Kings and Prophets in the OT
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Kings and prophets in Israel and Judah United kingdom Name Meaning of name Son of… Reigned for… Cause of death Contemporary Reference prophet(s) Saul Desired Kish 42 years Died in battle (1 Samuel 1 Samuel 9-31/ 1 Samuel 31:3-4) Chronicles 10 David Beloved Jesse 40 years Natural Samuel, Nathan, 1 Samuel 16:1-1 Gad Kings 2:12/ 1 Chronicles 11-29 Solomon Peaceful David 40 years Natural Nathan, Ahijah 1 Kings 1-11/ 1 Chronicles 29:21- 2 Chronicles 9 Divided kingdom: Judah In Judah, the Davidic dynasty continued unbroken, except for the 6 years in which Athaliah reigned. The shortest reign was 3 months long (Jehoahaz and Jehoiachin), while the longest was 55 years (Manasseh). According to scholars, Judah was an independent nation for 345 years until it fell to Babylon in 587 B.C. Name Meaning of Son of… Reigned Cause of death Contemporary Contemporary Reference name for… king(s) in Israel prophet(s) Rehoboam Enlarger of Solomon 17 years Natural Jeroboam Ahijah, Shemaiah 1 Kings 12- the people 14/ 2 Chronicles 10-12 Abijah My father is Rehoboam 3 years Natural Jeroboam 1 Kings Yahweh 15:1-8/ 2 Chronicles Name Meaning of Son of… Reigned Cause of death Contemporary Contemporary Reference name for… king(s) in Israel prophet(s) 13:1-12:1 Asa Physician/ Abijah 41 years Natural Jeroboam, Nadab, Azariah, Hanani 1 Kings healer Baasha, Elah, 15:9-24/ 2 Zimri, Omri, Ahab Chronicles 14:2-16:14 Jehoshaphat Yahweh has Asa 35 years Natural Ahab, Ahaziah, Eliezer, Jahaziel, 1 Kings judged Joram Jehu 22:42-50, 2 Kings 3/ 2 Chronicles 17:1-21:3 Jehoram/Joram Yahweh is Jehoshaphat 8 years Struck by Yahweh Joram Elijah 2 Kings exalted (2 Chronicles 8:16-24/ 2 21:15, 18-19) Chronicles 21:4-20 Ahaziah Sustained by Jehoram 1 year Killed by Jehu (2 Joram 2 Kings Yahweh Kings 9:27-28/ 2 8:25-9:29/ 2 Chronicles 22:9 ) Chronicles 22:1-9 (Athaliah) Afflicted of (Daughter of 6 years Killed on order of Jehu 2 Kings 11/ Yahweh Ahab and wife Jehoiada the priest 2 Chronicles of Jehoram) (2 Kings 11:16/ 2 22:10-23:21 Chronicles 23:15) Joash Given by Ahaziah 40 years Murder (2 Kings Jehu, Jehoahaz 2 Kings 12/ Yahweh 12:20-21/ 2 2 Chronicles Chronicles 24:25- 24 26) Amaziah Yahweh is Joash 29 years Murder (2 Kings Jehoash, Jeroboam 2 Kings mighty 14:19-20/ 2 II 14:1-20/ 2 Chronicles 25:27) Chronicles 25 Name Meaning of Son of… Reigned Cause of death Contemporary Contemporary Reference name for… king(s) in Israel prophet(s) Azariah/ Uzziah Yahweh has Amaziah 52 years Probably natural, Jeroboam II, Isaiah, Hosea, 2 Kings helped though he Zechariah, Amos 15:1-7/ 2 suffered from Shallum, Chronicles leprosy. Menahem, 26 Pekahiah, Pekah Jotham Yahweh is Azariah/ Uzziah 16 years Natural Pekah Isaiah, Hosea, 2 Kings upright Micah 15:32-38/ 2 Chronicles 27 Ahaz Possessor Jotham 16 years Natural Pekah, Hoshea Isaiah, Hosea, 2 Kings 16/ Micah 2 Chronicles 28 Hezekiah Yahweh is my Ahaz 29 years Natural Hoshea Isaiah, Hosea, 2 Kings strength -EXILE- Micah 18:1-20:22/ 2 Chronicles 29-32 Manasseh Forgetting/ Hezekiah 55 years Natural 2 Kings causing to 21:1-18/ 2 forget Chronicles 33:1-20 Amon Builder Manasseh 2 years Murder (2 Kings 2 Kings 21:23-24/ 2 21:19-26/ 2 Chronicles 33:24) Chronicles 33:21-25 Josiah Whom Amon 31 years Battle wounds (2 Huldah, Jeremiah, 2 Kings Yahweh heals Kings 23:29/ 2 Zephaniah 22:1-23:30/ 2 Chronicles 35:23- Chronicles 24) 34:1-36:1 Jehoahaz Yahweh has Josiah 3 months Unknown, in Jeremiah 2 Kings grasped Egypt (2 Kings 23:31-35/ 2 Name Meaning of Son of… Reigned Cause of death Contemporary Contemporary Reference name for… king(s) in Israel prophet(s) 23:34/ 2 Chronicles Chronicles 36:4) 36:2-4 Jehoiakim Yahweh will Josiah 11 years Unknown, in Jeremiah 2 Kings establish Babylon (2 23:36-24:6/ 2 Chronicles 36:6) Chronicles 36:5-8 Jehoiachin Yahweh Jehoiakim 3 months Unknown, in Jeremiah 2 Kings establishes Babylon (2 Kings 24:8-17/ 2 24:15, 2 Chronicles Chronicles 36:10) 26:9-10 Zedekiah Yahweh is Josiah 11 years Unknown, in Jeremiah 2 Kings righteous Babylon (2 Kings 24:18-25:21/ 25:7) 2 Chronicles 36:11-13 Divided kingdom: Israel In Israel there were nine ruling families, and lots of unnatural deaths. The length of the reigns range from 1 week (Zimri) to 41 years (Jeroboam II). Israel was an independent nation for 209 years after the split with Judah. It fell in 722 B.C. to the Assyrians, never to recover. Name Meaning of Son of… Reigned Cause of death Contemporary Contemporary Reference name for… king(s) in Judah prophet(s) Jeroboam The people Nebat 22 years Struck down by Rehoboam, Abijah, Ahijah 1 Kings contend Yahweh (2 Asa 12:20-14:20 Chronicles 13:20) Nadab Generous Jeroboam 2 years Killed by Baasha (1 Asa 1 Kings Kings 15:28) 15:25-32 Baasha Wicked/ Ahijah 24 years Natural Asa 1 Kings Name Meaning of Son of… Reigned Cause of death Contemporary Contemporary Reference name for… king(s) in Judah prophet(s) boldness 15:33-16:7 Elah Oak/ terebinth Baasha 2 years Killed by Zimri (1 Asa 1 Kings 16:8- Kings 16:10) 14 Zimri My gift/ my 7 days Suicide (1 Kings Asa 1 Kings music 16:18) 16:15-20 Omri Pupil/servant 12 years Natural Asa 1 Kings of Yahweh 16:23-28 Ahab The father is Omri 22 years Killed in battle (1 Asa, Jehoshaphat Elijah, Micaiah 1 Kings my brother Kings 22:34) 16:29-22:40 Ahaziah Sustained by Ahab 2 years Struck down by Jehoshaphat Elijah, Elisha 1 Kings Yahweh Yahweh (2 Kings 22:52-2 1:2, 17) Kings 1:18 Joram Yahweh is Ahab 12 years Killed by Jehu (2 Jehoshaphat, Elisha 2 Kings 3, exalted Kings 9:24) Jehoram, Ahaziah 9:14-26 Jehu Yahweh is he Nimshi 28 years Natural (Athaliah), Joash Elisha 2 Kings 9:1- 10:35 Jehoahaz Yahweh has Jehu 17 years Natural Joash Elisha 2 Kings 13:1- grasped 9 Jehoash Given by Jehoahaz 16 years Natural Joash, Amaziah Elisha 2 Kings Yahweh 13:10-25 Jeroboam The people Jehoash 41 years Natural Amaziah, Azariah Amos 2 Kings contend 14:23-29 Zechariah Yahweh Jeroboam 6 months Killed by Shallum Azariah 2 Kings 15:8- remembers (2 Kings 15:10) 12 Shallum Retribution Jabesh 1 month Killed by Azariah 2 Kings Menahem (2 Kings 15:13-15 15:14) Menahem Comforter Gadi 10 years Natural Azariah 2 Kings 15:16-22 Name Meaning of Son of… Reigned Cause of death Contemporary Contemporary Reference name for… king(s) in Judah prophet(s) Pekahiah Yahweh sees Menahem 2 years Killed by Pekah (2 Azariah 2 Kings Kings 15:25) 15:23-26 Pekah Open-eyed Remaliah 20 years Killed by Hoshea Azariah, Jotham 2 Kings (2 Kings 15:30) 15:27-31 Hoshea Salvation Elah 9 years Unknown. Very Ahaz, Hezekiah 2 Kings 17:1- likely violent, 6 considering Assyrian invasion. Named prophets in Israel and Judah I used a very loose definition of ‘prophet’ so as to include all those named people who gave a word from God. There are three broad categories: pre-exilic prophets, exilic prophets and post-exilic prophets, all in reference to the fall of Jerusalem (not Samaria). Pre-exilic prophets Name Meaning of name Son of… Kingdom of Contemporary kings Reference ministry Samuel Heard of God Elkanah United Saul 1 Samuel 1-19 Gad A troop United Saul, David 1 Samuel 22:5, 2 Samuel 24:11-19/ 1 Chronicles 21:9-13 Nathan A giver United David 2 Samuel 7- 1 Kings 1 Ahijah Brother/ friend of Yahweh United, Judah, Solomon, Jeroboam 1 Kings 11-14 Israel Shemaiah Judah Rehoboam 1 Kings 12:22-24/ 2 Chronicles 10:2, 12:7-8 Azariah Yahweh has helped Oded Judah Asa 2 Chronicles 15:1-7 Hanani Judah Asa 2 Chronicles 16:7-9 Elijah Yahweh is my God Israel Ahab, Ahaziah, Joram 1 Kings 17-2 Kings 3 Name Meaning of name Son of… Kingdom of Contemporary kings Reference ministry Micaiah Who is like Yahweh? Israel Ahab 1 Kings 22/ 2 Chronicles 18 Jehu Hanani Judah Jehoshaphat 2 Chronicles19:2 Jahaziel Zechariah Judah Jehoshaphat 2 Chronicles 20:14-17 Eliezer Dodavahu Judah Jehoshaphat 2 Chronicles 20: 37 Elisha God is salvation Israel Ahab, Ahaziah, Joram, Jehu, 1 Kings 19- 2 Kings 13 Jehoahaz, Jehoash Zechariah Yahweh remembers Jehoiada Judah Joash 2 Chronicles 24:20 Isaiah Yahweh has saved Amoz Judah Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, Hezekiah Hosea Salvation Beeri Israel Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, Hosea Hezekiah Amos Burden Israel Uzziah (Judah), Jeroboam Amos (Israel) Jonah Dove Amittai Israel, Assyria Jeroboam (Israel) 2 Kings 14:25, Jonah Micah Who is like Yahweh? Judah Jotham, Ahaz, Hezekiah Huldah Weasel Wife of Shallum Judah Josiah 2 Kings 22:14-20/ 2 Chronicles 34:22-28 Zephaniah Yahweh has Cushi Judah Josiah concealed/treasured Jeremiah Whom Yahweh has appointed Hilkiah Judah Josiah, Jehoahaz, Jehoiakim, Jehoiachin, Zedekiah, early exile Joel Yahweh is God Pethuel Judah1 Nahum Comfort/ consolation Nineveh (Assyria)2 1Though he gives no temporal information, Joel makes a number of references to Zion; Judah and Jerusalem. 2 Nahum 1:1 tells us that he’s from Elkosh, whose location is unknown Name Meaning of name Son of… Kingdom of Contemporary kings Reference ministry Habakkuk Embrace Judah3 Obadiah Servant of Yahweh Judah4 Exilic prophets in Babylon Name Meaning of name Son of… Contemporary rulers Ezekiel God will strengthen Buzi Nebuchadnezzar, Evil Merodach Daniel God is my judge Nebuchadnezzar, Belshazzar, Darius, Cyrus, and everyone in between5 Post-exilic prophets in Judah King Cyrus of Persia made an edict that allowed all exiled peoples (not only the Jews) to return to their homelands (see 2 Chronicles 36:22).