The Newsletter - Volume 8, Issue 3 17Th January 2011
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The Sky at Night
The Sky at Night Patrick Moore The Sky at Night Patrick Moore Farthings 39 West Street Selsey, West Sussex PO20 9AD UK ISBN 978-1-4419-6408-3 e-ISBN 978-1-4419-6409-0 DOI 10.1007/978-1-4419-6409-0 Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London Library of Congress Control Number: 2010934379 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2010 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) Foreword When I became the producer of the Sky at Night in 2002, I was given some friendly advice: “It’s a quiet little programme, not much happens in astronomy.” How wrong they were! It’s been a hectic and enthralling time ever since:, with missions arriving at distant planets; new discoveries in our Universe; and leaps in technology, which mean amateurs can take pictures as good as the Hubble Space Telescope. -
Stealth Coronal Mass Ejections from Active Regions
Draft version July 31, 2019 Typeset using LATEX twocolumn style in AASTeX62 Stealth Coronal Mass Ejections from Active Regions Jennifer O'Kane,1 Lucie Green,1 David M. Long,1 and Hamish Reid2 | 1Mullard Space Science Laboratory, UCL, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking, Surrey, RH5 6NT, UK 2SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK ABSTRACT Stealth coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are eruptions from the Sun that have no obvious low coro- nal signature. These CMEs are characteristically slower events, but can still be geoeffective and affect space weather at Earth. Therefore, understanding the science underpinning these eruptions will greatly improve our ability to detect and, eventually, forecast them. We present a study of two stealth CMEs analysed using advanced image processing techniques that reveal their faint signatures in observations from the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) imagers onboard the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO), Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO), and Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO) space- craft. The different viewpoints given by these spacecraft provide the opportunity to study each eruption from above and the side contemporaneously. For each event, EUV and magnetogram observations were combined to reveal the coronal structure that erupted. For one event, the observations indicate the presence of a magnetic flux rope before the CME's fast rise phase. We found that both events orig- inated in active regions and are likely to be sympathetic CMEs triggered by a nearby eruption. We discuss the physical processes that occurred in the time leading up to the onset of each stealth CME and conclude that these eruptions are part of the low-energy and velocity tail of a distribution of CME events, and are not a distinct phenomenon. -
Classroom Physics June 2021
Classroom June 2021 | Issue 57 physics The magazine for IOP affiliated schools The Sun and Solar System Credit: Shutterstock Credit: Addressing student misconceptions A solar scientist talks about her job The toilet roll solar system iop.org Editorial Classroom physics | June 2021 Draw the Sun: this image is one of a This issue selection from the Science Museum’s collection. It was used as an example in a News recent online workshop chaired by Imperial College artist and physicist Geraldine Cox 3 Addressing misconceptions to encourage young people to make solar in physics artwork greatexhibitionroadfestival.co.uk/ explore/families/draw-sun 4 Postcards from Space Astronomical Diagram Transparent Solar 5 IOP book recommendation System, circa 1860 Feature Credit: Science Museum / Science & Society Picture Library -- All rights reserved. 6 Up close and personal with the Sun 7 A solar scientist Bring some sunshine Resources 8 Knowing and explaining into the classroom in the context of Earth As we approach the end of a second The Sun is central to our lives from the and space disrupted academic year, we are very beginning, so it’s not surprising that beginning to see rays of sunshine by the time they reach secondary school, 9 - 12 The Sun and emerging. Like you, we sincerely hope many students have confused ideas about Solar System pull-out that this is the last time teachers will our star. Our new set of Earth and Space misconceptions (page 3) will help you 13 Stories from physics have to end the school year with the pressure of assessing students who have untangle this thinking. -
Review of the Year 2009/10
Invest in future scientific leaders and in innovation Review of the year 2009/10 1 Celebrating 350 years Review of the year 2009/10 02 Review of the year 2009/10 President’s foreword Executive Secretary’s report Review of the year 2009/10 03 Contents President’s foreword ..............................................................02 Inspire an interest in the joy, wonder Executive Secretary’s report ..................................................03 and excitement of scientific discovery ..................................16 Invest in future scientific leaders and in innovation ..............04 Seeing further: the Royal Society celebrates 350 years .......20 Influence policymaking with the best scientific advice ........08 Summarised financial statements .........................................22 Invigorate science and mathematics education ...................10 Income and expenditure statement ......................................23 Increase access to the best science internationally ..............12 Fundraising and support ........................................................24 List of donors ..........................................................................25 President’s Executive foreword Secretary’s report This year we have focused on the excellent This has been a remarkable year for the Society, our opportunity afforded by our 350th anniversary 350th, and we have mounted a major programme not only to promote the work of the Society to inspire minds, young and old alike, with the but to raise the profile of science -
FAS 1- Dec 100 Electronic
FAS Newsletter Federation of Astronomical Societies http://www.fedastro.org.uk Remote Telescope Project The FAS Council is exploring the idea of providing, for member societies, a high quality remote operation Astrocamp—South Spain telescope. This will involve significant work in order to take the idea to a firm proposal and so there needs to be sufficient serious preliminary support from FAS member societies before we can justify the effort required to take the idea further. The telescope would most likely be located at Astrocamp in southern Spain, where excellent observing conditions and the relatively high incidence of clear nights offer substantial advantages over those typically encountered in the UK. The envisaged set-up would consist of a QSI 583 camera on a 250mm Ritchey-Chretien telescope mounted on a Paramount MX. A high quality, mid-sized refractor, with the same CCD and mount, would be another option. The emphasis would be on providing significant advantages in terms of observing conditions and instrumentation over those that most UK societies can access or afford. Why are we considering this? The FAS is always looking for ways to provide services and opportuni- Newsletter reaches 100 ties for its member societies that they cannot easily provide themselves. Imaging has been the essential modus operandi in professional astrono- Sharp eyed readers will have noted that this is my for decades and is now an intrinsic and rapidly growing part of the 100th edition of the FAS Newsletter, which amateur astronomy as well. Cost, inconvenience, lack of a suitable site has been informing and I hope, entertaining (Continued on page 4) amateur astronomers for almost 30 years. -
SOLARNET IV MEETING the Physics of the Sun from the Interior to the Outer Atmosphere Lanzarote, Spain, 16-20 January 2017
SOLARNET IV MEETING The Physics of the Sun from the Interior to the Outer Atmosphere Lanzarote, Spain, 16-20 January 2017 PROGRAMME MONDAY, JAN 16TH 8:00 – 9:00 Registration 9:00 – 9:10 Welcome E. Khomenko & MJ Martínes-González 9:10 – 9:30 The SOLARNET project M. Collados SESSION 1: SOLAR INTERNAL STRUCTURE FROM HELIOSEISMOLOGY 9:30 – 10:00 IR: Helioseismic probes of the solar interior Anne-Marie Broomhall 10:00 – 10:20 ST: Data assimilation as a tool to better understand the solar Laurent Jouvé magnetism 10:20 – 10:35 Halo formation in realistic 3D MHD simulations Irina Thaler 10:35 – 10:50 The Subsurface Structure of Active Regions from Measured Dean-Yi Chou Scattering Matrix Elements 10:50 – 11:05 Computation of 3d sensitivity kernels for understanding Krishnendu Mandal meridional circulation 11:05 – 11:45 Coffee break and POSTER session 11:45 – 12:05 ST: Forward modeling for local solar seismology Tobías Felipe 12:05 – 12:20 Formation of sunspots: theory and observations Illa R. Losada 12:20 – 12:35 A new physical mechanism to explain meridional Dário Passos circulation's cyclic variations 12:35 – 12:50 Deep Meridional Flow Inversions with Spherical Born Vincent Böning Kernels and Time-Distance Helioseismology 12:50 – 14:30 LUNCH (Arrecife Gran Hotel) SESSION 2: SOLAR CYCLE: CONVECTION, ROTATION, DYNAMO, FLUX EMERGENCE 14:30 – 15:00 IR: Differential rotation and convective dynamo in the solar Yuhong Fan convective envelope 15:00 – 15:20 ST: Dynamo modes as a mechanism for long-term solar Maarit Käpylä activity variations 15:20 – -
Building Space Weather Resilience in the Finance Sector
UCL PUBLIC POLICY UCL INSIGHTS: RESEARCH BRIEFING Building space weather resilience in the finance sector This briefing discusses space weather risks and their likely impact on different aspects of financial organisations, including investment and retail banks, exchanges, investment funds, and insurance and real estate companies, with a view to developing business continuity and resiliency capabilities Space weather can disrupt a wide range of technological Space weather risks to the finance sector systems upon which the financial sector relies, including power networks, communications and global navigation Space weather is capable of disrupting a wide range of satellite systems. technological systems, including electricity distribution networks, communications and global navigation satellite The risks of space weather range from travel and service systems (GNSS). These are all technologies that disruption for a single institution to a widespread systemic underpin the finance sector, which relies on accurate event impacting several market participants. Severe timing information, communications, continuity of high- geomagnetic and solar radiation storms are 1 in 10 year tech systems, and power supply. Particular vulnerabilities events. They have a serious enough impact and frequency include: to be considered by financial risks and business continuity • use of mobile phones, which is prevalent and imperative professionals. for many aspects of business The loss of systematically important operations could • large processing or technology centres have a serious knock-on effect on the UK economy and • execution and process of extremely high volumes of economies around the world. transactions between organisations, which is reliant on technology systems and synchronized timing, increasingly via GNSS What is space weather? • essential reliance on continuous uninterrupted power The eruptions and explosions produced by the Sun create • disruption to flights that rely on GNSS technology. -
SECCHI/Heliospheric Imager Science Studies Sarah Matthews Mullard
SECCHI/Heliospheric Imager Science Studies Sarah Matthews Mullard Space Science Laboratory University College London Holmbury St. Mary, Dorking Surrey RH5 6NT [email protected] Version 2, 12 December 2003 1. Introduction This document is intended to provide a focus for the scientific operation of the Heliospheric Imager camera systems that form part of the SECCHI instrument payload on STEREO. Its purpose is to provide a brief introduction to the instruments and their capabilities, within the context of the SECCHI instrumentation as a whole, and to outline a series of proposed science studies whose primary focus requires the HI1 and/or HI2, although this does not preclude the inclusion of studies whose main focus is another of the SECCHI instruments. In addition to defining the science goals for the HI these science studies also provide operational constraints that as far as possible will be fed into the on-board software requirements. In order to obtain a detailed view of the instruments, the science goals and operations, it is recommended that this document should be used together with the Heliospheric Imager Operations Document written by Richard Harrison and the Image Simulation document written by Chris Davis & Richard Harrison. 2. SECCHI and the Heliospheric Imager SECCHI is a set of remote sensing instruments designed to follow Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) from their origins on the Sun, out through the corona and the interplanetary medium and to possible impact with the Earth. The instrument package comprises 3 telescopes: ÿ EUV Imaging Telescope (EUVI) - a full Sun instrument which images the chromosphere and corona in 4 emission lines: He II 304 A, Fe IX/X 171 A, Fe XII 195 A and Fe XV 284 A. -
Living with a Star
space Living with a star: the many faces of the Sun Sarah Matthews UCL Mullard Space Science Lab Mullard Space Science Laboratory Why? Solar variability drives variability in the near-Earth environment ➢ Magnetic field evolution drives that variability Energy release & transport in magnetised plasma ➢ Unprecedented wavelength coverage and spatial and temporal resolution probes magnetised processes at intrinsic scales ➢ A laboratory for astrophysics Mullard Space Science Laboratory Universal Processes Solar physics is Sub-storm onset in the Earth’s about: magnetosphere • Waves (Kalmoni et al., • Instabilities 2018) • Reconnection • Turbulence & cross-scale coupling… Parameter regimes can be very different Jupiter’s but insight can be aurora (UV) (Branduardi- gained from the Raymont et study of similar al., 2008) plasma processes. Solar flare ribbons observed by the Swedish Solar Telescope. Properties of the Sun • A boring(?) middle aged star (4.5 billion years old) • In the middle of the main sequence (G2V) • Powered by fusion in the core • A magnetic star…. Courtesy University Swinburne The Sun dominates our environment • Provides heat and light • Creates solar wind, which in turn affects the Earth’s environment – from beautiful aurora – to serious disruption to satellites • Erupts with violent CMEs and flares Images from STEREO • Space is part of our environment too! Visible face of the Sun The EUV face of the Sun Sunspots Images courtesy of the Galileo Project http://galileo.rice.edu Images from Professor Owen Gingerich's copy of the first edition of Istoria e Dimo strazioni. Sunspots: sources of magnetic field SST, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences Measuring the magnetic field Visible light: 1 March 2000 Magnetogram: 1 March 2000 The sunspot cycle Maunder Minimum NOAA/NASA prediction panel 2019 Movie courtesy of David Hathaway Rise of the Magnetic Field • Bundles of strong magnetic field rise from the base of the convection zone. -
Journal-Jan-2020.Pdf
Journal of the Nottingham Astronomical Society January 2020 nd In this issue Thursday, January 2 Sky Notes for January Gotham Memorial Hall NAS membership renewal Gotham, NG11 0HE Diary Dates 2020: 8pm (doors open at 7pm) Meetings at Gotham and Plumtree This evening will be our E-Services Advertisement Social and Practical New Year Quiz Night Astronomy: Report of with . recent meeting and preview of the next NAS Librarian – can you buffet, wine & soft drinks help? Lucie Green at Gotham BAA Back to Basics workshop The Witch’s Broom Nebula, by Marcus Stone Society Information ______________________________________________________ We wish all Members and friends of the NAS a very happy and prosperous New Year Astronomical Highlights of 2020 A brilliant evening apparition of Venus, lasting throughout the Spring, but being at its most spectacular in March and April. A possible naked-eye comet, C/2017 T2 (PANSTARRS), observable from the UK for the first half of the year, and reaching perihelion in May. Near-ideal conditions for the richest of our annual meteor showers, the Geminids, which peak on the night of December 13th-14th. Sky Notes January 2020 Compiled by Roy Gretton All times given below are in Greenwich Mean Time Earth’s perihelion, when the planet is closest to the Sun, will occur in the morning of January 5th, when the centres of the two bodies will be 91,398,200 miles apart (which happens to be about 5 miles closer than they were a year ago – but I don’t suppose this winter will be noticeably warmer as a result!) PHASES OF THE MOON Phase Date First Quarter January 3rd Full Moon January 10th Last Quarter January 17th New Moon January 24th This month the Moon is closest to Earth on the 13th, and furthest on the 29th. -
Solar Particle Acceleration, Radiation & Kinetics
ESA Voyage 2050 White Paper Solar Particle Acceleration, Radiation & Kinetics (SPARK) Point of Contact: Sarah Matthews, University College London, Mullard Space Science Laboratory, Holmbury St. Mary, Dorking, Surrey, RH5 6NT, UK Email: [email protected] 5 August 2019 Executive Summary Particle acceleration is a ubiquitous process throughout the universe, observed in environments as diverse as stellar coronae, active galactic nuclei, the coronae of accretion disks around black holes, the magnetospheres of neutron stars and planetary atmospheres (including our own) interacting with the wind of their star. It operates both in very dynamic and explosive situations and in more steady phenomena where steep gradients, turbulence and instabilities exist. The product of this process, or processes, are energetic particles that fill the universe, and shape the way in which our own and other solar systems work, and what the conditions for the emergence and continuation of life might be. The Sun is a privileged place to study this fundamental astrophysical problem. It is the only astrophysical setting that allows us to probe particle acceleration by a combination of remote sensing (imaging spectroscopy) and in situ measurements, with time resolution that resolves many of the processes of acceleration and transport. This White Paper introduces a mission concept, SPARK, aimed at making significant advances in understanding particle acceleration and transport. Energetic particles are seen in nearly every manifestation of magnetic energy conversion, from large flares down to minor explosive events in active regions, and sometimes even the quiescent solar atmosphere. Several decades of hard X-ray (HXR) observations have provided substantial insights into electron acceleration, but the low energy end of the accelerated electron distribution remains poorly constrained, with profound consequences for the flare energy budget. -
15 Million Degrees: a Journey to the Centre of the Sun Free
FREE 15 MILLION DEGREES: A JOURNEY TO THE CENTRE OF THE SUN PDF Lucie Green | 304 pages | 01 May 2016 | Penguin Books Ltd | 9780670922192 | English | London, United Kingdom 15 Million Degrees: A Journey to the Centre of the Sun by Lucie Green It delivers the food we eat, the air we breathe, the clothes we wear. We read by its light — on a screen, on paper, indoors or out — because it is the ultimate energy source: indeed, the only energy source. It powered the primeval forests of carboniferous ferns and conifers that became our fossil fuel just as it drives the winds for the electrical turbines that must one day replace coal and oil. Even the radioactive elements whose decay and fission keep the planet alive and self-renewing are stellar confections: fragments first forged in, and then recycled by supernovae, exploding giant suns. In fact, it is the only thing in the solar system that really works hard: every second it converts m tonnes of hydrogen to m tonnes of helium and those missing 4m tonnes become the energy released by the thermonuclear reaction: a bonus of electromagnetic radiation distributed across the entire solar system. A trifling 2 billionth of this highlights one side of the spinning Earth, delivering energy at the rate of 1, joules per square 15 Million Degrees: A Journey to the Centre of the Sun. But this planetary nourishment arrives every second to every square metre and from this shining moment all else follows: everything that has ever lived, every evolutionary advance, every human conceit, every sensory pleasure, and every book, including this one.