616); May, W. (d. 1560); Mayart, S. (d. 1660?); Mayers, W.F. -
John Wilkes: the Scandalous Father of Civil Liberty
John Wilkes: The Scandalous Father of Civil Liberty ARTHUR H. CASH John Wilkes THE SCANDALOUS FATHER OF CIVIL LIBERTY Yale University Press New Haven & London Published with assistance from the Annie Burr Lewis Fund and from the foundation established in memory of Philip Hamilton McMillan of the Class of 1894, Yale College. Copyright ∫ 2006 by Arthur H. Cash All rights reserved. This book may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, including illustrations, in any form (beyond that copying permitted by Sections 107 and 108 of the U.S. Copyright Law and except by reviewers for the public press), without written permission from the publishers. Set in Sabon type by Keystone Typesetting, Inc. Printed in the United States of America. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Cash, Arthur H. (Arthur Hill), 1922– John Wilkes : the scandalous father of civil liberty / Arthur H. Cash. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references (p. ) and index. isbn-13: 978-0-300-10871-2 (alk. paper) isbn-10: 0-300-10871-0 (alk. paper) 1. Wilkes, John, 1727–1797. 2. Great Britain—Politics and government—1760– 1789. 3. Freedom of the press—Great Britain—History—18th century. 4. Civil rights—Great Britain—History—18th century. 5. Politicians—Great Britain— Biography. 6. Journalists—Great Britain—Biography. I. Title. da512.w6c37 2006 941.07%3%092—dc22 2005016633 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. The paper in this book meets the guidelines for permanence and durability of the Committee on Production Guidelines for Book Longevity of the Council on Library Resources. -
A Brief Chronology of the House of Commons House of Commons Information Office Factsheet G3
Factsheet G3 House of Commons Information Office General Series A Brief Chronology of the August 2010 House of Commons Contents Origins of Parliament at Westminster: Before 1400 2 15th and 16th centuries 3 Treason, revolution and the Bill of Rights: This factsheet has been archived so the content The 17th Century 4 The Act of Settlement to the Great Reform and web links may be out of date. Please visit Bill: 1700-1832 7 our About Parliament pages for current Developments to 1945 9 information. The post-war years: 11 The House of Commons in the 21st Century 13 Contact information 16 Feedback form 17 The following is a selective list of some of the important dates in the history of the development of the House of Commons. Entries marked with a “B” refer to the building only. This Factsheet is also available on the Internet from: http://www.parliament.uk/factsheets August 2010 FS No.G3 Ed 3.3 ISSN 0144-4689 © Parliamentary Copyright (House of Commons) 2010 May be reproduced for purposes of private study or research without permission. Reproduction for sale or other commercial purposes not permitted. 2 A Brief Chronology of the House of Commons House of Commons Information Office Factsheet G3 Origins of Parliament at Westminster: Before 1400 1097-99 B Westminster Hall built (William Rufus). 1215 Magna Carta sealed by King John at Runnymede. 1254 Sheriffs of counties instructed to send Knights of the Shire to advise the King on finance. 1265 Simon de Montfort, Earl of Leicester, summoned a Parliament in the King’s name to meet at Westminster (20 January to 20 March); it is composed of Bishops, Abbots, Peers, Knights of the Shire and Town Burgesses. -
The Diaries of John Wilkes
Book review: The Diaries of John Wilkes John Wilkes (1725‐1797) is surely one of the most important and interesting political figures of the eighteenth century. A pioneering radical who championed parliamentary reform and numerous civil rights, he also had a famously colourful private life, which came to embody his public commitment to ‘liberty’ in all its forms. As such, it is remarkable that it has taken until now for his diaries to be published. As the editor of this fine new edition acknowledges, however, the diaries themselves may initially appear disappointing as a historical source. Robin Eagles even wonders out loud whether ‘diary’ may be a misnomer. ‘Dining book’ may be a more appropriate label, given that the daily entries almost exclusively record where he dined, and with whom (p.xxxii). These are not ‘journals’ in the same sense as those of his friend James Boswell. There is almost no narrative, little anecdote and nothing overt about the inner life. As Eagles argues in his introduction, the diaries ‘may say little of what he thought of it, but they do reveal much of the environment in which he lived’ (p.xii). To take a typical entry, that of 30 July 1786 reads: ‘dined at Richmond with Sir Joshua Reynolds, Miss Palmer, Mr W[illia]m Windham, Mr Cambridge, Mr Boswell, Mr Malone, Mr Courtn[e]nay, Lord Wentworth, Mr Metcalf, &c.’ (p.188). What immediately strikes the reader is the sheer extent of his acquaintance – the diaries read like a Who's Who of Georgian Britain – and the regularity with which Wilkes dines out, and in company. -
Schuler Dissertation Final Document
COUNSEL, POLITICAL RHETORIC, AND THE CHRONICLE HISTORY PLAY: REPRESENTING COUNCILIAR RULE, 1588-1603 DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Anne-Marie E. Schuler, B.M., M.A. Graduate Program in English The Ohio State University 2011 Dissertation Committee: Professor Richard Dutton, Advisor Professor Luke Wilson Professor Alan B. Farmer Professor Jennifer Higginbotham Copyright by Anne-Marie E. Schuler 2011 ABSTRACT This dissertation advances an account of how the genre of the chronicle history play enacts conciliar rule, by reflecting Renaissance models of counsel that predominated in Tudor political theory. As the texts of Renaissance political theorists and pamphleteers demonstrate, writers did not believe that kings and queens ruled by themselves, but that counsel was required to ensure that the monarch ruled virtuously and kept ties to the actual conditions of the people. Yet, within these writings, counsel was not a singular concept, and the work of historians such as John Guy, Patrick Collinson, and Ann McLaren shows that “counsel” referred to numerous paradigms and traditions. These theories of counsel were influenced by a variety of intellectual movements including humanist-classical formulations of monarchy, constitutionalism, and constructions of a “mixed monarchy” or a corporate body politic. Because the rhetoric of counsel was embedded in the language that men and women used to discuss politics, I argue that the plays perform a kind of cultural work, usually reserved for literature, that reflects, heightens, and critiques political life and the issues surrounding conceptions of conciliar rule. -
The Grenville Ministry (1763–1765): Wilkes and America
Chap 5 19/8/02 11:46 am Page 95 5 The Grenville ministry (1763–1765): Wilkes and America It was a widespread assumption in 1763 that Bute had resigned as Prime Minister with the intention of becoming George III’s secret background adviser, enjoying power without responsibility. Active politicians could not envisage any other explanation: Lord Bristol commented to Pitt that Grenville would be ‘the phantom of a prime minister’;1 and Newcastle summarised opinion at Westminster for the British ambassador at The Hague. ‘People generally think, that my Lord Bute will be minister behind the Curtain, though his Lordship absolutely denies it.’2 Bute had no intention of playing any such role, as he had assured Secretaries of State Egremont and Halifax on his resignation.3 But his sovereign would not allow him to withdraw from the political scene. George III insisted on informing and consulting him on political matters during April, at the rate of a letter a day.4 This correspondence was curtailed when the favourite went to the York- shire spa of Harrogate for the month of May, but after Bute’s return to London on 1 June the King began to use him again as his political go-between. Bute was deputed to sound opposition leaders about joining the ministry, ostensibly to fill the office of Lord President of the Council, vacant since the death of Lord Granville in January.5 Matters came to a head after George III, contrary to ‘the positive and repeated advice’ of the Triumvirate, formally instructed Egremont in mid-July to offer the post to Hardwicke, with the prospect of some office also for Newcastle.