INTERMOUNTAIN HISTORIES Bootlegging in Fort Collins, MAPPING THE STORIES OF WEST Colorado As the temperance movement celebrated Intermountain Inter-Tribal School the ratification of the 18th amendment, pro- After World War II, the Bureau of Indian hibiting the sale and consumption of alcohol, Affairs converted a Brigham City, Utah, army crime rates soared. The underground trade hospital into a school designed to assimi- Chinese Pioneers in late young Native Americans into American the Boise Basin BY JANE TALLMADGE of alcohol exploded, largely in part by immi- grants combating tough living conditions. culture. After years of enrolling only Navajo In the latter half of the 19th century, Chinese In this photograph, Larimer County police students, in 1974 the school decided to teach immigrants flooded the mining towns of officers wait by a cache of seized moonshine. students from 26 different tribes across the ’s Boise Basin, accounting for nearly Researched by Caroline Cutshall, Alan Linenburger, Devan country. But intertribal tensions couldn’t be 50 percent of the population. The majority of Walsh, and Matt Witczak, Colorado State University contained in the close quarters of the school. these workers were men, though there were In February 1975, riots exploded, leading to also women and children. Public schools were The Intermountain West is characterized by stories of Twenties to the aftermath of World War II, students of collaborat- the injury of police officers and the eventual integrated, and immigrants from both Europe immigrants from across the world who embodied American grit ing university professors across the Intermountain West research closure of the school. This photograph shows and China grew together as a community. and determination. The Charles Redd Center for Western Studies’ these stories, which are then edited and published by BYU profes- a group of female students. By the early 20th century, Chinese exclusion Intermountain Histories sponsors a website and app that tell the sor Brenden W. Rensink, the project manager and general editor, Researched by Terrence Wride, Brigham Young University laws drove many immigrants back across tales of these spirited individuals and the peculiar incidents, dan- and his team of BYU student researchers and editorial assistants. the Pacific, but their influence remained. This gerous journeys, and curious landscapes they encountered as they Tour the region and be a part of the story from any location at photograph, taken in 1898, is of a vegetable settled their new homes. Chronicling the early days of exploration intermountainhistories.org or on the mobile app. peddler in Idaho City. by French trappers to the excitement and crime of the Roaring Researched by Renae Campbell,

The Polly Bemis House in Idaho Massacre in Ludlow, Colorado As a young girl born in China, Polly Bemis Following a seven-month strike against the World War II Navy Training at President Kennedy Visits Colorado Fuel and Iron Company, gunfire ended up in the hands of bandits, who some Arizona State Teachers College University of Wyoming War broke out between strikers and state militia Relocation of Japanese American As the draft drew thousands of young men Memorial Fieldhouse sources say purchased her from her impov- Basque Culture in Boise, Idaho on April 20, 1914. Throughout the protest, Citizens in California to the front lines of World War II, small learn- The first public speech made by President erished family. These bandits shipped her to Basque culture is unique and distinct, thriv- strikers and their families had been living In 1942, under civil and military control, ing institutions such as the Arizona State John F. Kennedy in the Intermountain West the United States, selling her to a man named ing in both its homeland of the Pyrenees at the Ludlow tent colony, situated below a Japanese families created a community at Teachers College (ASTC), now Northern was at the University of Wyoming as part of Hong King, a saloon owner in the mining mountains between Spain and France and ridge where the state militia was stationed. Manzanar, a Japanese internment camp in Arizona University, saw their class sizes his conservation tour. In his speech, President town of Warrens, Idaho. When the 1892 Geary on a city block in Boise, Idaho. The com- Militiamen trained their machine guns and California. Despite being removed from their dwindle. The navy selected ASTC as a site Kennedy emphasized using resources wisely Act required all Chinese immigrants to have munity in western Idaho is one of the larg- cannons at the tents, and at the sound of a Oregon, California, and Washington homes for the Navy College Training Program, in order to maintain America’s status on the legal residency, Polly married her lover Charlie est Basque neighborhoods in the United warning explosion, strikers began shooting. and being subject to forced labor, the com- transforming it into a college and naval base world stage as well as to preserve quality of Bemis, a neighbor of the saloon. She contin- States, with over 16,000 residents. Along this The violence lasted for 11 hours, resulting in munity sent their children to school, operated that provided new sailors and marines with life. The speech was given on September 25, ued living in his home after his death, a house sunny street, the public can experience the the deaths of two women and 12 children. soda and ice cream shops, and more. Among both an education and basic training. 1963, almost two months before his assassi- that is popular among visitors today. This 1894 vibrancy of Basque culture through muse- Researched by Natalie Larsen, Brigham Young University the barbed wire and guard towers, residents Researched by Christian Flanders, Northern Arizona University nation in Dallas, Texas. photograph is of Polly in her wedding dress. ums, festivals, and restaurants. made lifelong friends. This is a portrait of a Researched by Anastasiia Shuvaeva, Northern Arizona Researched by Dani Carmack, Brigham Young University Researched by John Fisk, University of Idaho cabbage farmer at the camp. University INTERMOUNTAINHISTORIES.COM FROM TAKEN PHOTOS Researched by Lee Hanover, University of Nevada, Las Vegas

12 THE COLLEGE OF FAMILY, HOME, AND SOCIAL SCIENCES CONNECTIONS 2019 13