DOCSLIB.ORG

1 the Coronavirus and the Perils of Expert-Driven Policy Salvatore

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
1 the Coronavirus and the Perils of Expert-Driven Policy Salvatore The Coronavirus and the Perils of Expert-Driven Policy Salvatore Babones When the Australian Senate's Select Committee on COVID-19 held its first public hearings on April 23, 2020, the first witness it called to appear was, quite naturally, the country's Chief Medical Officer (CMO), Prof Brendan Murphy. As Australia's CMO and chair of the Australian Health Protection Principal Committee (AHPPC), Prof Murphy was the public face of the government's coronavirus response. Prof Murphy told the Senate's COVID-19 Committee that he 'first heard notification through the WHO [World Health Organization] on New Year's Day, on 1 January that there was a cluster of pneumonia of unknown aetiology in Wuhan'. For the next three weeks, Prof Murphy told the COVID-19 Committee, he and the AHPPC were in 'watching mode ... getting data out of the WHO, from our counterparts in other countries and from the CDC [the United States Centres for Disease Control]'.1 Prof Murphy said that on January 19, he and the AHPPC 'moved to a very different mode', issuing a travel advisory for Wuhan and notifying the Australian National Incident Room. What Prof Murphy actually told the public on Sunday, January 19 was: The situation warrants close attention and an evidence-based response and there is no cause for alarm in Australia. Australia has well established mechanisms to respond to ill travelers at points of entry. Under Australian legislation airlines must report passengers on board showing signs of an infectious disease, including fever, sweats or chills. Planes reporting ill travellers are met on arrival by biosecurity officers who make an assessment and take necessary actions, such as isolation and referral to hospital where required. The World Health Organization position does not currently recommend any travel advisory for China, or additional measures at airports beyond our established mechanisms. [...] Australia has processes in place to enhance border measures in relation to a communicable disease, if required, working through our established Health Protection system.2 [emphasis added] In other words, he confirmed business as usual. Preparations for a travel advisory for Wuhan weren't actually announced until Tuesday, January 21.3 In that January 21 message, Prof Murphy detailed the provisions that Australia would take at the border: All passengers on these direct flights will receive information about the virus on arrival requesting that they identify themselves to biosecurity officers at the airport if they are unwell. Once again, business as usual. That might not be surprising, except for the fact that on the previous day, Monday, January 20, China admitted that it had been lying to the world about the severity and infectiousness of the coronavirus, reporting 139 new cases of the coronavirus in Wuhan, Beijing, and Shenzhen.4 Cases were also reported in Japan, South Korea, and Thailand.5 Knowledge of the new cases may or may not have called for a more aggressive public health response, but knowledge of China's obfuscation should have raised alarm bells in the National Security Committee of Cabinet (NSC) that the AHPPC, acting primarily on advice from the WHO, might not have access to accurate and complete information about the evolving epidemic. 1 Returning to Prof Murphy's April appearance before the COVID-19 Committee, Senator James Paterson asked him 'what were the key, most important, decisions that the government made' in the early days of the crisis. In response, Prof Murphy answered that 'the most important early decisions were related to border measures'. He went on to explain that: China was clearly, in that early phase, the epicentre. It wasn't just Hubei province; it was spreading rapidly in other provinces of China. We knew that the greatest risk to uncontrolled transmission was in imported cases. As an island, we were in a position of perhaps doing border measures more effectively than other countries, so the unanimous health advice of the Health Protection Principal Committee was that we should do that. If only that were true, Australia might have entirely avoided the massive economic disruption causes by coronavirus shutdowns inside the country. In fact, Prof Murphy and the AHPPC repeatedly advised against more stringent border measures. On January 31, more than a week after China had locked down 50 million people in Wuhan and Hubei province, Prof Murphy said at a joint press conference with Health Minister Greg Hunt: The World Health Organization strongly recommends that country – nations do not ban flights from China because unless you lockdown exit from the country, banning flights, direct flights, doesn't stop people coming from China. [...] It seems likely that China is increasingly blocking export of its residents, so they are reducing tour groups coming out of China and if the outbreak in provinces other than Hubei, which is now completely locked down, increase, I believe they will stop exits from China which is a more effective way. [...] So at the moment, our Health Protection Principal Committee does not recommend banning direct flights from China, as it's not a public health measure.6 [emphasis added] According to his Senate remarks, Prof Murphy woke up the very next morning, Saturday, February 1, to tell Health Minister Greg Hunt that an 'urgent convening' of the NSC was needed to ban non-residents from entering Australia directly from China. The story was further developed in The Age by Melbourne editor Jewel Topsfield7 and the Sydney Morning Herald by political editor Peter Hartcher.8 According to these two reports, on the morning of February 1, Prof Murphy sent Hunt the message that 'we now have sustained human-to- human transmission outside Wuhan; I think we are going to have to close the border to China'. Hunt called Prime Minister Scott Morrison, who ordered a meeting of the AHPPC. Hunt then set up a conference call with Murphy and Morrison. Murphy advised Morrison that 'there's a very strong risk of this spreading to Australia', which prompted Morrison to ask 'are you recommending that we close the border to China?' Murphy reportedly answered yes, prompting the NSC to act. Yet when the AHPPC did meet on the morning of February 1, what they actually decided was to 'expand the case definition for novel coronavirus infection from 1 February 2020 to apply to people from all of mainland China'.9 This, only after noting 'the increasing (but still relatively small) number of cases in provinces outside Hubei Province'. In other words, the AHPPC unanimously changed its opinion on travel from China, overnight, based on no new information or guidance from the WHO, which continued (and continues to this day) to recommend against restrictions on international travel. The NSC apparently considered the AHPPC's definitional change to be 'new and urgent information' and accordingly banned non- residents from entering Australia directly from China.10 2 Speaking at a press conference the next day, Sunday, February 2, Prof Murphy confirmed this account of the AHPPC's reasoning, that the sweeping travel ban resulted from nothing more than a definitional change. He explained that: Yesterday AHPPC came to the point where we believe that the spread of the virus outside of the Hubei Province in other provinces of China, while still relatively small numbers, represents evidence of sustained human to human transmission in those provinces. And we and other countries have now broadened our definition of the cases of potentially infected people to include anyone who has been in mainland China who has relevant symptoms. A corollary of that is, that extends to our travel warning and it also means that, given that we have undertaken a precautionary approach to quarantine people who had come back to infected areas; that used to apply to Hubei Province, but now it is applying to people who have come from mainland China from the 1st of February.11 [emphasis added] A much more likely explanation of the AHPPC's Saturday morning change of heart is the fact that the United States announced its own China travel ban on January 31, meaning that Australians awoke to the news on the morning of February 1. Prof Murphy seems to have overlooked this fact in his April Senate remarks, when he said that 'I think, in retrospect, our colleagues in ... the US regret that they didn't do the same' -- i.e., impose restrictions on travel from China. Of course, the US did impose restrictions. Australia followed suit within 24 hours. It seems unlikely (to say the least) that this was a mere coincidence, but that is the story we have been asked to believe, by Prof. Murphy, by Minister Hunt, and by the AHPPC. A more likely account Attempting to reconcile Prof Murphy's April remarks to the COVID-19 Committee to his public statements as the crisis unfolded, it is just possible that in early February, the AHPPC actually was keen to prevent the importation of coronavirus into Australia. But as the month wore on, it became more and more apparent that the AHPPC was in favor of relaxing border controls. On February 13, the AHPPC recommended that special exemptions to the China travel restrictions should be considered.12 On February 19, the AHPPC recommended that Year 11 and 12 students (i.e., teenagers) be allowed to travel from China to resume their studies in Australia, and that entry be considered for university students.13 On February 26, the AHPPC reiterated this advice, and began to build a case against restrictions on travel from Iran, Italy, and South Korea: 'extending travel bans to restrict travel from multiple countries is not likely to be feasible or effective in the medium term'.14 On February 29, the AHPPC flatly stated that: AHPPC believes that, in general, border measures can no longer prevent importation of COVID-19 and does not support the further widespread application of travel restrictions to an increasing number of countries that have community transmission.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Rapid Research Information Forum, the Predictive Value Of
    30 April 2020 The Hon Greg Hunt MP Minister for Health Parliament House CANBERRA ACT 2600 CC: The Hon Karen Andrews MP, Minister for Industry, Science and Technology Dr Brendan Murphy, Chief Medical Officer Dear Minister Please find attached a response to your request for advice on the predictive value of serological antibody tests and the comparability of point-of-care tests to laboratory tests. This rapid response has been prepared by the Rapid Research Information Forum that I Chair. The report synthesises the evidence base on this matter and has been informed by relevant experts and has been peer reviewed. Details of the authors and peer reviewers can be found in the Appendix. I hope this document proves useful to you and your colleagues. Yours sincerely, Dr Alan Finkel AO FAA FTSE FAHMS Australia’s Chief Scientist GPO Box 2013 Telephone: +61 2 6102 9210 Email: [email protected] Canberra ACT 2601 Facsimile: +61 2 6213 6558 Web: www.chiefscientist.gov.au Australia Rapid Research Information Forum The predictive value of serological testing during the COVID-19 pandemic 30 April 2020 This rapid research brief responds to the request for advice on the predictive value of serological antibody tests and the comparability of point-of-care (POC) tests to laboratory tests. • Point-of-care (POC) and laboratory-based serological tests can be used to detect antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. Globally, health authorities are evaluating their use to determine individual immunity, the prevalence of infection in the population, to aid in diagnosis, to aid in contact tracing, and to inform when restrictions can be eased.
    [Show full text]
  • Dr Omar Khorshid, Doorstop, Fremantle, Tuesday, 4 May 2021
    Australian Medical Association Limited ABN 37 008 426 793 42 Macquarie Street, Barton ACT 2600: PO Box 6090, Kingston ACT 2604 Telephone: (02) 6270 5400 Facsimile (02) 6270 5499 Website : http://www.ama.com.au/ Transcript: AMA President, Dr Omar Khorshid, Doorstop, Fremantle, Tuesday, 4 May 2021 Subject: Australians in India, hospital supplies, COVID restrictions on birthing suites, aged care OMAR KHORSHID: Today, I wrote to the Prime Minister Scott Morrison and Federal Health Minister Greg Hunt, on behalf of the AMA, asking them to immediately withdraw the threats to Australians who are stranded in India, to jail them, imprison them, or fine them heavily for simply wanting to return home and to escape the devastation that is occurring at the moment in India. To be clear, the AMA is supportive of the pause on flights so that our hotel quarantine system can be readied for the increased risk that we are clearly seeing now of Australians returning with the virus, making absolutely sure that Australia is safe in the event that we have increased numbers coming through from India. But the announcement from the Government has caused a lot of distress in our community. There's been outrage from a very wide range of groups, including many doctors, AMA members, and in particular members of our Indian medical community who have been distressed beyond words with this announcement, on top of the distress that they're already experiencing with friends and family being exposed to the terrible risks that are occurring in India. We believe that there is a clear way forward here.
    [Show full text]
  • The Australian Health System Response to COVID-19 from a Resilient Health Care Perspective: What Have We Learned?
    December 2020; Vol. 30(4):e3042025 https://doi.org/10.17061/phrp3042025 www.phrp.com.au Perspective The Australian health system response to COVID-19 from a resilient health care perspective: what have we learned? Robin Clay-Williamsa,b, Frances Rapporta and Jeffrey Braithwaitea a Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW b Corresponding author: [email protected] Article history Abstract Publication date: December 2020 As of late 2020, Australia’s response to the coronavirus disease 2019 Citation: Clay-Williams R, Rapport F, (COVID-19) pandemic has been relatively successful in comparison with Braithwaite J. The Australian health responses in Northern Europe and the US – but what have we learned? In system response to COVID-19 from a this perspective, we used a resilient health care approach to frame the health resilient health care perspective: what system response in three key Australian states (New South Wales, Victoria have we learned? Public Health Res and Queensland) with large and diverse population groups. We assessed Pract. 2020;30(4):e3042025. https://doi. their response in terms of four resilience capacities: how did Australian health org/10.17061/phrp3042025 authorities monitor public health to enable anomalies to be detected; how did they anticipate the emerging COVID-19 crisis; how did they respond to the pandemic; and what did they learn from this experience? Increased system Key points agility and new ways of working, including contact tracing, telehealth and resource-sharing, are now available to underpin Australia’s response to future • Australia’s response to the COVID-19 challenges or other unexpected events.
    [Show full text]
  • The Hon. Scott Morrison MP TRANSCRIPT PRESS
    The Hon. Scott Morrison MP Prime Minister TRANSCRIPT PRESS CONFERENCE AUSTRALIAN PARLIAMENT HOUSE, ACT SUNDAY 22 MARCH 2020 EO&E… PRIME MINISTER: ...all members of that National Cabinet have reaffirmed our commitment to just how important the National Cabinet is to ensure that all governments are working closely together to put in place various arrangements and supports to ensure the Australian people can come through this together over the very difficult months ahead. I want to thank all members of the National Cabinet for coming together this evening and to work through the many issues that have been raised, particularly over the course of the day so I can stand here tonight with the Chief Medical Officer and provide some clarity as to a number of issues that has arisen over the course of the day. So the National Cabinet, I want to assure Australians, is working and will continue to work and all of its members are very committed to its processes and its decisions. Secondly, the measures I'm going to take you through tonight relate to two particular areas. The first one is in relation to places of gathering, of social gathering, and I want to take you through some new rules. Stage one of those rules which premiers and chief ministers will go into further detail tomorrow as they move to legislate and regulate the changes we're putting in place. The second in relation to schools and I want to reinforce, as the Chief Medical Officer I'm sure will, that there has been no change to the advice, the health advice, in relation to schools.
    [Show full text]
  • Group of Eight Australia Report
    22 March 2020 The Hon Greg Hunt MP Minister for Health Parliament House Dear Minister, Last week we were requested by the CMO, Professor Brendan Murphy, to convene a group of Go8 Experts to discuss and synthesize recommendations on the scope and scale of Social Distancing Measures, with particular attention to School Closures and Public Gatherings in the context of Australia’s response to COVID. Please find attached the advice of that group of eminent Go8 infectious disease researchers; the national leaders; many globally recognised as leaders in their fields; and some with critical experience in management of EBOLA and SARS management. From that infectious disease lens and from the escalation of cases in just the past few hours in Australia, we support the stronger decisions being now taken by Government and what we term as the “go now, go hard and go smart” strategy. The Go8 sees its role as to provide you with the very best possible advice to assist you in making extremely difficult and complex political decisions. We are basically here at your service and will continue to be within any timeframe you require of us. To that end, the short time available to us for this specific advice, did not allow for modelling nor for strategic ‘exit’ strategies nor timescales. We will move on to that immediately. We can provide this high-quality advice for you, and most likely within less than a week. I can liaise with the CMO’s office to discuss this further as you wish. I hope we have helped you with the following advice, and that it can assist you as you wrestle with solutions and in making decisions, that while for the nation’s good, may not be welcomed by all.
    [Show full text]
  • Inquiry Into the Victorian Government's Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic
    PARLIAMENT OF VICTORIA Public Accounts and Estimates Committee Inquiry into the Victorian Government’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic Parliament of Victoria Public Accounts and Estimates Committee Ordered to be published VICTORIAN GOVERNMENT PRINTER February 2021 PP No 203, Session 2018-2021 ISBN 978 1 922425 18 8 (print version), 978 1 922425 19 5 (PDF version) Committee membership CHAIR DEPUTY CHAIR Lizzie Blandthorn Richard Riordan Sam Hibbins David Limbrick Pascoe Vale Polwarth Prahran South Eastern Metropolitan Gary Maas Danny O’Brien Pauline Richards Tim Richardson Narre Warren South Gippsland South Cranbourne Mordialloc Ingrid Stitt Nina Taylor Bridget Vallence Western Metropolitan Southern Metropolitan Evelyn PAEC member until PAEC member from 13 October 2020 14 October 2020 ii Public Accounts and Estimates Committee About the Committee Functions The Public Accounts and Estimates Committee is a joint parliamentary committee constituted under the Parliamentary Committees Act 2003 (the Act). The Committee comprises ten members of Parliament drawn from both Houses of Parliament. The Committee carries out investigations and reports to Parliament on matters associated with the financial management of the State. Its functions under the Act are to inquire into, consider and report to the Parliament on: • any proposal, matter or thing concerned with public administration or public sector finances • the annual estimates or receipts and payments and other Budget papers and any supplementary estimates of receipts or payments presented to the Assembly and the Council • audit priorities for the purposes of the Audit Act 1994. The Committee also has a number of statutory responsibilities in relation to the Office of the Auditor-General and Parliamentary Budget Office.
    [Show full text]
  • 2010 Yearbook
    INSPIRE LEADERS DRIVE CHANGE CREATE NETWORKS FUTURE MAKERS MISSION AN INNOVATIVE, INDEPENDENT, NOT-for-profit orgANISATION DEVELOPING PEOPLE WHO EXERCISE POSITIVE AND ENDURING LEADERSHIP IN AND FOR THE REAL WORLD. 20 10 Contents 5 Contents A Reflection on the Year that was, from the Chair and Executive Director 6 An Alumni Welcome to LV’s New Graduates 9 Mark Scott, Managing Director of the ABC: “…On Leadership” 10 LV’s Inaugural Leader in Residence, Christine Kotur 12 Williamson Community Leadership Program 16 ExperienceBank Leadership Program 30 Case Studies 51 LV Guest Speakers 56 Organisations Supported by LV 60 LV Council 62 LV Team 64 Our Partners 66 Thank You 67 LEADERSHIP VICTORIA 6 Chair and Executive Director Chair and Executive Director 7 well as hundreds of community-based organisations. now offers greater opportunities for Alumni to contribute One of the many ways our Alumni contribute is through to a more strategic range of initiatives with significant joining not-for-profit Boards. We believe that governance organisations who work with us in partnership. A Reflection on of not-for-profit organisations is a key leadership issue and An important step in the evolution of LV has been the our Board Orientation Series (BOS) provides an innovative rejuvenation of our brand. This year we worked hard to orientation to this critical aspect of community leadership. identify the four key messages that best articulate the various the Year that was, In 2010 we have been very pleased to introduce a new elements of our work. These key messages combine to addition to our suite of leadership development programs.
    [Show full text]
  • The Hon. Scott Morrison MP the Hon. Greg Hunt MP Professor Brendan
    The Hon. Scott Morrison MP Prime Minister The Hon. Greg Hunt MP Minister for Health Professor Brendan Murphy Chief Medical Officer JOINT MEDIA RELEASE Friday 13 March 2020 ADVICE ON CORONAVIRUS Based on the expert medical advice of the Australian Health Protection Principal Committee (AHPPC), Commonwealth, State and Territory governments have agreed to provide public advice against holding non-essential, organised public gatherings of more than 500 people from Monday 16th March 2020. A new National Cabinet, made up of the Prime Minister, Premiers and Chief Ministers has been set up and will meet at least weekly to address the country’s response to the coronavirus, COVID-19. The AHPPC, led by the Commonwealth’s Chief Medical Officer and comprising the chief health and medical officers from each jurisdiction, together with the National Coordination Mechanism convened by the Department of Home Affairs, will be the primary bodies that will advise the National Cabinet. The National Coordination Mechanism will work across all jurisdictions, industry and key stakeholders to ensure a consistent approach to managing the impacts of this pandemic beyond immediate health issues. The recommendation to advise against non-essential, organised public gatherings of more than 500 people is precautionary and designed to reduce community transmission of COVID-19 in Australia. The advice from the AHPPC was that this measure will slow the increase in the number of new cases, given community transmission in Australia is increasing. Essential services such as schools, workplaces, hospitals, public transportation, domestic travel and universities as well as public transient places such as shopping centres will not be impacted.
    [Show full text]
  • Reducing Heat Stress in Livestock
    Landcare In Focus 1 February 2015 ~ www.landcareonline.com.au 2 3 4 Green Army to fight rice grass 5 DIVISION of the A part of round 3 of the Green Army has been Covering 130 Green Army Program, 6 assigned to the hectares, the rice Landcare Australia would like beautiful, but to assist Landcare groups in threatened,A Rubicon estuary in 7 grass infestation making an application. northern Tasmania to fight an Landcare Australia’s Green infestation of rice grass. in the Rubicon Army project officer Bruce Covering 130 hectares, the estuary is the Ashley says he is happy to 8 rice grass infestation in the second largest answer any questions people Rubicon estuary is the second may have – whether they are 9 largest in Australia. Introduced in Australia. farmers, members of commu- in the 1930s to stabilise river nity groups, Landcarers or banks, rice grass has instead apply for Green Army teams to people working or volunteer- 10 become a major pest whose be involved in their projects. ing in related areas of Landcare choking growth destroys the Applications for the latest and heritage conservation. habitat of birds, fish, crabs and round of Green Army projects “We are inviting anyone 11 other estuarine plants. can be submitted until March who thinks they might be able It has the potential to 17, 2015. to benefit from the resources invade up to 650 hectares of Landcare Australia, in of a Green Army in their area 12 the Rubicon, one of Australia’s partnership with recruitment to contact us,” Mr Ashley said.
    [Show full text]
  • Indigenous Participation in Australian Economies
    Indigenous Participation in Australian Economies Historical and anthropological perspectives Indigenous Participation in Australian Economies Historical and anthropological perspectives Edited by Ian Keen THE AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY E P R E S S E P R E S S Published by ANU E Press The Australian National University Canberra ACT 0200, Australia Email: [email protected] This title is also available online at: http://epress.anu.edu.au/ip_citation.html National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry Title: Indigenous participation in Australian economies : historical and anthropological perspectives / edited by Ian Keen. ISBN: 9781921666865 (pbk.) 9781921666872 (ebook) Notes: Includes bibliographical references. Subjects: Aboriginal Australians--Economic conditions. Business enterprises, Aboriginal Australian. Aboriginal Australians--Employment. Economic anthropology--Australia. Hunting and gathering societies--Australia. Australia--Economic conditions. Other Authors/Contributors: Keen, Ian. Dewey Number: 306.30994 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. Cover design and layout by ANU E Press Cover image: Camel ride at Karunjie Station ca. 1950, with Jack Campbell in hat. Courtesy State Library of Western Australia image number 007846D. Printed by Griffin Press This edition © 2010 ANU E Press Contents Acknowledgements. .vii List.of.figures. ix Contributors. xi 1 ..Introduction. 1 Ian Keen 2 ..The.emergence.of.Australian.settler.capitalism.in.the.. nineteenth.century.and.the.disintegration/integration.of.. Aboriginal.societies:.hybridisation.and.local.evolution.. within.the.world.market. 23 Christopher Lloyd 3 ..The.interpretation.of.Aboriginal.‘property’.on.the.
    [Show full text]
  • PHAA President's Award to Be Given to the Australian Health Protection
    Media Release Public Health Association of Australia 12 May 2020 PHAA President’s Award to be given to the Australian Health Protection Principal Committee The Public Health Association Australia (PHAA) today announced a special PHAA President’s Award for the members of the Australian Health Protection Principal Committee (AHPPC), whose work over recent months has helped keep all Australians safe during the COVID epidemic. The announcement co- incides with the start of Australia’s first ever virtual Preventive Health Conference 2020 on the 13 May. “This band of public health experts, hitherto unknown to most Australians, have undoubtably saved lives.” said PHAA President David Templeman. “Their rapid success in advising and influencing political leaders, health sector, community and business leaders, and ultimately all Australians of the urgency of the present situation which has put Australia in an enviable position worldwide.” “They deserve every form of recognition Australians can give. The Public Health Association is proud of them, and proud to be recognizing them formally through this award.” “In response to the COVID-19 Pandemic the AHPPC has been the engine room that has driven the capture and synthesis of the vital data on the unfolding pandemic, which has underpinned their policy advice to our political leaders.” “This committee, some of whom are PHAA members, has meet almost every day for more than three months and operated under extreme pressure to provide definitive advice in extraordinarily uncertain circumstances.” “They have been professional, measured, tireless and fearless in their advice, giving a human and humane perspective, while keeping the health of the Australian people foremost in their minds.” “In addition to the tireless efforts of the AHPPC, there have been many other players supporting our relatively safe national outcome – including specialist teams at national, and state and territory level,” said Mr Templeman.
    [Show full text]
  • Indigenous Participation in Australian Economies
    Indigenous Participation in Australian Economies Historical and anthropological perspectives Indigenous Participation in Australian Economies Historical and anthropological perspectives Edited by Ian Keen THE AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY E P R E S S E P R E S S Published by ANU E Press The Australian National University Canberra ACT 0200, Australia Email: [email protected] This title is also available online at: http://epress.anu.edu.au/ip_citation.html National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry Title: Indigenous participation in Australian economies : historical and anthropological perspectives / edited by Ian Keen. ISBN: 9781921666865 (pbk.) 9781921666872 (ebook) Notes: Includes bibliographical references. Subjects: Aboriginal Australians--Economic conditions. Business enterprises, Aboriginal Australian. Aboriginal Australians--Employment. Economic anthropology--Australia. Hunting and gathering societies--Australia. Australia--Economic conditions. Other Authors/Contributors: Keen, Ian. Dewey Number: 306.30994 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. Cover design and layout by ANU E Press Cover image: Camel ride at Karunjie Station ca. 1950, with Jack Campbell in hat. Courtesy State Library of Western Australia image number 007846D. Printed by Griffin Press This edition © 2010 ANU E Press Contents Acknowledgements. .vii List.of.figures. ix Contributors. xi 1 ..Introduction. 1 Ian Keen 2 ..The.emergence.of.Australian.settler.capitalism.in.the.. nineteenth.century.and.the.disintegration/integration.of.. Aboriginal.societies:.hybridisation.and.local.evolution.. within.the.world.market. 23 Christopher Lloyd 3 ..The.interpretation.of.Aboriginal.‘property’.on.the.
    [Show full text]