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Hydro-Geology, Groundwater Resources and Analysis of Potential Aquifers in Malani Igneous Suite- a Case Study of Sirohi District of Rajasthan

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Hydro-Geology, Groundwater Resources and Analysis of Potential Aquifers in Malani Igneous Suite- a Case Study of Sirohi District of Rajasthan International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) Volume 7, Issue 6, November-December 2016, pp. 106–114, Article ID: IJCIET_07_06_012 Available online at http://iaeme.com/Home/issue/IJCIET?Volume=7&Issue=6 ISSN Print: 0976-6308 and ISSN Online: 0976-6316 © IAEME Publication HYDRO-GEOLOGY, GROUNDWATER RESOURCES AND ANALYSIS OF POTENTIAL AQUIFERS IN MALANI IGNEOUS SUITE- A CASE STUDY OF SIROHI DISTRICT OF RAJASTHAN Sen Hemant Research Scholar Department of Geology, M.L.S. University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India Nagori M. L. Professor, Department of Geology, M.L.S. University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India ABSTRACT Sustainable Groundwater Resources Management is t he need of the time and this aspect become crucial i n t h e w estern desertic t er rain o f R ajasthan which w itness s ca nty r ainfall. Sirohi district i s a lso a p art o f Ma lani I gneous S uite ( MIS ) a nd i n t h e d istrict MIS i s r epresented by Granites, Rhyolites and Igneous tuffs. The Main litho-units exposed in the district are Phyllites, Schists, Granite, Rhyolite, Gneisses and Alluvium. The Potential aquifers in the district are Rhyolite, Granite, Erinpura Granite, Gneisses, Phyllite and Schists. Analysis of rainfall pattern between the periods (year 2011 to 2013) reveals that there is significant year wise fluctuation in rainfall which affect groundwater recharge. Moreover t he a reas co vered w ith f air veg etation r eceive m ore r ains a s co mpared to non- vegetation portions. This is clearly witness in Mt. Abu & Pindwara Blocks of the district. The impact of rainfall on groundwater recharge have also been analysed and it is revealed that Malani I g neous S uite r o cks vi z, R hyolites a nd G ranites h ave significant w ater r etention capacity throughout the year. Thus authors concluded that the groundwater augmentation structures may be constructed largely on these potential aquifer rocks (Granite& Rhyolite). Key words: Groundwater Resources and its Management, Potential Aquifers, Malani Igneous Suite (MIS), Granite, Rhyolite. Cite this Article: Pouya Azarsa, Mahdi Hosseini, Seyed Amin Ahmadi and Prof. N.V. Ramana Rao, Enhanced Seismic Resistance of Steel Buildings Using Viscous Fluid Dampers. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 7(6), 2016, pp.106 – 114. http://iaeme.com/Home/issue/IJCIET?Volume=7&Issue=6 1. INTRODUCTION Sustainable groundwater resource management is need of the time and this aspect become crucial in the Western desertic terrain of Rajasthan which witness scanty rainfall. The success of any physical activity being planned depends upon the availability of runoff in the area, direction of flow of groundwater and the physical ch aracteristics o f t he aq uifer r ocks ( Planning r eport, G ovt. of India,2014)1. T he role and importance of groundwater in the natural water cycle has become now more recognized with the increasing http://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJCIET 106 [email protected] Sen Hemant and Nagori M.L. dependency of many human activvities on it. With increasing human interferennce with the water cycle, the groundwater i s at r i sk. T he groundwater resources are also f acin g t hreat due t o cl imate v ariability and changes. The manifestation of the implications is from local to global level. (DST, Jodhpur, 1999)2. The State of Rajasthan covering 10.4% of India’s total geographical area has only 1.16% of the total surface w ater p otential and 3.4% o f t he t otal g roundwater p otential of the co untry. In Rajasthan, groundwater is the main source of water supply for drinking and domestic uses. Approximately, 80% of drinking water needs and about 60% irrigated area depend on groundwater (CGWB, 2014)3.Today, in the state; the co ndition o f groundwater i s m uch serious because o f d epleting groundwater s tatus. B oth the quality and quantity of the available groundwater resources have reached to the alarming condition in most of the districts. Studies of the State Ground Water department (GWD) indicate that betweene 1984 to 1999, there has been an av erage d epletion i n watter l ev els r an ging f rom 0 .13 m eters t o 6.86 m eters i n 2 7 o ut o f t he 32 districts of the State, and between 2000 to 2008, it has further declined to the tune of 13.00 meter in some districts. Average water level decline of more than 3.0 meters has been observede in 13 districts of the state (SGWB, 2011)4. A large number of wells, hand pumps and even tube wells go dry in many areas during summer. T his i s t h e t i me w hen water r equirement i s m aximum. Depletion is due t o r apidly growing population, scanty and erratic precic pitation, stress on increasing irrigation facillities etc. All these problems entail p roper an d effecti ve managgement, co nservation an d r eg ulation o f groundwater resources. (DGRI, 2015)5 2. DISTRICT SIROHI: THHE STUDY AREA 2.1. Location o ꞌ ꞌꞌ o ꞌ o o ꞌ Sirohi district is located between 24 15 00 and 25 1700ꞌ ꞌ latitude and 72 16ꞌ 00 ꞌꞌand 73 11 00ꞌ ꞌ longitude covering an area of 5136 sq.km. The district is named after Sirohi town is a parrt of Jodhpur Division and is divided i nto three Sub-Divisions namely Sirohi, R eodar and Mt. Abu Administratively t h e d istrict is divided into five tehsils and five development blocks(CGWB,Sirohi,2008)6 . (Figure 1.1) Figure 1.1 Location map of the Study Area Source: www.mapsof india.com, year 2016.7 http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 107 [email protected] Hydro-Geology, Groundwater Resources and Analysis of Potential Aquifers in Malani Igneous Suite- A Case Study of Sirohi District of Rajasthan 2.2. Geology The Delhi S uper Group o f rocks o ccupies the A ravalli r an ges in t h e eastern p art of t h e district an d also small chain of hills to the west of Mount A bu. The main rock types are phyllite, mica schist, limestone, marble, calc- silicate, and quartzite. These rock ranges is the age from 1650 to 1400 m.y. and are intruded by t h e g rey E rinpura an d p ink J alor g ranite. T he s ubsequent r hyolites are an cient v olcanic r ocks that erupted d uring P ost D elhi p eriod. G eological f ormation ex posed i n t he d istrict r ange i n age from Proterozoic to Recent. Oldest rock is Calc. Schist, Calc. Gneiss which belongs to Kumbhalgarh group of Delhi Super Group, while youngest formation is Alluvium belongs to Quaternary group. Delhi Super group rocks are exposed in the Southeastern and Central part of the district (Roy.A.B. and Jakhar S.R. 2002)8. 3. MALANI IGNEOUS SUITE IN THE DISTRICT Sirohi district falls in South Western Rajasthan and is an important district of study area. Malani Igneous Suit (MIS) Rocks are exposed in the district particularly around Pindwara, Sirohi and Abu Road blocks. The m ain l i tho-units o f M IS i n S irohi d istrict are r epresented b y g ranites, r hyolites & t uffs (Bhushan S.K.2002)10. 4. POTENTIAL AQUIFERS IN SIROHI DISTRICT 4.1. Physiology A l arg e p art o f t h e d istrict i s a v ast s emi d esert p lain, m arked b y i s olated h ills an d ch ains o f hillock forming the eastern and south- western extending Aravalli ranges in the east. Detached hills of the Aravalli range are situated in the south east of the district; Mount Abu is situated at about 1219 metre above sea level. Jawai is the longest and largest river of north- west, which joins Luni river. Other important rivers are Banas, khari, Sukkri, Badi, Kapal ganga & Krishnawati. 4.2. Hydogeology Groundwater occurs under water table condition both in unconsolidated and consolidated saturated zone of formation. I ts o ccurrence i s co ntrolled b y t opography, p hysiography an d s tructural f eatures of the geological formations. The movement of the groundwater in hard rock areas is governed by size, openness, interconnection an d co ntinuity o f s tructural w eak p lanes w hile i n u nconsolidated r ocks, g round water movement takes place through pore space between grains(DST,Jodhpur,1999)11. The hydro geological map of the district is shown in Figure 1.2. Water bearing properties of different aquifers are described below: h ttp://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJCIET 108 [email protected] Sen Hemant and Nagori M.L. Figure 1.2 Hydrogeological Map of Sirohi District Source: Groundwater Atlas of Rajasthan, Department of Science and Technology, Government of Rajasthan, Jodhpur 1999 4.3. Phylite and Schist These aquifers occur predominantly in Aburoad, Pindwara and central part of Sirohi tehsil. Few intrusive are also found which have low perme eability. Groundwater is retained in weathhered zones, fractures joints etc. Depth to open wells tapping these aquifer ranges from 25 to 40 m. Yield of wells varies from 30 to 250 3 m /day. The depth to water level in the area tapping this aquifer ranges from 20 m to 40m in the northern part and 10m to 20m at western partsa .
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