Resource Pulses, Species Interactions, and Diversity Maintenance in Arid and Semi-Arid Environments
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Quantifying the Relative Importance of Competition, Predation, and Environmental Variation for Species Coexistence
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/797704; this version posted October 8, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. Quantifying the relative importance of competition, predation, and environmental variation for species coexistence Lauren G. Shoemaker1, corresponding author email: [email protected], phone: (970)-691-0459, fax: NA 2Botany Department, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071 Allison K. Barner2;3, corresponding author email: [email protected], fax: NA 2Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720 3Department of Biology, Colby College, Waterville, ME, 04901 Leonora S. Bittleston4;5 email: [email protected] 4Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139 5Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID, 83725 Ashley I. Teufel6;7 email: [email protected] 6Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, 87501 7Department of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712 Data accessibility statement: All code to replicate this study can currently be found on GitHub at https://github.com/lash1937/foodwebs_env_variation_coexistence. Upon acceptance, code will be archived on Zenodo. Running Title: Competition and predation affect coexistence Keywords: Coexistence theory, ecological networks, species interactions stabilizing mechanisms, environmental fluctuations, diamond model, storage effect 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/797704; this version posted October 8, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. -
ISAB Food Web Review: Fish Production & Restoration
ISAB – Presentation to Columbia River Estuary Conference, Astoria, Oregon May 26, 2010 Independent Scientific Advisory Board for the Northwest Power and Conservation Council, Columbia River Basin Indian Tribes, and National Marine Fisheries Service 851 SW 6th Avenue, Suite 1100 Portland, Oregon 97204 J. Richard Alldredge, Ph.D., Professor of Statistics at Washington State University. *David Beauchamp, Ph.D, Cooperative Fish Research Unit at U of Washington James Congleton, Ph.D., Emeritus Fisheries Professor, University of Idaho *Charles Henny, Ph.D., Emeritus Scientist, USGS Nancy Huntly, Ph.D., Professor of Wildlife Biology at Idaho State University. Roland Lamberson, Ph.D., Professor of Mathematics and Director of Environmental Systems Graduate Program at Humboldt State University. Colin Levings, Ph.D., Scientist Emeritus and Sessional Researcher at Centre for Aquaculture and Environmental Research, Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Canada. Robert J. Naiman, Ph.D., Professor of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences at U of Washington William Pearcy, Ph.D., Professor Emeritus of Oceanography at Oregon State University. Bruce Rieman, PhD, Research Scientist Emeritus, U.S. Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station *Greg Ruggerone, Ph.D., Fisheries Scientist for Natural Resources Consultants, Affiliated Research Scientist Alaska Salmon Program, U of Washington Dennis Scarnecchia, Ph. D., Professor of Fish and Wildlife Resources at University of Idaho. Peter Smouse, Ph.D., Professor of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources at Rutgers -
How Optimally Foraging Predators Promote Prey Coexistence in a Variable Environment
Theoretical Population Biology 114 (2017) 40–58 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Theoretical Population Biology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/tpb How optimally foraging predators promote prey coexistence in a variable environment Simon Maccracken Stump ∗, Peter Chesson University of Arizona, United States article info a b s t r a c t Article history: Optimal foraging is one of the major predictive theories of predator foraging behavior. However, how an Received 8 July 2016 optimally foraging predator affects the coexistence of competing prey is not well understood either in a Available online 18 December 2016 constant or variable environment, especially for multiple prey species. We study the impact of optimal foraging on prey coexistence using an annual plant model, with and without annual variation in seed Keywords: germination. Seed predators are modeled using Charnov's model of adaptive diet choice. Our results Optimal foraging theory reveal that multiple prey species can coexist because of this type of predator, and that their effect is Storage effect not greatly modified by environmental variation. However, in diverse communities, the requirements Apparent competition Coexistence for coexistence by optimal foraging alone are very restrictive. Optimally foraging predators can have a Annual plant model strong equalizing effect on their prey by creating a competition–predation trade-off. Thus, their main Type II functional response role in promoting diversity may be to reduce species-average fitness differences, making it easier for other mechanisms, such as the storage effect, to allow multiple species to coexist. Like previous models, our model showed that when germination rates vary, the storage effect from competition promotes coexistence. -
Groundwater Storage Effects from Restoring, Constructing Or Draining
Bring et al. Environ Evid (2020) 9:26 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13750-020-00209-5 Environmental Evidence SYSTEMATIC REVIEW PROTOCOL Open Access Groundwater storage efects from restoring, constructing or draining wetlands in temperate and boreal climates: a systematic review protocol Arvid Bring1* , Lars Rosén2, Josefn Thorslund3, Karin Tonderski4, Charlotte Åberg1, Ida Envall1 and Hjalmar Laudon5 Abstract Background: Wetlands in many parts of the world have been degraded, as use of the land for food production and forestry for human needs have taken precedence. Drainage of wetlands has led to deteriorated wetland conditions and lowered water tables. Across the world, there are several programs for wetland restoration and construction, primarily to reintroduce lost habitats for wildlife, and to obtain nutrient retention functions. In Sweden, recent dry and hot summers have reinforced interest in the hydrological functions that wetlands may have, in particular as poten- tial support for water storage in the landscape and added groundwater storage during dry periods. However, the agreement on substantial efects on groundwater is limited, and there are several critical knowledge gaps, including the extent to which such efects extend outside the wetland itself, and how they vary with local conditions, such as topography, soil, and climate. Therefore, this review will address the groundwater storage efect of restoring, con- structing or draining wetlands in the boreo-temperate region. Methods: We will conduct a systematic review of the evidence, drawing on both peer-reviewed and grey literature. Articles in English, Swedish, Norwegian, Danish, French, German and Polish will be retrieved from academic data- bases, Google Scholar, and websites of specialist organizations. -
Invasion in a Heterogeneous World: Resistance, Coexistence Or Hostile Takeover?
Ecology Letters, (2007) 10: 77–94 doi: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2006.00987.x REVIEW AND SYNTHESIS Invasion in a heterogeneous world: resistance, coexistence or hostile takeover? Abstract Brett A. Melbourne,1* Howard We review and synthesize recent developments in the study of the invasion of V. Cornell,1 Kendi F. Davies,1 communities in heterogeneous environments, considering both the invasibility of the Christopher J. Dugaw,2 Sarah community and impacts to the community. We consider both empirical and theoretical 1 3 Elmendorf, Amy L. Freestone, studies. For each of three major kinds of environmental heterogeneity (temporal, spatial Richard J. Hall,4 Susan Harrison,1 1 1 and invader-driven), we find evidence that heterogeneity is critical to the invasibility of Alan Hastings, Matt Holland, the community, the rate of spread, and the impacts on the community following Marcel Holyoak,1 John invasion. We propose an environmental heterogeneity hypothesis of invasions, whereby Lambrinos,5 Kara Moore1 and Hiroyuki Yokomizo6 heterogeneity both increases invasion success and reduces the impact to native species in the community, because it promotes invasion and coexistence mechanisms that are not possible in homogeneous environments. This hypothesis could help to explain recent findings that diversity is often increased as a result of biological invasions. It could also explain the scale dependence of the diversity–invasibility relationship. Despite the undoubted importance of heterogeneity to the invasion of communities, it has been studied remarkably little and new research is needed that simultaneously considers invasion, environmental heterogeneity and community characteristics. As a young field, there is an unrivalled opportunity for theoreticians and experimenters to work together to build a tractable theory informed by data. -
The Ecology of the Earth's Grazing Ecosystems
The Ecology of the Earth's Grazing Ecosystems Douglas A. Frank; Samuel J. McNaughton; Benjamin F. Tracy BioScience, Vol. 48, No. 7. (Jul., 1998), pp. 513-521. Stable URL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0006-3568%28199807%2948%3A7%3C513%3ATEOTEG%3E2.0.CO%3B2-E BioScience is currently published by American Institute of Biological Sciences. Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/about/terms.html. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at http://www.jstor.org/journals/aibs.html. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. The JSTOR Archive is a trusted digital repository providing for long-term preservation and access to leading academic journals and scholarly literature from around the world. The Archive is supported by libraries, scholarly societies, publishers, and foundations. It is an initiative of JSTOR, a not-for-profit organization with a mission to help the scholarly community take advantage of advances in technology. For more information regarding JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. http://www.jstor.org Mon Oct 29 19:30:32 2007 The Ecology of the Earth's brazing Ecosystems Profound functional similarities exist between the Serengeti and Yellowstone Douglas A. -
New Methods for Quantifying the Spatial Storage Effect: an Illustration with Desert Annuals
Ecology, 88(9), 2007, pp. 2240–2247 Ó 2007 by the Ecological Society of America NEW METHODS FOR QUANTIFYING THE SPATIAL STORAGE EFFECT: AN ILLUSTRATION WITH DESERT ANNUALS 1,3 2,4 ANNA L. W. SEARS AND PETER CHESSON 1Center for Population Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95616 USA 2Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, California 95616 USA Abstract. Recent theory supports the long-held proposition that coexistence is promoted by species-specific responses to a spatially varying environment. The underlying coexistence mechanism, the spatial storage effect, can be quantified by the covariance between response to the environment and competition. Here, ‘‘competition’’ is generalized to encompass similar processes such as facilitation and apparent competition. In the present study, we use a model field system of desert annual plants to demonstrate this method and to provide insight into the dynamics of the field system. Specifically, we use neighborhood competition experiments to quantify the spatial storage effect and compare it to the separate (but not mutually exclusive) process of neighborhood-scale resource partitioning. As our basic experimental design has been used frequently in community ecology, these methods can be applied to many existing data sets, as well as future field studies. Key words: coexistence mechanisms; competition along gradients; environmental variation; facilitation; neighborhood competition; spatial heterogeneity; spatial storage effect. INTRODUCTION effect, frequency dependence arises at scales that According to theory, species can coexist stably in a encompass environmental heterogeneity, for example, community if each has a positive population growth rate patches with different soil conditions. at low population density (Ellner 1989, and see review in Local resource partitioning—in which different spe- Chesson 2000b). -
Density-Dependent Selection in Evolutionary Genetics: a Lottery Model of Grime’S Triangle
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/102087; this version posted February 7, 2017. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. Density-dependent selection in evolutionary genetics: a lottery model of Grime's triangle J Bertram1 and J Masel1 1Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 February 7, 2017 Corresponding author; e-mail: [email protected]. 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/102087; this version posted February 7, 2017. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. Abstract Fitness is typically represented in heavily simplified terms in evolutionary genetics, often using constant selection coefficients. This excludes fundamental ecological factors such as dynamic population size or density-dependence from the most genetically-realistic treatments of evolution, a problem that inspired MacArthur's influential but problematic r/K theory. Following in the spirit of r/K-selection as a general-purpose theory of density-dependent se- lection, but grounding ourselves empirically in \primary strategy" trait classification schemes like Grime's triangle, we develop a new model of density-dependent selection which revolves around territorial contests. To do so, we generalize the classic lottery model of territorial acquisition, which has primarily been used for studying species co-existence questions, to accommodate arbitrary densities. -
How Self-Regulation, the Storage Effect, and Their Interaction Contribute to Coexistence in Stochastic and Seasonal Environments Coralie Picoche, Frédéric Barraquand
How self-regulation, the storage effect, and their interaction contribute to coexistence in stochastic and seasonal environments Coralie Picoche, Frédéric Barraquand To cite this version: Coralie Picoche, Frédéric Barraquand. How self-regulation, the storage effect, and their interaction contribute to coexistence in stochastic and seasonal environments. Theoretical Ecology, Springer 2019, 10.1007/s12080-019-0420-9. hal-02138000 HAL Id: hal-02138000 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02138000 Submitted on 23 May 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. How self-regulation, the storage effect and their interaction contribute to coexistence in stochastic and seasonal environments Coralie Picoche∗;1, Fr´ed´eric Barraquand1;2 1 University of Bordeaux, Integrative and Theoretical Ecology, LabEx COTE, France 2 CNRS, Institute of Mathematics of Bordeaux, France * Corresponding author. Email: [email protected] Abstract Explaining coexistence in species-rich communities of primary producers remains a challenge for ecologists because of their likely competition for shared resources. Following Hutchinson's seminal suggestion, many theoreticians have tried to create diversity through a fluctuating environment, which impairs or slows down competitive exclusion. However, fluctuating-environment models often only produce a dozen of coexisting species at best. -
Prof. Nancy Huntly Department of Biology, Utah State University, USA 11/05/2021, **16:00**, at Your Nearest Available Zoom Machine
Understanding biodiversity, from mountains and deserts to people and cancer Prof. Nancy Huntly Department of Biology, Utah State University, USA 11/05/2021, **16:00**, at your nearest available Zoom machine Professor Burt Kotler and I started our journeys as ecologists together, as graduate students with similar research interests and adjacent office cubicles, and have remained friends and colleagues. We share interests in consumer-resource interactions and community ecology, and this talk will focus on my research in those areas. Burt’s work has advanced understanding of biodiversity, with many contributions on coexistence of mammals, their predators, and their prey, including on what has been called “the ecology of fear”. His approach has leaned to behavior, especially foraging ecology, and communities, mine more to population biology and communities, and I will describe my thoughts on integrating those two views to better understand coexistence in our big and wildly variable world. I will talk about biodiversity through two primary lenses, the mechanistic one of coexistence theory and a more phenomenological one on how people have formed the world around them through large-scale environmental change and some unique behavior as foragers. I will consider especially how the variability of nature, in time and in space, can and does affect biodiversity. Because we are in part observing the impacts of Burt’s career in this seminar series, I will end with some description of how my approach to working as an ecologist has evolved over my career, in particular by more explicitly considering people into ecological models, as collaborators in and beneficiaries of ecological research, and, recently, as ecosystems within which the ecology of cancer plays out. -
Temporally Auto-Correlated Predator Attacks Structure Ecological Communities
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.08.06.455481; this version posted August 8, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. 1 TEMPORALLY AUTO-CORRELATED PREDATOR ATTACKS 2 STRUCTURE ECOLOGICAL COMMUNITIES Sebastian J. Schreiber∗ Department of Evolution and Ecology and Center for Population Biology University of California Davis, CA 95616, USA [email protected] ∗ 3 Abstract: For species regulated by a common predator, the P rule predicts that the prey species that ∗ 4 supports the highest mean predator density (P ) excludes the other prey species. This prediction is re- 5 examined in the presence of temporal fluctuations in the vital rates of the interacting species including 6 predator attack rates. When the fluctuations in predator attack rates are temporally uncorrelated, ∗ 7 the P rule still holds even when the other vital rates are temporally auto-correlated. However, when 8 temporal auto-correlations in attack rates are positive but not too strongly, the prey species can coexist 9 due to the emergence of a positive covariance between predator density and prey vulnerability. This 10 coexistence mechanism is similar to the storage effect for species regulated by a common resource. 11 Strongly positive or negative auto-correlations in attack rates generate a negative covariance between 12 predator density and prey vulnerability and a stochastic priority effect can emerge: with non-zero 13 probability either prey species is excluded. These results highlight how temporally auto-correlated 14 species' interaction rates impact the structure and dynamics of ecological communities. -
The Impact of Mutualisms on Species Richness
TREE 2520 No. of Pages 14 Review The Impact of Mutualisms on Species Richness 1,2, 3 4,5,6 7 Guillaume Chomicki, * Marjorie Weber, Alexandre Antonelli, Jordi Bascompte, and 8 E. Toby Kiers Mutualisms – cooperative interactions among different species – are known to Highlights influence global biodiversity. Nevertheless, theoretical and empirical work has There are contrasting hypotheses about the influence of mutualisms on led to divergent hypotheses about how mutualisms modulate diversity. We ask species richness. here when and how mutualisms influence species richness. Our synthesis We provide a synthetic framework for suggests that mutualisms can promote or restrict species richness depending how mutualisms influence species on mutualist function, the level of partner dependence, and the specificity of the richness at the ecological and evolu- fl partnership. These characteristics, which themselves are in uenced by envi- tionary scales. ronmental and geographic variables, regulate species richness at different Mutualisms can promote or restrict scales by modulating speciation, extinction, and community coexistence. species richness depending on their Understanding the relative impact of these mechanisms on species richness function, level of dependence, and specificity. will require the integration of new phylogenetic comparative models as well as the manipulation and monitoring of experimental communities and their result- Because the outcomes of mutualisms ing interaction networks. are highly dependent on environmental variables, we forecast that the effects of mutualisms on species richness Mutualisms and Species Richness: An Ecological and Evolutionary are also strongly influenced by biotic, Conundrum abiotic, and geographic variables across ecological and evolutionary Mutualisms – cooperative interactions among different species – are ubiquitous, have shaped timescales.