Association News

President Samuel Beer presiding. Items on the The 1977 Annual Meeting agenda included nominations and certification of officers and Council members to be subse- The 1977 Annual Meeting of the American quently voted on by the membership in a mail Political Science Association was held at the Washington Hilton Hotel, Washington, D.C., ballot and a report of the Treasurer. There were from September 1 through 4. Harvey C. Mans- no constitutional amendments or resolutions. field, Jr., , and James Q. Wilson, Harvard University, served as co-chair- Presidential Address persons of the program committee. Official registration was 2,834 with 1,200 participants President Samuel H. Beer of Harvard University in the program. There were three plenary presented his Presidential Address, "Federalism, sessions at the meeting on the Congressional Nationalism and Democracy in America," fol- Budget Process, The 1976 Elections in the lowing an introduction by Evron M. Kirk- , and Political Scientists in the patrick. His address will be published in The White House. Other significant events of the Review. meeting included the Annual Business Meeting, the Presidential Address of Samuel H. Beer and announcement of awards for outstanding pub- Awards lications, dissertations, and contributions to the profession. Twelve awards recognizing outstanding publica- tions, dissertations and service were announced at the Annual Business Meeting by President The Annual Business Meeting Beer. The 1977 award winners are:

The 1977 Annual Business Meeting was held on Foundation Saturday, September 3 at 4:15 p.m. with Book Award Norman H. Nie, University of Chicago, , Harvard University, and John R. Pet- rocik, University of California, Los Angeles, received the 1977 Woodrow Wilson Foundation Book Award of $1,000 and a medal for the best book published in the United States in 1976 in government, politics or international affairs. The award-winning book, The Changing Ameri- can Voter, was published by the Harvard University Press. The selection committee was composed of William Keefe, University of Pittsburgh, Chairperson; Bernard Cohen, Uni- versity of Wisconsin, Madison; and Roberta Sigel, Rutgers University. The citation for the award stated: The committee for the selection of the Woodrow Wilson Foundation Book Award— the best book published last year in govern- ment, politics, or international affairs—has chosen a book that is a worthy successor in its field to a classic study published in I960: The American Voter. Our selection is The Changing American Voter by Norman H. Nie, Sidney Verba, and John R. Petrocik. Our choice also recognizes the extraordinary contributions of the Survey Research Center and the Center for Political Studies at the to scholarship in American politics, since this book, like so many other excellent studies of this genre, John C. Wahlke rests primarily and securely on the data University of Iowa collected by the SRC over the last two Association President, 1977-78 decades.

464 PS Fall 1977 The patterns of political attitudes and be- Benjamin Evans Lippincott Award havior of the American public are sharply The Benjamin Evans Lippincott Award, a different in the 1970s from those of the $1,500 award for a work of exceptional quality 1950s. Remarkable alterations in the elec- by a living political theorist that is still con- toral process have occurred as the public, sidered significant after a time span of at least less and less a hostage to its sociological and 15 years since the original publication, was psychological roots, has responded in new presented in 1977 to Louis Hartz for his work, ways to political events, institutions, and The Liberal Tradition in America. The Selec- issues. Changes of massive importance for tion Committee was composed of Melvin the policy—the decline of party voting, the Richter, CUNY Graduate Center, chairperson; impact of new issues and the growth in issue Maurice Cranston, London School of Eco- voting, the growth in attitude consistency in nomics; and George Kateb, Amherst College. voting, and the changes in political genera- tions—are perceptively examined in this co- Professor Hartz's work was cited as follows: hesive and comprehensive study. The Chang- ing American Voter constitutes a major The Benjamin Evans Lippincott Award Prize effort to lodge electoral behavior in the Committee for 1977 voted unanimously to wider contexts of domestic politics, political award the prize to Louis Hartz for The institutions, and democratic theory, thus Liberal Tradition in America (New York: extending the range of the book to scholars Harcourt, Brace & Co., 1955). working in many subfields of American Begun in the 1940s, this book is a searching government and politics. analysis and reinterpretation of the effects of American political theory upon political Highly readable and judiciously phrased, The practice at home and abroad. Mr. Hartz Changing American Voter requires us to refuses to accept at face value the estimates consider what understandings must be re- of their differences by contending schools of tained from previous studies of electoral American political thinkers, and instead em- behavior and what must be set aside. Of phasizes their unperceived agreements. Nor particular significance here is the chapter by does he admit the validity of European Kristi Andersen which offers a particularly analogies. perceptive reinterpretation of The New Deal Coalition. The book also requires us to The single most important reason for the consider what is yet to be done. As a result persisting qualities of American political of its comprehensiveness, its reliability, and thinking, Mr. Hartz argues, is that indicated the clarity of its analysis, this book is likely by Tocqueville but never before tied to its to remain a leader in its field for some years subsequent development: American liberal to come—an authoritative guide to the cur- democracy was formed without overthrow- rent status of electoral behavior research and ing an old regime in classes derived from the a rich source of hypotheses yet to be antecedent social order. Because of this investigated. unique point of departure, Americans devel- oped neither a genuine conservative nor Gladys M. Kammerer Award socialist political theory. Whatever they have called themselves, American political theo- The Gladys M. Kammerer Award for the best rists have remained within the confines of a political science publication in the field of distinctively narrow liberalism selected from United States National Policy in 1976 was Locke. awarded to Paul E. Peterson of the University of Chicago for his book, School Politics Chica- Although Mr. Hartz ascribes certain persist- go Style, published by the University of Chica- ing characteristics of American political life go Press. The Selection Committee was com- to this restricted range of concepts, he posed of M. Margaret Conway, University of neither celebrates consensus nor praises the Maryland, chairperson; Lawrence Herson, Ohio theoretical acuity of those who founded State University; and Edward Tufte, Princeton American institutions. University. American legalism was workable, not be- In recognizing the book, the Committee noted: cause of any characteristics common to the rule of law, but because citizens shared Through its elaboration and imaginative use common beliefs, the details of which could of four alternative models of policy forma- be decided by the judiciary. Similarly, the tion, School Politics Chicago Style signifi- majority could accept limitations on its cantly contributes to the analysis of public power because it was not the mob feared by policy. Peterson shows that rational choice the Founding Fathers. and bargaining models offer complimentary rather than competing insights into the Mr. Hartz's work is a bold effort to define policy creation process. By application of the essence of American political thought by the models to examination of several specific specifying its limited range and by dis- policy issues, the book illuminates both the tinguishing it through comparative analysis uneven pace of nationalization of education- from ostensible analogues elsewhere. Mr. al policy making and the uneven application Hartz's method and conclusions have stimu- of national policies to local jurisdictions. In lated and provoked readers from the time addition, the book displays a welcome clar- this book first appeared. It was never a "safe ity and precision of writing style. book" that went unchallenged by true be-

465 Association News 1977 Annual Meeting

L to R: Howard R. Penniman, Georgetown University and National Director, Pi Sigma Alpha, presenting the 1977 Franklin L. Burdette Pi Sigma Alpha Award to Samuel H. Beer, Harvard University and APSA Presi- Mary Cornelia Porter, Barat College. dent, presenting his Presidential Address.

L to R: Clarence A. Berdahl, University of Illinois, Urbana, Emeritus; Samuel H. Beer, Harvard University and APSA President; and Ernest S. Griffith, American Lto R: Austin Ranney, American Enterprise Institute; University, Emeritus. Mark A. Siegel, The White House; and Byron E. Shafer, Russell Sage Foundation, at the panel, "Val- ues, Rules, and Outcomes in the Presidential Selection Process."

L to R: James Q. Wilson, Harvard University, Co- Chairperson of the 1977 Annual Meeting and winner of the 1977 Charles E. Merriam Award, being congrat- L to R: Jacob Carruthers, Northeastern State Univer- ulated by , President of the Russell sity, and E. Wally Miles, San Diego State University, at Sage Foundation and Chairperson of the 1977 Charles the Roundtable on Black Issues. E. Merriam Award Committee.

466 PS Fall 1977 L to R: J. Peter Euben, University of California, Santa Cruz; Victoria Schuck, President of Mount Vernon College; and George W. Ball, Lehman Brothers, Inc.,at the panel, "The Ethical Political Scientist."

L to R: Harvey Mansfield, Sr., Columbia University, Emeritus, and Harvey Mansfield, Jr., Harvard Univer- sity and 1977 Annual Meeting Program Co-Chairper- son.

L to R: John Trent, General Secretary, International Political Science Association; Liette Boucher, Admin- istrative Secretary, IPSA; and Evron M. Kirkpatrick, Executive Director, APSA.

Robert G. Scigliano, , at the panel, "An Imperial Judiciary?"

L to R: Donald A. Robinson, Smith College; and L to R: William S. Livingston, University of Texas at Charles O. Jones, University of Pittsburgh and Manag- Austin, and Chairperson of the Association's 1977 ing Editor of The American Political Science Review. Nominating Committee, and Daniel J. Elazar, Temple University, at the 1977 Annual Business Meeting Photographs by Gary Nordlinger

467 Association News

lievers in the articles of Americanism. This Wilson's main message has been exploration independence should have protected The of how formal organizations help and hinder Liberal Tradition in America from the facile objectives of public policy. His substantive identification sometimes made in the 1960s concerns range widely from economic regu- between it and the celebrations from Amer- lation, to control of crime, to cable televi- ica found in the "consensus school" of its sion, to the management of cities, and to the historians. Louis Hartz did not view the past capacity of governmental agencies to regu- of the United States with complacence, nor late almost anyone except another agency. did he see much reason to think that its His intellectual interests extent to the cul- stock of political ideas boded well for ture of Southern California, the behavior of American politics, whether domestic or in- moray eels, and the real and imagined causes ternational. Indeed his thesis was equally of crime. disturbing: Only by transcending its own outlook could the United States come to James Q. Wilson has become a serious understand itself and others in the unprece- intellectual force without becoming solemn. dented situation after World War II. Reading his work is not only instructive- there will, we know, be something important Although not impossible, such a transforma- that has not occurred to us—but fun.. There tion was not probable given the analysis is more than a little irony in his thought. We offered by Mr. Hartz. Little in the American are fortunate in honoring a political scientist experience, unless in its simple modelistic from whom we look forward to learning ethos, had prepared the United States for what is happening, what we might do about wars that were revolutions fought with the it, and why we probably won't. weapons of ideology. Mr. Hartz argues that it is the absence of any experience of social Franklin L. Burdette revolution that is at the heart of the whole Pi Sigma Alpha Award American dilemma. Can such a people ever understand peoples elsewhere? Can it ever The Franklin L. Burdette Pi Sigma Alpha understand itself? Assessing the significance Award for the best paper at the 1976 Annual of his argument, he concluded: "In an age Meeting was awarded to Mary Cornelia Porter when not only Europe but Asia is involved of Barat College for her paper, "Rodriguez, the in American diplomacy, the blindspots of 'poor' and the Burger Court: A Prudent Prog- 'Americanism' pose a peculiarly complicated nosis." The Selection Committee was composed problem. .. . [Its] irrational inward passion of Doris Graber, University of Illinois, Chicago is as grave a threat to domestic freedom as Circle, chairperson; Robert Lehnen, University we have ever faced." of Houston; and Stanley Rothman, Smith College. This book is notable for its comparative The citation accompanying her award stated: diagnosis of both the deficiencies of Ameri- can political theory and its consequence for Her paper presents a comprehensive, clearly political action. Although not itself an at- organized and well-written review of case tempt to formulate a more adequate alterna- law and legal commentary on the constitu- tive, it remains a potent reminder that the tional protection of the right to equal task confronting American political theorists educational opportunity. The review is fol- are at once formidable and urgent. lowed by a cogent analysis of the factors which produce the legal rulings and projec- tions of current trends into the future. The paper was selected as best among the 13 Charles E. Merriam Award papers nominated for the award because of The Charles E. Merriam Award of $500 is its overall excellence. It deals with an impor- presented to a person whose published work tant subject, explores it thoroughly from all and career represents a significant contribution angles, interprets the significance of the to the art of government through the applica- findings, predicts future developments, and tion of social science research. The 1977 award states its points clearly and interestingly, was awarded to James Q. Wilson of Harvard without pretence or jargon. University. The Selection Committee was com- posed of Aaron Wildavsky, Russell Sage Foun- dation, Chairperson; Ralph Huitt, National As- sociation of State Universities and Land Grant Gabriel A. Almond Award Colleges; and Chester Newland, University of Southern California. The Gabriel A. Almond Award for the best doctoral dissertation completed and accepted The citation for the award noted: during 1975 or 1976 in the field of comparative The Charles E. Miriam Award is given to politics was awarded to Kenneth Wald, Mem- those who combine scholarly distinction phis State University, "Patterns of English with ideas influential in the practice of Voter Alignment Since 1885," nominated by public policy. No one combines these quali- the Department at Washington University, St. ties—speaking truth to power—better than Louis. The Selection Committee was composed James Q. Wilson whose words are read and of Lucian W. Pye, M.I.T., chairperson; Lewis J. whose ideas are used by professors and Edinger, Columbia University; and Martin C. politicians alike. Needier, University of Arizona.

468 PS Fall 1977 The citation for the award stated: In his doctoral dissertation, Light deals with The committee for the Gabriel A. Almond a perennial problem in federal-state-local Award received 14 theses in the field of relations—the tension between function and Comparative Politics. The quality of most area. A refreshing analysis of recent intergov- was impressive and several were truly out- ernmental relationships and their related standing. In the judgment of the committee "theories" begins the work. This is followed the best thesis was by Kenneth Wald, Pat- by a major probe of the attitudes and terns of English Voter Alignment Since perceptions of state administrators regarding 1885, done at Washington University, St. a range of issues subsumed under state- Louis. national relationships, federal aid, and state- local linkages—three topical areas of peren- Dr. Wald's elegantly written study focuses nial concern to William Anderson. New on five English cities and traces in careful ground is broken with his dual dimensions of detail the changing voting practices of dif- attitudes and the battery of sophisticated ferent social and economic groupings. He quantitative techniques that are applied to found that class did not provide a solid them. Light concludes that attitudinal dif- guide, nor religion as usually defined. What ferences and similarities among state admini- he djd discover, through ingenious method- strators are more influenced by functional ological manipulation, was that voting pat- factors than by areal. terns could be explained best by a subtle definition of "religion" that borders on the This work provides us with important in- concept of ideology or style of life. sights about the dynamics of current inter- governmental relations and on program inno- The committee consisting of Lewis J. Edin- vation in the system. Above all, perhaps, the ger, Martin Needier and Lucian W. Pye, study underscores the continuing validity of Chairman, contragulate Dr. Wald. the Anderson view that federal-state-local relations are essentially dominated by the problems of human relations. William Anderson Award Edwin S. Corwin Award The William Anderson Award for the best doctoral dissertation completed and accepted The Edwin S. Corwin Award for the best during 1975 or 1976 in the field of intergovern- dissertation in 1975 or 1976 in public law, mental relations in the United States was broadly defined, went to Milton Heuman of the awarded to Alfred R. Light of Texas Techno- University of Michigan for his dissertation, logical University for his dissertation, "Inter- "Adapting to Plea Bargaining: The Experience governmental Relations and Program Innova- of Prosecutors, Judges and Defense Attorneys," tion: The Institutionalized Perspectives of State which was nominated by the Department at Administrator," which was nominated by the Yale University. The Selection Committee for Department at the University of North Caro- the Award was composed of Harold Chase, lina. The selection committee was composed of University of Minnesota, chairperson; Charles David Walker, Advisory Commission on Inter- V. Hamilton, Columbia University; and Mary governmental Relations, chairperson; Frederick Cornelia Porter, Barat College. M. Wirt, University of Illinois; and Michael Preston, University of Illinois. The citation for the award is as follows: The citation for the award stated: The Corwin Committee reviewed 12 out- standing theses, several of which we deemed William Anderson cautioned students and publishable. But despite the competition, we readers alike: "Remember that the whole unanimously judged the thesis of Milton field of intergovernmental relations is an Heumann of Yale University to be the best intensely practical one, because it is so full of this fine crop. of the problems of human relations." Con- fronted with the practical challenge of Heumann wrote on the subject "Adapting to selecting the "best doctoral dissertation in Plea Bargaining: The Experiences of Prosecu- the general field of intergovernmental rela- tors, Judges and Defense Attorneys." He tions in the United States," the Committee, demonstrated methodological sophistication, composed of Professors Michael B. Preston, prodigious research and fine judgment in Frederick M. Wirt and myself, takes genuine dealing with an important public policy pleasure in giving the first William Anderson issue, the kinds of qualities which Edward S. Award to Alfred R. Light, currently of Corwin so remarkably demonstrated in his Texas Technoloqical University (Lubbock). work. Professor Light pursued his doctoral studies at the University of North Carolina and wrote his dissertation under the supervision E. E. Schattschneider Awerd of Professor Deil S. Wright. It may also be The E. E. Schattschneider Award for the best appropriate to note that he took his Bache- dissertation completed and accepted in the lor's Degree at Johns Hopkins where he was general field of American Politics in 1976 or awarded the Julius Turner Award for a 1977 was awarded to Kristi Andersen, Ohio senior honor's thesis on "Jimmy Carter and State University, for her dissertation, "How Georgie Politics." Realignments Happen: Mobilization and the

469 Association News

Creation of a Democratic Majority, The Helen Dwight Reid Award 1928-1936," which was nominated by the Department at the University of Chicago. The The Helen Dwight Reid Award for the best Selection Committee for the award was com- dissertation in 1976 in the field of international posed of Malcolm E. Jewell, University of relations, law and politics was awarded to Jack Kentucky, chairperson; Elmer Comwell, Brown Steven Levy of Yale University for his disserta- University; and Everett Ladd, University of tion, "Military Power, Alliances, and Technolo- Connecticut. gy: An Analysis of Some Structural Deter- minants of International War Among the Great The citation for the award is as follows: Powers," which was nominated by the Depart- The author's purpose is to estimate the ment at the University of Wisconsin, Madison. extent to which the New Deal realignment The Selection Committee was composed of was caused by conversion of voters and was Benjamin Rivlin, CUNY Graduate Center, caused by the entry of new voters, prepon- Chairperson; Roy Godson, Georgetown Univer- derantly Democratic, into the active elec- sity; and Richard Swift, New York University. torate. There is imaginative use of survey The citation for the award is as follows: research recall data from national surveys as well as aggregate data from Chicago. The Dr. Levy's dissertation was judged by the author displays considerable methodological Committee to be a sophisticated heuristic sophistication as well as an awareness of the analysis of aspects of international politics difficulties involved in such analysis. Not that provided insight and greater understand- only does this study shed light on the New ing of alliances and technology as deter- Deal realignment, but it also provides a minants of war. Previous theoretical effort framework for better understanding con- to understand and explain the phenomenon temporary party realignments and it draws of war are analyzed and refined taking into attention to a topic that has been neglected: account technological innovations and their the implications of changing levels of voting effect upon greater power behavior. participation. The committee had a number of interesting dissertations demonstrating impressive Leonard D. White Award scholarship from which to choose. Its choice The Leonard D. White Award for the best was based on both the significance of these dissertation in the general field of public findings and the skill with which Kristi administration in 1975-76 broadly defined, was Andersen's dissertation was executed. awarded to George Woodrow Downs, Jr. of the University of California, Davis, for his disserta- tion, "Bureaucracy, Innovation and Public Poli- Leo Strauss Award cy," which was nominated by the Department at the University of Michigan. The Selection The Leo Strauss Award for the best doctoral Committee was composed of Mark Cannon, dissertation completed and accepted in 1976 or Administrative Assistant to the Chief Justice of 1977 in the field of political philosophy was the U.S. Supreme Court, chairperson; Vincent awarded to Mary L. Pollingue of Northern Browne, Howard University; and Marvin Illinois University for her dissertation, "A Maurer, Monmouth College. Community on Plato's Phaedrus" which was nominated by the Department at the University The citation was as follows: of Chicago. The selection committee was com- posed of Wilson Carey McWilliams, Rutgers Mr. Downs' dissertation examines the deter- University, chairperson; Joseph Cropsey, Uni- minants of policy innovation—in this case versity of Chicago; and Werner Dannhauser, deinstitutionalization of juvenile corrections, Cornell University. or the shifting of juvenile offenders from large warehousing prisong to more rehabilita- The citation for the award is as follows: tive forms of treatment. Downs concludes many social scientists tend to attribute too Professor Pollingue's dissertation explored much causation to socioeconomic deter- Plato's theory of rhetoric, beginning with minants, by demonstrating that—at least in the distinction between that rhetoric ap- this area—they are far from the most explan- propriate to public subjects and that proper atory variables. Only socioeconomic ho- to private matters. The Phaedrus deals with mogeneity is a necessary, but still not speeches about love, unlike the more "politi- sufficient, condition for shifting to commu- cal" Gorgias, but Professor Pollingue demon- nity treatment of juvenile offenders. As in strates that such appearances can be mislead- other studies, classic political variables also ing. She observes that the subject of rhetoric proved to be substantially irrelevant. must not be equated with the motive of the rhetorician. Statesmen, for example, whose In all 50 states, structured interviews were rhetoric is found in laws and legislation, are conducted with corrections officials and often moved by private desires for immortal- extensive corrections program data was ity. Professor Pollingue, demonstrating phil- gathered. Also case studies were prepared of osophic subtlety and linguistic mastery, de- the 16 states which deinstitutionalized ju- velops Plato's idea of the rhetoric truly venile corrections. Analysis of this data appropriate to statesmen and philosophers. revealed that although traditional bureau-

470 PS Fall 1977 cratic variables such as staff professionalism, Along with an engaging review of literature budget size and decentralization, are unre- and elaborate statistical analyses, Downs lated to deinstitutionalization rates, the cor- perceptively questions all assumptions and rectional ideology of the agency director and thereby clarifies linkages and interrelation- the amount of autonomy of the state correc- ships among determinants. He provides so- tions agency are key determinants. phisticated and comprehensive methodology This dissertation contributes to an under- which may be useful in the study of other standing of the conditions under which policy innovations and he contributes to a bureaucracies can put policy innovations on non-simplistic theory of interactive causal the agenda in situations lacking in continu- relationships in producing policy innova- ous saliency or high interest group demand tions. for change.

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